Endogenous creatinine in serum and urine

High dosage metolazone in chronic renal failure

Metolazone is a modified quinazolinesulphonamide and in a dose of between 4 and 7.5 mg is an effective diuretic in man with normal renal function. Fourteen patients with non-oedematous stable chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance ranging from 1.2 to 12 ml/min) were given metolazone in doses ranging from 20-150 mg. A noticeable increase in urine flow and sodium excretion occurred, free water clearance increased, and there was a small but significant increase in potassium excretion. No side effects were noted.

Some observations and improvements on SMA 6-60 determinations of creatinine

Modifications to an earlier SMA 6/60 method for creatinine determinations are reported. The suggested procedure is linear for concentrations up to 15 mg/100 ml, shows no zero drift, and has a satisfactory analytical precision. Effects have been determined upon the analysis for a number of non-creatinine constituents of biological fluids. Recommendations are made for the optimum determination of plasma and urine creatinine.

The Renal Handling of Dextran 40 by Surgical Patients

A study has been made of the renal handling of low molecular weight dextran (dextran 40) by surgical patients. In spite of the usual fall in glomerular filtration rate during surgery, high urine dextran concentrations may occur, with the formatin of highly viscous urine. In view of the possible association between high dextron concentrations and oliguric renal failure, precautions in its administration are suggested with particular emphasis on the maintenance of urine flow rates.

Renal function during the early post-burn period: a comparison of colloid versus non-colloid containing balanced salt solution

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Investigation of Nithsdale goitre

As a sequence to a survey which showed that the prevalence of goitre was higher in schoolchildren in Nithsdale (30%) than in Dumfries (16%), a total of 181 adult subjects from these 2 areas were examined and the plasma inorganic iodide concentrations (PII) were determined.

The large majority of PII values in subjects from both areas were within the normal range and the overall conclusions are that iodine deficiency severe enough to account for a high prevalence of small goitre or a low prevalence of large goitre does not exist in the South West of Scotland.

Since this area is likely to be representative of the U.K. in general, it is also concluded that there is no practical justification for general dietary iodine supplementation meanwhile.

A blood-testis barrier restricting passage from blood into rete testis fluid but not into lymph

1. A permeability barrier in or around the seminiferous tubules of rams has been demonstrated by studying the rate of passage of a variety of substances from blood plasma into fluid collected from the rete testis and into testicular lymph.2. All substances studied passed readily into testicular lymph.3. Tritiated water, urea, ethanol and bicarbonate in rete testis fluid equilibrated with blood plasma within 3 hr; Na(+), K(+), Rb(+), Cl(-), I(-), CNS(-), creatinine and galactose entered slowly and p-aminohippurate (PAH), glutamate, iodinated albumin, inulin and [(51)Cr]EDTA did not appear in rete testis fluid at all.4. Rubidium was excluded relative to iodoantipyrine from the testes of control and hypophysectomized rats and from rat testes heated to 37, 40, 43 and 45 degrees C; no such exclusion was seen in testes of rats which had been given cadmium chloride 5 months earlier so as to destroy the seminiferous tubules.5. It is suggested that this permeability barrier will regulate the access to the seminiferous epithelium of some constituents of blood plasma, isolate the germinal cells immunologically and help to maintain the concentration differences between rete testis fluid and lymph or blood plasma.

Renal excretion of sodium during oral water administration in patients with systemic hypertension

The renal excretion of sodium and water was studied in 10 hypertensive subjects following an oral sustained 20 ml/kg water load. The study was performed under conditions controlled for sodium content of the diet, time of the day, and posture; the urine was collected by spontaneous voiding. The results were compared with those obtained from 10 normotensive subjects studied under similar conditions.

The increased urine flow following the water load in the hypertensive subjects was not accompanied by increased excretion of sodium, a pattern similar to the one observed in the normotensive subjects.

Comparing the group of hypertensive subjects with previously studied normotensives revealed the following additional information. The hypertensive subjects responded to water administration by increasing volume and C H H2 O more rapidly than the normotensives; however, the maximal response was not significantly different. The fractional reabsorption of sodium was less in the hypertensive subjects despite a lower filtered load of sodium. This suggests a difference in the renal tubular handling of sodium between hypertensive and normotensive subjects.

Relationship between Diuretic and Antihypertensive Effects of Chlorothiazide and Mercurial Diuretics

Both chlorothiazide and parenteral mercurial diuretics have an antihypertensive as well as a natriuretic action. Previous observations have suggested that the antihypertensive effect is not due solely to sodium depletion. This paper expands these observations on a larger group of normotensive and hypertensive subjects and presents new studies on the effects of fluorohydrocortisone and SC-8109 (a "steroidal antagonist"), upon the sodium excretion and blood pressure of hypertensive patients during treatment with one of the diuretics.