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Han S, Hu Y, Jia D, Lv Y, Liu M, Wang D, Chao J, Xia X, Wang Q, Liu P, Cai Y, Ren X. IFT27 regulates the long-term maintenance of photoreceptor outer segments in zebrafish. Gene 2024; 905:148237. [PMID: 38310983 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Approximately a quarter of Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is caused by mutations in transport-related genes in cilia. IFT27 (Intraflagellar Transport 27), a core component of the ciliary intraflagellar transport (IFT) system, has been implicated as a significant pathogenic gene in RP. The pathogenic mechanisms and subsequent pathology related to IFT27 mutations in RP are largely obscure. Here, we utilized TALEN technology to create an ift27 knockout (ift27-/-) zebrafish model. Electroretinography (ERG) detection showed impaired vision in this model. Histopathological examinations disclosed that ift27 mutations cause progressive degeneration of photoreceptors in zebrafish, and this degeneration was late-onset. Immunofluorescence labeling of outer segments showed that rods degenerated before cones, aligning with the conventional characterization of RP. In cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells, we found that IFT27 was involved in maintaining ciliary morphology. Furthermore, decreased IFT27 expression resulted in the inhibition of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, including decreased expression of key factors in the Hh pathway and abnormal localization of the ciliary mediator Gli2. In summary, we generated an ift27-/- zebrafish line with retinal degeneration which mimicked the symptoms of RP patients, highlighting IFT27's integral role in the long-term maintenance of cilia via the Hh signaling pathway. This work may furnish new insights into the treatment or delay of RP caused by IFT27 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China.
| | - Yue Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Danna Jia
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Yuexia Lv
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Mugen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Decheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Chao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Xuan Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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2
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Takita S, Jahan S, Imanishi S, Harikrishnan H, LePage D, Mann RJ, Conlon RA, Miyagi M, Imanishi Y. Rhodopsin mislocalization drives ciliary dysregulation in a novel autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa knock-in mouse model. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23606. [PMID: 38648465 PMCID: PMC11047207 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302260rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Rhodopsin mislocalization encompasses various blind conditions. Rhodopsin mislocalization is the primary factor leading to rod photoreceptor dysfunction and degeneration in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) caused by class I mutations. In this study, we report a new knock-in mouse model that harbors a class I Q344X mutation in the endogenous rhodopsin gene, which causes rod photoreceptor degeneration in an autosomal dominant pattern. In RhoQ344X/+ mice, mRNA transcripts from the wild-type (Rho) and RhoQ344X mutant rhodopsin alleles are expressed at equal levels. However, the amount of RHOQ344X mutant protein is 2.7 times lower than that of wild-type rhodopsin, a finding consistent with the rapid degradation of the mutant protein. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicates that RHOQ344X is mislocalized to the inner segment and outer nuclear layers of rod photoreceptors in both RhoQ344X/+ and RhoQ344X/Q344X mice, confirming the essential role of the C-terminal VxPx motif in promoting OS delivery of rhodopsin. The mislocalization of RHOQ344X is associated with the concurrent mislocalization of wild-type rhodopsin in RhoQ344X/+ mice. To understand the global changes in proteostasis, we conducted quantitative proteomics analysis and found attenuated expression of rod-specific OS membrane proteins accompanying reduced expression of ciliopathy causative gene products, including constituents of BBSome and axonemal dynein subunit. Those studies unveil a novel negative feedback regulation involving ciliopathy-associated proteins. In this process, a defect in the trafficking signal leads to a reduced quantity of the trafficking apparatus, culminating in a widespread reduction in the transport of ciliary proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Takita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sultana Jahan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sanae Imanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hemavathy Harikrishnan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David LePage
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Rachel J. Mann
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Ronald A. Conlon
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Masaru Miyagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Imanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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3
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Holanda IP, Rim PHH, Guaragna MS, Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL, Steiner CE. Syndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa: A 15-Patient Study. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:516. [PMID: 38674450 PMCID: PMC11050127 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of genetically determined retinal dystrophies characterized by primary photoreceptor apoptosis and can occur in isolated or syndromic conditions. This study reviewed the clinical data of 15 patients with syndromic retinitis pigmentosa from a Rare Disease Reference Center in Brazil and the results of their next-generation sequencing tests. Five males and ten females participated, with the mean ages for ocular disease onset, fundoscopic diagnosis, and molecular evaluation being 9, 19, and 29 years, respectively. Bardet-Biedl syndrome (n = 5) and Usher syndrome (n = 3) were the most frequent diagnoses, followed by other rare conditions. Among the patients, fourteen completed molecular studies, with three negative results and eleven revealing findings in known genes, including novel variants in MKKS (c.432_435del, p.Phe144Leufs*14), USH2A (c.(7301+1_7302-1)_(9369+1_9370-1)del), and CEP250 (c.5383dup, p.Glu1795Glyfs*13, and c.5050del, p.Asp1684Thrfs*9). Except for Kearn-Sayre, all presented an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern with 64% homozygosity results. The long gap between symptom onset and diagnosis highlights the diagnostic challenges faced by the patients. This study reaffirms the clinical heterogeneity of syndromic retinitis pigmentosa and underscores the pivotal role of molecular analysis in advancing our understanding of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianne Pessoa Holanda
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (I.P.H.); (M.S.G.); (V.L.G.-d.-S.-L.)
| | - Priscila Hae Hyun Rim
- Ambulatório de Genética Ocular, Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rare Genomes Project Consortium
- Serviço de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Medicina Laboratorial, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mara Sanches Guaragna
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (I.P.H.); (M.S.G.); (V.L.G.-d.-S.-L.)
| | - Vera Lúcia Gil-da-Silva-Lopes
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (I.P.H.); (M.S.G.); (V.L.G.-d.-S.-L.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Steiner
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (I.P.H.); (M.S.G.); (V.L.G.-d.-S.-L.)
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Wu Y, Zhang T, Chen Z, Tang L, Zhang L, Chen J, Wan X, Sun X. Establishment of the induced pluripotent stem cell line SJTUGHi002-A from a CNGA1-related recessive retinitis pigmentosa patient. Stem Cell Res 2024; 76:103334. [PMID: 38340451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited retinal diseases, characterized by photoreceptor cell death and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy. Mutations in cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 1 (CNGA1) have been reported to cause retinitis pigmentosa. Here, we established the human induced pluripotent stem cell line (iPSC) SJTUGHi002-A, generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a 36-year-old male RP patient, who carried a homozygous frameshift variant in CNGA1 gene (c.265delC; p.L89Ffs*4). The cell line can serve as a patient-derived disease model for exploring the pathogenesis and drug development of CNGA1-RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhixuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Innostellar Biotherapeutics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Innostellar Biotherapeutics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqiong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Xiaoling Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
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5
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Demir S, Sevik MO, Ersoy A, Geckinli BB, Sahin O, Arslan Ates E. PHARC syndrome which an ultra-rare syndrome with retinitis pigmentosa and cataracts: case report and review of the literature. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:113-119. [PMID: 38186350 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2289449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PHARC syndrome (MIM:612674) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by demyelinating polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and cataracts (PHARC). The syndrome is caused by mutations in the ABHD12 gene, which encodes αβ-hydrolase domain-containing protein 12 related to endocannabinoid metabolism. PHARC syndrome is one of the rare diseases; so far, only 51 patients have been reported in the literature. METHODS We evaluated the 25-year-old male patient referred to us due to vision loss, cataracts, and hearing loss. Ophthalmological examinations and genetic analyses were performed using targeted next-generation sequencing. RESULTS In the genetic analysis, the patient was diagnosed with PHARC syndrome by detecting homozygous (NM_001042472.3): c.871del (p.Tyr291IlefsTer28) novel pathogenic variation in the ABHD12 gene. Following the molecular diagnosis, he was referred to the neurology department for reverse phenotyping and sensorimotor demyelinating polyneuropathy was detected in the neurological evaluation. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we report a novel variation in ABHD12 gene in the first Turkish-origin PHARC patient. We present this study to contribute genotype-phenotype correlation of PHARC syndrome and emphasize the importance of molecular genetic diagnosis in order to determine the appropriate clinical approach. This report is essential for expanding the phenotypic spectrum in different populations and understanding the genotype-phenotype correlation of PHARC syndrome via novel pathogenic variation in the ABHD12 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senol Demir
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Orkun Sevik
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine,Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Ersoy
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilgen Bilge Geckinli
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Sahin
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine,Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Arslan Ates
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Minicucci F, Oikonomou FD, De Sanctis AA. Multifractal Analysis of Choroidal SDOCT Images in the Detection of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Tomography 2024; 10:480-492. [PMID: 38668395 PMCID: PMC11053729 DOI: 10.3390/tomography10040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate whether a multifractal analysis can be applied to study choroidal blood vessels and help ophthalmologists in the early diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). In a case study, we used spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT), which is a noninvasive and highly sensitive imaging technique of the retina and choroid. The image of a choroidal branching pattern can be regarded as a multifractal. Therefore, we calculated the generalized Renyi point-centered dimensions, which are considered a measure of the inhomogeneity of data, to prove that it increases in patients with RP as compared to those in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Minicucci
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | | | - Angela A. De Sanctis
- Department of Business Economics, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 65127 Pescara, Italy
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7
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Peng S, Li JJ, Song W, Li Y, Zeng L, Liang Q, Wen X, Shang H, Liu K, Peng P, Xue W, Zou B, Yang L, Liang J, Zhang Z, Guo S, Chen T, Li W, Jin M, Xing XB, Wan P, Liu C, Lin H, Wei H, Lee RWJ, Zhang F, Wei L. CRB1-associated retinal degeneration is dependent on bacterial translocation from the gut. Cell 2024; 187:1387-1401.e13. [PMID: 38412859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The Crumbs homolog 1 (CRB1) gene is associated with retinal degeneration, most commonly Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Here, we demonstrate that murine retinas bearing the Rd8 mutation of Crb1 are characterized by the presence of intralesional bacteria. While normal CRB1 expression was enriched in the apical junctional complexes of retinal pigment epithelium and colonic enterocytes, Crb1 mutations dampened its expression at both sites. Consequent impairment of the outer blood retinal barrier and colonic intestinal epithelial barrier in Rd8 mice led to the translocation of intestinal bacteria from the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract to the retina, resulting in secondary retinal degeneration. Either the depletion of bacteria systemically or the reintroduction of normal Crb1 expression colonically rescued Rd8-mutation-associated retinal degeneration without reversing the retinal barrier breach. Our data elucidate the pathogenesis of Crb1-mutation-associated retinal degenerations and suggest that antimicrobial agents have the potential to treat this devastating blinding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jing Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wanying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qiaoxing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Haitao Shang
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Keli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Peiyao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Juanran Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Shixin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Xiang-Bin Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Pengxia Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Chunqiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Richard W J Lee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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8
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Wang B, Arbuckle RK, Davoli KA, Clinger OD, Brown R, Sahel JA, Chen Y, Pi S. Compensation of inner retina to early-stage photoreceptor degeneration in a Rho P23H/+ mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109826. [PMID: 38340947 PMCID: PMC10940204 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal disorder characterized by the degeneration of photoreceptors. RhoP23H/+ mice, which carry a Pro23His mutation in the RHODOPSIN (Rho) gene, are one of the most studied animal models for RP. However, except for the photoreceptors, other retinal neural cells have not been fully investigated in this model. Here, we record the temporal changes of the retina by optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the RhoP23H/+ mice, from early to mid-phase of retinal degeneration. Based on thickness analysis, we identified a natural retinal thickness adaption in wild-type mice during early adulthood and observed morphological compensation of the inner retina layer to photoreceptor degeneration in the RhoP23H/+ mice, primarily on the inner nuclear layer (INL). RhoP23H/+ mice findings were further validated via: histology showing the negative correlation of INL and ONL thicknesses; as well as electroretinogram (ERG) showing an increased b-wave to a-wave ratio. These results unravel the sequential morphologic events in this model and suggest a better understanding of retinal degeneration of RP for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; UPMC Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Riley K Arbuckle
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; UPMC Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Katherine A Davoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; UPMC Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Owen D Clinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; UPMC Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Richard Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; UPMC Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; UPMC Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; UPMC Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Shaohua Pi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; UPMC Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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9
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Pantrangi M, Rath J, Kaetterhenry N, Branham K, Talsness D, Weber JL. Clinical sequencing of the retinitis pigmentosa gene RPGR in over 1,000 cases of vision loss. Mol Vis 2024; 30:49-57. [PMID: 38586605 PMCID: PMC10994678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
RPGR pathogenic variants are the major cause of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Here, we report the results from 1,033 clinical DNA tests that included sequencing of RPGR. A total of 184 RPGR variants were identified: 78 pathogenic or likely pathogenic, 14 uncertain, and 92 likely benign or benign. Among the pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants, 23 were novel, and most were frameshift or nonsense mutations (87%) and enriched (67%) in RPGR exon 15 (ORF15). Identical pathogenic variants found in different families were largely on different haplotype backgrounds, indicating relatively frequent, recurrent RPGR mutations. None of the 16 mother/affected son pairs showed de novo mutations; all 16 mothers were heterozygous for the pathogenic variant. These last two observations support the occurrence of most RPGR mutations in the male germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulatha Pantrangi
- PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences, Marshfield, WI
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Julie Rath
- PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences, Marshfield, WI
| | | | - Kari Branham
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dana Talsness
- PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences, Marshfield, WI
| | - James L Weber
- PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences, Marshfield, WI
- University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Pediatrics, Madison, WI
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10
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Yassin SH, Kalaw FGP, Li A, Fletcher E, Borooah S. Syndromic retinitis pigmentosa caused by biallelic SCAPER frameshift variant. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:63-71. [PMID: 37160720 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2204359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations in the SCAPER gene have previously been reported to be a rare cause of syndromic and non-syndromic autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). We report a case of syndromic RP caused by a frameshift heterozygous mutation in SCAPER. Our case has a relatively mild ocular phenotype with the presence of cone involvement noted on full field electroretinogram (ffERG) without impacting central or color vision. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 17-year-old male presented with progressive nyctalopia in both eyes. He underwent ophthalmic examination and multimodal imaging. A complete retinal degeneration panel consisting of 322 genes was used to screen for molecular causes of retinal dystrophy in this patient along with family segregation analysis. RESULTS Fundus examination of the proband revealed mild RP phenotype with waxy pallor of optic discs, attenuated retinal arterioles, and single bone spicule like pigmentary change in the mid-periphery bilaterally. Multimodal imaging and ffERG demonstrated a picture of RP with cone dysfunction without impacting central or color vision bilaterally. Examined family members were found to be normal. The proband was found to be heterozygous for two novel frameshift pathogenic variants in SCAPER c.3781del, p. (Val1261Serfs*26), c.868_869del, p. (Glu290Serfs*7) both leading to predicted premature termination. The family members tested were found to be heterozygous for SCAPER c.868_869del, p. (Glu290Serfs*7) pathogenic variant confirming their carrier status. CONCLUSION We report a case of a syndromic RP of previously unreported ocular phenotype associated with SCAPER pathogenic variant, which will add to the phenotypic spectrum of retinopathy and systemic features associated with pathogenic variants in SCAPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaden H Yassin
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Alexa Li
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Emily Fletcher
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Primary Care Medical Group, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shyamanga Borooah
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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11
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Chirinskaite AV, Rotov AY, Ermolaeva ME, Tkachenko LA, Vaganova AN, Danilov LG, Fedoseeva KN, Kostin NA, Sopova JV, Firsov ML, Leonova EI. Does Background Matter? A Comparative Characterization of Mouse Models of Autosomal Retinitis Pigmentosa rd1 and Pde6b-KO. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17180. [PMID: 38139011 PMCID: PMC10742838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Many retinal degenerative diseases result in vision impairment or permanent blindness due to photoreceptor loss or dysfunction. It has been observed that Pde6brd1 mice (rd1), which carry a spontaneous nonsense mutation in the pde6b gene, have a strong phenotypic similarity to patients suffering from autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. In this study, we present a novel mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa generated through pde6b gene knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We compare this Pde6b-KO mouse model to the rd1 mouse model to gain insights into the progression of retinal degeneration. The functional assessment of the mouse retina and the tracking of degeneration dynamics were performed using electrophysiological methods, while retinal morphology was analyzed through histology techniques. Interestingly, the Pde6b-KO mouse model demonstrated a higher amplitude of photoresponse than the rd1 model of the same age. At postnatal day 12, the thickness of the photoreceptor layer in both mouse models did not significantly differ from that of control animals; however, by day 15, a substantial reduction was observed. Notably, the decline in the number of photoreceptors in the rd1 model occurred at a significantly faster rate. These findings suggest that the C3H background may play a significant role in the early stages of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina V. Chirinskaite
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja Emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia (J.V.S.)
| | - Alexander Yu. Rotov
- Laboratory of Evolution of Sense Organs, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez Ave., 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia (M.L.F.)
| | - Mariia E. Ermolaeva
- Laboratory of Evolution of Sense Organs, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez Ave., 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia (M.L.F.)
| | - Lyubov A. Tkachenko
- Department of Cytology and Histology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja Emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia N. Vaganova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja Emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lavrentii G. Danilov
- Department of Genetics and biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja Emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ksenia N. Fedoseeva
- Resource Center “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja Emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nicolay A. Kostin
- Resource Center “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja Emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia V. Sopova
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja Emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia (J.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja Emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michael L. Firsov
- Laboratory of Evolution of Sense Organs, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez Ave., 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia (M.L.F.)
| | - Elena I. Leonova
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja Emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia (J.V.S.)
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12
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Liang Y, Sun X, Duan C, Tang S, Chen J. Application of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and organoids in inherited retinal diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:340. [PMID: 38012786 PMCID: PMC10683306 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) can induce severe sight-threatening retinal degeneration and impose a considerable economic burden on patients and society, making efforts to cure blindness imperative. Transgenic animals mimicking human genetic diseases have long been used as a primary research tool to decipher the underlying pathogenesis, but there are still some obvious limitations. As an alternative strategy, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), particularly three-dimensional (3D) organoid technology, are considered a promising platform for modeling different forms of IRDs, including retinitis pigmentosa, Leber congenital amaurosis, X-linked recessive retinoschisis, Batten disease, achromatopsia, and best vitelliform macular dystrophy. Here, this paper focuses on the status of patient-derived iPSCs and organoids in IRDs in recent years concerning disease modeling and therapeutic exploration, along with potential challenges for translating laboratory research to clinical application. Finally, the importance of human iPSCs and organoids in combination with emerging technologies such as multi-omics integration analysis, 3D bioprinting, or microfluidic chip platform are highlighted. Patient-derived retinal organoids may be a preferred choice for more accurately uncovering the mechanisms of human retinal diseases and will contribute to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Liang
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xihao Sun
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chunwen Duan
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, 410015, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China.
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, 410015, China.
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China.
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, 410015, China.
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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13
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Yang Q, Li J, Zeng S, Li Z, Liu X, Li J, Zhou W, Chai Y, Zhou D. Retinal Organoid Models Show Heterozygous Rhodopsin Mutation Favors Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Rods. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:681-692. [PMID: 37470211 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a prevalent inherited retinal degenerative disease resulting from photoreceptor and pigment epithelial apoptosis. The Rhodopsin (RHO) is the most commonly associated pathogenic gene in RP. However, RHO mutations (c.512C>T P171L) have been infrequently reported, and the RP pathogenesis caused by these mutations remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of RHO (c.512C>T P171L) mutation on retinal cell differentiation and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of RP. An effective retinal organoid induction scheme for inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway was selected for further experiments, and the established cell line chHES-406 was demonstrated to be heterozygous for RHO c.512C>T, with a normal karyotype and pluripotency potential. Furthermore, the development of chHES-406 organoids may be delayed, and apoptosis detection and co-localization revealed that chHES-406 organoids had more apoptotic cells than chHES-90 in the outer nuclear layer (ONL), mutant RHO protein was mislocalized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and stress-related and apoptotic gene expression increased. Overall, our study elucidated a possible mechanism by which ER stress caused by RHO P171L protein mislocalization may lead to ONL cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohui Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of Citic-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Jialin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Development and Carcinogenesis, Changsha, China
| | - Sicong Zeng
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of Citic-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Hunan Guangxiu Hospital, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Development and Carcinogenesis, Changsha, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of Citic-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Yujiao Chai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of Citic-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Di Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Development and Carcinogenesis, Changsha, China
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14
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Lozano B LL, Cervantes A LA. Development of experimental treatments for patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2023; 98:646-655. [PMID: 37640142 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited diseases that lead to degeneration of the retina and decreased vision. The World Health Organization reports around 1,300 million people affected by some type of visual impairment worldwide. The prevalence is 1 in every 4000 inhabitants and it is the first cause of blindness of genetic origin, frequent in men with a percentage of 60% and 40% in women. There is a lack of information on this pathology in the world, mainly on the existing treatments for this disease, so this bibliographic review aims to update the existing or under-study treatments and inform the limitations of each of these therapies. This review of scientific literature was carried out by consulting databases such as PubMed and Web of science, the search will be limited to articles from the years 2018-2022. There are several types of therapy in studies: gene therapy, transcorneal electrical stimulation, use of neuroprotectors, optogenic therapy, stem cell transplants and oligonucleotide therapy, which will be discussed in this article, both their benefits and the existing barriers in each treatment experimental. In conclusion, each of these therapies promises a viable treatment in the future for selective groups of people with retinitis pigmentosa, however, some therapies have shown benefit at the beginning of the disease, losing their efficacy in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Lozano B
- Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador.
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15
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Nowomiejska K, Baltaziak K, Całka P, Ciesielka M, Teresiński G, Rejdak R. Identification of the RPGR Gene Pathogenic Variants in a Cohort of Polish Male Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa Phenotype. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1950. [PMID: 37895299 PMCID: PMC10606843 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the study was to explore the spectrum of pathogenic variants in the RPGR gene in a group of male Polish patients with a retinitis pigmentosa (RP) phenotype. A total of 45 male index patients, including twins, being members of 44 families, were screened for pathogenic variants in the RPGR gene via the direct sequencing of PCR-amplified genomic DNA and underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination in one center located in Poland. A total of two pathogenic and five likely pathogenic variants in eight patients (18%) were detected in the studied cohort. Of these, five variants were novel, and five disease-causing variants (71%) were identified within the ORF15 mutational hotspot of the RPGR gene. The median age of onset of the disease was 10 years (range 6-14 years), the median age during the examination was 30 years (range 20-47 years), and the median visual acuity was 0.4 (range 0.01-0.7). The majority of patients had middle constriction of the visual field and thinning of the central foveal thickness. Dizygotic twins bearing the same hemizygous mutation showed a different retinal phenotype in regard to the severity of the symptoms. This is the first RPGR mutation screening in Poland showing a prevalence of 18% of RPGR pathogenic mutations and likely pathogenic variants in the studied cohort of male patients with an RP phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nowomiejska
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Baltaziak
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Paulina Całka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (P.C.); (M.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Marzanna Ciesielka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (P.C.); (M.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (P.C.); (M.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.); (R.R.)
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16
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Liu W, Zhu X, Ge X, Chen Y, Li DWC, Gong L. Light damage induces inflammatory factors in mouse retina and vitreous humor. Mol Vis 2023; 29:180-187. [PMID: 38222454 PMCID: PMC10784230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increased inflammatory factor levels have been reported in the vitreous humor (VH) of diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration, ocular diseases generally associated with the formation of new retinal blood vessels and leakage. However, the levels of inflammatory mediators are less known in retinal degeneration without neovascularization. Human retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and animal models of light-induced retinal degeneration (LIRD) share several features, such as photoreceptor death and retinal inflammation. Here, we aimed to determine the levels of inflammatory factors in the VH of the LIRD mouse model. Methods LIRD was induced by exposing BALB/c mice to white light (15,000 lx, 2 h), and the mice were recovered for 2 days before analysis (n = 50 mice). We assessed retinal morphology using optical coherence tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining; retinal cell viability was determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling, and retinal responses were measured based on electroretinogram signals. Total retinal RNAs were extracted and subjected to RNA sequencing analysis. VH samples from control (n = 4) and LIRD mice (n = 9) were assayed in triplicate for a panel of four inflammatory mediators using the Simple Plex Cartridge on an Ella System. Results Retinal degeneration, photoreceptor death, infiltration of microglia/macrophages into the photoreceptor layer, and loss of a- and b-waves were obviously detected after LIRD. RNA sequencing revealed that light damage (LD) led to the significant upregulation of inflammatory factors in mouse retinas. In the VH, LD increased the total protein concentration. Dramatic induction of CCL2 (~3000 fold) and IL6 (~10 fold) was detected in VH in response to LD. Increased but not significant levels of TNFα and IL1β were also detected in light-exposed VH. Conclusions Given that the LIRD model mimics RP pathogenesis in some aspects, these results suggest a causative link between retinal degeneration and VH inflammation in RP progression, and the increased CCL2 level in VH may reflect similar elevated CCL2 expression in the degenerative retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Xingfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Xiangyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Lili Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
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17
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Sakti DH, Cornish EE, Nash BM, Jamieson RV, Grigg JR. IMPDH1-associated autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa: natural history of novel variant Lys314Gln and a comprehensive literature search. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:437-455. [PMID: 37259572 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2215310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a key regulatory enzyme in the de novo synthesis of the purine base guanine. Mutations in the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 gene (IMPDH1) are causative for RP10 autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). This study reports a novel variant in a family with IMPDH1-associated retinopathy. We also performed a comprehensive review of all reported IMPDH1 disease causing variants with their associated phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multimodal imaging and functional studies documented the phenotype including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus photograph, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), full field electroretinogram (ffERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field (VF) data were collected. A literature search was performed in the PubMed and LOVD repositories. RESULTS We report 3 cases from a 2-generation family with a novel heterozygous likely pathogenic variant p. (Lys314Gln) (exon 10). The ophthalmic phenotype showed diffuse outer retinal atrophy with mild pigmentary changes with sparse pigmentary changes. FAF showed early macular involvement with macular hyperautofluorescence (hyperAF) surrounded by hypoAF. Foveal ellipsoid zone island can be found in the youngest patient but not in the older ones. The literature review identified a further 56 heterozygous, 1 compound heterozygous, and 2 homozygous variant. The heterozygous group included 43 missense, 3 in-frame, 1 nonsense, 2 frameshift, 1 synonymous, and 6 intronic variants. Exon 10 was noted as a hotspot harboring 18 variants. CONCLUSIONS We report a novel IMPDH1 variant. IMPDH1-associated retinopathy presents most frequently in the first decade of life with early macular involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhimas H Sakti
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elisa E Cornish
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Nash
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robyn V Jamieson
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John R Grigg
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Kılıçarslan O, Batu Oto B, Yetik H, Ağırbaşlı D, Kalaycı Yiğin A, Çelik G. Bilateral plaque like macular atrophy and pigmentary retinopathy in an infant with a missense mutation in the MFF gene. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:491-495. [PMID: 36946373 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2189945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ocular involvement has been shown in many of the primary mitochondrial diseases. Herein, we report a pediatric case of an extraordinary fundus appearance of bilateral plaque-like macular atrophy and hypopigmented flecks with homozygous MFF gene mutation. METHODS A case report. RESULTS An eighteen-month-old male infant presented with a lack of object tracking which was recognized in the last few months. Along with regression in normal development, myoclonic epilepsy signs and encephalomyelopathy were detected. Therefore, the patient was evaluated for mitochondrial diseases. Fundus examination revealed bilateral fine hypopigmented lesions in retinal pigment epithelium at midperiphery and periphery. Additionally, there was bilateral geographic atrophy that was separated from the adjacent normal retina with distinct borders in the fovea. Homozygous pT198A (c.592A>G) missense variation was detected in the MFF gene. CONCLUSION Maculopathy could be encountered in patients with MFF gene variation. Specific variants or some undiscovered genomic mutations may be the reason for this novel clinical appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bilge Batu Oto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Yetik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ağırbaşlı
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysel Kalaycı Yiğin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Çelik
- Department of Ophthalmology, ROP Screening, Treatment and Training Center, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Disease Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Lee SJ, Emery D, Vukmanic E, Wang Y, Lu X, Wang W, Fortuny E, James R, Kaplan HJ, Liu Y, Du J, Dean DC. Metabolic transcriptomics dictate responses of cone photoreceptors to retinitis pigmentosa. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113054. [PMID: 37656622 PMCID: PMC10591869 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mutations in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) arise in rod photoreceptors, but cone photoreceptors, responsible for high-resolution daylight and color vision, are subsequently affected, causing the most debilitating features of the disease. We used mass spectroscopy to follow 13C metabolites delivered to the outer retina and single-cell RNA sequencing to assess photoreceptor transcriptomes. The S cone metabolic transcriptome suggests engagement of the TCA cycle and ongoing response to ROS characteristic of oxidative phosphorylation, which we link to their histone modification transcriptome. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its downstream effector RIP3, which drive ROS generation via mitochondrial dysfunction, are induced and activated as S cones undergo early apoptosis in RP. The long/medium-wavelength (L/M) cone transcriptome shows enhanced glycolytic capacity, which maintains their function as RP progresses. Then, as extracellular glucose eventually diminishes, L/M cones are sustained in long-term dormancy by lactate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Medicine, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Kosin University College of Medicine, #262 Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Douglas Emery
- Department of Medicine, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Eric Vukmanic
- Department of Medicine, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yekai Wang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Lu
- Department of Medicine, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Enzo Fortuny
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Robert James
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO 63110, USA
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jianhai Du
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Department of Medicine, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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20
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Li X, Jiang Z, Su Y, Wang K, Jiang X, Sun K, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zhang L. Deletion of Emc1 in photoreceptor cells causes retinal degeneration in mice. FEBS J 2023; 290:4356-4370. [PMID: 37098815 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) plays a critical role in the synthesis of multipass membrane proteins. Genetic studies indicated that mutations in EMC1 gene were associated with retinal degeneration diseases; however, the role of EMC1 in photoreceptor has not been confirmed. Here, we show that Emc1 ablation in the photoreceptor cells of mice recapitulated the retinitis pigmentosa phenotypes, including an attenuated scotopic electroretinogram response and the progressive degeneration of rod cells and cone cells. Histopathological examination of tissues from rod-specific Emc1 knockout mice revealed mislocalized rhodopsin and irregularly arranged cone cells at the age of 2 months. Further immunoblotting analysis revealed decreased levels of membrane proteins and endoplasmic reticulum chaperones in 1-month-old rod-specific Emc1 knockout mice retinae, and this led us to speculate that the loss of membrane proteins is the main cause of the degeneration of photoreceptors. EMC1 most likely regulated the membrane protein levels at an earlier step in the biosynthetic process before the proteins translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum. The present study demonstrates the essential roles of Emc1 in photoreceptor cells, and reveals the mechanism through which EMC1 mutations are linked to retinitis pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhilin Jiang
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujing Su
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuanxiang Sun
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yeming Yang
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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21
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Jipa A, Juhász G. Disagreement among the three musketeers of the unfolded protein response. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202304013. [PMID: 37052884 PMCID: PMC10114540 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202304013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Jipa and Juhász preview results from the lab of Tao Wang (2023. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202208147) which show a surprising antagonism between two branches of the unfolded protein response that dictates disease progression in a model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Jipa
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Zhao N, Li N, Wang T. PERK prevents rhodopsin degradation during retinitis pigmentosa by inhibiting IRE1-induced autophagy. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202208147. [PMID: 37022709 PMCID: PMC10082367 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202208147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is the underlying cause of many degenerative diseases, including autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). In adRP, mutant rhodopsins accumulate and cause ER stress. This destabilizes wild-type rhodopsin and triggers photoreceptor cell degeneration. To reveal the mechanisms by which these mutant rhodopsins exert their dominant-negative effects, we established an in vivo fluorescence reporter system to monitor mutant and wild-type rhodopsin in Drosophila. By performing a genome-wide genetic screen, we found that PERK signaling plays a key role in maintaining rhodopsin homeostasis by attenuating IRE1 activities. Degradation of wild-type rhodopsin is mediated by selective autophagy of ER, which is induced by uncontrolled IRE1/XBP1 signaling and insufficient proteasome activities. Moreover, upregulation of PERK signaling prevents autophagy and suppresses retinal degeneration in the adRP model. These findings establish a pathological role for autophagy in this neurodegenerative condition and indicate that promoting PERK activity could be used to treat ER stress-related neuropathies, including adRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Ortega JT, Parmar T, Jastrzebska B. Galanin receptor 3 - A new pharmacological target in retina degeneration. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106675. [PMID: 36693600 PMCID: PMC9918719 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide galanin receptor 3 (GALR3) is a class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) broadly expressed in the nervous system, including the retina. GALR3 is involved in the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Tight control of these processes is critical for maintaining homeostasis in the retina and is required to sustain vision. Here, we investigated the role of GALR3 in retina pathologies triggered by bright light and P23H mutation in the rhodopsin (RHO) gene, associated with the activation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. We used a multiphase approach involving pharmacological inhibition of GALR3 with its antagonist SNAP-37889 and genetic depletion of GALR3 to modulate the GALR3 signaling. Our in vitro experiments in the retinal pigment epithelium-derived cells (ARPE19) susceptible to all-trans-retinal toxicity indicated that GALR3 could be involved in the cellular stress response to this phototoxic product. Indeed, blocking the GALR3 signaling in Abca4-/-/Rdh8-/- and wild-type Balb/cJ mice, sensitive to bright light-induced retina damage, protected retina health in these mice exposed to light. The retina morphology and function were substantially improved, and stress response processes were reduced in these mouse models compared to the controls. Furthermore, in P23H Rho knock-in mice, a model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP), both pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation of GALR3 prolonged the survival of photoreceptors. These results indicate that GALR3 signaling contributes to acute light-induced and chronic RP-linked retinopathies. Together, this work provides the pharmacological knowledge base to evaluate GALR3 as a potential target for developing novel therapies to combat retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tanu Parmar
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Beata Jastrzebska
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Müller glia are the principal macroglia of the retina and support retinal neurons both in health and disease. In retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a highly heterogeneous inherited retinal disorder, the most common form of pathology involves primary rod degeneration, followed by secondary cone death. To investigate Müller glia responses to rod degeneration, we performed droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing in the rd10 mouse model of RP during primary rod degeneration. We confirmed known MG behavior on gliosis, metabolic, and immune functions. Pde6brd10 Müller glia also exhibited an increased expression of histocompatibility complex members, which might arise from a novel immune function of Müller glia in RP. We also describe a possible decrease in glial lipid biogenesis, which might affect degenerating photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Sigurdsson
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Grimm
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Caruso SM, Tsai YT, da Costa BL, Kolesnikova M, Jenny LA, Tsang SH, Quinn PMJ. Prime Editing Strategy to Install the PRPH2 c.828+1G>A Mutation. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1415:97-102. [PMID: 37440020 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in peripherin 2 (PRPH2) are associated with a spectrum of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) including retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and macular degeneration. As PRPH2 is localized to cone and rod outer segments, mutations in PRPH2 lead the disorganization or absence of photoreceptor outer segments. Here, we report on a patient with PRPH2-linked RP who exhibited widespread RPE atrophy with a central area of macular atrophy sparing the fovea. In future studies, we plan to model the pathobiology of PRPH2-based RP using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal organoids. To effectively model rare mutations using iPSC-derived retinal organoids, we first require a strategy that can install the desired mutation in healthy wild-type iPSC, which can efficiently generate well-laminated retinal organoids. In this study, we developed an efficient prime editing strategy for the installation of the pathogenic PRPH2 c.828+1 G>A splice-site mutation underlying our patient's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Marco Caruso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruna Lopes da Costa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Masha Kolesnikova
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura A Jenny
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter M J Quinn
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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26
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Leong YC, Sowden JC. Modeling Retinitis Pigmentosa with Patient-Derived iPSCs. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1415:555-563. [PMID: 37440086 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) causes blindness in 1 out of 3000-4000 individuals worldwide. Understanding the disease mechanism underlying the death of photoreceptors in RP patient is crucial for the discovery and development of therapies to prevent and stop the progression of retinal degeneration. Despite having provided valuable insight into RP pathology, several shortcomings of animal models warrant the need for a better modeling system. This review discusses the current use of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to model RP and its advantages over animal models. Further improvement to enhance the representativeness of iPSC RP models is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh Chwan Leong
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Jane C Sowden
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
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27
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Bjeloš M, Bušić M, Ćurić A, Šarić B, Bosnar D, Marković L, Kuzmanović Elabjer B, Rak B. RPE65 c.353G>A, p.(Arg118Lys): A Novel Point Mutation Associated with Retinitis Pigmentosa and Macular Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810513. [PMID: 36142423 PMCID: PMC9501323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise genetic diagnosis in RPE65-mediated retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is necessary to establish eligibility for genetic treatment with voretigene neparvovec: a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector providing a functional RPE65 gene. This case report aims to report a novel RP-related point mutation RPE65 c.353G>A, p.(Arg118Lys), a variant of uncertain significance associated with a severe clinical presentation and the striking phenotypic feature of complete macular atrophy. We report the case of a 40-year-old male with inherited retinal dystrophy, all features typical for the RPE65-associated RP, and marked macular atrophy. Genetic testing identified that the patient was a compound heterozygote in trans form with two heterozygous variants: RPE65 c.499G>T, p.(Asp167Tyr) and RPE65 c.353G>A, p.(Arg118Lys). Furthermore, short-wavelength and near-infrared autofluorescence patterns exhibited deficiencies specific to mutations in the visual cycle genes. To the best of our knowledge, RPE65 c.353G>A, p.(Arg118Lys) is the first described point mutation on this locus, among all other reported insertional mutations, currently classified as likely benign and of uncertain significance. We concluded that this variant contributed to the pathological phenotype, demonstrating its significance clearly to be reclassified as likely pathogenic. This being the case, patients with this specific variant in homozygous or compound heterozygous form would be likely candidates for genetic treatment with voretigene neparvovec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Bjeloš
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mladen Bušić
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-3712-129
| | - Ana Ćurić
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Borna Šarić
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Bosnar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Leon Marković
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Biljana Kuzmanović Elabjer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Benedict Rak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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28
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Corvi F, Juhn A, Corradetti G, Nguyen TV, Fawzi AA, Sarraf D, Sadda SR. MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF CRB1 RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA WITH A PERIPHERAL RETINAL TUMOR. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2022; 16:407-410. [PMID: 32976229 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the multimodal imaging findings of a patient with gene- crumbs 1 -associated retinitis pigmentosa (RP) characterized by preservation of para-arteriolar retinal pigment epithelium and a peripheral retinal tumor. METHODS A 27-year-old woman was referred to our center because of progressive decreased vision in both eyes with a diagnosis of gene- crumbs 1 -associated RP. Fundus examination was remarkable for attenuated retinal vessels and bone spicule migration that was bilateral and symmetric. In addition, an elevated yellow-white mass with dilated retinal vessels was noted in the superotemporal midperiphery of the retina in the left eye without any associated exudation. RESULTS Diffuse retinal pigment epithelium mottling was present but spared the area along the retinal arterioles. Swept-source optical coherence tomography showed diffuse outer retinal atrophy. Optical coherence tomography angiography of the peripheral lesion illustrated extensive vascularity and a possible retinal feeder vessel communicating with the tumor at its inferior margin. The phenotype of the lesion showed overlap with a vasoproliferative tumor or an astrocytic hamartoma. Over a period of 5 years of follow-up, the peripheral tumor was unchanged. No significant progression of the peripheral retinal degeneration was evidenced by autofluorescent imaging over this time period although the central acuity continued to decrease. CONCLUSION Gene- crumbs 1 -associated RP may be characterized by preservation of the para-arteriolar retinal pigment epithelium and slow progression and may also feature a benign peripheral retinal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Corvi
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco," Eye Clinic, Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Alexander Juhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Giulia Corradetti
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tieu Vy Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amani A Fawzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Sarraf
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - SriniVas R Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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29
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Wu WH, Tsai YT, Huang IW, Cheng CH, Hsu CW, Cui X, Ryu J, Quinn PMJ, Caruso SM, Lin CS, Tsang SH. CRISPR genome surgery in a novel humanized model for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1407-1420. [PMID: 35150888 PMCID: PMC9077379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in rhodopsin (RHO) are the most common causes of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP), accounting for 20% to 30% of all cases worldwide. However, the high degree of genetic heterogeneity makes development of effective therapies cumbersome. To provide a universal solution to RHO-related adRP, we devised a CRISPR-based, mutation-independent gene ablation and replacement (AR) compound therapy carried by a dual AAV2/8 system. Moreover, we developed a novel hRHOC110R/hRHOWT humanized mouse model to assess the AR treatment in vivo. Results show that this humanized RHO mouse model exhibits progressive rod-cone degeneration that phenocopies hRHOC110R/hRHOWT patients. In vivo transduction of AR AAV8 dual vectors remarkably ablates endogenous RHO expression and overexpresses exogenous WT hRHO. Furthermore, the administration of AR during adulthood significantly hampers photoreceptor degeneration both histologically and functionally for at least 6 months compared with sole gene replacement or surgical trauma control. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of AR treatment of adRP in the human genomic context while revealing the feasibility of its application for other autosomal dominant disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Wu
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and the Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - I-Wen Huang
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and the Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chia-Hua Cheng
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and the Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Hsu
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and the Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xuan Cui
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and the Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joseph Ryu
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and the Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter M J Quinn
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and the Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Chyuang-Sheng Lin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and the Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary degenerative diseases affecting 1 of 4000 people worldwide and being the most prevalent cause of visual handicap among working populations in developed countries. These disorders are mainly related to the abnormalities in the rod G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), rhodopsin reflected in the dysregulated membrane trafficking, stability and phototransduction processes that lead to progressive loss of retina function and eventually blindness. Currently, there is no cure for RP, and the therapeutic options are limited. Targeting rhodopsin with small molecule chaperones to improve the folding and stability of the mutant receptor is one of the most promising pharmacological approaches to alleviate the pathology of RP. This review provides an update on the current knowledge regarding small molecule compounds that have been evaluated as rhodopsin modulators to be considered as leads for the development of novel therapies for RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Beata Jastrzebska
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Optogenetics Shows Promise in Landmark Study. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2856-7. [PMID: 34523228 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nguyen XTA, Almushattat H, Strubbe I, Georgiou M, Li CHZ, van Schooneveld MJ, Joniau I, De Baere E, Florijn RJ, Bergen AA, Hoyng CB, Michaelides M, Leroy BP, Boon CJF. The Phenotypic Spectrum of Patients with PHARC Syndrome Due to Variants in ABHD12: An Ophthalmic Perspective. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1404. [PMID: 34573385 PMCID: PMC8467809 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the phenotypic spectrum of PHARC (polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa and early-onset cataract) syndrome caused by biallelic variants in the ABHD12 gene. A total of 15 patients from 12 different families were included, with a mean age of 36.7 years (standard deviation [SD] ± 11.0; range from 17.5 to 53.9) at the most recent examination. The presence and onset of neurological, audiological and ophthalmic symptoms were variable, with no evident order of symptom appearance. The mean best-corrected visual acuity was 1.1 logMAR (SD ± 0.9; range from 0.1 to 2.8; equivalent to 20/250 Snellen) and showed a trend of progressive decline. Different types of cataract were observed in 13 out of 15 patients (87%), which also included congenital forms of cataract. Fundus examination revealed macular involvement in all patients, ranging from alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium to macular atrophy. Intraretinal spicular hyperpigmentation was observed in 7 out of 15 patients (47%). From an ophthalmic perspective, clinical manifestations in patients with PHARC demonstrate variability with regard to their onset and severity. Given the variable nature of PHARC, an early multidisciplinary assessment is recommended to assess disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Thanh-An Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.A.); (M.J.v.S.)
| | - Hind Almushattat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.A.); (M.J.v.S.)
| | - Ine Strubbe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.S.); (I.J.); (B.P.L.)
| | - Michalis Georgiou
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (M.G.); (M.M.)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Catherina H. Z. Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.H.Z.L.); (C.B.H.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mary J. van Schooneveld
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.A.); (M.J.v.S.)
| | - Inge Joniau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.S.); (I.J.); (B.P.L.)
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Ralph J. Florijn
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.J.F.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Arthur A. Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.J.F.); (A.A.B.)
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel B. Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.H.Z.L.); (C.B.H.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (M.G.); (M.M.)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Bart P. Leroy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.S.); (I.J.); (B.P.L.)
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Camiel J. F. Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.A.); (M.J.v.S.)
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Abstract
Retinal diseases are the primary reasons for severe visual defects and irreversible blindness. Retinal diseases are also inherited and acquired. Both of them are caused by mutations in genes or disruptions in specific gene expression, which can be treated by gene-editing therapy. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas9) system is a frontier of gene-editing tools with great potential for therapeutic applications in the ophthalmology field to modify abnormal genes and treat the genome or epigenome-related retinal diseases. The CRISPR system is able to edit and trim the gene include deletion, insertion, inhibition, activation, replacing, remodeling, epigenetic alteration, and modify the gene expression. CRISPR-based genome editing techniques have indicated the enormous potential to treat retinal diseases that previous treatment was not available for them. Also, recent CRISPR genome surgery experiments have shown the improvement of patient's vision who suffered from severe visual loss. In this article, we review the applications of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in human or animal models for treating retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), then we survey limitations of CRISPR system for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Rasoulinejad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Maroufi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Sterrett MC, Enyenihi L, Leung SW, Hess L, Strassler SE, Farchi D, Lee RS, Withers ES, Kremsky I, Baker RE, Basrai MA, van Hoof A, Fasken MB, Corbett AH. A budding yeast model for human disease mutations in the EXOSC2 cap subunit of the RNA exosome complex. RNA 2021; 27:1046-1067. [PMID: 34162742 PMCID: PMC8370739 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078618.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RNA exosomopathies, a growing family of diseases, are linked to missense mutations in genes encoding structural subunits of the evolutionarily conserved, 10-subunit exoribonuclease complex, the RNA exosome. This complex consists of a three-subunit cap, a six-subunit, barrel-shaped core, and a catalytic base subunit. While a number of mutations in RNA exosome genes cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia, mutations in the cap subunit gene EXOSC2 cause an apparently distinct clinical presentation that has been defined as a novel syndrome SHRF (short stature, hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa, and distinctive facies). We generated the first in vivo model of the SHRF pathogenic amino acid substitutions using budding yeast by modeling pathogenic EXOSC2 missense mutations (p.Gly30Val and p.Gly198Asp) in the orthologous S. cerevisiae gene RRP4 The resulting rrp4 mutant cells show defects in cell growth and RNA exosome function. Consistent with altered RNA exosome function, we detect significant transcriptomic changes in both coding and noncoding RNAs in rrp4-G226D cells that model EXOSC2 p.Gly198Asp, suggesting defects in nuclear surveillance. Biochemical and genetic analyses suggest that the Rrp4 G226D variant subunit shows impaired interactions with key RNA exosome cofactors that modulate the function of the complex. These results provide the first in vivo evidence that pathogenic missense mutations present in EXOSC2 impair the function of the RNA exosome. This study also sets the stage to compare exosomopathy models to understand how defects in RNA exosome function underlie distinct pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Sterrett
- Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Liz Enyenihi
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Sara W Leung
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Laurie Hess
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Sarah E Strassler
- Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Daniela Farchi
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Richard S Lee
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Elise S Withers
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Isaac Kremsky
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA
| | - Richard E Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Munira A Basrai
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ambro van Hoof
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Milo B Fasken
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Pietra G, Bonifacino T, Talamonti D, Bonanno G, Sale A, Galli L, Baroncelli L. Visual Cortex Engagement in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179412. [PMID: 34502320 PMCID: PMC8431500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a family of inherited disorders caused by the progressive degeneration of retinal photoreceptors. There is no cure for RP, but recent research advances have provided promising results from many clinical trials. All these therapeutic strategies are focused on preserving existing photoreceptors or substituting light-responsive elements. Vision recovery, however, strongly relies on the anatomical and functional integrity of the visual system beyond photoreceptors. Although the retinal structure and optic pathway are substantially preserved at least in early stages of RP, studies describing the visual cortex status are missing. Using a well-established mouse model of RP, we analyzed the response of visual cortical circuits to the progressive degeneration of photoreceptors. We demonstrated that the visual cortex goes through a transient and previously undescribed alteration in the local excitation/inhibition balance, with a net shift towards increased intracortical inhibition leading to improved filtering and decoding of corrupted visual inputs. These results suggest a compensatory action of the visual cortex that increases the range of residual visual sensitivity in RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Pietra
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, I-16148 Genova, Italy; (T.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Davide Talamonti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, I-34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, I-16148 Genova, Italy; (T.B.); (G.B.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sale
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Lucia Galli
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Laura Baroncelli
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, I-56128 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-503-153199; Fax: +39-503-153220
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Mbefo M, Berger A, Schouwey K, Gérard X, Kostic C, Beryozkin A, Sharon D, Dolfuss H, Munier F, Tran HV, van Lohuizen M, Beltran WA, Arsenijevic Y. Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) Contributes to Rod Photoreceptor Death Process in Several Forms of Retinal Degeneration and Its Activity Can Serve as a Biomarker for Therapy Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179331. [PMID: 34502238 PMCID: PMC8430630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) are due to various gene mutations. Each mutated gene instigates a specific cell homeostasis disruption, leading to a modification in gene expression and retinal degeneration. We previously demonstrated that the polycomb-repressive complex-1 (PRC1) markedly contributes to the cell death process. To better understand these mechanisms, we herein study the role of PRC2, specifically EZH2, which often initiates the gene inhibition by PRC1. We observed that the epigenetic mark H3K27me3 generated by EZH2 was progressively and strongly expressed in some individual photoreceptors and that the H3K27me3-positive cell number increased before cell death. H3K27me3 accumulation occurs between early (accumulation of cGMP) and late (CDK4 expression) events of retinal degeneration. EZH2 hyperactivity was observed in four recessive and two dominant mouse models of retinal degeneration, as well as two dog models and one IRD patient. Acute pharmacological EZH2 inhibition by intravitreal injection decreased the appearance of H3K27me3 marks and the number of TUNEL-positive cells revealing that EZH2 contributes to the cell death process. Finally, we observed that the absence of the H3K27me3 mark is a biomarker of gene therapy treatment efficacy in XLRPA2 dog model. PRC2 and PRC1 are therefore important actors in the degenerative process of multiple forms of IRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martial Mbefo
- Unit of Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.M.); (A.B.); (K.S.); (X.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Adeline Berger
- Unit of Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.M.); (A.B.); (K.S.); (X.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Karine Schouwey
- Unit of Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.M.); (A.B.); (K.S.); (X.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Xavier Gérard
- Unit of Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.M.); (A.B.); (K.S.); (X.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Corinne Kostic
- Unit of Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.M.); (A.B.); (K.S.); (X.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Avigail Beryozkin
- Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (A.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Dror Sharon
- Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (A.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Hélène Dolfuss
- UMR_S 1112, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicales, University of Strasbourg, CEDEX, 67084 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Francis Munier
- Unit of Oculogenetics, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.M.); (H.V.T.)
| | - Hoai Viet Tran
- Unit of Oculogenetics, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.M.); (H.V.T.)
| | | | - William A. Beltran
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Yvan Arsenijevic
- Unit of Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.M.); (A.B.); (K.S.); (X.G.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Schellens R, de Vrieze E, Graave P, Broekman S, Nagel-Wolfrum K, Peters T, Kremer H, Collin RWJ, van Wijk E. Zebrafish as a Model to Evaluate a CRISPR/Cas9-Based Exon Excision Approach as a Future Treatment Option for EYS-Associated Retinitis Pigmentosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179154. [PMID: 34502064 PMCID: PMC8431288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal disease (IRD) with an overall prevalence of 1 in 4000 individuals. Mutations in EYS (Eyes shut homolog) are among the most frequent causes of non-syndromic autosomal recessively inherited RP and act via a loss-of-function mechanism. In light of the recent successes for other IRDs, we investigated the therapeutic potential of exon skipping for EYS-associated RP. CRISPR/Cas9 was employed to generate zebrafish from which the region encompassing the orthologous exons 37-41 of human EYS (eys exons 40-44) was excised from the genome. The excision of these exons was predicted to maintain the open reading frame and to result in the removal of exactly one Laminin G and two EGF domains. Although the eysΔexon40-44 transcript was found at levels comparable to wild-type eys, and no unwanted off-target modifications were identified within the eys coding sequence after single-molecule sequencing, EysΔexon40-44 protein expression could not be detected. Visual motor response experiments revealed that eysΔexon40-44 larvae were visually impaired and histological analysis revealed a progressive degeneration of the retinal outer nuclear layer in these zebrafish. Altogether, the data obtained in our zebrafish model currently provide no indications for the skipping of EYS exons 37-41 as an effective future treatment strategy for EYS-associated RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske Schellens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.S.); (E.d.V.); (S.B.); (T.P.); (H.K.)
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Erik de Vrieze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.S.); (E.d.V.); (S.B.); (T.P.); (H.K.)
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Pam Graave
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Sanne Broekman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.S.); (E.d.V.); (S.B.); (T.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Theo Peters
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.S.); (E.d.V.); (S.B.); (T.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Hannie Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.S.); (E.d.V.); (S.B.); (T.P.); (H.K.)
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Rob W. J. Collin
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Erwin van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.S.); (E.d.V.); (S.B.); (T.P.); (H.K.)
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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Wang SK, Xue Y, Cepko CL. Augmentation of CD47/SIRPα signaling protects cones in genetic models of retinal degeneration. JCI Insight 2021; 6:150796. [PMID: 34197341 PMCID: PMC8409989 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), can be caused by thousands of different mutations, a small number of which have been successfully treated with gene replacement. However, this approach has yet to scale and may not be feasible in many cases, highlighting the need for interventions that could benefit more patients. Here, we found that microglial phagocytosis is upregulated during cone degeneration in RP, suggesting that expression of "don't-eat-me" signals such as CD47 might confer protection to cones. To test this, we delivered an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector expressing CD47 on cones, which promoted cone survival in 3 mouse models of RP and preserved visual function. Cone rescue with CD47 required a known interacting protein, signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα), but not an alternative interacting protein, thrombospondin-1 (TSP1). Despite the correlation between increased microglial phagocytosis and cone death, microglia were dispensable for the prosurvival activity of CD47, suggesting that CD47 interacts with SIRPα on nonmicroglial cells to alleviate degeneration. These findings establish augmentation of CD47/SIRPα signaling as a potential treatment strategy for RP and possibly other forms of neurodegeneration.
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Roshandel D, Thompson JA, Heath Jeffery RC, Zhang D, Lamey TM, McLaren TL, De Roach JN, McLenachan S, Mackey DA, Chen FK. Clinical Evidence for the Importance of the Wild-Type PRPF31 Allele in the Phenotypic Expression of RP11. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060915. [PMID: 34198599 PMCID: PMC8232116 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PRPF31-associated retinopathy (RP11) is a common form of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) that exhibits wide variation in phenotype ranging from non-penetrance to early-onset RP. Herein, we report inter-familial and intra-familial variation in the natural history of RP11 using multimodal imaging and microperimetry. Patients were recruited prospectively. The age of symptom onset, best-corrected visual acuity, microperimetry mean sensitivity (MS), residual ellipsoid zone span and hyperautofluorescent ring area were recorded. Genotyping was performed using targeted next-generation and Sanger sequencing and copy number variant analysis. PRPF31 mutations were found in 14 individuals from seven unrelated families. Four disease patterns were observed: (A) childhood onset with rapid progression (N = 4), (B) adult-onset with rapid progression (N = 4), (C) adult-onset with slow progression (N = 4) and (D) non-penetrance (N = 2). Four different patterns were observed in a family harbouring c.267del; patterns B, C and D were observed in a family with c.772_773delins16 and patterns A, B and C were observed in 3 unrelated individuals with large deletions. Our findings suggest that the RP11 phenotype may be related to the wild-type PRPF31 allele rather than the type of mutation. Further studies that correlate in vitro wild-type PRPF31 allele expression level with the disease patterns are required to investigate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Roshandel
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Jennifer A. Thompson
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Rachael C. Heath Jeffery
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Dan Zhang
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Tina M. Lamey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Terri L. McLaren
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - John N. De Roach
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Fred K. Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-08-9381-0777
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Lin TY, Chang YC, Hsiao YJ, Chien Y, Jheng YC, Wu JR, Ching LJ, Hwang DK, Hsu CC, Lin TC, Chou YB, Huang YM, Chen SJ, Yang YP, Tsai PH. Identification of Novel Genomic-Variant Patterns of OR56A5, OR52L1, and CTSD in Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients by Whole-Exome Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115594. [PMID: 34070492 PMCID: PMC8198027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are rare but highly heterogeneous genetic disorders that affect individuals and families worldwide. However, given its wide variability, its analysis of the driver genes for over 50% of the cases remains unexplored. The present study aims to identify novel driver genes, disease-causing variants, and retinitis pigmentosa (RP)-associated pathways. Using family-based whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify putative RP-causing rare variants, we identified a total of five potentially pathogenic variants located in genes OR56A5, OR52L1, CTSD, PRF1, KBTBD13, and ATP2B4. Of the variants present in all affected individuals, genes OR56A5, OR52L1, CTSD, KBTBD13, and ATP2B4 present as missense mutations, while PRF1 and CTSD present as frameshift variants. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of the novel pathogenic variant PRF1 (c.124_128del) that has not been reported previously. More causal-effect or evidence-based studies will be required to elucidate the precise roles of these SNPs in the RP pathogenesis. Taken together, our findings may allow us to explore the risk variants based on the sequencing data and upgrade the existing variant annotation database in Taiwan. It may help detect specific eye diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yi Lin
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Chia Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (D.-K.H.); (C.-C.H.); (T.-C.L.); (Y.-B.C.); (Y.-M.H.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Yu-Jer Hsiao
- College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (J.-R.W.); (L.-J.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Jheng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (J.-R.W.); (L.-J.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Big Data Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Rong Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (J.-R.W.); (L.-J.C.)
| | - Lo-Jei Ching
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (J.-R.W.); (L.-J.C.)
| | - De-Kuang Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (D.-K.H.); (C.-C.H.); (T.-C.L.); (Y.-B.C.); (Y.-M.H.); (S.-J.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (J.-R.W.); (L.-J.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (D.-K.H.); (C.-C.H.); (T.-C.L.); (Y.-B.C.); (Y.-M.H.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Tai-Chi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (D.-K.H.); (C.-C.H.); (T.-C.L.); (Y.-B.C.); (Y.-M.H.); (S.-J.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (J.-R.W.); (L.-J.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Bai Chou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (D.-K.H.); (C.-C.H.); (T.-C.L.); (Y.-B.C.); (Y.-M.H.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Yi-Ming Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (D.-K.H.); (C.-C.H.); (T.-C.L.); (Y.-B.C.); (Y.-M.H.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (D.-K.H.); (C.-C.H.); (T.-C.L.); (Y.-B.C.); (Y.-M.H.); (S.-J.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (J.-R.W.); (L.-J.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Critical Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-P.Y.); (P.H.T.); Tel.: +886-2-2875-7394 (Y.-P.Y.); +886-2-2875-7394 (P.H.T.)
| | - Ping-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (J.-R.W.); (L.-J.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-P.Y.); (P.H.T.); Tel.: +886-2-2875-7394 (Y.-P.Y.); +886-2-2875-7394 (P.H.T.)
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van de Plassche SR, de Brouwer APM. MED12-Related (Neuro)Developmental Disorders: A Question of Causality. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:663. [PMID: 33925166 PMCID: PMC8146938 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MED12 is a member of the Mediator complex that is involved in the regulation of transcription. Missense variants in MED12 cause FG syndrome, Lujan-Fryns syndrome, and Ohdo syndrome, as well as non-syndromic intellectual disability (ID) in hemizygous males. Recently, female patients with de novo missense variants and de novo protein truncating variants in MED12 were described, resulting in a clinical spectrum centered around ID and Hardikar syndrome without ID. The missense variants are found throughout MED12, whether they are inherited in hemizygous males or de novo in females. They can result in syndromic or nonsyndromic ID. The de novo nonsense variants resulting in Hardikar syndrome that is characterized by facial clefting, pigmentary retinopathy, biliary anomalies, and intestinal malrotation, are found more N-terminally, whereas the more C-terminally positioned variants are de novo protein truncating variants that cause a severe, syndromic phenotype consisting of ID, facial dysmorphism, short stature, skeletal abnormalities, feeding difficulties, and variable other abnormalities. This broad range of distinct phenotypes calls for a method to distinguish between pathogenic and non-pathogenic variants in MED12. We propose an isogenic iNeuron model to establish the unique gene expression patterns that are associated with the specific MED12 variants. The discovery of these patterns would help in future diagnostics and determine the causality of the MED12 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arjan P. M. de Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
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Fadaie Z, Whelan L, Dockery A, Li CHZ, van den Born LI, Hoyng CB, Gilissen C, Corominas J, Rowlands C, Megaw R, Lampe AK, Cremers FPM, Farrar GJ, Ellingford JM, Kenna PF, Roosing S. BBS1 branchpoint variant is associated with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa. J Med Genet 2021; 59:438-444. [PMID: 33910932 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) can be caused by variants in >270 genes. The Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 (BBS1) gene is one of these genes and may be associated with syndromic and non-syndromic autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Here, we identified a branchpoint variant in BBS1 and assessed its pathogenicity by in vitro functional analysis. METHODS Whole genome sequencing was performed for three unrelated monoallelic BBS1 cases with non-syndromic RP. A fourth case received MGCM 105 gene panel analysis. Functional analysis using a midigene splice assay was performed for the putative pathogenic branchpoint variant in BBS1. After confirmation of its pathogenicity, patients were clinically re-evaluated, including assessment of non-ocular features of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. RESULTS Clinical assessments of probands showed that all individuals displayed non-syndromic RP with macular involvement. Through detailed variant analysis and prioritisation, two pathogenic variants in BBS1, the most common missense variant, c.1169T>G (p.(Met390Arg)), and a branchpoint variant, c.592-21A>T, were identified. Segregation analysis confirmed that in all families, probands were compound heterozygous for c.1169T>G and c.592-21A>T. Functional analysis of the branchpoint variant revealed a complex splicing defect including exon 8 and exon 7/8 skipping, and partial in-frame deletion of exon 8. CONCLUSION A putative severe branchpoint variant in BBS1, together with a mild missense variant, underlies non-syndromic RP in four unrelated individuals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pathogenic branchpoint variant in IRDs that results in a complex splice defect. In addition, this research highlights the importance of the analysis of non-coding regions in order to provide a conclusive molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Fadaie
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Whelan
- School of Genetics & Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adrian Dockery
- School of Genetics & Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherina H Z Li
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carel B Hoyng
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Corominas
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlie Rowlands
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Domain, The University of Manchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - Roly Megaw
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne K Lampe
- South East of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gwyneth Jane Farrar
- School of Genetics & Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jamie M Ellingford
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Domain, The University of Manchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul F Kenna
- School of Genetics & Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Research Foundation, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susanne Roosing
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Terauchi R, Kohno H, Watanabe S, Saito S, Watanabe A, Nakano T. Minocycline decreases CCR2-positive monocytes in the retina and ameliorates photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0239108. [PMID: 33886548 PMCID: PMC8062037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal inflammation accelerates photoreceptor cell death caused by retinal degeneration. Minocycline, a semisynthetic broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic, has been previously reported to rescue photoreceptor cell death in retinal degeneration. We examined the effect of minocycline on retinal photoreceptor degeneration using c-mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (Mertk)−/−Cx3cr1GFP/+Ccr2RFP/+ mice, which enabled the observation of CX3CR1-green fluorescent protein (GFP)- and CCR2-red fluorescent protein (RFP)-positive macrophages by fluorescence. Retinas of Mertk−/−Cx3cr1GFP/+Ccr2RFP/+ mice showed photoreceptor degeneration and accumulation of GFP- and RFP-positive macrophages in the outer retina and subretinal space at 6 weeks of age. Mertk−/−Cx3cr1GFP/+Ccr2RFP/+ mice were intraperitoneally administered minocycline. The number of CCR2-RFP positive cells significantly decreased after minocycline treatment. Furthermore, minocycline administration resulted in partial reversal of the thinning of the outer nuclear layer and decreased the number of apoptotic cells, as assessed by the TUNEL assay, in Mertk−/−Cx3cr1GFP/+Ccr2RFP/+ mice. In conclusion, we found that minocycline ameliorated photoreceptor cell death in an inherited photoreceptor degeneration model due to Mertk gene deficiency and has an inhibitory effect on CCR2 positive macrophages, which is likely to be a neuroprotective mechanism of minocycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Terauchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Kohno
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Sumiko Watanabe
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saburo Saito
- Department of Molecular Immunology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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de Joya EM, Colbert BM, Tang PC, Lam BL, Yang J, Blanton SH, Dykxhoorn DM, Liu X. Usher Syndrome in the Inner Ear: Etiologies and Advances in Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3910. [PMID: 33920085 PMCID: PMC8068832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory disorder with ~466 million people worldwide affected, representing about 5% of the population. A substantial portion of hearing loss is genetic. Hearing loss can either be non-syndromic, if hearing loss is the only clinical manifestation, or syndromic, if the hearing loss is accompanied by a collage of other clinical manifestations. Usher syndrome is a syndromic form of genetic hearing loss that is accompanied by impaired vision associated with retinitis pigmentosa and, in many cases, vestibular dysfunction. It is the most common cause of deaf-blindness. Currently cochlear implantation or hearing aids are the only treatments for Usher-related hearing loss. However, gene therapy has shown promise in treating Usher-related retinitis pigmentosa. Here we review how the etiologies of Usher-related hearing loss make it a good candidate for gene therapy and discuss how various forms of gene therapy could be applied to Usher-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M. de Joya
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.M.J.); (B.M.C.); (P.-C.T.); (S.H.B.)
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Brett M. Colbert
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.M.J.); (B.M.C.); (P.-C.T.); (S.H.B.)
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Pei-Ciao Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.M.J.); (B.M.C.); (P.-C.T.); (S.H.B.)
| | - Byron L. Lam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Jun Yang
- John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA;
| | - Susan H. Blanton
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.M.J.); (B.M.C.); (P.-C.T.); (S.H.B.)
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Derek M. Dykxhoorn
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.M.J.); (B.M.C.); (P.-C.T.); (S.H.B.)
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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45
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Zhang L, Li Y, Qin L, Wu Y, Lei B. Autosomal Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa Associated with Three Novel REEP6 Variants in Chinese Population. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040537. [PMID: 33917198 PMCID: PMC8068040 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa 77 is caused by mutations of REEP6 (MIM: 609346), which encodes a protein for the development of photoreceptors. Our study was to identify disease-causing variants in three Chinese families using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Multiple lines of computational predictions combined with in vitro cellular experiments were applied to evaluate the pathogenicity of the newly found variants. Three novel variants in REEP6, including one missense variant, c.268G>C, one frameshift variant, c.468delC, and one splicing variant, c.598+1G>C, were found, while c.268G>C was detected in all probands. The three variants were classified as likely pathogenic by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). REEP6 variant proteins c.268G>C and c.468delC in cultured cells destabilized the REEP6 protein and induced intracellular inclusions. Our data suggested that REEP6 c.268G>C may be a recurrent causative variant in Chinese autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Zhang
- Graduate School, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China;
- Henan Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases, Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China;
| | - Ya Li
- Henan Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases, Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China;
| | - Litao Qin
- Henan Medical Genetics Institute, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China;
| | - Yu Wu
- Shanghai Flash Interpretation Biotechnology, Shanghai 201615, China;
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases, Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China;
- Correspondence:
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Kutsyr O, Maestre-Carballa L, Lluesma-Gomez M, Martinez-Garcia M, Cuenca N, Lax P. Retinitis pigmentosa is associated with shifts in the gut microbiome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6692. [PMID: 33758301 PMCID: PMC7988170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is known to influence the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. However, there has been relatively little focus upon the implications of the gut microbiome in retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Here, we investigated changes in gut microbiome composition linked to RP, by assessing both retinal degeneration and gut microbiome in the rd10 mouse model of RP as compared to control C57BL/6J mice. In rd10 mice, retinal responsiveness to flashlight stimuli and visual acuity were deteriorated with respect to observed in age-matched control mice. This functional decline in dystrophic animals was accompanied by photoreceptor loss, morphologic anomalies in photoreceptor cells and retinal reactive gliosis. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data showed a microbial gut dysbiosis with differences in alpha and beta diversity at the genera, species and amplicon sequence variants (ASV) levels between dystrophic and control mice. Remarkably, four fairly common ASV in healthy gut microbiome belonging to Rikenella spp., Muribaculaceace spp., Prevotellaceae UCG-001 spp., and Bacilli spp. were absent in the gut microbiome of retinal disease mice, while Bacteroides caecimuris was significantly enriched in mice with RP. The results indicate that retinal degenerative changes in RP are linked to relevant gut microbiome changes. The findings suggest that microbiome shifting could be considered as potential biomarker and therapeutic target for retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lucía Maestre-Carballa
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mónica Lluesma-Gomez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez-Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Institute Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
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Artero-Castro A, Long K, Bassett A, Ávila-Fernandez A, Cortón M, Vidal-Puig A, Jendelova P, Rodriguez-Jimenez FJ, Clemente E, Ayuso C, Erceg S. Gene Correction Recovers Phagocytosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived from Retinitis Pigmentosa-Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042092. [PMID: 33672445 PMCID: PMC7923278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary retinal dystrophies (HRD) represent a significant cause of blindness, affecting mostly retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors (PRs), and currently suffer from a lack of effective treatments. Highly specialized RPE and PR cells interact mutually in the functional retina, therefore primary HRD affecting one cell type leading to a secondary HRD in the other cells. Phagocytosis is one of the primary functions of the RPE and studies have discovered that mutations in the phagocytosis-associated gene Mer tyrosine kinase receptor (MERTK) lead to primary RPE dystrophy. Treatment strategies for this rare disease include the replacement of diseased RPE with healthy autologous RPE to prevent PR degeneration. The generation and directed differentiation of patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) may provide a means to generate autologous therapeutically-relevant adult cells, including RPE and PR. However, the continued presence of the MERTK gene mutation in patient-derived hiPSCs represents a significant drawback. Recently, we reported the generation of a hiPSC model of MERTK-associated Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) that recapitulates disease phenotype and the subsequent creation of gene-corrected RP-hiPSCs using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9. In this study, we differentiated gene-corrected RP-hiPSCs into RPE and found that these cells had recovered both wild-type MERTK protein expression and the lost phagocytosis of fluorescently-labeled photoreceptor outer segments observed in uncorrected RP-hiPSC-RPE. These findings provide proof-of-principle for the utility of gene-corrected hiPSCs as an unlimited cell source for personalized cell therapy of rare vision disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Artero-Castro
- Stem Cells Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (A.A.-C.); (F.J.R.-J.); (E.C.)
| | - Kathleen Long
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; (K.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrew Bassett
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; (K.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Almudena Ávila-Fernandez
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.Á.-F.); (M.C.); (C.A.)
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cortón
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.Á.-F.); (M.C.); (C.A.)
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neuroregeneration, Czech Academy of Science, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Francisco Javier Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Stem Cells Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (A.A.-C.); (F.J.R.-J.); (E.C.)
| | - Eleonora Clemente
- Stem Cells Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (A.A.-C.); (F.J.R.-J.); (E.C.)
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.Á.-F.); (M.C.); (C.A.)
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Slaven Erceg
- Stem Cells Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (A.A.-C.); (F.J.R.-J.); (E.C.)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neuroregeneration, Czech Academy of Science, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
- National Stem Cell Bank-Valencia Node, Proteomics, Genotyping and Cell Line Platform, PRB3, ISCIII, Research Centre Principe Felipe, c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-289-680 (ext. 1102)
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Türksever C, López Torres LT, Valmaggia C, Todorova MG. Retinal Oxygenation in Inherited Diseases of the Retina. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020272. [PMID: 33672973 PMCID: PMC7918478 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between retinal metabolic alterations (retinal vessel oximetry, RO) and structural findings (retinal vessel diameter, central retinal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, RNFL) in patients with inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). (2) Methods: A total of 181 eyes of 92 subjects were examined: 121 eyes of 62 patients with IRDs were compared to 60 eyes of 30 healthy age-matched controls. The retinal vessel oximetry was performed with the oxygen saturation measurement tool of the Retinal Vessel Analyser (RVA; IMEDOS Systems UG, Jena, Germany). The oxygen saturation in all four major peripapillary retinal arterioles (A-SO2; %) and venules (V-SO2; %) were measured and their difference (A-V SO2; %) was calculated. Additionally, retinal vessel diameters of the corresponding arterioles (D-A; µm) and venules (D-V; µm) were determined. The peripapillary central retinal thickness and the RNFL thickness were measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA). Moreover, we calculated the mean central retinal oxygen exposure (cO2-E; %/µm) and the mean peripapillary oxygen exposure (pO2-E; %/µm) per micron of central retinal thickness and nerve fiber layer thickness by dividing the mean central retinal thickness (CRT) and the RNFL thickness with the mean A-V SO2. (3) Results: Rod-cone dystrophy patients had the highest V-SO2 and A-SO2, the lowest A-V SO2, the narrowest D-A and D-V and the thickest RNFL, when compared not only to controls (p ≤ 0.040), but also to patients with other IRDs. Furthermore, in rod-cone dystrophies the cO2-E and the pO2-E were higher in comparison to controls and to patients with other IRDs (p ≤ 0.005). Cone-rod dystrophy patients had the lowest cO2-E compared to controls and patients with other IRDs (p ≤ 0.035). Evaluated in central zones, the cO2-E was significantly different when comparing cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) against rod-cone dystrophy (RCD) patients in all zones (p < 0.001), whereas compared with controls and patients with inherited macular dystrophy this was observed only in zones 1 and 2 (p ≤ 0.018). The oxygen exposure was also the highest in the RCD group for both the nasal and the temporal peripapillary area, among all the evaluated groups (p ≤ 0.025). (4) Conclusions: The presented metabolic-structural approach enhances our understanding of inherited photoreceptor degenerations. Clearly demonstrated through the O2-E comparisons, the central and the peripapillary retina in rod-cone dystrophy eyes consume less oxygen than the control-eyes and eyes with other IRDs. Rod-cone dystrophy eyes seem to be proportionally more exposed to oxygen, the later presumably leading to more pronounced oxidative damage-related remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisette T. López Torres
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (L.T.L.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Christophe Valmaggia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (L.T.L.T.); (C.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cantonal Hospital, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Margarita G. Todorova
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (L.T.L.T.); (C.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cantonal Hospital, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-71-494-97-67
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49
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Moreno-Leon L, West EL, O’Hara-Wright M, Li L, Nair R, He J, Anand M, Sahu B, Chavali VRM, Smith AJ, Ali RR, Jacobson SG, Cideciyan AV, Khanna H. RPGR isoform imbalance causes ciliary defects due to exon ORF15 mutations in X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:3706-3716. [PMID: 33355362 PMCID: PMC7823108 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) cause severe retinal ciliopathy, X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Although two major alternatively spliced isoforms, RPGRex1-19 and RPGRORF15, are expressed, the relative importance of these isoforms in disease pathogenesis is unclear. Here, we analyzed fibroblast samples from eight patients and found that all of them form longer cilia than normal controls, albeit to different degrees. Although all mutant RPGRORF15 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are unstable, their steady-state levels were similar or higher than those in the control cells, suggesting there may be increased transcription. Three of the fibroblasts that had higher levels of mutant RPGRORF15 mRNA also exhibited significantly higher levels of RPGRex1-19 mRNA. Four samples with unaltered RPGRex1-19 levels carried mutations in RPGRORF15 that resulted in this isoform being relatively less stable. Thus, in all cases, the RPGRex1-19/RPGRORF15 isoform ratio was increased, and this was highly correlative to the cilia extension defect. Moreover, overexpression of RPGRex1-19 (mimicking the increase in RPGRex1-19 to RPGRORF15 isoform ratio) or RPGRORF15 (mimicking reduction of the ratio) resulted in significantly longer or shorter cilia, respectively. Notably, the cilia length defect appears to be attributable to both the loss of the wild-type RPGRORF15 protein and to the higher levels of the RPGRex1-19 isoform, indicating that the observed defect is due to the altered isoform ratios. These results suggest that maintaining the optimal RPGRex1-9 to RPGRORF15 ratio is critical for cilia growth and that designing strategies that focus on the best ways to restore the RPGRex1-19/RPGRORF15 ratio may lead to better therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moreno-Leon
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Emma L West
- Division of Molecular Therapy, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9El, UK
| | | | - Linjing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Rohini Nair
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jie He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manisha Anand
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Bhubanananda Sahu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | | | - Alexander J Smith
- Division of Molecular Therapy, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9El, UK
| | - Robin R Ali
- Division of Molecular Therapy, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9El, UK
| | - Samuel G Jacobson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Artur V Cideciyan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hemant Khanna
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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50
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Kortüm F, Kieninger S, Mazzola P, Kohl S, Wissinger B, Prokisch H, Stingl K, Weisschuh N. X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa Caused by Non-Canonical Splice Site Variants in RPGR. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020850. [PMID: 33467000 PMCID: PMC7830253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to validate the effect of non-canonical splice site variants in the RPGR gene in five patients from four families diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa. Four variants located in intron 2 (c.154 + 3_154 + 6del), intron 3 (c.247 + 5G>A), intron 7 (c.779-5T>G), and intron 13 (c.1573-12A>G), respectively, were analyzed by means of in vitro splice assays. Splicing analysis revealed different aberrant splicing events, including exon skipping and intronic nucleotide addition, which are predicted to lead either to an in-frame deletion affecting relevant protein domains or to a frameshift of the open reading frame. Our data expand the landscape of pathogenic variants in RPGR, thereby increasing the genetic diagnostic rate in retinitis pigmentosa and allowing patients harboring the analyzed variants to be enrolled in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Kortüm
- Center for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Sinja Kieninger
- Center for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.K.); (S.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Pascale Mazzola
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Center for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.K.); (S.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Center for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.K.); (S.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katarina Stingl
- Center for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Nicole Weisschuh
- Center for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.K.); (S.K.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence:
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