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Guidone A, Zotta T, Matera A, Ricciardi A, De Filippis F, Ercolini D, Parente E. The microbiota of high-moisture mozzarella cheese produced with different acidification methods. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 216:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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202
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Parente E, Cocolin L, De Filippis F, Zotta T, Ferrocino I, O'Sullivan O, Neviani E, De Angelis M, Cotter PD, Ercolini D. FoodMicrobionet: A database for the visualisation and exploration of food bacterial communities based on network analysis. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 219:28-37. [PMID: 26704067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amplicon targeted high-throughput sequencing has become a popular tool for the culture-independent analysis of microbial communities. Although the data obtained with this approach are portable and the number of sequences available in public databases is increasing, no tool has been developed yet for the analysis and presentation of data obtained in different studies. This work describes an approach for the development of a database for the rapid exploration and analysis of data on food microbial communities. Data from seventeen studies investigating the structure of bacterial communities in dairy, meat, sourdough and fermented vegetable products, obtained by 16S rRNA gene targeted high-throughput sequencing, were collated and analysed using Gephi, a network analysis software. The resulting database, which we named FoodMicrobionet, was used to analyse nodes and network properties and to build an interactive web-based visualisation. The latter allows the visual exploration of the relationships between Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and samples and the identification of core- and sample-specific bacterial communities. It also provides additional search tools and hyperlinks for the rapid selection of food groups and OTUs and for rapid access to external resources (NCBI taxonomy, digital versions of the original articles). Microbial interaction network analysis was carried out using CoNet on datasets extracted from FoodMicrobionet: the complexity of interaction networks was much lower than that found for other bacterial communities (human microbiome, soil and other environments). This may reflect both a bias in the dataset (which was dominated by fermented foods and starter cultures) and the lower complexity of food bacterial communities. Although some technical challenges exist, and are discussed here, the net result is a valuable tool for the exploration of food bacterial communities by the scientific community and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Parente
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Teresa Zotta
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, CNR, Avellino, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Orla O'Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland
| | - Erasmo Neviani
- Department of Food Science, Parma University, Parco Area delle Scienze 48, /A, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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203
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Slabaugh E, Scavuzzo-Duggan T, Chaves A, Wilson L, Wilson C, Davis JK, Cosgrove DJ, Anderson CT, Roberts AW, Haigler CH. The valine and lysine residues in the conserved FxVTxK motif are important for the function of phylogenetically distant plant cellulose synthases. Glycobiology 2015; 26:509-19. [PMID: 26646446 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose synthases (CESAs) synthesize the β-1,4-glucan chains that coalesce to form cellulose microfibrils in plant cell walls. In addition to a large cytosolic (catalytic) domain, CESAs have eight predicted transmembrane helices (TMHs). However, analogous to the structure of BcsA, a bacterial CESA, predicted TMH5 in CESA may instead be an interfacial helix. This would place the conserved FxVTxK motif in the plant cell cytosol where it could function as a substrate-gating loop as occurs in BcsA. To define the functional importance of the CESA region containing FxVTxK, we tested five parallel mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana CESA1 and Physcomitrella patens CESA5 in complementation assays of the relevant cesa mutants. In both organisms, the substitution of the valine or lysine residues in FxVTxK severely affected CESA function. In Arabidopsis roots, both changes were correlated with lower cellulose anisotropy, as revealed by Pontamine Fast Scarlet. Analysis of hypocotyl inner cell wall layers by atomic force microscopy showed that two altered versions of Atcesa1 could rescue cell wall phenotypes observed in the mutant background line. Overall, the data show that the FxVTxK motif is functionally important in two phylogenetically distant plant CESAs. The results show that Physcomitrella provides an efficient model for assessing the effects of engineered CESA mutations affecting primary cell wall synthesis and that diverse testing systems can lead to nuanced insights into CESA structure-function relationships. Although CESA membrane topology needs to be experimentally determined, the results support the possibility that the FxVTxK region functions similarly in CESA and BcsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Slabaugh
- Department of Crop Science and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Tess Scavuzzo-Duggan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Arielle Chaves
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Liza Wilson
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Carmen Wilson
- Department of Crop Science and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jonathan K Davis
- Department of Crop Science and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Alison W Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Candace H Haigler
- Department of Crop Science and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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204
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Bassi D, Puglisi E, Cocconcelli PS. Understanding the bacterial communities of hard cheese with blowing defect. Food Microbiol 2015; 52:106-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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205
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Versace F, Kypriotakis G, Basen-Engquist K, Schembre SM. Heterogeneity in brain reactivity to pleasant and food cues: evidence of sign-tracking in humans. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 11:604-11. [PMID: 26609106 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant brain reward responses to food-related cues are an implied characteristic of human obesity; yet, findings are inconsistent. To explain these inconsistencies, we aimed to uncover endophenotypes associated with heterogeneity in attributing incentive salience to food cues in the context of other emotionally salient cues; a phenomenon described as sign- vs goal tracking in preclinical models. Data from 64 lean and 88 obese adults who were 35.5 ± 9.4 years old and predominantly women (79%) were analyzed. Participants viewed food-related, pleasant, neutral and unpleasant images while recording electroencephalograph. Late positive potentials were used to assess incentive salience attributed to the visual stimuli. Eating and affective traits were also assessed. Findings demonstrated that obese individuals, in general, do not demonstrate aberrant brain reward responses to food-related cues. As hypothesized, latent profile analysis of the late positive potential uncovered two distinct groups. 'Sign-trackers' showed greater responses to food-related cues (P < 0.001) but lower responses to pleasant stimuli (P < 0.001) compared with 'goal-trackers'. There were proportionally more obese than lean 'sign-trackers' (P = 0.03). Obese 'sign-trackers' reported significantly higher levels of emotional eating and food craving (P < 0.001). By examining the heterogeneity in brain reactivity to various emotional stimuli, this translational study highlights the need to consider important neurobehavioral endophenotypes of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Versace
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Kypriotakis
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen Basen-Engquist
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan M Schembre
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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206
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Hauser MA, Aboobakar IF, Liu Y, Miura S, Whigham BT, Challa P, Wheeler J, Williams A, Santiago-Turla C, Qin X, Rautenbach RM, Ziskind A, Ramsay M, Uebe S, Song L, Safi A, Vithana EN, Mizoguchi T, Nakano S, Kubota T, Hayashi K, Manabe SI, Kazama S, Mori Y, Miyata K, Yoshimura N, Reis A, Crawford GE, Pasutto F, Carmichael TR, Williams SEI, Ozaki M, Aung T, Khor CC, Stamer WD, Ashley-Koch AE, Allingham RR. Genetic variants and cellular stressors associated with exfoliation syndrome modulate promoter activity of a lncRNA within the LOXL1 locus. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6552-63. [PMID: 26307087 PMCID: PMC4614704 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is a common, age-related, systemic fibrillinopathy. It greatly increases risk of exfoliation glaucoma (XFG), a major worldwide cause of irreversible blindness. Coding variants in the lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) gene are strongly associated with XFS in all studied populations, but a functional role for these variants has not been established. To identify additional candidate functional variants, we sequenced the entire LOXL1 genomic locus (∼40 kb) in 50 indigenous, black South African XFS cases and 50 matched controls. The variants with the strongest evidence of association were located in a well-defined 7-kb region bounded by the 3'-end of exon 1 and the adjacent region of intron 1 of LOXL1. We replicated this finding in US Caucasian (91 cases/1031 controls), German (771 cases/1365 controls) and Japanese (1484 cases/1188 controls) populations. The region of peak association lies upstream of LOXL1-AS1, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) encoded on the opposite strand of LOXL1. We show that this region contains a promoter and, importantly, that the strongly associated XFS risk alleles in the South African population are functional variants that significantly modulate the activity of this promoter. LOXL1-AS1 expression is also significantly altered in response to oxidative stress in human lens epithelial cells and in response to cyclic mechanical stress in human Schlemm's canal endothelial cells. Taken together, these findings support a functional role for the LOXL1-AS1 lncRNA in cellular stress response and suggest that dysregulation of its expression by genetic risk variants plays a key role in XFS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hauser
- Department of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore, Duke, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Inas F Aboobakar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Pratap Challa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Andrew Williams
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Robyn M Rautenbach
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ari Ziskind
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Division of Human Genetics, NHLS and School of Pathology and Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lingyun Song
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexias Safi
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eranga N Vithana
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takanori Mizoguchi
- Mizoguchi Eye Hospital, 6-13 Tawara-machi, Sasebo, Nagasaki 857-0016, Japan
| | - Satoko Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Ken Hayashi
- Hayashi Eye Hospital, 23-35, Hakataekimae-4, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Manabe
- Hayashi Eye Hospital, 23-35, Hakataekimae-4, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeyasu Kazama
- Shinjo Eye Clinic, 889-1, Mego, Simokitakatamachi, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki 880-0035, Japan
| | - Yosai Mori
- Miyata Eye Hospital, 6-3, Kurahara, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-0051, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyata
- Miyata Eye Hospital, 6-3, Kurahara, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-0051, Japan, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nagahisa Yoshimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andre Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gregory E Crawford
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Francesca Pasutto
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Trevor R Carmichael
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa and
| | - Susan E I Williams
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa and
| | - Mineo Ozaki
- Ozaki Eye Hospital, 1-15, Kamezaki, Hyuga, Miyazaki 883-0066, Japan
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - R Rand Allingham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore, Duke, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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207
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Lum S, Bountziouka V, Sonnappa S, Wade A, Cole TJ, Harding S, Wells JCK, Griffiths C, Treleaven P, Bonner R, Kirkby J, Lee S, Raywood E, Legg S, Sears D, Cottam P, Feyeraband C, Stocks J. Lung function in children in relation to ethnicity, physique and socioeconomic factors. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:1662-71. [PMID: 26493801 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00415-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Can ethnic differences in spirometry be attributed to differences in physique and socioeconomic factors?Assessments were undertaken in 2171 London primary schoolchildren on two occasions 1 year apart, whenever possible, as part of the Size and Lung function In Children (SLIC) study. Measurements included spirometry, detailed anthropometry, three-dimensional photonic scanning for regional body shape, body composition, information on ethnic ancestry, birth and respiratory history, socioeconomic circumstances, and tobacco smoke exposure.Technically acceptable spirometry was obtained from 1901 children (mean (range) age 8.3 (5.2-11.8) years, 46% boys, 35% White, 29% Black-African origin, 24% South-Asian, 12% Other/mixed) on 2767 test occasions. After adjusting for sex, age and height, forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 1.32, 0.89 and 0.51 z-score units lower in Black-African origin, South-Asian and Other/mixed ethnicity children, respectively, when compared with White children, with similar decrements for forced vital capacity (p<0.001 for all). Although further adjustment for sitting height and chest width reduced differences attributable to ethnicity by up to 16%, significant differences persisted after adjusting for all potential determinants, including socioeconomic circumstances.Ethnic differences in spirometric lung function persist despite adjusting for a wide range of potential determinants, including body physique and socioeconomic circumstances, emphasising the need to use ethnic-specific equations when interpreting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooky Lum
- Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia Section in IIIP Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Vassiliki Bountziouka
- Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia Section in IIIP Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Samatha Sonnappa
- Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia Section in IIIP Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK UCL Institute of Global Health, London, UK
| | - Angie Wade
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Tim J Cole
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Seeromanie Harding
- MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Chris Griffiths
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Blizard Institute - Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Rachel Bonner
- Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia Section in IIIP Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jane Kirkby
- Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia Section in IIIP Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Simon Lee
- Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia Section in IIIP Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Emma Raywood
- Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia Section in IIIP Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sarah Legg
- Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia Section in IIIP Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Dave Sears
- Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia Section in IIIP Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Philippa Cottam
- Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia Section in IIIP Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Janet Stocks
- Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia Section in IIIP Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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208
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Rance G, Starr A. Pathophysiological mechanisms and functional hearing consequences of auditory neuropathy. Brain 2015; 138:3141-58. [PMID: 26463676 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of inner ear abnormality on audibility have been explored since the early 20th century when sound detection measures were first used to define and quantify 'hearing loss'. The development in the 1970s of objective measures of cochlear hair cell function (cochlear microphonics, otoacoustic emissions, summating potentials) and auditory nerve/brainstem activity (auditory brainstem responses) have made it possible to distinguish both synaptic and auditory nerve disorders from sensory receptor loss. This distinction is critically important when considering aetiology and management. In this review we address the clinical and pathophysiological features of auditory neuropathy that distinguish site(s) of dysfunction. We describe the diagnostic criteria for: (i) presynaptic disorders affecting inner hair cells and ribbon synapses; (ii) postsynaptic disorders affecting unmyelinated auditory nerve dendrites; (iii) postsynaptic disorders affecting auditory ganglion cells and their myelinated axons and dendrites; and (iv) central neural pathway disorders affecting the auditory brainstem. We review data and principles to identify treatment options for affected patients and explore their benefits as a function of site of lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Rance
- 1 Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 550 Swanston Street, Parkville 3010 Australia
| | - Arnold Starr
- 2 Department of Neurology, The University of California (Irvine), 200 S. Manchester Ave., Suite 206, Orange, CA 92868-4280, USA
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209
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Lo R, Xue T, Weeks M, Turner MS, Bansal N. Inhibition of bacterial growth in sweet cheese whey by carbon dioxide as determined by culture-independent community profiling. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 217:20-8. [PMID: 26476573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Whey is a valuable co-product from cheese making that serves as a raw material for a wide range of products. Its rich nutritional content lends itself to rapid spoilage, thus it typically needs to be pasteurised and refrigerated promptly. Despite the extensive literature on milk spoilage bacteria, little is known about the spoilage bacteria of whey. The utility of carbon dioxide (CO2) to extend the shelf-life of raw milk and cottage cheese has been well established, but its application in whey preservation has not yet been explored. This study aims to characterise the microbial populations of fresh and spoiled sweet whey by culture-independent community profiling using 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and to determine whether carbonation is effective in inhibiting bacterial growth in sweet whey. The microbiota of raw Cheddar and Mozzarella whey was dominated by cheese starter bacteria. After pasteurisation, two out of the three samples studied became dominated by diverse environmental bacteria from various phyla, with Proteobacteria being the most dominant. Diverse microbial profiles were maintained until spoilage occurred, when the entire population was dominated by just one or two genera. Whey spoilage bacteria were found to be similar to those of milk. Pasteurised Cheddar and Mozzarella whey was spoiled by Bacillus sp. or Pseudomonas sp., and raw Mozzarella whey was spoiled by Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. CO2 was effective in inhibiting bacterial growth of pasteurised Cheddar and Mozzarella whey stored at 15°C and raw Mozzarella whey stored at 4°C. The spoilage bacteria of the carbonated samples were similar to those of the non-carbonated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Lo
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tian Xue
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mike Weeks
- Dairy Innovation Australia Limited, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Mark S Turner
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nidhi Bansal
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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210
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Evolution of microbial counts and chemical and physico-chemical parameters in high-moisture Mozzarella cheese during refrigerated storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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211
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Magee K, Hata DJ, Meza D. Trichosporon asahii Infection in a Patient with Metastatic Prostate Cancer as an Example of an Emerging Fungal Pathogen. Lab Med 2015; 46:e74-8. [PMID: 26404775 DOI: 10.1309/lmdducadj31le0ml] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL HISTORY PATIENT 59-year-old white man. CHIEF COMPLAINT Nausea, constant urge to urinate, and intermittent lower back pain that wraps around his right iliac crest and down his right anterior thigh to the level of his right knee. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS The patient sought radiation oncology consultation for his metastatic prostate cancer. He has had nephrostomy tubes and ureteral stents implanted to help with his bilateral uropathic manifestations. Two days earlier, his ureteral stent was removed and sent for culture during the replacement of his malfunctioning nephrostomy tubes; Trichosporon asahii had been cultured from the stent. PREVIOUS MEDICAL HISTORY Castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastasis, left upper abdominal shingles, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), chronic anemia due to chemotherapy, and obstructive bilateral uropathy. FAMILY HISTORY Mother had breast cancer and father had lung cancer and heart disease. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION FINDINGS The patient was alert and oriented. There was a small, soft, compressible nodule, or cyst, in the posterior supraclavicular region. His lungs were clear, and his pulse had a regular rate and rhythm. PRINCIPLE LABORATORY FINDINGS Table 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Magee
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - D Jane Hata
- Department of Microbiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Diana Meza
- Department of Microbiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
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212
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Toledo Del Árbol J, Pérez Pulido R, La Storia A, Grande Burgos MJ, Lucas R, Ercolini D, Gálvez A. Changes in microbial diversity of brined green asparagus upon treatment with high hydrostatic pressure. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 216:1-8. [PMID: 26372734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The application of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP, 600MPa, 8 min) on brined green asparagus and the changes in bacterial diversity after treatments and during storage at 4 °C (30 days) or 22 °C (10 days) were studied. HHP treatments reduced viable cell counts by 3.6 log cycles. The residual surviving population did not increase during storage at 4 °C. However, bacterial counts significantly increased at 22 °C by day 3, leading to rapid spoilage. The microbiota of green asparagus was composed mainly by Proteobacteria (mainly Pantoea and Pseudomonas), followed by Firmicutes (mainly Lactococcus and Enterococcus) and to a less extent Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. During chill storage of untreated asparagus, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria as well as Enterococcus and Lactococcus decreased while Lactobacillus increased. During storage of untreated asparagus at 22 °C, the abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased while Proteobacteria increased during late storage. The HHP treatment determined a reduction of the Proteobacteria both early after treatment and during chill storage. In the HHP treated samples stored at 22 °C, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas rapidly decreased at day 1, with an increase of Bacteroidetes. This was followed by a marked increase in Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia) simultaneously with increase in viable counts and spoilage. Results from the study indicate that the effect of HHP treatments on the viability ofmicrobial populations in foods also has an impact on the dynamics of microbial populations during the storage of the treated foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Toledo Del Árbol
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Rubén Pérez Pulido
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonietta La Storia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria José Grande Burgos
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Rosario Lucas
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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213
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Coexistence of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Potential Spoilage Microbiota in a Dairy Processing Environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7893-904. [PMID: 26341209 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02294-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination in food processing plants can play a fundamental role in food quality and safety. In this study, the microbiota in a dairy plant was studied by both 16S rRNA- and 26S rRNA-based culture-independent high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Environmental samples from surfaces and tools were studied along with the different types of cheese produced in the same plant. The microbiota of environmental swabs was very complex, including more than 200 operational taxonomic units with extremely variable relative abundances (0.01 to 99%) depending on the species and sample. A core microbiota shared by 70% of the samples indicated a coexistence of lactic acid bacteria with a remarkable level of Streptococcus thermophilus and possible spoilage-associated bacteria, including Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Psychrobacter, with a relative abundance above 50%. The most abundant yeasts were Kluyveromyces marxianus, Yamadazyma triangularis, Trichosporon faecale, and Debaryomyces hansenii. Beta-diversity analyses showed a clear separation of environmental and cheese samples based on both yeast and bacterial community structure. In addition, predicted metagenomes also indicated differential distribution of metabolic pathways between the two categories of samples. Cooccurrence and coexclusion pattern analyses indicated that the occurrence of potential spoilers was excluded by lactic acid bacteria. In addition, their persistence in the environment can be helpful to counter the development of potential spoilers that may contaminate the cheeses, with possible negative effects on their microbiological quality.
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214
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Ede JD, Ortega VA, Boyle D, Beingessner RL, Hemraz UD, Fenniri H, Stafford JL, Goss GG. Rosette Nanotubes Alter IgE-Mediated Degranulation in the Rat Basophilic Leukemia (RBL)-2H3 Cell Line. Toxicol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26224082 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of rosette nanotube (RNT) exposure on immune cell viability and function were investigated in vitro using the rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cell line. RBL-2H3 viability was decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner after lysine-functionalized RNT (K-RNT) exposure. In addition, K-RNTs had a significant effect on RBL-2H3 degranulation. When K-RNT exposure was concurrent with IgE sensitization, 50 and 100 mg l(-1) K-RNTs elicited a heightened degranulatory response compared with IgE alone. Exposure to 50 and 100 mg l(-1) K-RNTs also caused degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells not sensitized with IgE (0 ng ml(-1) IgE). Furthermore, in cells preexposed to K-RNTs for 2 h and subsequently washed, sensitized, and stimulated with IgE, a potentiated degranulatory response was observed. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-functionalized RNT construct (termed FITC(1)/TBL(19)-RNT), we demonstrated a strong and direct affiliation between RNTs and RBL-2H3 cell membranes. We also demonstrated cellular internalization of RNTs after 2 h of exposure. Together, these data demonstrate that RNTs may affiliate with the cellular membrane of RBL-2H3 cells and can be internalized. These interactions can affect viability and alter the ability of these cells to elicit IgE-FcεR mediated degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Ede
- *Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9;
| | - Van A Ortega
- *Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9
| | - David Boyle
- *Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9
| | - Rachel L Beingessner
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2M9; and
| | - Usha D Hemraz
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2M9; and
| | - Hicham Fenniri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 313 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Northeastern University, Boston, Maryland 02115
| | - James L Stafford
- *Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9
| | - Greg G Goss
- *Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9; National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2M9; and
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215
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Frey JD, Shapiro RL, Choi M. Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction in Patients with Connective Tissue Disease: A Case Report Demonstrating Safety and Efficacy in Marfan Syndrome. Aesthet Surg J 2015; 35:NP182-5. [PMID: 25782414 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sju159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Frey
- Dr Frey is a Resident and Dr Choi is an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, and Dr Shapiro is an Associate Professor and Director of Surgical Oncology in the Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard L Shapiro
- Dr Frey is a Resident and Dr Choi is an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, and Dr Shapiro is an Associate Professor and Director of Surgical Oncology in the Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mihye Choi
- Dr Frey is a Resident and Dr Choi is an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, and Dr Shapiro is an Associate Professor and Director of Surgical Oncology in the Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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216
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Jenkins DA, Millan-Hernandez C, Cline AR, McElrath TC, Irish B, Goenaga R. Attraction of Pollinators to Atemoya (Annona squamosa × Annona cherimola) in Puerto Rico Using Commercial Lures and Food Attractants. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:1923-1929. [PMID: 26470336 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atemoya is a hybrid between Annona squamosa L. and Annona cherimola Miller (Annonaceae) and has potential to be an important fruit crop in tropical and subtropical areas. A major impediment to fruit production is low fruit set due to inadequate pollinator visits, typically, by beetles in the family Nitidulidae. We used Universal moth traps to monitor the attractiveness of two commercially available Nitidulidae lures in combination with various food attractants, including raw bread dough, apple juice, and malta beverage, a soft drink by-product of the brewing process. The most commonly trapped beetles were, in order of decreasing frequency, Carpophilus dimidiatus (F.), Brachypeplus mutilatus Erichson, Urophorus humeralis (F.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), and Europs fervidus Blatchley (Coleoptera: Monotomidae). All traps, except the unbaited control traps, caught beetles. In a previous study, we found that combining two commercial lures had a synergistic effect on the attraction of these beetle species. In this study, the addition of food attractants increased the number of beetles trapped compared with traps baited with only the commercial lures. Also, food attractants appear to be key in attracting U. humeralis; only one U. humeralis individual of the 206 caught during the experiment was trapped without a food attractant. The variation between the number of beetles caught in traps containing the same treatments was high and may explain the erratic results reported in other studies of pollination in Annona spp. The results are discussed with respect to the use of nitidulid lures and food attractants to increase fruit set in atemoya and other Annonaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Jenkins
- USDA-ARS-Tropical Agriculture Research Station, 2200 Ave., P.A. Campos, Ste. 201, Mayaguez 00680, Puerto Rico. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health & Pest Prevention Services, 3294 Meadowview Rd., Sacramento, CA 95832.
| | - Christian Millan-Hernandez
- USDA-ARS-Tropical Agriculture Research Station, 2200 Ave., P.A. Campos, Ste. 201, Mayaguez 00680, Puerto Rico
| | - Andrew R Cline
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health & Pest Prevention Services, 3294 Meadowview Rd., Sacramento, CA 95832
| | - Thomas C McElrath
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 413 Biological Sciences Bldg., Athens, GA 30602
| | - Brian Irish
- USDA-ARS-Tropical Agriculture Research Station, 2200 Ave., P.A. Campos, Ste. 201, Mayaguez 00680, Puerto Rico
| | - Ricardo Goenaga
- USDA-ARS-Tropical Agriculture Research Station, 2200 Ave., P.A. Campos, Ste. 201, Mayaguez 00680, Puerto Rico
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217
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Jiang H, Livingston M. The Dynamic Effects of Changes in Prices and Affordability on Alcohol Consumption: An Impulse Response Analysis. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 50:631-8. [PMID: 26071563 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate how changes in alcohol price and affordability are related to aggregate level alcohol consumption in Australia to help to inform effective price and tax policy to influence consumption. MATERIAL AND METHODS Annual time series data between 1974 and 2012 on price and per-capita consumption for beer, wine and spirits and average weekly income were collected from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Using a Vector Autoregressive model and impulse response analysis, the dynamic responses of alcohol consumption to changes in alcohol prices and affordability were estimated. RESULTS Alcohol consumption in Australia was negatively associated with alcohol price and positively associated with the affordability of alcohol. The results of the impulse response analysis suggest that a 10% increase in the alcohol price was associated with a 2% decrease in the population-level alcohol consumption in the following year, with further, diminishing, effects up to year 8, leading to an overall 6% reduction in total consumption. In contrast, when alcohol affordability increased, per-capita alcohol consumption increased over the following 6 years. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that increasing alcohol prices or taxes can help to reduce alcohol consumption at the population level in Australia. However, the impact of affordability in our findings highlights that pricing policies need to consider increases in income to ensure effectiveness. Alcohol price policy should only cautiously focus on individual beverage types, because increasing the price of one beverage generally leads to an increase in consumption of substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Turning Point, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Turning Point, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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218
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Cocolin L, Ercolini D. Zooming into food-associated microbial consortia: a ‘cultural’ evolution. Curr Opin Food Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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219
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Freisthler B, Wolf JP, Johnson-Motoyama M. Understanding the Role of Context-Specific Drinking in Neglectful Parenting Behaviors. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 50:542-50. [PMID: 25810450 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Child neglect is the most common form of child maltreatment, yet little is known about how drinking context may be related to particular subtypes of child neglect. This study examines the relationship between parental drinking in multiple contexts and the use of supervisory and physical neglectful. METHODS A sample of 2152 parents of children 12 years or younger in 50 cities in California was obtained using a computer-assisted telephone interview. Past-year prevalence of child neglect was measured using the Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale. Information was collected on past month or past-year frequency of having at least one drink in five contexts, continued drinking measures (e.g. number of drinks after the first drink) and sociodemographics. Data were analyzed using multilevel random effects logit models. RESULTS Frequency of drinking in various contexts was related to different neglect subtypes. Specifically, frequency of drinking with friends was positively related leaving a child home alone when an adult should be present. Parents who drank more frequently with family were less likely to leave their child home alone in the past year yet more likely to unsafely monitor their child in the past year. Drinking at parties more often was related to being more likely to leave a child alone in a car sometime during the past year. CONCLUSIONS That no single drinking context is universally problematic for supervisory and physical neglect suggests that different social mechanisms may underlie the relationships observed between different drinking contexts and neglect subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Freisthler
- Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, 3250 Public Affairs Building, Box 951656, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer Price Wolf
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Avenue, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA 94612-3749, USA
| | - Michelle Johnson-Motoyama
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, 1545 Lilac Lane, 311 Twente Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045-3129, USA
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220
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221
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Guidone A, Braghieri A, Cioffi S, Claps S, Genovese F, Morone G, Napolitano F, Parente E. Effect of adjuncts on microbiological and chemical properties of Scamorza cheese. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:1467-78. [PMID: 25582584 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Scamorza is a semi-hard, pasta filata cheese resembling low-moisture Mozzarella cheese, with a short ripening time (<30d). Scamorza has a bland flavor and, to provide diversification from similar cheeses, it was manufactured using 2 types of milk in the current study: 100% Italian Friesian milk (F) or 90% F and 10% Jersey cow milk (mixed, M), and 2 types of starter: Streptococcus thermophilus or S. thermophilus with peptidolytic Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Lactobacillus paracasei strains as adjuncts). The cheeses were ripened for 30d. The adjunct did not significantly affect acid production or growth of the primary starter; 2 of the species used in the adjunct (Lb. paracasei and Lb. helveticus) rapidly colonized the cheese and persisted until the end of ripening, whereas the counts of nonstarter lactic acid bacteria in the control cheese were low until the end of ripening. The use of adjuncts affected pH, microbial composition (as assessed by both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods), total free amino acid content, and volatile profile (measured using an electronic nose), whereas milk type had only a minor effect. Although differences in primary proteolysis were found, they were probably indirect and related to the effects on pH and moisture. We conclude that, even with a short ripening time (30d), use of a peptidolytic adjunct may significantly affect important features of Scamorza and may be used to create a product that is measurably different from competing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Guidone
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Ada Braghieri
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Silvia Cioffi
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Salvatore Claps
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Unità di ricerca per la Zootecnia Estensiva, 85054 Muro Lucano (PZ), Italy
| | - Francesco Genovese
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Morone
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Unità di ricerca per la Zootecnia Estensiva, 85054 Muro Lucano (PZ), Italy
| | - Fabio Napolitano
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Eugenio Parente
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
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222
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Fu X, Du Y, Au S, Lau JYF. Single-Session Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations Training in High-Anxious Adolescents. J Cogn Psychother 2015; 29:253-272. [PMID: 32755951 DOI: 10.1891/0889-8391.29.3.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders in youths are globally prevalent and carry impairing, long-lasting effects. Interpreting ambiguous cues negatively may be causally related to adolescent anxiety. Extending cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) training, which counters anxiety by encouraging positive interpretations, to anxious adolescents could inform the design of new interventions. The study investigates whether single-session CBM-I training (a) altered interpretation biases and negative mood in adolescents selected for high anxiety and (b) whether these training-associated changes were larger than those reported in low-anxious adolescents. Seventy-seven Chinese adolescents received either positive or control training. Positive training encouraged endorsement of positive interpretations of ambiguous scenarios while on control training trials, half of the scenarios were resolved positively and half negatively. A single session of CBM-I altered interpretation biases across all individuals, F(1, 52) = 10.63, p < .01, η2 = .17. However, no training effects on mood measures emerged (all ps > .05). Training effects were not consistently moderated by baseline trait anxiety. Multisession CBM-I may be needed for mood changes to occur.
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223
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Stellato G, La Storia A, Cirillo T, Ercolini D. Bacterial biogeographical patterns in a cooking center for hospital foodservice. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 193:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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224
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Riquelme C, Câmara S, Dapkevicius MDLNE, Vinuesa P, da Silva CCG, Malcata FX, Rego OA. Characterization of the bacterial biodiversity in Pico cheese (an artisanal Azorean food). Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 192:86-94. [PMID: 25440551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the first study on the bacterial communities in Pico cheese, a traditional cheese of the Azores (Portugal), made from raw cow's milk. Pyrosequencing of tagged amplicons of the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rDNA and Operational Taxonomic Unit-based (OTU-based) analysis were applied to obtain an overall idea of the microbiota in Pico cheese and to elucidate possible differences between cheese-makers (A, B and C) and maturation times. Pyrosequencing revealed a high bacterial diversity in Pico cheese. Four phyla (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes) and 54 genera were identified. The predominant genus was Lactococcus (77% of the sequences). Sequences belonging to major cheese-borne pathogens were not found. Staphylococcus accounted for 0.5% of the sequences. Significant differences in bacterial community composition were observed between cheese-maker B and the other two units that participated in the study. However, OTU analysis identified a set of taxa (Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Rothia, Pantoea and unclassified genera belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family) that would represent the core components of artisanal Pico cheese microbiota. A diverse bacterial community was present at early maturation, with an increase in the number of phylotypes up to 2 weeks, followed by a decrease at the end of ripening. The most remarkable trend in abundance patterns throughout ripening was an increase in the number of sequences belonging to the Lactobacillus genus, with a concomitant decrease in Acinetobacter, and Stenotrophomonas. Microbial rank abundance curves showed that Pico cheese's bacterial communities are characterized by a few dominant taxa and many low-abundance, highly diverse taxa that integrate the so-called "rare biosphere".
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Riquelme
- CITA-A, Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agrárias dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - Sandra Câmara
- CITA-A, Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agrárias dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | | | - Pablo Vinuesa
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Célia Costa Gomes da Silva
- CITA-A, Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agrárias dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - F Xavier Malcata
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Oldemiro A Rego
- CITA-A, Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agrárias dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
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225
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Catton HA, Lalonde RG, De Clerck-Floate RA. Differential host-finding abilities by a weed biocontrol insect create within-patch spatial refuges for nontarget plants. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:1333-1344. [PMID: 25259695 DOI: 10.1603/en14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Many modern weed biocontrol insects exhibit transient "spillover" nontarget herbivory when and where insects are in high density, such as following biocontrol releases, or around dense target weed infestations. Understanding spatial patterns of herbivory is important for predicting efficacy and safety of biocontrol, as refuges from herbivory can buffer plants from population-level impacts. Here, we demonstrate that differential host-finding and arrestment behaviors by an oligophagous biocontrol insect lead to spatial refuges from nontarget herbivory around insect release points within mixed patches of target and nontarget plants. We created transient insect outbreaks by releasing large numbers of Mogulones crucifer Pallas (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) into naturally occurring rangeland patches of the nontarget plant Hackelia micrantha (Eastwood) J.L. Gentry with varying densities of its target weed Cynoglossum officinale L., and monitored spatial patterns of herbivory around release points after 4-7 wk. In complement, we conducted a mark-release-recapture (MRR) experiment to compare M. crucifer's target and nontarget host-finding and arrestment behaviors. For rangeland releases, 95% of nontarget herbivory occurred within 4.25 m of release points, independent of target plant density. Target herbivory occurred throughout our evaluation radii (up to 14 m), where maximum density of diffusing M. crucifer was 1/10 of that in the nontarget herbivory radius. In the MRR experiment, more weevils were recaptured on C. officinale (but not H. micrantha) than expected by chance. M. crucifer's lack of specialized nontarget host-finding and arrestment behaviors means that spatial refuges from herbivory are created for H. micrantha just meters away from sources of high weevil density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A Catton
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 1177 Research Rd Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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226
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De Pasquale I, Di Cagno R, Buchin S, De Angelis M, Gobbetti M. Microbial ecology dynamics reveal a succession in the core microbiota involved in the ripening of pasta filata caciocavallo pugliese cheese. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6243-55. [PMID: 25085486 PMCID: PMC4178672 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02097-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA targeting RNA, community-level physiological profiles made with Biolog EcoPlates, proteolysis, and volatile component (VOC) analyses were mainly used to characterize the manufacture and ripening of the pasta filata cheese Caciocavallo Pugliese. Plate counts revealed that cheese manufacture affected the microbial ecology. The results agreed with those from culture-independent approaches. As shown by urea-PAGE, reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and free-amino-acid (FAA) analyses, the extent of secondary proteolysis mainly increased after 30 to 45 days of ripening. VOCs and volatile free fatty acids (VFFA) were identified by a purge-and-trap method (PT) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Except for aldehydes, the levels of most of VOCs and VFFA mainly increased from 30 to 45 days onwards. As shown through pyrosequencing analysis, raw cows' milk was contaminated by Firmicutes (53%), Proteobacteria (39%), Bacteroidetes (7.8%), Actinobacteria (0.06%), and Fusobacteria (0.03%), with heterogeneity at the genus level. The primary starter Streptococcus thermophilus dominated the curd population. Other genera occurred at low incidence or sporadically. The microbial dynamics reflected on the overall physiological diversity. At 30 days, a microbial succession was clearly highlighted. The relative abundance of Streptococcus sp. and especially St. thermophilus decreased, while that of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus sp., and especially Lactobacillus paracasei increased consistently. Despite the lower relative abundance compared to St. thermophilus, mesophilic lactobacilli were the only organisms positively correlated with the concentration of FAAs, area of hydrophilic peptide peaks, and several VOCs (e.g., alcohols, ketones, esters and all furans). This study showed that a core microbiota was naturally selected during middle ripening, which seemed to be the main factor responsible for cheese ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria De Pasquale
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Solange Buchin
- INRA, UR 342, Technologie et Analyses Laitières, Poligny, France
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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227
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Cozzuol MA, de Thoisy B, Fernandes-Ferreira H, Rodrigues FHG, Santos FR. How much evidence is enough evidence for a new species? J Mammal 2014. [DOI: 10.1644/14-mamm-a-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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228
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Romanelli F, Cain J, McNamara PJ. Should TED talks be teaching us something? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2014; 78:113. [PMID: 25147385 PMCID: PMC4140479 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe786113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Romanelli
- Associate Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
| | - Jeff Cain
- University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy
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229
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Dolci P, De Filippis F, La Storia A, Ercolini D, Cocolin L. rRNA-based monitoring of the microbiota involved in Fontina PDO cheese production in relation to different stages of cow lactation. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 185:127-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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230
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De Pasquale I, Calasso M, Mancini L, Ercolini D, La Storia A, De Angelis M, Di Cagno R, Gobbetti M. Causal relationship between microbial ecology dynamics and proteolysis during manufacture and ripening of protected designation of origin (PDO) cheese Canestrato Pugliese. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:4085-94. [PMID: 24771032 PMCID: PMC4068669 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00757-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, community-level physiological profiles determined by the use of Biolog EcoPlates, and proteolysis analyses were used to characterize Canestrato Pugliese Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cheese. The number of presumptive mesophilic lactococci in raw ewes' milk was higher than that of presumptive mesophilic lactobacilli. The numbers of these microbial groups increased during ripening, showing temporal and numerical differences. Urea-PAGE showed limited primary proteolysis, whereas the analysis of the pH 4.6-soluble fraction of the cheese revealed that secondary proteolysis increased mainly from 45 to 75 days of ripening. This agreed with the concentration of free amino acids. Raw ewes' milk was contaminated by several bacterial phyla: Proteobacteria (68%; mainly Pseudomonas), Firmicutes (30%; mainly Carnobacterium and Lactococcus), Bacteroidetes (0.05%), and Actinobacteria (0.02%). Almost the same microbial composition persisted in the curd after molding. From day 1 of ripening onwards, the phylum Firmicutes dominated. Lactococcus dominated throughout ripening, and most of the Lactobacillus species appeared only at 7 or 15 days. At 90 days, Lactococcus (87.2%), Lactobacillus (4.8%; mainly Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus sakei), and Leuconostoc (3.9%) dominated. The relative utilization of carbon sources by the bacterial community reflected the succession. This study identified strategic phases that characterized the manufacture and ripening of Canestrato Pugliese cheese and established a causal relationship between mesophilic lactobacilli and proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria De Pasquale
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Calasso
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonietta La Storia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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High genetic diversity among strains of the unindustrialized lactic acid bacterium Carnobacterium maltaromaticum in dairy products as revealed by multilocus sequence typing. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:3920-9. [PMID: 24747901 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00681-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy products are colonized with three main classes of lactic acid bacteria (LAB): opportunistic bacteria, traditional starters, and industrial starters. Most of the population structure studies were previously performed with LAB species belonging to these three classes and give interesting knowledge about the population structure of LAB at the stage where they are already industrialized. However, these studies give little information about the population structure of LAB prior their use as an industrial starter. Carnobacterium maltaromaticum is a LAB colonizing diverse environments, including dairy products. Since this bacterium was discovered relatively recently, it is not yet commercialized as an industrial starter, which makes C. maltaromaticum an interesting model for the study of unindustrialized LAB population structure in dairy products. A multilocus sequence typing scheme based on an analysis of fragments of the genes dapE, ddlA, glpQ, ilvE, pyc, pyrE, and leuS was applied to a collection of 47 strains, including 28 strains isolated from dairy products. The scheme allowed detecting 36 sequence types with a discriminatory index of 0.98. The whole population was clustered in four deeply branched lineages, in which the dairy strains were spread. Moreover, the dairy strains could exhibit a high diversity within these lineages, leading to an overall dairy population with a diversity level as high as that of the nondairy population. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis according to which the industrialization of LAB leads to a diversity reduction in dairy products.
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Dias S, Oliveira M, Semedo-Lemsaddek T, Bernardo F. Probiotic Potential of Autochthone Microbiota from São Jorge and <i>Parmigiano-Reggiano</i> Cheeses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.518193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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