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Nolan ND, Cui X, Robbings BM, Demirkol A, Pandey K, Wu WH, Hu HF, Jenny LA, Lin CS, Hass DT, Du J, Hurley JB, Tsang SH. CRISPR editing of anti-anemia drug target rescues independent preclinical models of retinitis pigmentosa. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101459. [PMID: 38518771 PMCID: PMC11031380 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is one of the most common forms of hereditary neurodegeneration. It is caused by one or more of at least 3,100 mutations in over 80 genes that are primarily expressed in rod photoreceptors. In RP, the primary rod-death phase is followed by cone death, regardless of the underlying gene mutation that drove the initial rod degeneration. Dampening the oxidation of glycolytic end products in rod mitochondria enhances cone survival in divergent etiological disease models independent of the underlying rod-specific gene mutations. Therapeutic editing of the prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein gene (PHD2, also known as Egln1) in rod photoreceptors led to the sustained survival of both diseased rods and cones in both preclinical autosomal-recessive and dominant RP models. Adeno-associated virus-mediated CRISPR-based therapeutic reprogramming of the aerobic glycolysis node may serve as a gene-agnostic treatment for patients with various forms of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Nolan
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xuan Cui
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brian M Robbings
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Diabetes Institute, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aykut Demirkol
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA; Vocational School of Health Services, Uskudar University, 34672 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kriti Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Wu
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hannah F Hu
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laura A Jenny
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel T Hass
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26501, USA
| | - James B Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Wu-Baer F, Wong M, Tschoe L, Lin CS, Jiang W, Zha S, Baer R. ATM/ATR Phosphorylation of CtIP on Its Conserved Sae2-like Domain Is Required for Genotoxin-Induced DNA Resection but Dispensable for Animal Development. Cells 2023; 12:2762. [PMID: 38067190 PMCID: PMC10706839 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Homology-directed repair (HDR) of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) is dependent on enzymatic resection of DNA ends by the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex. DNA resection is triggered by the CtIP/Sae2 protein, which allosterically promotes Mre11-mediated endonuclease DNA cleavage at a position internal to the DSB. Although the mechanics of resection, including the initial endonucleolytic step, are largely conserved in eucaryotes, CtIP and its functional counterpart in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sae2) share only a modest stretch of amino acid homology. Nonetheless, this stretch contains two highly conserved phosphorylation sites for cyclin-dependent kinases (T843 in mouse) and the damage-induced ATM/ATR kinases (T855 in mouse), both of which are required for DNA resection. To explore the function of ATM/ATR phosphorylation at Ctip-T855, we generated and analyzed mice expressing the Ctip-T855A mutant. Surprisingly, unlike Ctip-null mice and Ctip-T843A-expressing mice, both of which undergo embryonic lethality, homozygous CtipT855A/T855A mice develop normally. Nonetheless, they are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation, and CtipT855A/T855A mouse embryo fibroblasts from these mice display marked defects in DNA resection, chromosomal stability, and HDR-mediated repair of DSBs. Thus, although ATM/ATR phosphorylation of CtIP-T855 is not required for normal animal development, it enhances CtIP-mediated DNA resection in response to acute stress, such as genotoxin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foon Wu-Baer
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (F.W.-B.); (M.W.); (L.T.); (W.J.); (S.Z.)
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Madeline Wong
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (F.W.-B.); (M.W.); (L.T.); (W.J.); (S.Z.)
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Lydia Tschoe
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (F.W.-B.); (M.W.); (L.T.); (W.J.); (S.Z.)
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wenxia Jiang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (F.W.-B.); (M.W.); (L.T.); (W.J.); (S.Z.)
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shan Zha
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (F.W.-B.); (M.W.); (L.T.); (W.J.); (S.Z.)
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard Baer
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (F.W.-B.); (M.W.); (L.T.); (W.J.); (S.Z.)
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Miura A, Sarmah H, Tanaka J, Hwang Y, Sawada A, Shimamura Y, Otoshi T, Kondo Y, Fang Y, Shimizu D, Ninish Z, Suer JL, Dubois NC, Davis J, Toyooka S, Wu J, Que J, Hawkins FJ, Lin CS, Mori M. Conditional blastocyst complementation of a defective Foxa2 lineage efficiently promotes the generation of the whole lung. eLife 2023; 12:e86105. [PMID: 37861292 PMCID: PMC10642968 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions suffer from incurable lung diseases, and the donor lung shortage hampers organ transplants. Generating the whole organ in conjunction with the thymus is a significant milestone for organ transplantation because the thymus is the central organ to educate immune cells. Using lineage-tracing mice and human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived lung-directed differentiation, we revealed that gastrulating Foxa2 lineage contributed to both lung mesenchyme and epithelium formation. Interestingly, Foxa2 lineage-derived cells in the lung mesenchyme progressively increased and occupied more than half of the mesenchyme niche, including endothelial cells, during lung development. Foxa2 promoter-driven, conditional Fgfr2 gene depletion caused the lung and thymus agenesis phenotype in mice. Wild-type donor mouse PSCs injected into their blastocysts rescued this phenotype by complementing the Fgfr2-defective niche in the lung epithelium and mesenchyme and thymic epithelium. Donor cell is shown to replace the entire lung epithelial and robust mesenchymal niche during lung development, efficiently complementing the nearly entire lung niche. Importantly, those mice survived until adulthood with normal lung function. These results suggest that our Foxa2 lineage-based model is unique for the progressive mobilization of donor cells into both epithelial and mesenchymal lung niches and thymus generation, which can provide critical insights into studying lung transplantation post-transplantation shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Miura
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Hemanta Sarmah
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Youngmin Hwang
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anri Sawada
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yuko Shimamura
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Takehiro Otoshi
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yuri Kondo
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yinshan Fang
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Zurab Ninish
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jake Le Suer
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical CenterBostonUnited States
| | - Nicole C Dubois
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Jianwen Que
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Finn J Hawkins
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical CenterBostonUnited States
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Munemasa Mori
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
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Lin CS, Cheng MS, Wu CJ, Lin KT. A Randomized Standard-of-Care Controlled Trial of Xenogeneic Platelet-Rich Plasma Lotion to Reduce Acute Radiation Dermatitis in Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S115. [PMID: 37784300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Breast cancer patients experience acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) during radiation therapy (RT). The Multinational Association for Supportive Cancer Care published clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of ARD in 2013, and mild bathing at the irradiated site is the standard health education. This study examined the prophylactic effect of the newly developed xenogeneic platelet-rich plasma (PRP) lotion on acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) for breast cancer patients. MATERIALS/METHODS Ductal carcinoma in situ and early-stage breast cancers were enrolled after breast conserving surgery. Hypo-fractionated whole breast irradiation (42.5 Gy in 16 fractions) followed by tumor bed boost (10 Gy in 5 fractions) was used. Patients were randomly assigned to the Standard of Care (SOC) group (n = 48) or the PRP lotion group (n = 52). In both groups, patients were educated with standard health education on topical skin care. In the PRP lotion group, patients were instructed to apply the provided lotion twice a day, starting from the first day of RT: the first application within 1 hour after the daily RT session, the second at bedtime, and continue during the weekends. Patients were instructed not to apply the lotion within 6 hours before daily RT. We recorded the following skin reaction every week during RT and two weeks after RT: ARD was graded following the RTOG definition by two radiation oncologists; Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Visual Analogue Scale for Pain (VAS Pain) were subjectively scored by patients to present patient-reported outcomes. The statistical software was used for all statistical analyses. RESULTS The patient characteristics in both groups were balanced except for a higher body mass index in the PRP lotion group. One patient did not complete RT in the SOC group due to pain intolerance. The severity of ARD grading in both groups is shown in Table. In comparison to the SOC group, the PRP lotion group demonstrated significantly reduced and delayed progression of ARD (p<0.01) and VAS Pain (p<0.01) during the whole RT course and two weeks after RT. The DLQI significantly improved at the 2nd week (p = 0.003), 3rd week (p = 0.01), 4th week (p<0.001), and the two weeks post-RT (p<0.001) period; however, this was not observed during the 1st week (p = 0.68). Similarly, the DLQI value progressively worsened two weeks after RT in the SOC group but not in the PRP lotion group. CONCLUSION This is the first study to use xenogeneic PRP lotion to prevent ARD clinically. The outcome of this study validated the prophylactic effects of xenogeneic PRP lotion on ARD, subsequently leading to an improved quality of life across the RT course.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M S Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C J Wu
- School of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - K T Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Inoue Y, Hsieh BH, Chen KH, Chu YK, Ito K, Kozakai C, Shishido T, Tomigami Y, Akutsu T, Haino S, Izumi K, Kajita T, Kanda N, Lin CS, Lin FK, Moriwaki Y, Ogaki W, Pang HF, Sawada T, Tomaru T, Suzuki T, Tsuchida S, Ushiba T, Washimi T, Yamamoto T, Yokozawa T. Development of advanced photon calibrator for Kamioka gravitational wave detector (KAGRA). Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:074502. [PMID: 37498166 DOI: 10.1063/5.0147888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The Kamioka Gravitational wave detector (KAGRA) cryogenic gravitational-wave observatory has commenced joint observations with the worldwide gravitational wave detector network. Precise calibration of the detector response is essential for accurately estimating parameters of gravitational wave sources. A photon calibrator is a crucial calibration tool used in laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory, Virgo, and KAGRA, and it was utilized in joint observation 3 with GEO600 in Germany in April 2020. In this paper, KAGRA implemented three key enhancements: a high-power laser, a power stabilization system, and remote beam position control. KAGRA employs a 20 W laser divided into two beams that are injected onto the mirror surface. By utilizing a high-power laser, the response of the detector at kHz frequencies can be calibrated. To independently control the power of each laser beam, an optical follower servo was installed for power stabilization. The optical path of the photon calibrator's beam positions was controlled using pico-motors, allowing for the characterization of the detector's rotation response. Additionally, a telephoto camera and quadrant photodetectors were installed to monitor beam positions, and beam position control was implemented to optimize the mirror response. In this paper, we discuss the statistical errors associated with the measurement of relative power noise. We also address systematic errors related to the power calibration model of the photon calibrator and the simulation of elastic deformation effects using finite element analysis. Ultimately, we have successfully reduced the total systematic error from the photon calibrator to 2.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Inoue
- Physics Department, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Center for High Energy and High Field Physics (CHiP), National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - B H Hsieh
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - K H Chen
- Physics Department, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Center for High Energy and High Field Physics (CHiP), National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Molecular Sciences and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, National Central University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Y K Chu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K Ito
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - C Kozakai
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Shishido
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - Y Tomigami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - T Akutsu
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 181-8588 Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K Izumi
- JAXA Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
| | - T Kajita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - N Kanda
- Physics Department, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - C S Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - F K Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y Moriwaki
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - W Ogaki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - H F Pang
- Physics Department, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Center for High Energy and High Field Physics (CHiP), National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - T Sawada
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - T Tomaru
- Physics Department, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Tsuchida
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - T Ushiba
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Washimi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Yokozawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
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Wang NK, Liu PK, Kong Y, Tseng YJ, Jenny LA, Nolan ND, Chen N, Wang HH, Hsu CW, Huang WC, Sparrow JR, Lin CS, Tsang SH. Spatiotemporal control of genome engineering in cone photoreceptors. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:119. [PMID: 37381060 PMCID: PMC10304375 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cones are essential for color recognition, high resolution, and central vision; therefore cone death causes blindness. Understanding the pathophysiology of each cell type in the retina is key to developing therapies for retinal diseases. However, studying the biology of cone cells in the rod-dominant mammalian retina is particularly challenging. In this study, we used a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) recombineering method to knock in the "CreERT2" sequence into the Gnat2 and Arr3 genes, respectively and generated three novel inducible CreERT2 mice with different cone cell specificities. RESULTS These models (Gnat2CreERT2, Arr3T2ACreERT2, and Arr3P2ACreERT2) express temporally controllable Cre recombinase that achieves conditional alleles in cone photoreceptors. Cre-LoxP recombination can be induced as early as postnatal day (PD) two upon tamoxifen injection at varying efficiencies, ranging from 10 to 15% in Gnat2CreERT2, 40% in Arr3T2ACreERT2, and 100% in Arr3P2ACreERT2. Notably, knocking in the P2A-CreERT2 cassette does not affect cone cell morphology and functionality. Most cone-phototransduction enzymes, including Opsins, CNGA3, etc. are not altered except for a reduction in the Arr3 transcript. CONCLUSIONS The Arr3P2ACreERT2 mouse, an inducible cone-specific Cre driver, is a valuable line in studying cone cell biology, function, as well as its relationship with rod and other retinal cells. Moreover, the Cre activity can be induced by delivering tamoxifen intragastrically as early as PD2, which will be useful for studying retinal development or in rapid degenerative mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Kai Wang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA.
| | - Pei-Kang Liu
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yang Kong
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yun-Ju Tseng
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Laura A Jenny
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nicholas D Nolan
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Nelson Chen
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Hung-Hsi Wang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Chun Wei Hsu
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wan-Chun Huang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Janet R Sparrow
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA.
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Luo N, Mosialou I, Capulli M, Bisikirska B, Lin CS, Huang YY, Shyu PT, Guo XE, Economides A, Mann JJ, Kousteni S. A neuronal action of sirtuin 1 suppresses bone mass in young and aging mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152868. [PMID: 36194488 DOI: 10.1172/jci152868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The various functions of the skeleton are influenced by extracellular cues, hormones and neurotransmitters. One type of neuronal regulation favors bone mass accrual by inhibiting sympathetic nervous system activity. This observation raises questions about the transcriptional mechanisms regulating catecholamine synthesis. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological studies we have found that the histone deacetylase SIRT1 is a transcriptional modulator of the neuronal control of bone mass. Neuronal SIRT1 reduced bone mass by increasing SNS signaling. SIRT1 did so by increasing expression of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), a SIRT1 target that reduces brain serotonin levels by inducing its catabolism, and by suppressing Tph2 expression and serotonin synthesis in the brainstem. SIRT1 upregulated brain catecholamine synthesis indirectly through serotonin but did not directly affect Dbh expression in the locus coeruleus. These results help understand skeletal changes associated with SSRIs and may have implications for treating skeletal and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Luo
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Ioanna Mosialou
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Mattia Capulli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Brygida Bisikirska
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Yung-Yu Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter Timothy Shyu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
| | - X Edward Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
| | - Aris Economides
- Skeletal Diseases TFA Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, New York, United States of America
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Stavroula Kousteni
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
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8
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Cui X, Kim HJ, Cheng CH, Jenny LA, Lima de Carvalho JR, Chang YJ, Kong Y, Hsu CW, Huang IW, Ragi SD, Lin CS, Li X, Sparrow JR, Tsang SH. Long-term vitamin A supplementation in a preclinical mouse model for RhoD190N-associated retinitis pigmentosa. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2438-2451. [PMID: 35195241 PMCID: PMC9307315 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is caused by one of many possible gene mutations. The National Institutes of Health recommends high daily doses of vitamin A palmitate for RP patients. There is a critical knowledge gap surrounding the therapeutic applicability of vitamin A to patients with the different subtypes of the disease. Here, we present a case report of a patient with RP caused by a p.D190N mutation in Rhodopsin (RHO) associated with abnormally high quantitative autofluorescence values after long-term vitamin A supplementation. We investigated the effects of vitamin A treatment strategy on RP caused by the p.D190N mutation in RHO by exposing Rhodopsin p.D190N (RhoD190N/+) and wild-type (WT) mice to experimental vitamin A-supplemented and standard control diets. The patient's case suggests that the vitamin A treatment strategy should be further studied to determine its effect on RP caused by p.D190N mutation in RHO and other mutations. Our mouse experiments revealed that RhoD190N/+ mice on the vitamin A diet exhibited higher levels of autofluorescence and lipofuscin metabolites compared to WT mice on the same diet and isogenic controls on the standard control diet. Vitamin A supplementation diminished photoreceptor function in RhoD190N/+ mice while preserving cone response in WT mice. Our findings highlight the importance of more investigations into the efficacy of clinical treatments like vitamin A for patients with certain genetic subtypes of disease and of genotyping in the precision care of inherited retinal degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cui
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, and the Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300384, China
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chia-Hua Cheng
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, and the Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laura A Jenny
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, and the Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jose Ronaldo Lima de Carvalho
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, and the Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ya-Ju Chang
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, and the Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yang Kong
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, and the Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Hsu
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, and the Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - I-Wen Huang
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, and the Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sara D Ragi
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, and the Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiaorong Li
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Janet R Sparrow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, and the Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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9
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Shen TH, Stauber J, Xu K, Jacunski A, Paragas N, Callahan M, Banlengchit R, Levitman AD, Desanti De Oliveira B, Beenken A, Grau MS, Mathieu E, Zhang Q, Li Y, Gopal T, Askanase N, Arumugam S, Mohan S, Good PI, Stevens JS, Lin F, Sia SK, Lin CS, D’Agati V, Kiryluk K, Tatonetti NP, Barasch J. Snapshots of nascent RNA reveal cell- and stimulus-specific responses to acute kidney injury. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e146374. [PMID: 35230973 PMCID: PMC8986083 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current strategy to detect acute injury of kidney tubular cells relies on changes in serum levels of creatinine. Yet serum creatinine (sCr) is a marker of both functional and pathological processes and does not adequately assay tubular injury. In addition, sCr may require days to reach diagnostic thresholds, yet tubular cells respond with programs of damage and repair within minutes or hours. To detect acute responses to clinically relevant stimuli, we created mice expressing Rosa26-floxed-stop uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (Uprt) and inoculated 4-thiouracil (4-TU) to tag nascent RNA at selected time points. Cre-driven 4-TU-tagged RNA was isolated from intact kidneys and demonstrated that volume depletion and ischemia induced different genetic programs in collecting ducts and intercalated cells. Even lineage-related cell types expressed different genes in response to the 2 stressors. TU tagging also demonstrated the transient nature of the responses. Because we placed Uprt in the ubiquitously active Rosa26 locus, nascent RNAs from many cell types can be tagged in vivo and their roles interrogated under various conditions. In short, 4-TU labeling identifies stimulus-specific, cell-specific, and time-dependent acute responses that are otherwise difficult to detect with other technologies and are entirely obscured when sCr is the sole metric of kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexandra Jacunski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Neal Paragas
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sumit Mohan
- Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Epidemiology
| | | | | | | | | | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vivette D’Agati
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Bekdash R, Quejada JR, Ueno S, Kawano F, Morikawa K, Klein AD, Matsumoto K, Lee TC, Nakanishi K, Chalan A, Lee TM, Liu R, Homma S, Lin CS, Yelshanskaya MV, Sobolevsky AI, Goda K, Yazawa M. GEM-IL: A highly responsive fluorescent lactate indicator. Cell Rep Methods 2021; 1:100092. [PMID: 35475001 PMCID: PMC9017230 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lactate metabolism has been shown to have increasingly important implications in cellular functions as well as in the development and pathophysiology of disease. The various roles as a signaling molecule and metabolite have led to interest in establishing a new method to detect lactate changes in live cells. Here we report our development of a genetically encoded metabolic indicator specifically for probing lactate (GEM-IL) based on superfolder fluorescent proteins and mutagenesis. With improvements in its design, specificity, and sensitivity, GEM-IL allows new applications compared with the previous lactate indicators, Laconic and Green Lindoblum. We demonstrate the functionality of GEM-IL to detect differences in lactate changes in human oncogenic neural progenitor cells and mouse primary ventricular myocytes. The development and application of GEM-IL show promise for enhancing our understanding of lactate dynamics and roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsey Bekdash
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, BB1108/BB1109D, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jose R. Quejada
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, BB1108/BB1109D, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shunnosuke Ueno
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, BB1108/BB1109D, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Fuun Kawano
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, BB1108/BB1109D, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kumi Morikawa
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, BB1108/BB1109D, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alison D. Klein
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, BB1108/BB1109D, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tetz C. Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Koki Nakanishi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amy Chalan
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, BB1108/BB1109D, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Teresa M. Lee
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shunichi Homma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Transgenic Mouse Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maria V. Yelshanskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander I. Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Masayuki Yazawa
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, BB1108/BB1109D, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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11
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Tate T, Xiang T, Wobker SE, Zhou M, Chen X, Kim H, Batourina E, Lin CS, Kim WY, Lu C, Mckiernan JM, Mendelsohn CL. Pparg signaling controls bladder cancer subtype and immune exclusion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6160. [PMID: 34697317 PMCID: PMC8545976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pparg, a nuclear receptor, is downregulated in basal subtype bladder cancers that tend to be muscle invasive and amplified in luminal subtype bladder cancers that tend to be non-muscle invasive. Bladder cancers derive from the urothelium, one of the most quiescent epithelia in the body, which is composed of basal, intermediate, and superficial cells. We find that expression of an activated form of Pparg (VP16;Pparg) in basal progenitors induces formation of superficial cells in situ, that exit the cell cycle, and do not form tumors. Expression in basal progenitors that have been activated by mild injury however, results in luminal tumor formation. We find that these tumors are immune deserted, which may be linked to down-regulation of Nf-kb, a Pparg target. Interestingly, some luminal tumors begin to shift to basal subtype tumors with time, down-regulating Pparg and other luminal markers. Our findings have important implications for treatment and diagnosis of bladder cancer. PPARg is differentially expressed in bladder cancer subtypes. Here, the authors show in mice that when an activated form of PPARg is expressed in basal bladder cells tumours do not form, however in the presence of injury the basal cells differentiate into luminal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Tate
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tina Xiang
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sarah E Wobker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mi Zhou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ekatherina Batourina
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Transgenic Mouse Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - William Y Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - James M Mckiernan
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Cathy Lee Mendelsohn
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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12
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Wang NK, Liu PK, Kong Y, Levi SR, Huang WC, Hsu CW, Wang HH, Chen N, Tseng YJ, Quinn PMJ, Tai MH, Lin CS, Tsang SH. Mouse Models of Achromatopsia in Addressing Temporal "Point of No Return" in Gene-Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8069. [PMID: 34360834 PMCID: PMC8347118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Achromatopsia is characterized by amblyopia, photophobia, nystagmus, and color blindness. Previous animal models of achromatopsia have shown promising results using gene augmentation to restore cone function. However, the optimal therapeutic window to elicit recovery remains unknown. Here, we attempted two rounds of gene augmentation to generate recoverable mouse models of achromatopsia including a Cnga3 model with a knock-in stop cassette in intron 5 using Easi-CRISPR (Efficient additions with ssDNA inserts-CRISPR) and targeted embryonic stem (ES) cells. This model demonstrated that only 20% of CNGA3 levels in homozygotes derived from target ES cells remained, as compared to normal CNGA3 levels. Despite the low percentage of remaining protein, the knock-in mouse model continued to generate normal cone phototransduction. Our results showed that a small amount of normal CNGA3 protein is sufficient to form "functional" CNG channels and achieve physiological demand for proper cone phototransduction. Thus, it can be concluded that mutating the Cnga3 locus to disrupt the functional tetrameric CNG channels may ultimately require more potent STOP cassettes to generate a reversible achromatopsia mouse model. Our data also possess implications for future CNGA3-associated achromatopsia clinical trials, whereby restoration of only 20% functional CNGA3 protein may be sufficient to form functional CNG channels and thus rescue cone response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (N.-K.W.); (P.-K.L.); (Y.K.); (S.R.L.); (W.-C.H.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-H.W.); (N.C.); (P.M.J.Q.)
| | - Pei-Kang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (N.-K.W.); (P.-K.L.); (Y.K.); (S.R.L.); (W.-C.H.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-H.W.); (N.C.); (P.M.J.Q.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yang Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (N.-K.W.); (P.-K.L.); (Y.K.); (S.R.L.); (W.-C.H.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-H.W.); (N.C.); (P.M.J.Q.)
| | - Sarah R. Levi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (N.-K.W.); (P.-K.L.); (Y.K.); (S.R.L.); (W.-C.H.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-H.W.); (N.C.); (P.M.J.Q.)
| | - Wan-Chun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (N.-K.W.); (P.-K.L.); (Y.K.); (S.R.L.); (W.-C.H.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-H.W.); (N.C.); (P.M.J.Q.)
| | - Chun-Wei Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (N.-K.W.); (P.-K.L.); (Y.K.); (S.R.L.); (W.-C.H.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-H.W.); (N.C.); (P.M.J.Q.)
| | - Hung-Hsi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (N.-K.W.); (P.-K.L.); (Y.K.); (S.R.L.); (W.-C.H.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-H.W.); (N.C.); (P.M.J.Q.)
| | - Nelson Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (N.-K.W.); (P.-K.L.); (Y.K.); (S.R.L.); (W.-C.H.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-H.W.); (N.C.); (P.M.J.Q.)
| | - Yun-Ju Tseng
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (Y.-J.T.); (C.-S.L.)
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter M. J. Quinn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (N.-K.W.); (P.-K.L.); (Y.K.); (S.R.L.); (W.-C.H.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-H.W.); (N.C.); (P.M.J.Q.)
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Graduate Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (Y.-J.T.); (C.-S.L.)
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen H. Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (N.-K.W.); (P.-K.L.); (Y.K.); (S.R.L.); (W.-C.H.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-H.W.); (N.C.); (P.M.J.Q.)
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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13
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Lin CC, Lai CH, Lin WS, Lin CS. Severe myocardial bridge presenting as paroxysmal atrioventricular block. J Postgrad Med 2021; 67:171-173. [PMID: 33835057 PMCID: PMC8445129 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_1027_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chest pain complicated with electrocardiographic changes is not an uncommon scenario in emergency departments, which should be examined cautiously. We describe a 51-years-old man with a myocardial bridge of coronary artery presenting with simultaneous Mobitz type I atrioventricular block on electrocardiography. Echocardiography excluded valvular abnormality and systolic/diastolic dysfunction. Coronary angiography confirmed the diagnosis of a myocardial bridge at the middle segment of the left anterior descending artery, involving the most dominant septal perforator branch with marked systolic compression. The patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery and was followed up uneventfully at the outpatient department with medical treatment of diltiazem and clopidogrel. The present case is being reported to highlight that clinicians should be alert to such a congenital abnormality as a potential cause of repeated myocardial infarction and conduction abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- CC Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - CH Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - WS Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - CS Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
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14
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Delgado AC, Maldonado-Soto AR, Silva-Vargas V, Mizrak D, von Känel T, Tan KR, Paul A, Madar A, Cuervo H, Kitajewski J, Lin CS, Doetsch F. Release of stem cells from quiescence reveals gliogenic domains in the adult mouse brain. Science 2021; 372:1205-1209. [PMID: 34112692 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg8467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mouse ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) undergo activation to generate neurons and some glia. Here we show that platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) is expressed by adult V-SVZ NSCs that generate olfactory bulb interneurons and glia. Selective deletion of PDGFRβ in adult V-SVZ NSCs leads to their release from quiescence, uncovering gliogenic domains for different glial cell types. These domains are also recruited upon injury. We identify an intraventricular oligodendrocyte progenitor derived from NSCs inside the brain ventricles that contacts supraependymal axons. Together, our findings reveal that the adult V-SVZ contains spatial domains for gliogenesis, in addition to those for neurogenesis. These gliogenic NSC domains tend to be quiescent under homeostasis and may contribute to brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dogukan Mizrak
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kelly R Tan
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Paul
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aviv Madar
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henar Cuervo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fiona Doetsch
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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15
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Li JG, Zeng GF, Zeng YF, Li YT, Ning G, Lin CS, Zhang XH, Gao ZL. [Effects of direct antiviral agent on the frequency of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their activating factors sCD14s and CD163 in patients with chronic hepatitis C]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2020; 28:1018-1022. [PMID: 34865349 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.zissn.1007-3418.2020.0819.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effects of direct antiviral agent (DAAs) on the frequency of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their activating factors sCD14s and CD163 in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Methods: Data of 15 treatment-naive chronic hepatitis C patients and 10 healthy controls were collected. Patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated with DAAs for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected at 0, 4 and 12 weeks respectively, and blood samples of healthy controls were used as controls. Flow cytometry was used to detect the frequency of classical CD14(++)CD16(-) mononuclear cells and pro-inflammatory CD14(+)CD16(+) mononuclear cells in peripheral blood. Serum sCD14s and sCD163 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The comparison between the two groups was performed by t-test. The comparison between multiple groups was performed by analysis of variance, and further pairwise comparison was performed by LSD-t test. Results: Prior DAAs treatment, peripheral blood CD14(+)CD16(+) mononuclear cell frequency (18.49% ± 1.54% vs. 10.65% ± 0.83%), serum sCD14s [(64 407.38 ± 5778.49) pg/ml vs. (28 370.76 ± 2 357.68 ) pg/ml] and sCD163 [(22 853.80 ± 4 137.61) pg/ml vs. (2 934.41 ± 223.31) pg/ml] were all higher than healthy controls (P < 0.05), while the frequency of CD14(++)CD16(-) mononuclear cells in peripheral blood was lower than healthy controls (59.14%±0.54% vs. 72.75%±1.31%, P < 0.01). During DAAs treatment, CD14(+)CD16(+) mononuclear cells frequency, serum sCD14 and sCD163 were all decreased significantly. After 12 weeks of treatment, CD14(+)CD16(+) mononuclear cells had decreased to nearly normal level (12.42% ± 1.60% vs. 10.65% ± 0.83%, P > 0.05), and serum sCD14 and scd163 were still higher than those of healthy controls [sCD14: (44 390.06 ± 3 330.17) pg / ml vs. (28 370.76 ± 2 357.68) pg/ml, Scd163: (11 494.79 ± 1 836.97) pg / ml vs. (2 934.41 ± 223.31) pg / ml, P < 0.01], while the frequency of CD14(++)CD16(-)mononuclear cells had gradually increased during the course of treatment and neared healthy control level after 12 weeks of treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (71.54) % ± 2.99% vs. 72.75% ± 1.31%, P > 0.05). Conclusion: DAAs therapy can reduce the activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - G F Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Y F Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Y T Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - G Ning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - C S Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - X H Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Z L Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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16
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Chang CH, Lin CS, Ho CL. Isolated intracardiac recurrence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma successfully treated with rituximab and bendamustine chemotherapy regimen. J Postgrad Med 2020; 66:176-177. [PMID: 32675458 PMCID: PMC7542051 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_683_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CH Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - CS Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - CL Ho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail:
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17
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Morikawa K, Furuhashi K, de Sena-Tomas C, Garcia-Garcia AL, Bekdash R, Klein AD, Gallerani N, Yamamoto HE, Park SHE, Collins GS, Kawano F, Sato M, Lin CS, Targoff KL, Au E, Salling MC, Yazawa M. Photoactivatable Cre recombinase 3.0 for in vivo mouse applications. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2141. [PMID: 32358538 PMCID: PMC7195411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic genome engineering tools enable spatiotemporal control of gene expression and provide new insight into biological function. Here, we report the new version of genetically encoded photoactivatable (PA) Cre recombinase, PA-Cre 3.0. To improve PA-Cre technology, we compare light-dimerization tools and optimize for mammalian expression using a CAG promoter, Magnets, and 2A self-cleaving peptide. To prevent background recombination caused by the high sequence similarity in the dimerization domains, we modify the codons for mouse gene targeting and viral production. Overall, these modifications significantly reduce dark leak activity and improve blue-light induction developing our new version, PA-Cre 3.0. As a resource, we have generated and validated AAV-PA-Cre 3.0 as well as two mouse lines that can conditionally express PA-Cre 3.0. Together these new tools will facilitate further biological and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Morikawa
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furuhashi
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Carmen de Sena-Tomas
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Alvaro L Garcia-Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ramsey Bekdash
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Alison D Klein
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nicholas Gallerani
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hannah E Yamamoto
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Barnard College, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Seon-Hye E Park
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-911, USA
| | - Grant S Collins
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Fuun Kawano
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moritoshi Sato
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Transgenic Mouse Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kimara L Targoff
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Edmund Au
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative Scholar, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michael C Salling
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Masayuki Yazawa
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
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18
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Mori M, Furuhashi K, Danielsson JA, Hirata Y, Kakiuchi M, Lin CS, Ohta M, Riccio P, Takahashi Y, Xu X, Emala CW, Lu C, Nakauchi H, Cardoso WV. Generation of functional lungs via conditional blastocyst complementation using pluripotent stem cells. Nat Med 2019; 25:1691-1698. [PMID: 31700187 PMCID: PMC9169232 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide with incurable end-stage lung disease die because of inadequate treatment options and limited availability of donor organs for lung transplantation1. Current bioengineering strategies to regenerate the lung have not been able to replicate its extraordinary cellular diversity and complex three-dimensional arrangement, which are indispensable for life-sustaining gas exchange2,3. Here we report the successful generation of functional lungs in mice through a conditional blastocyst complementation (CBC) approach that vacates a specific niche in chimeric hosts and allows for initiation of organogenesis by donor mouse pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). We show that wild-type donor PSCs rescued lung formation in genetically defective recipient mouse embryos unable to specify (due to Ctnnb1cnull mutation) or expand (due to Fgfr2cnull mutation) early respiratory endodermal progenitors. Rescued neonates survived into adulthood and had lungs functionally indistinguishable from those of wild-type littermates. Efficient chimera formation and lung complementation required newly developed culture conditions that maintained the developmental potential of the donor PSCs and were associated with global DNA hypomethylation and increased H4 histone acetylation. These results pave the way for the development of new strategies for generating lungs in large animals to enable modeling of human lung disease as well as cell-based therapeutic interventions4-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munemasa Mori
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kazuhiro Furuhashi
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer A Danielsson
- Department of Anethesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuichi Hirata
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miwako Kakiuchi
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mayu Ohta
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Riccio
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xinjing Xu
- Department of Genetics and Development and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anethesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Development and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Xiao LL, Lin CS, Chen S, Liu Y, Fu BM, Yan WW. Effects of red blood cell aggregation on the blood flow in a symmetrical stenosed microvessel. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 19:159-171. [PMID: 31297646 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to figure out whether red blood cell (RBC) aggregation is beneficial or deleterious for the blood flow through a stenosis, fluid mechanics of a microvascular stenosis was examined through simulating the dynamics of deformable red blood cells suspended in plasma using dissipative particle dynamics. The spatial variation in time-averaged cell-free layer (CFL) thickness and velocity profiles indicated that the blood flow exhibits asymmetry along the flow direction. The RBC accumulation occurs upstream the stenosis, leading to a thinner CFL and reduced flow velocity. Therefore, the emergence of stenosis produces an increased blood flow resistance. In addition, an enhanced Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect was observed in the presence of the stenosis. Finally, the effect of RBC aggregation combined with decreased stenosis on the blood flow was investigated. The findings showed that when the RBC clusters pass through the stenosis with a throat comparable to the RBC core in diameter, the blood flow resistance decreases with increasing intercellular interaction strength. But if the RBC core is larger and even several times than the throat, the blood flow resistance increases largely under strong RBC aggregation, which may contribute to the mechanism of the microthrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Xiao
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China.
| | - C S Lin
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Chen
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - B M Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - W W Yan
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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He L, Zhou J, Chen M, Lin CS, Kim SG, Zhou Y, Xiang L, Xie M, Bai H, Yao H, Shi C, Coelho PG, Bromage TG, Hu B, Tovar N, Witek L, Wu J, Chen K, Gu W, Zheng J, Sheu TJ, Zhong J, Wen J, Niu Y, Cheng B, Gong Q, Owens DM, Stanislauskas M, Pei J, Chotkowski G, Wang S, Yang G, Zegarelli DJ, Shi X, Finkel M, Zhang W, Li J, Cheng J, Tarnow DP, Zhou X, Wang Z, Jiang X, Romanov A, Rowe DW, Wang S, Ye L, Ling J, Mao J. Parenchymal and stromal tissue regeneration of tooth organ by pivotal signals reinstated in decellularized matrix. Nat Mater 2019; 18:627-637. [PMID: 31114073 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells are transplanted to regenerate an organs' parenchyma, but how transplanted parenchymal cells induce stromal regeneration is elusive. Despite the common use of a decellularized matrix, little is known as to the pivotal signals that must be restored for tissue or organ regeneration. We report that Alx3, a developmentally important gene, orchestrated adult parenchymal and stromal regeneration by directly transactivating Wnt3a and vascular endothelial growth factor. In contrast to the modest parenchyma formed by native adult progenitors, Alx3-restored cells in decellularized scaffolds not only produced vascularized stroma that involved vascular endothelial growth factor signalling, but also parenchymal dentin via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In an orthotopic large-animal model following parenchyma and stroma ablation, Wnt3a-recruited endogenous cells regenerated neurovascular stroma and differentiated into parenchymal odontoblast-like cells that extended the processes into newly formed dentin with a structure-mechanical equivalency to native dentin. Thus, the Alx3-Wnt3a axis enables postnatal progenitors with a modest innate regenerative capacity to regenerate adult tissues. Depleted signals in the decellularized matrix may be reinstated by a developmentally pivotal gene or corresponding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sahng G Kim
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lusai Xiang
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanying Bai
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hai Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Changcheng Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy G Bromage
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nick Tovar
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiaqian Wu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenian Chen
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinxuan Zheng
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tzong-Jen Sheu
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Juan Zhong
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Niu
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Cheng
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qimei Gong
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David M Owens
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jasmine Pei
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sainan Wang
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guodong Yang
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Xin Shi
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Wen Zhang
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA.,Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyuan Li
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiayi Cheng
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis P Tarnow
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zuolin Wang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alexander Romanov
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David W Rowe
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health Science Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jeremy Mao
- Columbia University, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Physician and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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Sancho-Pelluz J, Cui X, Lee W, Tsai YT, Wu WH, Justus S, Washington I, Hsu CW, Park KS, Koch S, Velez G, Bassuk AG, Mahajan VB, Lin CS, Tsang SH. Mechanisms of neurodegeneration in a preclinical autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa knock-in model with a Rho D190N mutation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3657-3665. [PMID: 30976840 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
D190N, a missense mutation in rhodopsin, causes photoreceptor degeneration in patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). Two competing hypotheses have been developed to explain why D190N rod photoreceptors degenerate: (a) defective rhodopsin trafficking prevents proteins from correctly exiting the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to their accumulation, with deleterious effects or (b) elevated mutant rhodopsin expression and unabated signaling causes excitotoxicity. A knock-in D190N mouse model was engineered to delineate the mechanism of pathogenesis. Wild type (wt) and mutant rhodopsin appeared correctly localized in rod outer segments of D190N heterozygotes. Moreover, the rhodopsin glycosylation state in the mutants appeared similar to that in wt mice. Thus, it seems plausible that the injurious effect of the heterozygous mutation is not related to mistrafficking of the protein, but rather from constitutive rhodopsin activity and a greater propensity for chromophore isomerization even in the absence of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sancho-Pelluz
- Neurobiología y Neurofisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 635 West 165th St, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xuan Cui
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 635 West 165th St, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, The College of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Winston Lee
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 635 West 165th St, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 635 West 165th St, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Institute of Human Nutrition and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Wu
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 635 West 165th St, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Institute of Human Nutrition and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sally Justus
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 635 West 165th St, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilyas Washington
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 635 West 165th St, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Hsu
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 635 West 165th St, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Karen Sophia Park
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 635 West 165th St, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Susanne Koch
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 635 West 165th St, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Institute of Human Nutrition and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel Velez
- Omics Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Omics Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 635 West 165th St, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Institute of Human Nutrition and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Wei JY, Lin DN, Wu ZB, Zhu JY, Zhao ZX, Mei YY, Lin CS, Zhang J, Zhang XH. [Safety and efficacy of DCV-based DAAs therapy for chronic HCV infection in China]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2019; 26:933-939. [PMID: 30669787 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DCV-based DAAs therapy for chronic HCV infected Chinese patients. Methods: An open-label, non-randomized, prospective study was designed. Fifty-two patients with chronic HCV infection were enrolled. Among them, there was one patient after liver transplantation, 2 patients after kidney transplantation, 3 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 4 patients with HBV infection. Thirteen cases with chronic hepatitis C (one compensated cirrhosis) who were negative for resistance-related variants [NS5A RAS (-)] of gene 1b and NS5A were treated with daclatasvir (DCV) + asunaprevir (ASV) for 24 weeks. Twenty-five cases of CHC (six compensated cirrhosis) with GT 1b, 2a, 3a, 3b, 6a were treated with DCV + SOF ± RBV for 24 weeks. 8 cases with decompensated cirrhosis of gene 1b and NS5A RAS(-) were given DCV + SOF + RBV regimen for 12 weeks. Six cases with decompensated cirrhosis, of gene 2a, 1b, 2a, 3a, 3b, were given DCV + SOF + RBV regimen for 24 weeks. HCV RNA, blood routine test, liver and kidney function, and upper abdominal ultrasound/MRI were measured at baseline, 4 weeks of treatment, end of treatment, and 12 weeks of follow-up. The incidence of adverse events and laboratory abnormalities during treatment were recorded. A t-test was used to compare the measurement data between two groups, and analysis of variance was used to compare the measurement data between multiple groups. Results: Sixteen patients (100%) achieved SVR12 after treatment, with 0% recurrence rate. Rapid virological response (RVR) of the four treatment regimens were 76.92%, 54.17%, 87.50%, and 83.33%, respectively, and 32 patients achieved 100% virological response after the completion of treatment. The incidence of adverse events of chronic hepatitis C with cirrhosis and decompensated cirrhosis was 62.5% and 64.29%, respectively. The most common adverse event was fatigue in CHC (25.00%), and elevated indirect bilirubin in decompensated cirrhosis (42.86%). No serious adverse drug events, deaths or adverse reactions occurred. Conclusion: DCV-based DAAs regimen is promising option for the treatment of HCV genotypes, compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and HCV infection after liver/kidney transplantation in china. Above all, it has high SVR12 with good tolerability and safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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23
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Abstract
We report a 49-year-old woman who presented with a hypertensive crisis and acute heart failure and reduced left ventricular systolic function. An abdominal ultrasonography revealed a huge lobulated heterogeneous mass at the lower pole of the right kidney and a mass over the left suprarenal area, which were further delineated by magnetic resonance imaging. The patient underwent laparoscopic right radical nephrectomy and left adrenalectomy. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnoses of clear cell renal cell carcinoma of the right kidney with metastasis to the lung; and atypical pheochromocytoma of the left adrenal gland. Target therapy was initiated, which resulted in stabilization of the patient's tumors and the recovery of her heart function. To avoid a delayed diagnosis and catastrophic outcome, clinicians should consider such rare causes of acute decompensated heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Chen
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S T Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y C Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C S Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Billing D, Horiguchi M, Wu-Baer F, Taglialatela A, Leuzzi G, Nanez SA, Jiang W, Zha S, Szabolcs M, Lin CS, Ciccia A, Baer R. The BRCT Domains of the BRCA1 and BARD1 Tumor Suppressors Differentially Regulate Homology-Directed Repair and Stalled Fork Protection. Mol Cell 2018; 72:127-139.e8. [PMID: 30244837 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The BRCA1 tumor suppressor preserves genome integrity through both homology-directed repair (HDR) and stalled fork protection (SFP). In vivo, BRCA1 exists as a heterodimer with the BARD1 tumor suppressor, and both proteins harbor a phosphate-binding BRCT domain. Here, we compare mice with mutations that ablate BRCT phospho-recognition by Bard1 (Bard1S563F and Bard1K607A) or Brca1 (Brca1S1598F). Brca1S1598F abrogates both HDR and SFP, suggesting that both pathways are likely impaired in most BRCA1 mutant tumors. Although not affecting HDR, the Bard1 mutations ablate poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent recruitment of BRCA1/BARD1 to stalled replication forks, resulting in fork degradation and chromosome instability. Nonetheless, Bard1S563F/S563F and Bard1K607A/K607A mice, unlike Brca1S1598F/S1598F mice, are not tumor prone, indicating that HDR alone is sufficient to suppress tumor formation in the absence of SFP. Nevertheless, because SFP, unlike HDR, is also impaired in heterozygous Brca1/Bard1 mutant cells, SFP and HDR may contribute to distinct stages of tumorigenesis in BRCA1/BARD1 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Billing
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michiko Horiguchi
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Foon Wu-Baer
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Angelo Taglialatela
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Giuseppe Leuzzi
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Silvia Alvarez Nanez
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wenxia Jiang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shan Zha
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthias Szabolcs
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard Baer
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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25
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Tsai YT, Wu WH, Lee TT, Wu WP, Xu CL, Park KS, Cui X, Justus S, Lin CS, Jauregui R, Su PY, Tsang SH. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Based Genome Surgery for the Treatment of Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa. Ophthalmology 2018; 125:1421-1430. [PMID: 29759820 PMCID: PMC6109419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a universal gene therapy to overcome the genetic heterogeneity in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) resulting from mutations in rhodopsin (RHO). DESIGN Experimental study for a combination gene therapy that uses both gene ablation and gene replacement. PARTICIPANTS This study included 2 kinds of human RHO mutation knock-in mouse models: RhoP23H and RhoD190N. In total, 23 RhoP23H/P23H, 43 RhoP23H/+, and 31 RhoD190N/+ mice were used for analysis. METHODS This study involved gene therapy using dual adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) that (1) destroy expression of the endogenous Rho gene in a mutation-independent manner via an improved clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-based gene deletion and (2) enable expression of wild-type protein via exogenous cDNA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Electroretinographic and histologic analysis. RESULTS The thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) after the subretinal injection of combination ablate-and-replace gene therapy was approximately 17% to 36% more than the ONL thickness resulting from gene replacement-only therapy at 3 months after AAV injection. Furthermore, electroretinography results demonstrated that the a and b waves of both RhoP23H and RhoD190N disease models were preserved more significantly using ablate-and-replace gene therapy (P < 0.001), but not by gene replacement monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS As a proof of concept, our results suggest that the ablate-and-replace strategy can ameliorate disease progression as measured by photoreceptor structure and function for both of the human mutation knock-in models. These results demonstrate the potency of the ablate-and-replace strategy to treat RP caused by different Rho mutations. Furthermore, because ablate-and-replace treatment is mutation independent, this strategy may be used to treat a wide array of dominant diseases in ophthalmology and other fields. Clinical trials using ablate-and-replace gene therapy would allow researchers to determine if this strategy provides any benefits for patients with diseases of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Tsai
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Wen-Hsuan Wu
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ting-Ting Lee
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Wei-Pu Wu
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Christine L Xu
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Karen S Park
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Xuan Cui
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sally Justus
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ruben Jauregui
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Pei-Yin Su
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
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26
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Wu WH, Tsai YT, Justus S, Cho GY, Sengillo JD, Xu Y, Cabral T, Lin CS, Bassuk AG, Mahajan VB, Tsang SH. CRISPR Repair Reveals Causative Mutation in a Preclinical Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Brief Methodology. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1715:191-205. [PMID: 29188514 PMCID: PMC9119419 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7522-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering is currently the leading genome surgery technology in most genetics laboratories. Combined with other complementary techniques, it serves as a powerful tool for uncovering genotype-phenotype correlations. Here, we describe a simplified protocol that was used in our publication, CRISPR Repair Reveals Causative Mutation in a Preclinical Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa, providing an overview of each section of the experimental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Wu
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sally Justus
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Galaxy Y Cho
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesse D Sengillo
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Yu Xu
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Thiago Cabral
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Omics Laboratory, Stanford University , Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University , Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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27
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Raiteri CM, Villata M, Acosta-Pulido JA, Agudo I, Arkharov AA, Bachev R, Baida GV, Benítez E, Borman GA, Boschin W, Bozhilov V, Butuzova MS, Calcidese P, Carnerero MI, Carosati D, Casadio C, Castro-Segura N, Chen WP, Damljanovic G, D'Ammando F, Di Paola A, Echevarría J, Efimova NV, Ehgamberdiev SA, Espinosa C, Fuentes A, Giunta A, Gómez JL, Grishina TS, Gurwell MA, Hiriart D, Jermak H, Jordan B, Jorstad SG, Joshi M, Kopatskaya EN, Kuratov K, Kurtanidze OM, Kurtanidze SO, Lähteenmäki A, Larionov VM, Larionova EG, Larionova LV, Lázaro C, Lin CS, Malmrose MP, Marscher AP, Matsumoto K, McBreen B, Michel R, Mihov B, Minev M, Mirzaqulov DO, Mokrushina AA, Molina SN, Moody JW, Morozova DA, Nazarov SV, Nikolashvili MG, Ohlert JM, Okhmat DN, Ovcharov E, Pinna F, Polakis TA, Protasio C, Pursimo T, Redondo-Lorenzo FJ, Rizzi N, Rodriguez-Coira G, Sadakane K, Sadun AC, Samal MR, Savchenko SS, Semkov E, Skiff BA, Slavcheva-Mihova L, Smith PS, Steele IA, Strigachev A, Tammi J, Thum C, Tornikoski M, Troitskaya YV, Troitsky IS, Vasilyev AA, Vince O. Blazar spectral variability as explained by a twisted inhomogeneous jet. Nature 2017; 552:374-377. [PMID: 29211720 DOI: 10.1038/nature24623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Blazars are active galactic nuclei, which are powerful sources of radiation whose central engine is located in the core of the host galaxy. Blazar emission is dominated by non-thermal radiation from a jet that moves relativistically towards us, and therefore undergoes Doppler beaming. This beaming causes flux enhancement and contraction of the variability timescales, so that most blazars appear as luminous sources characterized by noticeable and fast changes in brightness at all frequencies. The mechanism that produces this unpredictable variability is under debate, but proposed mechanisms include injection, acceleration and cooling of particles, with possible intervention of shock waves or turbulence. Changes in the viewing angle of the observed emitting knots or jet regions have also been suggested as an explanation of flaring events and can also explain specific properties of blazar emission, such as intra-day variability, quasi-periodicity and the delay of radio flux variations relative to optical changes. Such a geometric interpretation, however, is not universally accepted because alternative explanations based on changes in physical conditions-such as the size and speed of the emitting zone, the magnetic field, the number of emitting particles and their energy distribution-can explain snapshots of the spectral behaviour of blazars in many cases. Here we report the results of optical-to-radio-wavelength monitoring of the blazar CTA 102 and show that the observed long-term trends of the flux and spectral variability are best explained by an inhomogeneous, curved jet that undergoes changes in orientation over time. We propose that magnetohydrodynamic instabilities or rotation of the twisted jet cause different jet regions to change their orientation and hence their relative Doppler factors. In particular, the extreme optical outburst of 2016-2017 (brightness increase of six magnitudes) occurred when the corresponding emitting region had a small viewing angle. The agreement between observations and theoretical predictions can be seen as further validation of the relativistic beaming theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Raiteri
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - M Villata
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - J A Acosta-Pulido
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
| | - I Agudo
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain
| | - A A Arkharov
- Pulkovo Observatory, 196140 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - R Bachev
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - G V Baida
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Nauchny 298409, Russia
| | - E Benítez
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - G A Borman
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Nauchny 298409, Russia
| | - W Boschin
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain.,INAF, TNG Fundación Galileo Galilei, E-38712 La Palma, Spain
| | - V Bozhilov
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M S Butuzova
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Nauchny 298409, Russia
| | - P Calcidese
- Osservatorio Astronomico della Regione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta, I-11020 Nus, Italy
| | - M I Carnerero
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - D Carosati
- INAF, TNG Fundación Galileo Galilei, E-38712 La Palma, Spain.,EPT Observatories, Tijarafe, E-38780 La Palma, Spain
| | - C Casadio
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain.,Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - N Castro-Segura
- Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain.,School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - W-P Chen
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan
| | | | - F D'Ammando
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.,INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Di Paola
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - J Echevarría
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - N V Efimova
- Pulkovo Observatory, 196140 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sh A Ehgamberdiev
- Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Maidanak Observatory, Tashkent 100052, Uzbekistan
| | - C Espinosa
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - A Fuentes
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain
| | - A Giunta
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - J L Gómez
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain
| | - T S Grishina
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - M A Gurwell
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Hiriart
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - H Jermak
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - B Jordan
- School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S G Jorstad
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia.,Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - M Joshi
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - E N Kopatskaya
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - K Kuratov
- NNLOT, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - O M Kurtanidze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia.,Engelhardt Astronomical Observatory, Kazan Federal University, Tatarstan, Russia.,Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - S O Kurtanidze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia
| | - A Lähteenmäki
- Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland.,Aalto University Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.,Tartu Observatory, 61602 Tõravere, Estonia
| | - V M Larionov
- Pulkovo Observatory, 196140 St Petersburg, Russia.,Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - E G Larionova
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - L V Larionova
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - C Lázaro
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
| | - C S Lin
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan
| | - M P Malmrose
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - A P Marscher
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - K Matsumoto
- Astronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka 582-8582, Japan
| | - B McBreen
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - R Michel
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - B Mihov
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Minev
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - D O Mirzaqulov
- Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Maidanak Observatory, Tashkent 100052, Uzbekistan
| | - A A Mokrushina
- Pulkovo Observatory, 196140 St Petersburg, Russia.,Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - S N Molina
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain
| | - J W Moody
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - D A Morozova
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - S V Nazarov
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Nauchny 298409, Russia
| | | | - J M Ohlert
- Michael Adrian Observatorium, Astronomie Stiftung Trebur, 65468 Trebur, Germany.,University of Applied Sciences, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, 61169 Friedberg, Germany
| | - D N Okhmat
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Nauchny 298409, Russia
| | - E Ovcharov
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - F Pinna
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
| | - T A Polakis
- Command Module Observatory, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - C Protasio
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
| | - T Pursimo
- Nordic Optical Telescope, E-38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain
| | - F J Redondo-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
| | - N Rizzi
- Osservatorio Astronomico Sirio, I-70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - G Rodriguez-Coira
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
| | - K Sadakane
- Astronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka 582-8582, Japan
| | - A C Sadun
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364 USA
| | - M R Samal
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan
| | - S S Savchenko
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - E Semkov
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - B A Skiff
- Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - L Slavcheva-Mihova
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - P S Smith
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - I A Steele
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - A Strigachev
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - J Tammi
- Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland
| | - C Thum
- Instituto de Radio Astronomía Milimétrica, E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - M Tornikoski
- Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland
| | - Yu V Troitskaya
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - I S Troitsky
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Vasilyev
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - O Vince
- Astronomical Observatory, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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28
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Chen X, Deng H, Churchill MJ, Luchsinger LL, Du X, Chu TH, Friedman RA, Middelhoff M, Ding H, Tailor YH, Wang ALE, Liu H, Niu Z, Wang H, Jiang Z, Renders S, Ho SH, Shah SV, Tishchenko P, Chang W, Swayne TC, Munteanu L, Califano A, Takahashi R, Nagar KK, Renz BW, Worthley DL, Westphalen CB, Hayakawa Y, Asfaha S, Borot F, Lin CS, Snoeck HW, Mukherjee S, Wang TC. Bone Marrow Myeloid Cells Regulate Myeloid-Biased Hematopoietic Stem Cells via a Histamine-Dependent Feedback Loop. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 21:747-760.e7. [PMID: 29198940 PMCID: PMC5975960 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells (MB-HSCs) play critical roles in recovery from injury, but little is known about how they are regulated within the bone marrow niche. Here we describe an auto-/paracrine physiologic circuit that controls quiescence of MB-HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors marked by histidine decarboxylase (Hdc). Committed Hdc+ myeloid cells lie in close anatomical proximity to MB-HSCs and produce histamine, which activates the H2 receptor on MB-HSCs to promote their quiescence and self-renewal. Depleting histamine-producing cells enforces cell cycle entry, induces loss of serial transplant capacity, and sensitizes animals to chemotherapeutic injury. Increasing demand for myeloid cells via lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment specifically recruits MB-HSCs and progenitors into the cell cycle; cycling MB-HSCs fail to revert into quiescence in the absence of histamine feedback, leading to their depletion, while an H2 agonist protects MB-HSCs from depletion after sepsis. Thus, histamine couples lineage-specific physiological demands to intrinsically primed MB-HSCs to enforce homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Huan Deng
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of Pathology, and Molecular Medicine and Genetics Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330003, China
| | - Michael J. Churchill
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Larry L. Luchsinger
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Xing Du
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Timothy H. Chu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Richard A. Friedman
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Moritz Middelhoff
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Hongxu Ding
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Yagnesh H. Tailor
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Alexander L. E. Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Haibo Liu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Zhengchuan Niu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongshan Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenyu Jiang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Simon Renders
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH) 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Siu-Hong Ho
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Spandan V. Shah
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Pavel Tishchenko
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Wenju Chang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Theresa C. Swayne
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Laura Munteanu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Ryota Takahashi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Karan K. Nagar
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Bernhard W. Renz
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel L. Worthley
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia,Cancer Theme, SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - C. Benedikt Westphalen
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Samuel Asfaha
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Florence Borot
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Siddhartha Mukherjee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Correspondence: (S.M.), (T.C.W.)
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA,Correspondence: (S.M.), (T.C.W.)
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29
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the mechanism of protection provided by dexmedetomidine against COPD-induced lung injury. METHODS COPD rat model was determined by measuring lung function, and comparing HE staining between two different groups. We got the lung tissue and cells from the control and COPD groups. The cells were divided into three groups: control group, and blank and drug groups that were from the COPD rats. Cell apoptosis, relative gene expression and TNF-α and IL-1β from nutrient solution were measured. RESULTS The TV, PEF, EF50, FEV0.3 and FEV0.3/FVC in COPD group were significantly lower than in control group (1.26±0.17 vs 2.65±0.21; 17.61±0.35 vs 38.55±0.24; 1.20±0.14 vs 1.81±0.06; 2.52±0.28 vs 4.44±0.26; 63.39±0.22 vs 88.45±0.34, p < 0.05, respectively). Cell apoptosis was significantly different in blank and drug groups (21.65±0.86 vs 10.74±0.15; p < 0.05, respectively). The gene expressions of miRNA-146a, p53 and Bcl-2 were significantly downregulated compared with blank group. CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine protected COPD-induced lung injury by inhibiting miRNA-146a expression to reduce cell apoptosis (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 25).
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30
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Cuervo H, Pereira B, Nadeem T, Lin M, Lee F, Kitajewski J, Lin CS. PDGFRβ-P2A-CreER T2 mice: a genetic tool to target pericytes in angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:655-662. [PMID: 28752390 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes are essential mural cells distinguished by their association with small caliber blood vessels and the presence of a basement membrane shared with endothelial cells. Pericyte interaction with the endothelium plays an important role in angiogenesis; however, very few tools are currently available that allow for the targeting of pericytes in mouse models, limiting our ability to understand their biology. We have generated a novel mouse line expressing tamoxifen-inducible Cre-recombinase under the control of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β promoter: PDGFRβ-P2A-CreER T2 . We evaluated the expression of the PDGFRβ-P2A-CreER T2 line by crossing it with fluorescent reporter lines and analyzed reporter signal in the angiogenic retina and brain at different time points after tamoxifen administration. Reporter lines showed labeling of NG2+, desmin+, PDGFRβ+ perivascular cells in the retina and the brain, indicating successful targeting of pericytes; however, signal from reporter lines was also observed in a small subset of glial cells both in the retina and the brain. We also evaluated recombination in tumors and found efficient recombination in perivascular cells associated with tumor vasculature. As a proof of principle, we used our newly generated driver to delete Notch signaling in perivascular cells and observed a loss of smooth muscle cells in retinal arteries, consistent with previously published studies evaluating Notch3 null mice. We conclude that the PDGFRβ-P2A-CreER T2 line is a powerful new tool to target pericytes and will aid the field in gaining a deeper understanding of the role of these cells in physiological and pathological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henar Cuervo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave. E-202, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Brianna Pereira
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taliha Nadeem
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave. E-202, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mika Lin
- Transgenic Mouse Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, ICRC604, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Biology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Frances Lee
- Transgenic Mouse Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, ICRC604, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Northwell Health-Lenox Health Greenwich Village, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave. E-202, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, ICRC604, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, ICRC604, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Transgenic Mouse Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, ICRC604, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Wolfe AL, Hopkins BD, Riquelme SA, Kitur K, Ozturk S, Kang K, Remark R, Rahman A, Lin CS, Merad M, Szabolcs M, Chen SH, Prince A, Parsons R. Abstract 334: PTEN-L regulates epithelial growth and macrophage function. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
PTEN is among the most frequently mutated and deleted tumor suppressor genes in many malignancies, including breast cancer. An alternatively translated long form of PTEN, termed PTEN-L, has divergent functionality from PTEN, although its function at the organism level has not been studied. Here, we report a knockout mouse with specific ablation of PTEN-L expression but intact expression of PTEN. These mice display mammary ductal hyperplasia characterized by increased luminal growth and increased numbers of macrophages in the surrounding stroma. Macrophages are particularly affected by PTEN-L loss, with significant changes to their secretomes and functional deficiencies in clearing bacterial infections, consistent with a shift toward an M2-like polarization. Overall, these findings demonstrate that PTEN-L has unique functions in regulating mammary epithelial growth and macrophage functionality that are independent of canonical PTEN.
Citation Format: Andrew L. Wolfe, Benjamin D. Hopkins, Sebastián A. Riquelme, Kipyegon Kitur, Sait Ozturk, Kyeongah Kang, Romain Remark, Adeeb Rahman, Chyuan-Sheng Lin, Miriam Merad, Matthias Szabolcs, Shu-Hsia Chen, Alice Prince, Ramon Parsons. PTEN-L regulates epithelial growth and macrophage function [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 334. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-334
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sait Ozturk
- 2Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
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32
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Werth M, Schmidt-Ott KM, Leete T, Qiu A, Hinze C, Viltard M, Paragas N, Shawber CJ, Yu W, Lee P, Chen X, Sarkar A, Mu W, Rittenberg A, Lin CS, Kitajewski J, Al-Awqati Q, Barasch J. Transcription factor TFCP2L1 patterns cells in the mouse kidney collecting ducts. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28577314 PMCID: PMC5484618 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most nephron segments contain one type of epithelial cell, the collecting ducts consists of at least two: intercalated (IC) and principal (PC) cells, which regulate acid-base and salt-water homeostasis, respectively. In adult kidneys, these cells are organized in rosettes suggesting functional interactions. Genetic studies in mouse revealed that transcription factor Tfcp2l1 coordinates IC and PC development. Tfcp2l1 induces the expression of IC specific genes, including specific H+-ATPase subunits and Jag1. Jag1 in turn, initiates Notch signaling in PCs but inhibits Notch signaling in ICs. Tfcp2l1 inactivation deletes ICs, whereas Jag1 inactivation results in the forfeiture of discrete IC and PC identities. Thus, Tfcp2l1 is a critical regulator of IC-PC patterning, acting cell-autonomously in ICs, and non-cell-autonomously in PCs. As a result, Tfcp2l1 regulates the diversification of cell types which is the central characteristic of 'salt and pepper' epithelia and distinguishes the collecting duct from all other nephron segments. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24265.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Werth
- Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Columbia University, New York, United States.,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andong Qiu
- Columbia University, New York, United States.,Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Melanie Viltard
- Columbia University, New York, United States.,Institute for European Expertise in Physiology, Paris, France
| | - Neal Paragas
- Columbia University, New York, United States.,University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Wenqiang Yu
- Columbia University, New York, United States.,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Lee
- Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Xia Chen
- Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Abby Sarkar
- Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Weiyi Mu
- Columbia University, New York, United States
| | | | | | - Jan Kitajewski
- Columbia University, New York, United States.,University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
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33
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Tong Y, Park SH, Wu D, Xu W, Guillot SJ, Jin L, Li X, Wang Y, Lin CS, Fu Z. An essential role of intestinal cell kinase in lung development is linked to the perinatal lethality of human ECO syndrome. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1247-1257. [PMID: 28380258 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human endocrine-cerebro-osteodysplasia (ECO) syndrome, caused by the loss-of-function mutation R272Q in the intestinal cell kinase (ICK) gene, is a neonatal-lethal developmental disorder. To elucidate the molecular basis of ECO syndrome, we constructed an Ick R272Q knock-in mouse model that recapitulates ECO pathological phenotypes. Newborns bearing Ick R272Q homozygous mutations die at birth due to respiratory distress. Ick mutant lungs exhibit not only impaired branching morphogenesis associated with reduced mesenchymal proliferation but also significant airspace deficiency in primitive alveoli concomitant with abnormal interstitial mesenchymal differentiation. ICK dysfunction induces elongated primary cilia and perturbs ciliary Hedgehog signaling and autophagy during lung sacculation. Our study identifies an essential role for ICK in lung development and advances the mechanistic understanding of ECO syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,The Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Hubei, China
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stacey J Guillot
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Hayakawa Y, Sakitani K, Konishi M, Asfaha S, Niikura R, Tomita H, Renz BW, Tailor Y, Macchini M, Middelhoff M, Jiang Z, Tanaka T, Dubeykovskaya ZA, Kim W, Chen X, Urbanska AM, Nagar K, Westphalen CB, Quante M, Lin CS, Gershon MD, Hara A, Zhao CM, Chen D, Worthley DL, Koike K, Wang TC. Nerve Growth Factor Promotes Gastric Tumorigenesis through Aberrant Cholinergic Signaling. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:21-34. [PMID: 27989802 PMCID: PMC5225031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Within the gastrointestinal stem cell niche, nerves help to regulate both normal and neoplastic stem cell dynamics. Here, we reveal the mechanisms underlying the cancer-nerve partnership. We find that Dclk1+ tuft cells and nerves are the main sources of acetylcholine (ACh) within the gastric mucosa. Cholinergic stimulation of the gastric epithelium induced nerve growth factor (NGF) expression, and in turn NGF overexpression within gastric epithelium expanded enteric nerves and promoted carcinogenesis. Ablation of Dclk1+ cells or blockade of NGF/Trk signaling inhibited epithelial proliferation and tumorigenesis in an ACh muscarinic receptor-3 (M3R)-dependent manner, in part through suppression of yes-associated protein (YAP) function. This feedforward ACh-NGF axis activates the gastric cancer niche and offers a compelling target for tumor treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoku Hayakawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate school of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sakitani
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mitsuru Konishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate school of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655, Japan
| | - Samuel Asfaha
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Ryota Niikura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate school of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 5011194, Japan
| | - Bernhard W. Renz
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Yagnesh Tailor
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Marina Macchini
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Moritz Middelhoff
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zinaida A. Dubeykovskaya
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Woosook Kim
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Aleksandra M. Urbanska
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Karan Nagar
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Christoph B. Westphalen
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Michael Quante
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, II. Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Transgenic Mouse Shared Resource, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michael D. Gershon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 5011194, Japan
| | - Chun-Mei Zhao
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Duan Chen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Daniel L. Worthley
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Cancer theme, SAHMRI and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate school of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655, Japan
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Corresponding Author: Timothy C. Wang, M.D., Chief, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Silberberg Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room #925, New York, NY 10032-3802, Tel: 212-851-4581, Fax: 212-851-4590,
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Zhang L, Du J, Justus S, Hsu CW, Bonet-Ponce L, Wu WH, Tsai YT, Wu WP, Jia Y, Duong JK, Mahajan VB, Lin CS, Wang S, Hurley JB, Tsang SH. Reprogramming metabolism by targeting sirtuin 6 attenuates retinal degeneration. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4659-4673. [PMID: 27841758 DOI: 10.1172/jci86905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) encompasses a diverse group of Mendelian disorders leading to progressive degeneration of rods and then cones. For reasons that remain unclear, diseased RP photoreceptors begin to deteriorate, eventually leading to cell death and, consequently, loss of vision. Here, we have hypothesized that RP associated with mutations in phosphodiesterase-6 (PDE6) provokes a metabolic aberration in rod cells that promotes the pathological consequences of elevated cGMP and Ca2+, which are induced by the Pde6 mutation. Inhibition of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a histone deacetylase repressor of glycolytic flux, reprogrammed rods into perpetual glycolysis, thereby driving the accumulation of biosynthetic intermediates, improving outer segment (OS) length, enhancing photoreceptor survival, and preserving vision. In mouse retinae lacking Sirt6, effectors of glycolytic flux were dramatically increased, leading to upregulation of key intermediates in glycolysis, TCA cycle, and glutaminolysis. Both transgenic and AAV2/8 gene therapy-mediated ablation of Sirt6 in rods provided electrophysiological and anatomic rescue of both rod and cone photoreceptors in a preclinical model of RP. Due to the extensive network of downstream effectors of Sirt6, this study motivates further research into the role that these pathways play in retinal degeneration. Because reprogramming metabolism by enhancing glycolysis is not gene specific, this strategy may be applicable to a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Zhang L, Justus S, Xu Y, Pluchenik T, Hsu CW, Yang J, Duong JK, Lin CS, Jia Y, Bassuk AG, Mahajan VB, Tsang SH. Reprogramming towards anabolism impedes degeneration in a preclinical model of retinitis pigmentosa. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4244-4255. [PMID: 27516389 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an incurable neurodegenerative condition featuring photoreceptor death that leads to blindness. Currently, there is no approved therapeutic for photoreceptor degenerative conditions like RP and atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although there are promising results in human gene therapy, RP is a genetically diverse disorder, such that gene-specific therapies would be practical in a small fraction of patients with RP. Here, we explore a non-gene-specific strategy that entails reprogramming photoreceptors towards anabolism by upregulating the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We conditionally ablated the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1) gene, an mTOR inhibitor, in the rods of the Pde6bH620Q/H620Q preclinical RP mouse model and observed, functionally and morphologically, an improvement in the survival of rods and cones at early and late disease stages. These results elucidate the ability of reprogramming the metabolome to slow photoreceptor degeneration. This strategy may also be applicable to a wider range of neurodegenerative diseases, as enhancement of nutrient uptake is not gene-specific and is implicated in multiple pathologies. Enhancing anabolism promoted neuronal survival and function and could potentially benefit a number of photoreceptor and other degenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- Barbara & Donald Jonas Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Shanxi Eye Hospital, affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Xinghualing, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sally Justus
- Barbara & Donald Jonas Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Xu
- Barbara & Donald Jonas Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tamara Pluchenik
- Barbara & Donald Jonas Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Hsu
- Barbara & Donald Jonas Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Barbara & Donald Jonas Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jimmy K Duong
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Transgenic Animal Facility, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yading Jia
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Xinghualing, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Barbara & Donald Jonas Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA .,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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37
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Wu WH, Tsai YT, Justus S, Lee TT, Zhang L, Lin CS, Bassuk AG, Mahajan VB, Tsang SH. CRISPR Repair Reveals Causative Mutation in a Preclinical Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1388-94. [PMID: 27203441 PMCID: PMC5023380 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive parallel sequencing enables identification of numerous genetic variants in mutant organisms, but determining pathogenicity of any one mutation can be daunting. The most commonly studied preclinical model of retinitis pigmentosa called the "rodless" (rd1) mouse is homozygous for two mutations: a nonsense point mutation (Y347X) and an intronic insertion of a leukemia virus (Xmv-28). Distinguishing which mutation causes retinal degeneration is still under debate nearly a century after the discovery of this model organism. Here, we performed gene editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and demonstrated that the Y347X mutation is the causative variant of disease. Genome editing in the first generation produced animals that were mosaic for the corrected allele but still showed neurofunction preservation despite low repair frequencies. Furthermore, second-generation CRISPR-repaired mice showed an even more robust rescue and amelioration of the disease. This predicts excellent outcomes for gene editing in diseased human tissue, as Pde6b, the mutated gene in rd1 mice, has an orthologous intron-exon relationship comparable with the human PDE6B gene. Not only do these findings resolve the debate surrounding the source of neurodegeneration in the rd1 model, but they also provide the first example of homology-directed recombination-mediated gene correction in the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Wu
- Barbara and Donald Jonas Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Barbara and Donald Jonas Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Barbara and Donald Jonas Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Barbara and Donald Jonas Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sally Justus
- Barbara and Donald Jonas Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Barbara and Donald Jonas Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ting-Ting Lee
- Barbara and Donald Jonas Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Barbara and Donald Jonas Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Barbara and Donald Jonas Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Barbara and Donald Jonas Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Barbara and Donald Jonas Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Barbara and Donald Jonas Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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Chen L, Oleksyn D, Pulvino M, Sanz I, Ryan D, Ryan C, Lin CS, Poligone B, Pentland AP, Ritchlin C, Zhao J. A critical role for the protein kinase PKK in the maintenance of recirculating mature B cells and the development of B1 cells. Immunol Lett 2016; 172:67-78. [PMID: 26921474 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C associated kinase (PKK) regulates NF-κB activation and is required for the survival of certain lymphoma cells. Mice lacking PKK die soon after birth, and previous studies suggest that the role of PKK in B cell development might be context dependent. We have generated a mouse strain harboring conditional null alleles for PKK and a Cre-recombinase transgene under the control of the endogenous CD19 promoter. In the present study, we show that knockout of PKK in B cells results in the reduction of long-lived recirculating mature B cell population in lymph nodes and bone marrow as well as a decrease in peritoneal B1 cells, while PKK deficiency has no apparent effect on early B cell development in bone marrow or the development of follicular and marginal zone B cells in the spleen. In addition, we demonstrate that PKK-deficient B cells display defective proliferation and survival responses to stimulation of B cell receptor (BCR), which may underlie the reduction of recirculating mature B cells in PKK mutant mice. Consistently, BCR-mediated NF-κB activation, known to be required for the survival of activated but not resting B cells, is attenuated in PKK-deficient B cells. Thus, our results reveal a critical role of PKK in the maintenance of recirculating mature B cells as well as the development of B1 cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luojing Chen
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - David Oleksyn
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Mary Pulvino
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Daniel Ryan
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Charlotte Ryan
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Brian Poligone
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Alice P Pentland
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Christopher Ritchlin
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Jiyong Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
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Mingote S, Masson J, Gellman C, Thomsen GM, Lin CS, Merker RJ, Gaisler-Salomon I, Wang Y, Ernst R, Hen R, Rayport S. Genetic Pharmacotherapy as an Early CNS Drug Development Strategy: Testing Glutaminase Inhibition for Schizophrenia Treatment in Adult Mice. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 9:165. [PMID: 26778975 PMCID: PMC4705219 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic pharmacotherapy is an early drug development strategy for the identification of novel CNS targets in mouse models prior to the development of specific ligands. Here for the first time, we have implemented this strategy to address the potential therapeutic value of a glutamate-based pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia involving inhibition of the glutamate recycling enzyme phosphate-activated glutaminase. Mice constitutively heterozygous for GLS1, the gene encoding glutaminase, manifest a schizophrenia resilience phenotype, a key dimension of which is an attenuated locomotor response to propsychotic amphetamine challenge. If resilience is due to glutaminase deficiency in adulthood, then glutaminase inhibitors should have therapeutic potential. However, this has been difficult to test given the dearth of neuroactive glutaminase inhibitors. So, we used genetic pharmacotherapy to ask whether adult induction of GLS1 heterozygosity would attenuate amphetamine responsiveness. We generated conditional floxGLS1 mice and crossed them with global CAGERT2cre∕+ mice to produce GLS1 iHET mice, susceptible to tamoxifen induction of GLS1 heterozygosity. One month after tamoxifen treatment of adult GLS1 iHET mice, we found a 50% reduction in GLS1 allelic abundance and glutaminase mRNA levels in the brain. While GLS1 iHET mice showed some recombination prior to tamoxifen, there was no impact on mRNA levels. We then asked whether induction of GLS heterozygosity would attenuate the locomotor response to propsychotic amphetamine challenge. Before tamoxifen, control and GLS1 iHET mice did not differ in their response to amphetamine. One month after tamoxifen treatment, amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion was blocked in GLS1 iHET mice. The block was largely maintained after 5 months. Thus, a genetically induced glutaminase reduction—mimicking pharmacological inhibition—strongly attenuated the response to a propsychotic challenge, suggesting that glutaminase may be a novel target for the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. These results demonstrate how genetic pharmacotherapy can be implemented to test a CNS target in advance of the development of specific neuroactive inhibitors. We discuss further the advantages, limitations, and feasibility of the wider application of genetic pharmacotherapy for neuropsychiatric drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Mingote
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew York, NY, USA
| | - Justine Masson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA; Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 894 and Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Celia Gellman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Merker
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute New York, NY, USA
| | - Inna Gaisler-Salomon
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA; Psychobiology Labs, Department of Psychology, University of HaifaHaifa, Israel
| | - Yvonne Wang
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Ernst
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute New York, NY, USA
| | - René Hen
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew York, NY, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew York, NY, USA
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40
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Koch SF, Tsai YT, Duong JK, Wu WH, Hsu CW, Wu WP, Bonet-Ponce L, Lin CS, Tsang SH. Halting progressive neurodegeneration in advanced retinitis pigmentosa. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3704-13. [PMID: 26301813 DOI: 10.1172/jci82462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary retinal degenerative diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), are characterized by the progressive loss of rod photoreceptors followed by loss of cones. While retinal gene therapy clinical trials demonstrated temporary improvement in visual function, this approach has yet to achieve sustained functional and anatomical rescue after disease onset in patients. The lack of sustained benefit could be due to insufficient transduction efficiency of viral vectors ("too little") and/or because the disease is too advanced ("too late") at the time therapy is initiated. Here, we tested the latter hypothesis and developed a mouse RP model that permits restoration of the mutant gene in all diseased photoreceptor cells, thereby ensuring sufficient transduction efficiency. We then treated mice at early, mid, or late disease stages. At all 3 time points, degeneration was halted and function was rescued for at least 1 year. Not only do our results demonstrate that gene therapy effectively preserves function after the onset of degeneration, our study also demonstrates that there is a broad therapeutic time window. Moreover, these results suggest that RP patients are treatable, despite most being diagnosed after substantial photoreceptor loss, and that gene therapy research must focus on improving transduction efficiency to maximize clinical impact.
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Wert KJ, Bassuk AG, Wu WH, Gakhar L, Coglan D, Mahajan M, Wu S, Yang J, Lin CS, Tsang SH, Mahajan VB. CAPN5 mutation in hereditary uveitis: the R243L mutation increases calpain catalytic activity and triggers intraocular inflammation in a mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4584-98. [PMID: 25994508 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A single amino acid mutation near the active site of the CAPN5 protease was linked to the inherited blinding disorder, autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy (ADNIV, OMIM #193235). In homology modeling with other calpains, this R243L CAPN5 mutation was situated in a mobile loop that gates substrate access to the calcium-regulated active site. In in vitro activity assays, the mutation increased calpain protease activity and made it far more active at low concentrations of calcium. To test whether the disease allele could yield an animal model of ADNIV, we created transgenic mice expressing human (h) CAPN5(R243L) only in the retina. The resulting hCAPN5(R243L) transgenic mice developed a phenotype consistent with human uveitis and ADNIV, at the clinical, histological and molecular levels. The fundus of hCAPN5(R243L) mice showed enhanced autofluorescence (AF) and pigment changes indicative of reactive retinal pigment epithelial cells and photoreceptor degeneration. Electroretinography showed mutant mouse eyes had a selective loss of the b-wave indicating an inner-retina signaling defect. Histological analysis of mutant mouse eyes showed protein extravasation from dilated vessels into the anterior chamber and vitreous, vitreous inflammation, vitreous and retinal fibrosis and retinal degeneration. Analysis of gene expression changes in the hCAPN5(R243L) mouse retina showed upregulation of several markers, including members of the Toll-like receptor pathway, chemokines and cytokines, indicative of both an innate and adaptive immune response. Since many forms of uveitis share phenotypic characteristics of ADNIV, this mouse offers a model with therapeutic testing utility for ADNIV and uveitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Wert
- Barbara and Donald Jonas Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | | | - Wen-Hsuan Wu
- Barbara and Donald Jonas Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute
| | - Lokesh Gakhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Protein Crystallography Facility
| | - Diana Coglan
- Omics Laboratory and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - MaryAnn Mahajan
- Omics Laboratory and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology
| | - Jing Yang
- Protein Crystallography Facility, Omics Laboratory and
| | | | - Stephen H Tsang
- Barbara and Donald Jonas Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,
| | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Omics Laboratory and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Cheng HM, Chern Y, Chen IH, Liu CR, Li SH, Chun SJ, Rigo F, Bennett CF, Deng N, Feng Y, Lin CS, Yan YT, Cohen SN, Cheng TH. Effects on murine behavior and lifespan of selectively decreasing expression of mutant huntingtin allele by supt4h knockdown. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005043. [PMID: 25760041 PMCID: PMC4356588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of protein containing lengthy stretches of polyglutamine encoded by multiple repeats of the trinucleotide CAG is a hallmark of Huntington's disease (HD) and of a variety of other inherited degenerative neurological and neuromuscular disorders. Earlier work has shown that interference with production of the transcription elongation protein SUPT4H results in decreased cellular capacity to transcribe mutant huntingtin gene (Htt) alleles containing long CAG expansions, but has little effect on expression of genes containing short CAG stretches. zQ175 and R6/2 are genetically engineered mouse strains whose genomes contain human HTT alleles that include greatly expanded CAG repeats and which are used as animal models for HD. Here we show that reduction of SUPT4H expression in brains of zQ175 mice by intracerebroventricular bolus injection of antisense 2'-O-methoxyethyl oligonucleotides (ASOs) directed against Supt4h, or in R6/2 mice by deletion of one copy of the Supt4h gene, results in a decrease in mRNA and protein encoded specifically by mutant Htt alleles. We further show that reduction of SUPT4H in mouse brains is associated with decreased HTT protein aggregation, and in R6/2 mice, also with prolonged lifespan and delay of the motor impairment that normally develops in these animals. Our findings support the view that targeting of SUPT4H function may be useful as a therapeutic countermeasure against HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - I-Hui Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Rung Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sih-Huei Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Seung J. Chun
- ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, United States of America
| | - Frank Rigo
- ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, United States of America
| | - C. Frank Bennett
- ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, United States of America
| | - Ning Deng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yu-Ting Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Stanley N. Cohen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Tzu-Hao Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Adebola AA, Di Castri T, He CZ, Salvatierra LA, Zhao J, Brown K, Lin CS, Worman HJ, Liem RKH. Neurofilament light polypeptide gene N98S mutation in mice leads to neurofilament network abnormalities and a Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2E phenotype. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:2163-74. [PMID: 25552649 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most commonly inherited neurological disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 2500 people worldwide. Patients suffer from degeneration of the peripheral nerves that control sensory information of the foot/leg and hand/arm. Multiple mutations in the neurofilament light polypeptide gene, NEFL, cause CMT2E. Previous studies in transfected cells showed that expression of disease-associated neurofilament light chain variants results in abnormal intermediate filament networks associated with defects in axonal transport. We have now generated knock-in mice with two different point mutations in Nefl: P8R that has been reported in multiple families with variable age of onset and N98S that has been described as an early-onset, sporadic mutation in multiple individuals. Nefl(P8R/+) and Nefl(P8R/P8R) mice were indistinguishable from Nefl(+/+) in terms of behavioral phenotype. In contrast, Nefl(N98S/+) mice had a noticeable tremor, and most animals showed a hindlimb clasping phenotype. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed multiple inclusions in the cell bodies and proximal axons of spinal cord neurons, disorganized processes in the cerebellum and abnormal processes in the cerebral cortex and pons. Abnormal processes were observed as early as post-natal day 7. Electron microscopic analysis of sciatic nerves showed a reduction in the number of neurofilaments, an increase in the number of microtubules and a decrease in the axonal diameters. The Nefl(N98S/+) mice provide an excellent model to study the pathogenesis of CMT2E and should prove useful for testing potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adijat A Adebola
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and
| | | | | | | | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology
| | | | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ronald K H Liem
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and
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Paragas N, Kulkarni R, Werth M, Schmidt-Ott KM, Forster C, Deng R, Zhang Q, Singer E, Klose AD, Shen TH, Francis KP, Ray S, Vijayakumar S, Seward S, Bovino ME, Xu K, Takabe Y, Amaral FE, Mohan S, Wax R, Corbin K, Sanna-Cherchi S, Mori K, Johnson L, Nickolas T, D’Agati V, Lin CS, Qiu A, Al-Awqati Q, Ratner AJ, Barasch J. α–Intercalated cells defend the urinary system from bacterial infection. J Clin Invest 2014. [DOI: 10.1172/jci79744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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45
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Tanigawa S, Lee CH, Lin CS, Ku CC, Hasegawa H, Qin S, Kawahara A, Korenori Y, Miyamori K, Noguchi M, Lee LH, Lin YC, Lin CLS, Nakamura Y, Jin C, Yamaguchi N, Eckner R, Hou DX, Yokoyama KK. Erratum: Jun dimerization protein 2 is a critical component of the Nrf2/MafK complex regulating the response to ROS homeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2014. [PMCID: PMC4123110 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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McIntire LBJ, Landman N, Kang MS, Finan GM, Hwang JC, Moore AZ, Park LS, Lin CS, Kim TW. Phenotypic assays for β-amyloid in mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neurons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:956-67. [PMID: 23890013 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Given the complex nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a cell-based model that recapitulates the physiological properties of the target neuronal population would be extremely valuable for discovering improved drug candidates and chemical probes to uncover disease mechanisms. We established phenotypic neuronal assays for the biogenesis and synaptic action of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) based on embryonic stem cell-derived neurons (ESNs). ESNs enriched with pyramidal neurons were robust, scalable, and amenable to a small-molecule screening assay, overcoming the apparent limitations of neuronal models derived from human pluripotent cells. Small-molecule screening of clinical compounds identified four compounds capable of reducing Aβ levels in ESNs derived from the Tg2576 mouse model of AD. Our approach is therefore highly suitable for phenotypic screening in AD drug discovery and has the potential to identify therapeutic candidates with improved efficacy and safety potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beth J McIntire
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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47
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Paragas N, Kulkarni R, Werth M, Schmidt-Ott KM, Forster C, Deng R, Zhang Q, Singer E, Klose AD, Shen TH, Francis KP, Ray S, Vijayakumar S, Seward S, Bovino ME, Xu K, Takabe Y, Amaral FE, Mohan S, Wax R, Corbin K, Sanna-Cherchi S, Mori K, Johnson L, Nickolas T, D'Agati V, Lin CS, Qiu A, Al-Awqati Q, Ratner AJ, Barasch J. α-Intercalated cells defend the urinary system from bacterial infection. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2963-76. [PMID: 24937428 DOI: 10.1172/jci71630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Intercalated cells (A-ICs) within the collecting duct of the kidney are critical for acid-base homeostasis. Here, we have shown that A-ICs also serve as both sentinels and effectors in the defense against urinary infections. In a murine urinary tract infection model, A-ICs bound uropathogenic E. coli and responded by acidifying the urine and secreting the bacteriostatic protein lipocalin 2 (LCN2; also known as NGAL). A-IC-dependent LCN2 secretion required TLR4, as mice expressing an LPS-insensitive form of TLR4 expressed reduced levels of LCN2. The presence of LCN2 in urine was both necessary and sufficient to control the urinary tract infection through iron sequestration, even in the harsh condition of urine acidification. In mice lacking A-ICs, both urinary LCN2 and urinary acidification were reduced, and consequently bacterial clearance was limited. Together these results indicate that A-ICs, which are known to regulate acid-base metabolism, are also critical for urinary defense against pathogenic bacteria. They respond to both cystitis and pyelonephritis by delivering bacteriostatic chemical agents to the lower urinary system.
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48
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Olszak T, Neves JF, Dowds CM, Baker K, Glickman J, Davidson NO, Lin CS, Jobin C, Brand S, Sotlar K, Wada K, Katayama K, Nakajima A, Mizuguchi H, Kawasaki K, Nagata K, Müller W, Snapper SB, Schreiber S, Kaser A, Zeissig S, Blumberg RS. Protective mucosal immunity mediated by epithelial CD1d and IL-10. Nature 2014; 509:497-502. [PMID: 24717441 DOI: 10.1038/nature13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which mucosal homeostasis is maintained are of central importance to inflammatory bowel disease. Critical to these processes is the intestinal epithelial cell (IEC), which regulates immune responses at the interface between the commensal microbiota and the host. CD1d presents self and microbial lipid antigens to natural killer T (NKT) cells, which are involved in the pathogenesis of colitis in animal models and human inflammatory bowel disease. As CD1d crosslinking on model IECs results in the production of the important regulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 (ref. 9), decreased epithelial CD1d expression--as observed in inflammatory bowel disease--may contribute substantially to intestinal inflammation. Here we show in mice that whereas bone-marrow-derived CD1d signals contribute to NKT-cell-mediated intestinal inflammation, engagement of epithelial CD1d elicits protective effects through the activation of STAT3 and STAT3-dependent transcription of IL-10, heat shock protein 110 (HSP110; also known as HSP105), and CD1d itself. All of these epithelial elements are critically involved in controlling CD1d-mediated intestinal inflammation. This is demonstrated by severe NKT-cell-mediated colitis upon IEC-specific deletion of IL-10, CD1d, and its critical regulator microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), as well as deletion of HSP110 in the radioresistant compartment. Our studies thus uncover a novel pathway of IEC-dependent regulation of mucosal homeostasis and highlight a critical role of IL-10 in the intestinal epithelium, with broad implications for diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Olszak
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2]
| | - Joana F Neves
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2]
| | - C Marie Dowds
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany [2]
| | - Kristi Baker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan Glickman
- GI Pathology, Miraca Life Sciences, Newton, Massachusetts 02464, USA
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases & Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II-Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 80337, Germany
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Katayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Gastroenterology Division, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kunito Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Scott B Snapper
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Division of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany [3]
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2]
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Huebener P, Gwak GY, Pradere JP, Quinzii CM, Friedman R, Lin CS, Trent CM, Mederacke I, Zhao E, Dapito DH, Lin Y, Goldberg IJ, Czaja MJ, Schwabe RF. High-mobility group box 1 is dispensable for autophagy, mitochondrial quality control, and organ function in vivo. Cell Metab 2014; 19:539-47. [PMID: 24606906 PMCID: PMC4099361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies have demonstrated a critical role for high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in autophagy and the autophagic clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria, resulting in severe mitochondrial fragmentation and profound disturbances of mitochondrial respiration in HMGB1-deficient cells. Here, we investigated the effects of HMGB1 deficiency on autophagy and mitochondrial function in vivo, using conditional Hmgb1 ablation in the liver and heart. Unexpectedly, deletion of Hmgb1 in hepatocytes or cardiomyocytes, two cell types with abundant mitochondria, did not alter mitochondrial structure or function, organ function, or long-term survival. Moreover, hepatic autophagy and mitophagy occurred normally in the absence of Hmgb1, and absence of Hmgb1 did not significantly affect baseline and glucocorticoid-induced hepatic gene expression. Collectively, our findings suggest that HMGB1 is dispensable for autophagy, mitochondrial quality control, the regulation of gene expression, and organ function in the adult organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Huebener
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | | | | | - Richard Friedman
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chad M Trent
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ingmar Mederacke
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Enpeng Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Dianne H Dapito
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuxi Lin
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mark J Czaja
- Department of Medicine, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert F Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Xiao LL, Chen S, Lin CS, Liu Y. Simulation of a single red blood cell flowing through a microvessel stenosis using dissipative particle dynamics. Mol Cell Biomech 2014; 11:67-85. [PMID: 25330624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The motion and deformation of a single red blood cell flowing through a microvessel stenosis was investigated employing dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method. The numerical model considers plasma, cytoplasm, the RBC membrane and the microvessel walls, in which a three dimensional coarse-grained spring RBC. The suspending plasma was modelled as an incompressible Newtonian fluid and the vessel walls were regarded as rigid body. The body force exerted on the free DPD particles was used to drive the flow. A modified bounce-back boundary condition was enforced on the membrane to guarantee the impenetrability. Adhesion of the cell to the stenosis vessel surface was mediated by the interactions between receptors and ligands. Firstly, the motion of a single RBC in a microfluidic channel was simulated and the results were found in agreement with the experimental data cited by [1]. Then the mechanical behavior of the RBC in the microvessel stenosis was studied. The effects of the bending rigidity of membrane, the size of the stenosis and the driven body force on the deformation and motion of red blood cell were discussed.
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