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He L, Zhou J, Chen M, Lin CS, Kim SG, Zhou Y, Xiang L, Xie M, Bai H, Yao H, Shi C, Coelho PG, Bromage TG, Hu B, Tovar N, Witek L, Wu J, Chen K, Gu W, Zheng J, Sheu TJ, Zhong J, Wen J, Niu Y, Cheng B, Gong Q, Owens DM, Stanislauskas M, Pei J, Chotkowski G, Wang S, Yang G, Zegarelli DJ, Shi X, Finkel M, Zhang W, Li J, Cheng J, Tarnow DP, Zhou X, Wang Z, Jiang X, Romanov A, Rowe DW, Wang S, Ye L, Ling J, Mao J. Parenchymal and stromal tissue regeneration of tooth organ by pivotal signals reinstated in decellularized matrix. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:627-637. [PMID: 31114073 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells are transplanted to regenerate an organs' parenchyma, but how transplanted parenchymal cells induce stromal regeneration is elusive. Despite the common use of a decellularized matrix, little is known as to the pivotal signals that must be restored for tissue or organ regeneration. We report that Alx3, a developmentally important gene, orchestrated adult parenchymal and stromal regeneration by directly transactivating Wnt3a and vascular endothelial growth factor. In contrast to the modest parenchyma formed by native adult progenitors, Alx3-restored cells in decellularized scaffolds not only produced vascularized stroma that involved vascular endothelial growth factor signalling, but also parenchymal dentin via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In an orthotopic large-animal model following parenchyma and stroma ablation, Wnt3a-recruited endogenous cells regenerated neurovascular stroma and differentiated into parenchymal odontoblast-like cells that extended the processes into newly formed dentin with a structure-mechanical equivalency to native dentin. Thus, the Alx3-Wnt3a axis enables postnatal progenitors with a modest innate regenerative capacity to regenerate adult tissues. Depleted signals in the decellularized matrix may be reinstated by a developmentally pivotal gene or corresponding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sahng G Kim
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lusai Xiang
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanying Bai
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hai Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Changcheng Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy G Bromage
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nick Tovar
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiaqian Wu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenian Chen
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinxuan Zheng
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tzong-Jen Sheu
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Juan Zhong
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Niu
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Cheng
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qimei Gong
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David M Owens
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jasmine Pei
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sainan Wang
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guodong Yang
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Xin Shi
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Wen Zhang
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyuan Li
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiayi Cheng
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis P Tarnow
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zuolin Wang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alexander Romanov
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David W Rowe
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health Science Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jeremy Mao
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Physician and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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202
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Pelissari C, Paris AFC, Mantesso A, Trierveiler M. Apical Papilla Cells Are Capable of Forming a Pulplike Tissue with Odontoblastlike Cells without the Use of Exogenous Growth Factors. J Endod 2019; 44:1671-1676. [PMID: 30409448 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental pulp is a complex tissue with highly differentiated cells, which makes its reconstruction a challenging task. The apical papilla is an undifferentiated tissue considered as the remnant of the dental papilla that forms the dentin-pulp complex. Aiming to analyze morphologic features of the tissue formed in an in vivo pulp model, we used human apical papilla as a cell source without the use of exogenous growth factors. METHODS A construct was built using newborn mice molar crowns treated with TrypLE (Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK) and EDTA. The crowns were filled with PuraMatrix (Corning Inc, Corning, NY) and a pool population of human apical papilla cells. As a control, we used crowns filled only with PuraMatrix and empty crowns. The constructs were transplanted under severe combined immunodeficient mice kidney capsules. Immunohistochemistry for lamin A, dentin sialophosphoprotein, and dentin matrix protein 1 was performed. RESULTS Morphologic analysis of all transplanted crowns showed the formation of a loose connective tissue of variable cellularity with the presence of well-formed functional vessels. In the study group, lamin A-positive cells represented the majority of cells within the pulp chamber and a few cells in the vessel lining. We also found positivity for dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein 1, an indicator of odontoblast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In our study model, human transplanted apical papilla cells mixed with the host cells and formed a vascularized viable tissue, and these cells were able to differentiate into odontoblastlike cells without the use of exogenous growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Pelissari
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry-LABITRON, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana F C Paris
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry-LABITRON, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Mantesso
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry-LABITRON, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Trierveiler
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry-LABITRON, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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203
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Nakashima M, Iohara K, Bottino MC, Fouad AF, Nör JE, Huang GTJ. Animal Models for Stem Cell-Based Pulp Regeneration: Foundation for Human Clinical Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2019; 25:100-113. [PMID: 30284967 PMCID: PMC6486672 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Animal models are essential for tissue regeneration studies. This review summarizes and discusses the small and large animal models, including mouse, ferret, dog, and miniswine that have been utilized to experiment and to demonstrate stem cell-mediated dental pulp tissue regeneration. We describe the models based on the location where the tissue regeneration is tested-either ectopic, semiorthotopic, or orthotopic. Developing and utilizing optimal animal models for both mechanistic and translational studies of pulp regeneration are of critical importance to advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Marco C. Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ashraf F. Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jacques E. Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - George T.-J. Huang
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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204
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Design and characterization of a chitosan-enriched fibrin hydrogel for human dental pulp regeneration. Dent Mater 2019; 35:523-533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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205
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Clinical Potential and Current Progress of Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Various Systemic Diseases in Regenerative Medicine: A Concise Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051132. [PMID: 30845639 PMCID: PMC6429131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have multipotent differentiation and a self-renewal ability. They have been useful not only for dental diseases, but also for systemic diseases. Extensive studies have suggested that DPSCs are effective for various diseases, such as spinal cord injuries, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy, diabetes, liver diseases, eye diseases, immune diseases, and oral diseases. DPSCs have the potential for use in a cell-therapeutic paradigm shift to treat these diseases. It has also been reported that DPSCs have higher regenerative potential than the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells known as representative MSCs. Therefore, DPSCs have recently gathered much attention. In this review, the therapeutic potential of DPSCs, the latest progress in the pre-clinical study for treatment of these various systemic diseases, and the clinical applications of DPSCs in regenerative medicine, are all summarized. Although challenges, including mechanisms of the effects and establishment of cell processing and transplantation methods for clinical use, still remain, DPSCs could be promising stem cells sources for various clinical applications, because of their easy isolation by a noninvasive procedure without ethical concerns.
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206
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Hayashi Y, Kawamura R, Nishimatsu SI, Fukuta O, Nakashima M. Stem Cell-Induced Pulp Regeneration Can Be Enhanced by Administration of CCL11-Neutralizing Antibody in the Ectopic Tooth Transplantation Model in the Aged Mice. Rejuvenation Res 2019; 22:51-59. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Japan
| | - Rei Kawamura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Japan
- Department of Gerontology and School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimatsu
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Osamu Fukuta
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Japan
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207
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Morsczeck C. Cellular senescence in dental pulp stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 99:150-155. [PMID: 30685471 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This short review summarizes our current knowledge about dental stem cell aging and about possible targets for the regulation of cellular senescence. DESIGN A literature search was performed using a combination of keywords, e.g., stem cells, replicative senescence, differentiation potential, dental pulp, dental follicle and periodontal ligament. RESULTS Previous studies have shown that cellular senescence occurs while the proliferation of dental stem cells. Moreover, the differentiation potential was significantly decreased in senescent stem cells and senescent cells secrete also factors that are harmful to the adjacent tissue cells. Moreover, many targets for the regulation of cellular senescence are considered; for example pathways related to the nutrient sensing such as the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. CONCLUSIONS The regulation of cellular senescence will play a crucial role in the clinical use of stem cells. However, there is no cell culture protocol available that prevents dental stem cell senescence. Therefore, more knowledge about molecular processes in stem cells is needed before and after the induction of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Morsczeck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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208
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Sui B, Chen C, Kou X, Li B, Xuan K, Shi S, Jin Y. Pulp Stem Cell-Mediated Functional Pulp Regeneration. J Dent Res 2019; 98:27-35. [PMID: 30372659 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518808754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservation of vital dental pulp with vasculature and nerve components remains one of the most significant challenges in modern dentistry. Due to the immense potential for neurovascularization, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has shown emerging promise in regenerative medicine and dental translational practice. Actually, pulp mesenchymal stem cells, including postnatal dental pulp stem cells (from permanent teeth) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, possess unique properties based on their origins from neural crest or glial cells. Furthermore, they reside in a neurovascular niche and have the potential for neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neurovascular inductive activity. According to current pulp regeneration strategies, pulp stem cell-mediated approaches to regeneration have demonstrated convincing evidence that they can rebuild the complex histologic structure of native pulp in situ with highly organized physiologic patterns or even achieve de novo regeneration of complete dental pulp tissues. More importantly, recent clinical studies emphasized in situ neurovascularization outcomes in successful regeneration of vitalized pulp via pulp stem cell transplantation. In this review, we summarize recent breakthroughs in pulp stem cell-mediated pulp regeneration, emphasizing the crucial achievement of neurovascularization. This functional pulp regeneration represents an innovative and promising approach for future regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sui
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Chen
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - X Kou
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- 3 Guanghua School of Stomatology, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - K Xuan
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - S Shi
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- 3 Guanghua School of Stomatology, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Jin
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Desbrieres J, Peptu C, Ochiuz L, Savin C, Popa M, Vasiliu S. Application of Chitosan-Based Formulations in Controlled Drug Delivery. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 36 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16581-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Adult stem cells are excellent cell resource for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been discovered and well known in various application. Here, we reviewed the history of dental pulp stem cell study and the detail experimental method including isolation, culture, cryopreservation, and the differentiation strategy to different cell lineage. Moreover, we discussed the future potential application of the combination of tissue engineering and of DPSC differentiation. This review will help the new learner to quickly get into the DPSC filed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrui Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, 610072 China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
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Li J, Xu SQ, Zhao YM, Yu S, Ge LH, Xu BH. Comparison of the biological characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from exfoliated deciduous teeth, bone marrow, gingival tissue, and umbilical cord. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4969-4977. [PMID: 30272340 PMCID: PMC6236220 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Different sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may differ in their biological characteristics, which are important for their clinical application. In the present study, MSCs were isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), bone marrow, gingival tissue and umbilical cord tissue, and their biological characteristics including surface markers, proliferation capacity, tumorigenicity and immunogenicity were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis, ELISA and co‑culture with human lymphocytes, respectively. The results indicated that all four types of stem cells obtained from different sources expressed MSC surface markers, and they did not show tumorigenicity either in vivo or in vitro. Stem cells from SHED exhibited the strongest proliferation capacity. Umbilical cord‑derived MSCs displayed the strongest immunomodulatory ability, while bone marrow MSCs exhibited the best antigen‑presenting potential in response to interferon‑γ stimulation. These results provide information on MSCs derived from different tissues, which may be helpful in their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Qing Xu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Shi Yu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Ge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Li-Hong Ge, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian, Beijing 100081, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Bao-Hua Xu
- Dental Medical Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China,Dr Bao-Hua Xu, Dental Medical Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 East Cherry Street, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Ariji Y, Ariji E, Nakashima M, Iohara K. Magnetic resonance imaging in endodontics: a literature review. Oral Radiol 2018; 34:10-16. [PMID: 30484095 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-017-0301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently been used for the evaluation of dental pulp anatomy, vitality, and regeneration. This study reviewed the recent use of MRI in the endodontic field. METHODS Literature published from January 2000 to March 2017 was searched in PubMed using the following Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms: (1) MRI and (dental pulp anatomy or endodontic pulp); (2) MRI and dental pulp regeneration. Studies were narrowed down based on specific inclusion criteria and categorized as in vitro, in vivo, or dental pulp regeneration studies. The MRI sequences and imaging findings were summarized. RESULTS In the in vitro studies on dental pulp anatomy, T1-weighted imaging with high resolution was frequently used to evaluate dental pulp morphology, demineralization depth, and tooth abnormalities. Other sequences such as apparent diffusion coefficient mapping and sweep imaging with Fourier transformation were used to evaluate pulpal fluid and decayed teeth, and short-T2 tissues (dentin and enamel), respectively. In the in vivo studies, pulp vitality and reperfusion were visible with fat-saturated T2-weighted imaging or contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. In both the in vitro and in vivo studies, MRI could reveal pulp regeneration after stem cell therapy. Stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles were also visible on MRI. Angiogenesis induced by stem cells could be confirmed on enhanced T1-weighted imaging. CONCLUSION MRI can be successfully used to visualize pulp morphology as well as pulp vitality and regeneration. The use of MRI in the endodontic field is likely to increase in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Ariji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan.
| | - Eiichiro Ariji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, 474-8511, Japan
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Schertl P, Volk J, Perduns R, Adam K, Leyhausen G, Bakopoulou A, Geurtsen W. Impaired angiogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells during exposure to the resinous monomer triethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Dent Mater 2018; 35:144-155. [PMID: 30502225 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can differentiate into tissue specific lineages to support dental pulp regeneration after injuries. Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is a widely used co-monomer in restorative dentistry with adverse effects on cellular metabolism. Aim of this study was to analyze the impact of TEGDMA on the angiogenic differentiation potential of DPSCs. METHODS DPSCs were characterized by flow cytometry. Short-term (max. 72h) cytotoxicity of TEGDMA was assessed by MTT assay. To evaluate TEGDMA effects on angiogenic differentiation, DPSCs were cultivated in angiogenic differentiation medium (ADM) in the presence or absence of short-term non-toxic TEGDMA concentrations (0.1mM and 0.25mM). Subsequently, angiogenic differentiation was analyzed by qRT-PCR analysis of mRNA markers and in vitro spheroid sprouting assays. RESULTS DPSCs treated with 0.25mM TEGDMA revealed downregulation of angiogenesis-related marker genes PECAM1 (max. 3.8-fold), VEGF-A (max. 2.4-fold) and FLT1 (max. 2.9-fold) compared to respective untreated control. In addition, a reduction of the sprouting potential of DPSCs cultured in the presence of 0.25mM TEGDMA was detectable. Larger spheroidal structures were detectable in the untreated control in comparison to cells treated with 0.25mM TEGDMA. In contrast, TEGDMA at 0.1mM was not affecting angiogenic potential in the investigated time period (up to 28 days). SIGNIFICANCE The results of the present study show that TEGDMA concentration dependently impair the angiogenic differentiation potential of DPSCs and may affect wound healing and the formation of granulation tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schertl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Joachim Volk
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Renke Perduns
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Knut Adam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Leyhausen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Werner Geurtsen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Angelova Volponi A, Zaugg LK, Neves V, Liu Y, Sharpe PT. Tooth Repair and Regeneration. CURRENT ORAL HEALTH REPORTS 2018; 5:295-303. [PMID: 30524931 PMCID: PMC6244610 DOI: 10.1007/s40496-018-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current dental treatments are based on conservative approaches, using inorganic materials and appliances.This report explores and discusses the newest achievements in the field of "regenerative dentistry," based on the concept of biological repair as an alternative to the current conservative approach. RECENT FINDINGS The review covers and critically analyzes three main approaches of tooth repair: the re-mineralization of the enamel, the biological repair of dentin, and whole tooth engineering. SUMMARY The development of a concept of biological repair based on the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in reparative dentin formation offers a new translational approach into development of future clinical dental treatments.In the field of bio-tooth engineering, the current focus of the researchers remains the establishment of odontogenic cell-sources that would be viable and easily accessible for future bio-tooth engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Angelova Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia K. Zaugg
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vitor Neves
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Yang Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paul T. Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
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215
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Proksch S, Galler KM. Scaffold Materials and Dental Stem Cells in Dental Tissue Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-018-0197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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216
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Morotomi T, Washio A, Kitamura C. Current and future options for dental pulp therapy. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2018; 55:5-11. [PMID: 30733839 PMCID: PMC6354285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp is a connective tissue and has functions that include initiative, formative, protective, nutritive, and reparative activities. However, it has relatively low compliance, because it is enclosed in hard tissue. Its low compliance against damage, such as dental caries, results in the frequent removal of dental pulp during endodontic therapy. Loss of dental pulp frequently leads to fragility of the tooth, and eventually, a deterioration in the patient’s quality of life. With the development of biomaterials such as bioceramics and advances in pulp biology such as the identification of dental pulp stem cells, novel ideas for the preservation of dental pulp, the regenerative therapy of dental pulp, and new biomaterials for direct pulp capping have now been proposed. Therapies for dental pulp are classified into three categories; direct pulp capping, vital pulp amputation, and treatment for non-vital teeth. In this review, we discuss current and future treatment options in these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Morotomi
- Division of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Science of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Ayako Washio
- Division of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Science of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kitamura
- Division of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Science of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
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Abstract
Purpose of Review To summarize current views on the role and therapeutic potential of growth factors (GFs) within endodontic cell homing. Recent Findings Cell homing/revitalization techniques aim to regenerate dentin and pulp using endogenous cells. Clinically, revitalization has successfully created new vital tissue in necrotic permanent teeth with an open apex; however, there is no evidence of new odontoblasts, pulp tissue, or predictable extension in root length. Although the response is reparative rather than regenerative, exciting opportunities to improve these biologically-based strategies remain by (1) efficiently sequestering dentin-matrix-components (DMCs) using irrigants and dental materials (2) designing next-generation GF-releasing scaffold materials and (3) utilizing other sources of GF such as cells and plasma-rich plasma and plasma-rich fibrin. Summary GFs can promote reparative-dentinogenesis and pulp-like tissue formation. The future development and clinical approval of GF-functionalized-scaffolds is a priority; however, current focus should be to harness DMCs and target the interaction of stem cells and GFs.
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218
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Orsini G, Pagella P, Putignano A, Mitsiadis TA. Novel Biological and Technological Platforms for Dental Clinical Use. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1102. [PMID: 30135661 PMCID: PMC6092501 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human teeth have a limited capacity to regenerate and thus biological reconstruction of damaged or lost dental tissues remains a significant challange in modern dentistry. Recent efforts focus on alternative therapeutic approaches for partial or whole tooth regeneration that complement traditional dental treatments using sophisticated materials and dental implants. These multidisciplinary approaches are based on the combination of stem cells with advanced tissue engineer products and computing technology, and they hold great promise for future applications in dentistry. The administration to patients of dynamic biological agents composed by stem cells and scaffolds will certainly increase the regenerative capacity of dental pathological tissues. The design of innovative materials for tissue restoration, diagnostics, imaging, and targeted pharmaceutical treatment will significantly improve the quality of dental care and will have a major societal impact. This review depicts the current challenges in dentistry and describes the possibilities for novel and succesful therapeutic applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Orsini
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Putignano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Thimios A. Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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219
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Kim SG, Malek M, Sigurdsson A, Lin LM, Kahler B. Regenerative endodontics: a comprehensive review. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1367-1388. [PMID: 29777616 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The European Society of Endodontology and the American Association for Endodontists have released position statements and clinical considerations for regenerative endodontics. There is increasing literature on this field since the initial reports of Iwaya et al. (Dental Traumatology, 17, 2001, 185) and Banchs & Trope (Journal of Endodontics, 30, 2004, 196). Endogenous stem cells from an induced periapical bleeding and scaffolds using blood clot, platelet rich plasma or platelet-rich fibrin have been utilized in regenerative endodontics. This approach has been described as a 'paradigm shift' and considered the first treatment option for immature teeth with pulp necrosis. There are three treatment outcomes of regenerative endodontics; (i) resolution of clinical signs and symptoms; (ii) further root maturation; and (iii) return of neurogenesis. It is known that results are variable for these objectives, and true regeneration of the pulp/dentine complex is not achieved. Repair derived primarily from the periodontal and osseous tissues has been shown histologically. It is hoped that with the concept of tissue engineering, namely stem cells, scaffolds and signalling molecules, that true pulp regeneration is an achievable goal. This review discusses current knowledge as well as future directions for regenerative endodontics. Patient-centred outcomes such as tooth discolouration and possibly more appointments with the potential for adverse effects needs to be discussed with patients and parents. Based on the classification of Cvek (Endodontics and Dental Traumatology, 8, 1992, 45), it is proposed that regenerative endodontics should be considered for teeth with incomplete root formation although teeth with near or complete root formation may be more suited for conventional endodontic therapy or MTA barrier techniques. However, much is still not known about clinical and biological aspects of regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kim
- Division of Endodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Malek
- Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Sigurdsson
- Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - L M Lin
- Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Kahler
- The University of Queensland School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Australia
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Iohara K, Utsunomiya S, Kohara S, Nakashima M. Allogeneic transplantation of mobilized dental pulp stem cells with the mismatched dog leukocyte antigen type is safe and efficacious for total pulp regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:116. [PMID: 29703239 PMCID: PMC5921747 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently demonstrated that autologous transplantation of mobilized dental pulp stem cells (MDPSCs) was a safe and efficacious potential therapy for total pulp regeneration in a clinical study. The autologous MDPSCs, however, have some limitations to overcome, such as limited availability of discarded teeth from older patients. In the present study, we investigated whether MDPSCs can be used for allogeneic applications to expand their therapeutic use. Methods Analysis of dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) was performed using polymerase chain reaction from blood. Canine allogeneic MDPSCs with the matched and mismatched DLA were transplanted with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in collagen into pulpectomized teeth respectively (n = 7, each). Results were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining, PGP9.5 immunostaining, and BS-1 lectin immunostaining performed 12 weeks after transplantation. The MDPSCs of the same DLA used in the first transplantation were further transplanted into another pulpectomized tooth and evaluated 12 weeks after transplantation. Results There was no evidence of toxicity or adverse events of the allogeneic transplantation of the MDPSCs with the mismatched DLA. No adverse event of dual transplantation of the MDPSCs with the matched and mismatched DLA was observed. Regenerated pulp tissues including neovascularization and neuronal extension were quantitatively and qualitatively similar at 12 weeks in both matched and mismatched DLA transplants. Regenerated pulp tissue was similarly observed in the dual transplantation as in the single transplantation of MDPSCs both with the matched and mismatched DLA. Conclusions Dual allogeneic transplantation of MDPSCs with the mismatched DLA is a safe and efficacious method for total pulp regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0855-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Shinji Utsunomiya
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sakae Kohara
- Preclinical Research Support Division, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd, Kainan, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
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221
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Dental Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Exosomes. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8973613. [PMID: 29760738 PMCID: PMC5924966 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8973613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells derived from human dental pulp tissue (DP-MSC) differ from the other mesenchymal stem cells prepared from bone marrow or adipose tissue due to their embryonic origin from the neural crest and are of special interest because of their neurotropic character. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of DP-MSCs is realized through paracrine action of extracellularly released components, for which exosomes play an important role. In this review, we intend to explore the properties of these cells with an emphasis on exosomes. The therapeutic applicability of these cells and exosomes in dental practice, neurodegenerative diseases, and many other difficultly treatable diseases, like myocardial infarction, focal cerebral ischemia, acute lung or brain injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute inflammation, and several others is concisely covered. The use of cellular exosomes as an important diagnostic marker and indicator of targeted cancer therapies is also discussed, while the importance of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth as a source of evolutionally young cells for future regenerative therapies is stressed. We conclude that exosomes derived from these cells are potent therapeutic tools for regenerative medicine in the near future as clinical administration of DP-MSC-conditioned medium and/or exosomes is safer and more practical than stem cells.
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222
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Wang L, Yang H, Lin X, Cao Y, Gao P, Zheng Y, Fan Z. KDM1A regulated the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation process of the stem cells of the apical papilla via binding with PLOD2. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12459. [PMID: 29656462 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-mediated pulp-dentin regeneration is considered a potential approach for the regeneration of damaged teeth. Enhancing MSC-mediated pulp-dentin regeneration is based on an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying directed cell differentiation process. Histone demethylation enzyme, lysine demethylase 1A (KDM1A) can regulate the differentiation of some MSCs, but its role in dental tissue-derived MSCs is unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS We obtained SCAPs from immature teeth. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin red staining, quantitative calcium analysis, osteogenesis-related genes expression and in vivo transplantation experiment were used to explore the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay was used to investigate the binding protein. RESULTS Knock-down of KDM1A reduced ALP activity and mineralization, promoted the expressions of osteo/dentinogenic differentiation markers DSPP, DMP1, BSP and key transcript factors, RUNX2, OSX, DLX2 in SCAPs, and also enhanced the osteo/dentinogenesis in vivo. In addition, KDM1A could associate with PLOD2 to form protein complex. And knock-down of PLOD2 inhibited ALP activity and mineralization, and promoted the expressions of DSPP, DMP1, BSP, RUNX2, OSX and DLX2 in SCAPs. CONCLUSIONS KDM1A might have different role in different stages of osteo/dentinogenic differentiation process by binding partner with PLOD2, and finally resulted in the inhibited function for the osteo/dentinogenesis in SCAPs. Our studies provided a further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of dynamic osteo/dentinogenic differentiation process in dental tissue MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Fujii S, Fujimoto K, Goto N, Abiko Y, Imaoka A, Shao J, Kitayama K, Kanawa M, Sosiawan A, Suardita K, Nishimura F, Kato Y. Characterization of human dental pulp cells grown in chemically defined serum-free medium. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:350-358. [PMID: 29556382 PMCID: PMC5844140 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp cells (DPCs) are promising candidates for use as transplantable cells in regenerative medicine. However, ex vivo expansion of these cells typically requires culture media containing fetal bovine serum, which may cause infection and immunological reaction following transplantation. In addition, the proliferation and differentiation of DPCs markedly depend upon serum batches. Therefore, the present study examined whether DPCs could be expanded under serum-free conditions. DPCs obtained from four donors were identified to proliferate actively in the serum-free medium, STK2, when compared with those cells in control medium (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% serum). The high proliferative potential with STK2 was maintained through multiple successive culture passages. DNA microarray analyses demonstrated that the gene expression profile of DPCs grown in STK2 was similar to that of cells grown in the control medium; however, a number of genes related to cell proliferation, including placental growth factor and inhibin-βE, were upregulated in the STK2 cultures. Following induction of osteogenesis, DPCs grown in STK2 induced alkaline phosphatase activity and calcification at higher levels compared with the control medium cultures, indicating maintenance of differentiation potential in STK2. This serum-free culture system with DPCs may have applications in further experimental studies and as a clinical strategy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Fujii
- Department of Dental Science for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Noriko Goto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Abiko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Asayo Imaoka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | | | - Kazuko Kitayama
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masami Kanawa
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Agung Sosiawan
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia
| | - Ketut Suardita
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Department of Dental Science for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.,Two Cells Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 734-0816, Japan
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224
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Anitua E, Troya M, Zalduendo M. Progress in the use of dental pulp stem cells in regenerative medicine. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:479-498. [PMID: 29449086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering is emerging as a multidisciplinary area with promising potential for regenerating new tissues and organs. This approach requires the involvement of three essential components: stem cells, scaffolds and growth factors. To date, dental pulp stem cells have received special attention because they represent a readily accessible source of stem cells. Their high plasticity and multipotential capacity to differentiate into a large array of tissues can be explained by its neural crest origin, which supports applications beyond the scope of oral tissues. Many isolation, culture and cryopreservation protocols have been proposed that are known to affect cell phenotype, proliferation rate and differentiation capacity. The clinical applications of therapies based on dental pulp stem cells demand the development of new biomaterials suitable for regenerative purposes that can act as scaffolds to handle, carry and implant stem cells into patients. Currently, the development of xeno-free culture media is emerging as a means of standardization to improve safe and reproducibility. The present review aims to describe the current knowledge of dental pulp stem cells, considering in depth the key aspects related to the characterization, establishment, maintenance and cryopreservation of primary cultures and their involvement in the multilineage differentiation potential. The main clinical applications for these stem cells and their combination with several biomaterials is also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology UIRMI, UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain.
| | - María Troya
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology UIRMI, UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Mar Zalduendo
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology UIRMI, UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain
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225
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Mochizuki M, Nakahara T. Establishment of xenogeneic serum-free culture methods for handling human dental pulp stem cells using clinically oriented in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:25. [PMID: 29394956 PMCID: PMC5797401 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, ex-vivo handling of stem cells, including transport after harvest and therapeutic preparation, is generally done in culture media containing fetal bovine serum (FBS), which promotes cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. However, because of safety concerns associated with the use of FBS, including potential transmission of zoonotic agents and transplant rejection because of the incorporation of foreign proteins into the stem cells, there is a need for xenogeneic serum-free culture media for clinical handling of stem cells. Methods Dental pulp stem cells were derived from wisdom teeth donated by eight healthy volunteers and cultured in xenogeneic serum-free culture medium (XFM) or xenogeneic serum-containing culture medium (SCM). Cells were subjected to morphological, proliferation, karyotype, differentiation, marker expression, cryopreservation, and cytotoxic susceptibility analyses in vitro, as well as transplantation in vivo. Results In primary culture, XFM cells showed lower adhesion and slightly different morphology, although the single-cell size was similar to that of SCM cells. XFM cells exhibited typical mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics in vitro and in vivo, including marker gene/protein expression, trilineage differentiation potential, and hard, osteo-dentin tissue formation. Additionally, XFM cells maintained a normal karyotype in vitro and nontumorigenic potential in vivo; however, XFM cells were more susceptible to H2O2 and ultraviolet cytotoxic stimuli. XFM cells formed a multilayered structure showing excessive cell death/division in contrast to the monolayered structure of SCM cells when reaching overconfluence. Proliferation was disrupted in overconfluent XFM cells, and these cells could not be subcultured. Dimethyl sulfoxide-free cryopreserved XFM cells yielded similar results in all of the experiments. Conclusions This study is the first reporting successful isolation and expansion of an MSC population from donor-derived tissue (dental pulp) under xenogeneic serum-free culture conditions, as well as the application of cryopreservation, using a research strategy based on clinically oriented in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0761-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Mochizuki
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Taka Nakahara
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan.
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Athirasala A, Tahayeri A, Thrivikraman G, França CM, Monteiro N, Tran V, Ferracane J, Bertassoni LE. A dentin-derived hydrogel bioink for 3D bioprinting of cell laden scaffolds for regenerative dentistry. Biofabrication 2018; 10:024101. [PMID: 29320372 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa9b4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies in tissue engineering have adopted extracellular matrix (ECM) derived scaffolds as natural and cytocompatible microenvironments for tissue regeneration. The dentin matrix, specifically, has been shown to be associated with a host of soluble and insoluble signaling molecules that can promote odontogenesis. Here, we have developed a novel bioink, blending printable alginate (3% w/v) hydrogels with the soluble and insoluble fractions of the dentin matrix. We have optimized the printing parameters and the concentrations of the individual components of the bioink for print accuracy, cell viability and odontogenic potential. We find that, while viscosity, and hence printability of the bioinks, was greater in the formulations containing higher concentrations of alginate, a higher proportion of insoluble dentin matrix proteins significantly improved cell viability; where a 1:1 ratio of alginate and dentin (1:1 Alg-Dent) was most suitable. We further demonstrate high retention of the soluble dentin molecules within the 1:1 Alg-Dent hydrogel blends, evidencing renewed interactions between these molecules and the dentin matrix post crosslinking. Moreover, at concentrations of 100 μg ml-1, these soluble dentin molecules significantly enhanced odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla encapsulated in bioprinted hydrogels. In summary, the proposed novel bioinks have demonstrable cytocompatibility and natural odontogenic capacity, which can be a used to reproducibly fabricate scaffolds with complex three-dimensional microarchitectures for regenerative dentistry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avathamsa Athirasala
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, OHSU School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, United States of America
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Zhu X, Liu J, Yu Z, Chen CA, Aksel H, Azim AA, Huang GTJ. A Miniature Swine Model for Stem Cell-Based De Novo Regeneration of Dental Pulp and Dentin-Like Tissue. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:108-120. [PMID: 29298406 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to establish mini-swine as a large animal model for stem cell-based pulp regeneration studies. Swine dental pulp stem cells (sDPSCs) were isolated from mini-swine and characterized in vitro. For in vivo studies, we first employed both ectopic and semi-orthotopic study models using severe combined immunodeficiency mice. One is hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) model for pulp-dentin complex formation, and the other is tooth fragment model for complete pulp regeneration with new dentin depositing along the canal walls. We found that sDPSCs are similar to their human counterparts exhibiting mesenchymal stem cell characteristics with ability to form colony forming unit-fibroblastic and odontogenic differentiation potential. sDPSCs formed pulp-dentin complex in the HA/TCP model and showed pulp regeneration capacity in the tooth fragment model. We then tested orthotopic pulp regeneration on mini-swine including the use of multi-rooted teeth. Using autologous sDPSCs carried by hydrogel and transplanted into the mini-swine root canal space, we observed regeneration of vascularized pulp-like tissue with a layer of newly deposited dentin-like (rD) tissue or osteodentin along the canal walls. In some cases, dentin bridge-like structure was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis detected the expression of nestin, dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1, and bone sialoprotein in odontoblast-like cells lining against the produced rD. We also tested the use of allogeneic sDPSCs for the same procedures. Similar findings were observed in allogeneic transplantation. This study is the first to show an establishment of mini-swine as a suitable large animal model utilizing multi-rooted teeth for further cell-based pulp regeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhu
- 1 Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee.,2 VIP Dental Service and Geriatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- 1 Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Zongdong Yu
- 1 Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Chao-An Chen
- 1 Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee.,3 Department of Endodontics, Chi Mei Medical Center , Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hacer Aksel
- 1 Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee.,4 Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adham A Azim
- 1 Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee
| | - George T-J Huang
- 1 Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee
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Shuai Y, Ma Y, Guo T, Zhang L, Yang R, Qi M, Liu W, Jin Y. Dental Stem Cells and Tooth Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1107:41-52. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hashimoto K, Kawashima N, Ichinose S, Nara K, Noda S, Okiji T. EDTA Treatment for Sodium Hypochlorite-treated Dentin Recovers Disturbed Attachment and Induces Differentiation of Mouse Dental Papilla Cells. J Endod 2017; 44:256-262. [PMID: 29275854 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The disturbance of cellular attachment to dentin by sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) may hamper pulp tissue regeneration. The aims of this study were to examine the recovering effect of EDTA on the attachment/differentiation of stemlike cells and to address the mechanisms of EDTA-induced recovery under the hypothesis that attachment to the exposed dentin matrix and the subsequent activation of integrin/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling play a crucial role. METHODS Mouse dental papilla (MDP) cells were cultured on bovine dentin disks treated with NaOCl (0%, 1.5%, or 6%) followed by EDTA (0%, 3%, or 17%). Cell attachment was evaluated by cell density, viability, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Odonto-/osteoblastic gene expression in attached MDP cells was analyzed with or without a pan-PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS NaOCl treatment (1.5%, 10 minutes) significantly diminished attached MDP cells (P < .00001), but EDTA treatment (3% and 17%, ≥10 minutes) of NaOCl-pretreated dentin induced a significant increase in attached cells (P < .05). Ultrastructurally, MDP cells on EDTA-treated dentin showed attachment to exposed collagen fibers. MDP cells cultured on EDTA-treated disks (with or without 1.5% NaOCl pretreatment) showed significant up-regulation of alkaline phosphatase, dentin matrix protein 1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein messenger RNAs (P < .05). Alkaline phosphatase expression was down-regulated by LY294002 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Under the present experimental conditions, 10 minutes of EDTA treatment was sufficient to recover attachment/differentiation of MDP cells on 1.5% NaOCl-pretreated dentin. EDTA-induced exposure of collagen fibers and subsequent activation of integrin/PI3K signaling may contribute, at least partly, to the recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hashimoto
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kawashima
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shizuko Ichinose
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nara
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Noda
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Botelho J, Cavacas MA, Machado V, Mendes JJ. Dental stem cells: recent progresses in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Ann Med 2017. [PMID: 28649865 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2017.1347705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the disclosure of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), there have been an intense investigation on the characteristics of these cells and their potentialities. Dental stem cells (DSCs) are MSC-like populations with self-renewal capacity and multidifferentiation potential. Currently, there are five main DSCs, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and dental follicle precursor cells (DFPCs). These cells are extremely accessible, prevail during all life and own an amazing multipotency. In the past decade, DPSCs and SHED have been thoroughly studied in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering as autologous stem cells therapies and have shown amazing therapeutic abilities in oro-facial, neurologic, corneal, cardiovascular, hepatic, diabetic, renal, muscular dystrophy and auto-immune conditions, in both animal and human models, and most recently some of them in human clinical trials. In this review, we focus the characteristics, the multiple roles of DSCs and its potential translation to clinical settings. These new insights of the apparently regenerative aptitude of these DSCs seems quite promising to investigate these cells abilities in a wide variety of pathologies. Key messages Dental stem cells (DSCs) have a remarkable self-renewal capacity and multidifferentiation potential; DSCs are extremely accessible and prevail during all life; DSCs, as stem cells therapies, have shown amazing therapeutic abilities in oro-facial, neurologic, corneal, cardiovascular, hepatic, diabetic, renal, muscular dystrophy and autoimmune conditions; DSCs are becoming extremely relevant in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Botelho
- a Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior CRL , Caparica , Portugal
| | | | - Vanessa Machado
- a Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior CRL , Caparica , Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- a Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior CRL , Caparica , Portugal
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231
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Sachdeva S, Cobourne MT. Dental mesenchymal stem cell research—How much will it translate to clinical orthodontics? Semin Orthod 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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232
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Morsczeck C, Reichert TE. Dental stem cells in tooth regeneration and repair in the future. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 18:187-196. [PMID: 29110535 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1402004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human dental stem cells can be obtained from postnatal teeth, extracted wisdom teeth or exfoliated deciduous teeth. Due to their differentiation potential, these mesenchymal stem cells are promising for tooth repair. Therefore, the development of dental tissue regeneration represents a suitable but challenging, target for dental stem cell therapies. Areas covered: Expert opinion: AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors provide an overview of human dental stem cells and their properties for regeneration medicine. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that dental stem cells improve bone augmentation and healing of periodontal diseases. Clinical trials are ongoing to validate the clinical feasibility of these approaches. Dental stem cells are also important for basic research. EXPERT OPINION Dental stem cells offer numerous advantages for tooth repair and regeneration. Data obtained from different studies are encouraging. In the next few years, investigations on dental stem cells in basic research, pre-clinical research and clinical studies will pave the way to optimizing patient-tailored treatments for repair and regeneration of dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Morsczeck
- a Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery , Hospital of the University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Torsten E Reichert
- a Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery , Hospital of the University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
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233
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Sun Y, Luo T, Shen Y, Haapasalo M, Zou L, Liu J. Effect of iRoot Fast Set root repair material on the proliferation, migration and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186848. [PMID: 29059236 PMCID: PMC5653327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of iRoot Fast Set root repair material (iRoot FS) on the proliferation, migration and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The hDPSCs were treated with eluates of iRoot FS at concentrations of 0.2 and 2 mg/mL, referred to as FS0.2 and FS2, respectively, and Biodentine (BD; Septodont, Saint Maur des Faussés, France) eluates at the corresponding concentrations as positive controls. A CCK8 assay was performed to determine cell proliferation. Wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to examine cell migration. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated based on alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin Red S staining and quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to analyze the mRNA expression of differentiation gene markers. Cell proliferation was higher in the FS and BD groups than in the blank controls at 3 and 7 days. Moreover, FS0.2 enhanced cell migration and significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. These findings suggested that iRoot FS is a bioactive material that promotes the proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (JL); ) (LZ)
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (JL); ) (LZ)
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234
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Abstract
No current therapy promotes root canal disinfection and regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex in cases of pulp necrosis. Antibiotic pastes used to eradicate canal infection negatively affect stem cell survival. Three-dimensional easy-to-fit antibiotic-eluting nanofibers, combined with injectable scaffolds, enriched or not with stem cells and/or growth factors, may increase the likelihood of achieving predictable dental pulp regeneration. Periodontitis is an aggressive disease that impairs the integrity of tooth-supporting structures and may lead to tooth loss. The latest advances in membrane biomodification to endow needed functionalities and technologies to engineer patient-specific membranes/constructs to amplify periodontal regeneration are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Divya Pankajakshan
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana, University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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235
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Mangione F, EzEldeen M, Bardet C, Lesieur J, Bonneau M, Decup F, Salmon B, Jacobs R, Chaussain C, Opsahl-Vital S. Implanted Dental Pulp Cells Fail to Induce Regeneration in Partial Pulpotomies. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1406-1413. [PMID: 28796952 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517725523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based partial pulp regeneration is one of the promising approaches to obtain newly formed functional dentin-pulp complex. It relies on the preservation of the healthy tissue while regenerating the damaged pulp. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this regenerative process could be achieved by implanting porcine dental pulp cells (pDPCs) in pulp defects in the minipig. By split-mouth model, self-assembling injectable nanopeptide hydrogel, with and without pDPCs, was implanted after cameral pulpotomy in premolars and molars. At day 21 after surgery, 3-dimensional morphometric characterization, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunolabeling for DSP and BSP (dentin sialoprotein and bone sialoprotein) were performed on treated teeth. This study demonstrated no pulp regeneration but systematic reparative dentinogenesis. In fact, regardless of the presence of pDPCs in the scaffold, an osteodentin bridge-the microarchitecture of which significantly differed from the native dentin-was systematically obtained. Furthermore, the presence of pDPCs significantly affected the microstructure of the dentin bridges. In the radicular area of each treated tooth, hyperemia in the remaining pulp and external root resorptions were observed. Under the conditions tested in this work, pulp regeneration was not achieved, which highlights the need of further investigations to develop favorable regenerative microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mangione
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France.,2 AP-HP, Departments of Odontology, University Hospitals Albert Chenevier, Louis Mourier and Bretonneau "National Rare Diseases Center Metabolism Phosphorus and Calcium" and Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - M EzEldeen
- 3 OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Bardet
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - J Lesieur
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - M Bonneau
- 4 XP-MED, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
| | - F Decup
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France.,2 AP-HP, Departments of Odontology, University Hospitals Albert Chenevier, Louis Mourier and Bretonneau "National Rare Diseases Center Metabolism Phosphorus and Calcium" and Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - B Salmon
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France.,2 AP-HP, Departments of Odontology, University Hospitals Albert Chenevier, Louis Mourier and Bretonneau "National Rare Diseases Center Metabolism Phosphorus and Calcium" and Charles Foix, Paris, France.,5 AP-HP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Filière OSCAR, Paris, France
| | - R Jacobs
- 3 OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Chaussain
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France.,2 AP-HP, Departments of Odontology, University Hospitals Albert Chenevier, Louis Mourier and Bretonneau "National Rare Diseases Center Metabolism Phosphorus and Calcium" and Charles Foix, Paris, France.,5 AP-HP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Filière OSCAR, Paris, France
| | - S Opsahl-Vital
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France.,2 AP-HP, Departments of Odontology, University Hospitals Albert Chenevier, Louis Mourier and Bretonneau "National Rare Diseases Center Metabolism Phosphorus and Calcium" and Charles Foix, Paris, France.,5 AP-HP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Filière OSCAR, Paris, France
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236
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Morsczeck C, Hullmann M, Reck A, Reichert TE. The cell cycle regulator protein P16 and the cellular senescence of dental follicle cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 439:45-52. [PMID: 28770470 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a restricting factor for regenerative therapies with somatic stem cells. We showed previously that the onset of cellular senescence inhibits the osteogenic differentiation in stem cells of the dental follicle (DFCs), although the mechanism remains elusive. Two different pathways are involved in the induction of the cellular senescence, which are driven either by the cell cycle protein P21 or by the cell cycle protein P16. In this study, we investigated the expression of cell cycle proteins in DFCs after the induction of cellular senescence. The induction of cellular senescence was proved by an increased expression of β-galactosidase and an increased population doubling time after a prolonged cell culture. Cellular senescence regulated the expression of cell cycle proteins. The expression of cell cycle protein P16 was up-regulated, which correlates with the induction of cellular senescence markers in DFCs. However, the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)2 and 4 and the expression of the cell cycle protein P21 were successively decreased in DFCs. In conclusion, our data suggest that a P16-dependent pathway drives the induction of cellular senescence in DFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Morsczeck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Hullmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja Reck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Torsten E Reichert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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237
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Nakashima M, Iohara K. Recent Progress in Translation from Bench to a Pilot Clinical Study on Total Pulp Regeneration. J Endod 2017; 43:S82-S86. [PMID: 28778509 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on a preclinical bench study in dogs, a pilot clinical study was completed. Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) subsets were isolated by mobilization by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and expanded in good manufacturing practice conditions. The safety and efficacy of their autologous transplantation for total pulp regeneration was assessed in 5 patients with irreversible pulpitis. The quality control of the DPSC subsets was ensured by the absence of contamination and karyotype aberrations, and positive expression of stem cell markers. The clinical safety assessment was based on laboratory and radiographic evaluations, demonstrating no evidence of toxicity and adverse events. The efficacy was determined by the recovery of a sound positive response to the electric pulp test within 4 weeks and by the robust signal intensity of magnetic resonance imaging in the root canal at 24 weeks. The functional recovery of pulp tissue was determined by lateral mineralized tissue formation detected by cone beam computed tomography. This review presents a summary of the accumulating data in translation from bench to a pilot clinical study, demonstrating potential clinical utility of DPSC subsets for total pulp regeneration in endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Japan
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238
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Chitosan Biomaterials for Current and Potential Dental Applications. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10060602. [PMID: 28772963 PMCID: PMC5553419 DOI: 10.3390/ma10060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CHS) is a very versatile natural biomaterial that has been explored for a range of bio-dental applications. CHS has numerous favourable properties such as biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and a broad antibacterial spectrum (covering gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as fungi). In addition, the molecular structure boasts reactive functional groups that provide numerous reaction sites and opportunities for forging electrochemical relationships at the cellular and molecular levels. The unique properties of CHS have attracted materials scientists around the globe to explore it for bio-dental applications. This review aims to highlight and discuss the hype around the development of novel chitosan biomaterials. Utilizing chitosan as a critical additive for the modification and improvement of existing dental materials has also been discussed.
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