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Zanetti HR, Mendes EL, Palandri Chagas AC, Gomes Douglas MO, Paranhos Lopes LT, Roever L, Gonçalves A, Santos Resende E. Triad of the Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease in People Living with HIV? Association Between Risk Factors, HIV Infection, and Use of Antiretroviral Therapy. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2018; 20:30. [PMID: 29777448 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-018-0727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review is focused on cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-infected people. RECENT FINDINGS Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly increased the life expectancy of HIV-infected people. Thus, this population has experienced non-HIV-related diseases, mainly cardiovascular diseases. Thus, in our review, we intend to understand the cardiovascular risk factors that trigger this situation. We have demonstrated that both ART and traditional cardiovascular risk factors contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected people. Thus, it becomes important to stratify the risk factors to reduce this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Ribeiro Zanetti
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. .,Master Institute of Education President Antônio Carlos, Avenida Minas Gerais, 1889 - Centro, Araguari, MG, 38.440-046, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Leonardo Roever
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Gonçalves
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.,Master Institute of Education President Antônio Carlos, Avenida Minas Gerais, 1889 - Centro, Araguari, MG, 38.440-046, Brazil.,Atenas Faculty, Paracatu, MG, Brazil
| | - Elmiro Santos Resende
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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202
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Steffensen LB, Feddersen S, Preil SR, Rasmussen LM. No detectable differential microRNA expression between non-atherosclerotic arteries of type 2 diabetic patients (treated or untreated with metformin) and non-diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:72. [PMID: 29773082 PMCID: PMC5958402 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Using non-atherosclerotic internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) obtained from coronary artery bypass grafting, we previously identified a distinct elevation in the level of proteins comprising the arterial basement membrane in T2DM patients not treated with metformin. Altered transcription of genes encoding these proteins has not been observed, indicating alternative mechanisms of dysregulation. Methods In this study we screened for differential expression of arterial microRNAs (miRNAs) in T2DM patients to test the hypothesis that the arterial protein signature of diabetic patients is associated with dysregulation at the miRNA level, and further to lay the foundation for novel hypotheses addressing the increased CVD risk of T2DM patients. MiRNA isolated from fresh frozen ITAs [from 18 T2DM- (10 of which were subject to metformin treatment) and 30 non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM) patients] were analyzed by microarray, and miRNAs isolated from formalin-fixated paraffin-embedded (FFPE) ITAs were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in an independent study group [26 T2DM- (15 of which were subject to metformin treatment) and 26 non-DM patients] to determine expression levels of miRNAs in a pre-defined panel of 12 miRNAs. Results Unexpectedly, no miRNAs were found to be affected by T2DM status in either of the two study groups. Conclusions Our data suggest that alternatives to microRNA dysregulation underlie T2DM-associated protein changes in non-atherosclerotic arteries. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0715-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Bach Steffensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. .,Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Søren Feddersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Simone Rørdam Preil
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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203
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Xu J, Pan X, Liang H, Lin Y, Hong Y, Si Q, Shen F, Gu X. Association between skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio and arterial stiffness in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:89. [PMID: 29739314 PMCID: PMC5941613 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skeletal muscle mass-to-visceral fat area ratio (SVR) has been linked to arterial stiffness in non-diabetic adults. We examined the association between the SVR and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (252 men and 171 women) aged 40-75 years were enrolled and divided into three groups according to SVR tertiles. Arterial stiffness was measured as brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), with baPWV> 1800 mm/s defined as high. Spearman's partial correlation was used to adjust confounding factors. The odds ratio for high baPWV was determined by multiple logistic regression analyses, and receiver-operating characteristic analysis was conducted. RESULTS SVR was associated with baPWV in Chinese patients with T2DM (Spearman's partial correlation = - 0.129, P < 0.01). SVR was found to be significantly associated with baPWV on multiple logistic regression analysis. Patients in the lower SVR tertiles had a higher OR than did those in the higher SVR tertiles, after adjusting for multiple covariates (Q1: OR = 4.33 in men and 4.66 in women; Q3: OR = 1). The area under the curve for SVR was significantly greater than that for appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM), ASM/height2, and visceral fat area (VAF) for identifying high baPWV (0.747 in men and 0.710 in women). The optimal cutoffs values of SVR for detecting high baPWV were 191.7 g/cm2 for men and 157.3 g/cm2 for women. CONCLUSIONS SVR has an independent, negative association with arterial stiffness, and is a better risk-assessment tool than ASM, ASM/height2, and VFA in clinical practice to identify patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haili Liang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilian Hong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiya Si
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feixia Shen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China.
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204
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Miao R, Wu L, Ni P, Zeng Y, Chen Z. The comorbidity of increased arterial stiffness and microalbuminuria in a survey of middle-aged adults in China. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:83. [PMID: 29728070 PMCID: PMC5935953 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased arterial stiffness (iAS) and microalbuminuria (MAU), which may occur simultaneously or separately in the general population and share similar risk factors, are markers of macro- and microvascular injuries. Our research investigated the comorbidity of iAS and MAU in the middle-aged population and examined the heterogeneous effects of metabolic risk factors on iAS and MAU. METHODS We selected 11,911 individuals aged 45 to 60 years who underwent a health examination at the 3rd Xiangya Hospital between 2010 and 2014. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was determined according to IDF/NHLBI/AHA-2009 criteria. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to evaluate the influence of MetS, components of MetS and clusters of MetS on the co-occurrence (MAU(+)/iAS(+)) or non-co-occurrence (MAU(+)/iAS(-) and MAU(-)/iAS(+)) of MAU and iAS. RESULTS Reference group was MAU(-)/iAS(-). A positive effect of MetS on the presence of MAU(+)/iAS(-), MAU(-)/iAS(+), or MAU(+)/iAS(+) is listed in ascending order based on odds ratios (ORs = 2.11, 2.41, 4.61, respectively; P < 0.05). Compared with MAU(+)/iAS(-), Elevated blood pressure (BP) (OR = 1.62 vs. 4.83, P < 0.05), triglycerides(TG) (OR = 1.20 vs. 1.37, P < 0.05) were more strongly associated with MAU(-)/iAS(+), whereas fasting blood glucose (FBG) was less associated (OR = 1.37 vs. 1.31, P < 0.05). Decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c) (OR = 1.84, P < 0.01) and elevated waist circumference(WC) (OR = 1.28 P < 0.01) were the most strongly associated with MAU(+)/iAS(-). Compared with the individuals without MetS, individuals with the elevated BP, FBG, TG and decreased HDL-c cluster had the greatest likelihood of presenting a MAU(-)/iAS(+) (OR = 5.98, P < 0.01) and MAU(+)/iAS(+) (OR = 13.17, P < 0.01), these likelihood was even greater than the cluster with simultaneous alteration in all five MetS components (OR = 3.89 and 10.77, respectively, P < 0.01), which showed the most strongly association with MAU(+)/iAS(+) (OR = 5.22, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Based on the heterogeneous influences of MetS-related risk factors on MAU and iAS, these influences could be selectively targeted to identify different types of vascular injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujia Miao
- Department of Health Management, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liuxin Wu
- Institute of Aviation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Ni
- Statistics Department, Public Health Academy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Health Management, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiheng Chen
- Department of Health Management, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China.
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205
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Si D, Ni L, Wang Y, Liu J, Yang J, Yang P. A new method for the assessment of endothelial function with peripheral arterial volume. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:81. [PMID: 29728052 PMCID: PMC5935917 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, many methodological approaches have been developed to assess peripheral endothelial function. However, a development of the noninvasive and automated technique for routinely assessing endothelial function is still required. We evaluated the potential value of a new method to measure peripheral endothelial function with reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial volume (RH-PAV) in patients with chest pain. Methods We used a novel oximeter-like probe to detect the peripheral arterial volume (PAV) of the finger and compared it with brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) performed in 93 consecutive patients with chest pain. The RH-PAV index was defined as the ratio of the digital pulse volume during reactive hyperemia relative to the baseline. Results Ninety-three patients (53 men, 58 ± 5 years) completed the study, and 53 patients demonstrated coronary artery disease (CAD) following scheduled coronary angiography. There was a moderate linear relationship between PAV and FMD (r = 0.69, p < 0.01). Similar to FMD, PAV was more impaired in patients who have more cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs). The subjects with CAD had lower PAV and FMD, compared with those without CAD (1.05 ± 0.23 VS. 1.41 ± 0.37, p < 0.01; 6.7% ± 2.9% VS. 10.4% ± 2.9%, p < 0.01, respectively), and the relationships between FMD and PAV were also significant in both CAD (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) and non-CAD (r = 0.62, p < 0.01) patients. Conclusions Endothelial function of digital artery assessed with the novel PAV method demonstrated a profile similar to that of brachial artery measured with FMD. The hyperemia PAV was decreased by factors which were considered to impair endothelial function, suggesting that PAV has the potential to be a novel method to study endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyuan Si
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Xiantai Street NO.126, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lujia Ni
- Department of Ultrasonography, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Xiantai Street NO.126, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinsha Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Xiantai Street NO.126, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jining Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Xiantai Street NO.126, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Xiantai Street NO.126, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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206
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Deng Y, Lei T, Li H, Mo X, Wang Z, Ou H. ERK5/KLF2 activation is involved in the reducing effects of puerarin on monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and atherosclerotic lesion in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2590-2599. [PMID: 29723698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin has properties of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, which has been demonstrated protective effects in atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. However, the detail molecular mechanism still remains unclear. Here, we determined whether the atheroprotective effect of puerarin was by reducing monocyte adhesion and explored the underlying mechanism. The results showed that puerarin dose- and time-dependently reduced oxLDL-induced monocyte THP-1 adhesion to HUVECs and the expression of adhesion-related genes such as VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and IL-8 in HUVECs. Puerarin activated ERK5 phosphorylation and up-regulated expressions of downstream KLF2 and its targeted genes endothelial nitric oxide synthase and thrombomodulin. However, the protective effects were reversed by ERK5/KLF2 pathway inhibitor XDM8-92, BIX02189 or KLF2 siRNA suggesting the pathway involved in the function. The ex vivo assay, in which THP-1 adhesion to endothelium isolated from apoE-/- mice received various treatments further confirmed the results from HUVECs. Finally, we found that the atherosclerotic lesions in both cross sections at aortic root and whole aorta were significantly reduced in high fat-diet (HFD) mice with puerarin treatment compared with the HFD-only mice, but were increased respectively by 76% and 71% in XMD8-92 group, and 82% and 73% in BIX02189 group. Altogether, the data revealed that puerarin inhibited the monocyte adhesion in vitro and in vivo and thus reduced atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-/- mice; the protective effects were mediated by activation of ERK5/KLF2 signaling pathway. Our findings advance the understanding of puerarin function in atherosclerosis and point out a way to prevent the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Tingwen Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Xiaochuan Mo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Zhuting Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Hailong Ou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, PR China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Resistant hypertension (RHTN) is a condition in which besides the antihypertensive therapy using at least three different drugs (including a diuretics), brachial blood pressure does not reach the target (e.g., 140/90 mmHg). RECENT FINDINGS Despite the diversity of clinical presentations, we divide RHTN in two major groups according to blood pressure and number of drugs taken: controlled (C-RHTN) and uncontrolled (UC-RHTN) resistant hypertension, with refractory hypertension (RfHTN) included in the latter subgroup. Both C-RHTN and UC-RHTN are heterogenic and complex syndromes. To better approach this matter, the some pathophysiological mechanisms (increased volemia, hyperactivity, plasma cortisol, adipocitokines, and other pro-inflammatory factors), have a pivotal clinical role. Some features (African ethnic, obesity, age > 60, LV hypertrophy, and vascular stiffness) increase the risk of refractoriness as well as worst prognosis. Based on increased target organ damage, cardiovascular risk and events will be addressed in this review. Our conclusion is that although both C-RHTN and UC-RHTN are extreme phenotypes of hard-to-control BP, some mechanisms of the disease and clinical expressions are distinct. According to these differences, "UC-RHTN and C-RHTN are not in the same bag."
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208
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Pan J, Lu L, Wang X, Liu D, Tian J, Liu H, Zhang M, Xu F, An F. AIM2 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell migration in atherosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:401-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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209
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Derya MA, Demir V, Ede H. Relationship between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and epicardial fat tissue thickness in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:940-950. [PMID: 29332485 PMCID: PMC5972270 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517749130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Epicardial fat tissue thickness (EFT) and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are associated with atherosclerosis. Few studies have focused on the relationship between these parameters in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension. In this study, we examined the relationship between EFT and the NLR in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension detected by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Methods Eighty consecutive patients without chronic illness who were diagnosed with hypertension according to ABPM results and 80 otherwise healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. EFT of each participant was measured echocardiographically. The C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and NLR were measured from venous blood samples. Results The 24-hour average systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the hypertension group than in the control group (143±17 vs. 117±7 mmHg, respectively). There were no significant differences in age, sex, or body mass index between the two groups. EFT, the NLR, and the CRP concentration were significantly higher in the hypertension group than control group. Additionally, a significantly positive correlation between EFT and the NLR was found in both the control group and hypertension group. Conclusion A higher EFT and NLR were detected in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension than in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Derya
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, 485513 Bozok University, Yozgat , Turkey
| | - Vahit Demir
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, 485513 Bozok University, Yozgat , Turkey
| | - Huseyin Ede
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, 485513 Bozok University, Yozgat , Turkey
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210
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Chen QF, Cao D, Ye TT, Deng HH, Zhu H. Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated with an Increase in Fibrinogen Levels. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:3709534. [PMID: 30532778 PMCID: PMC6250013 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3709534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study is undertaken to investigate the fibrinogen levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its relation to peripheral artery disease (PAD) based on a more accurate and applied noninvasive measurements of duplex ultrasonography. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study including 1096 T2DM patients (474 males and 622 females). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented to show the association between PAD and fibrinogen in the subjects divided by fibrinogen levels quarterly. Furthermore, the univariate and multiple logistic analyses were performed to explore the correlation between PAD and fibrinogen levels, individual components in the cross-sectional study. RESULTS Finally, 887 (80.9%) T2DM patients meet the diagnostic criteria of PAD and these patients had considerably higher serum fibrinogen concentration than non-PAD group (P < 0.001). Multiple logistic analyses revealed that higher fibrinogen quartiles were positively related with the development of PAD in the adjusted model. After adjusting for known confounding parameters, the ORs for PAD were 1.993 (95% CI: 1.322-3.005, P < 0.001), 2.469 (95% CI: 1.591-3.831, P < 0.001), and 2.942 (95% CI, 1.838-4.711, P < 0.001) for Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively (all P values <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that serum fibrinogen concentration can be considered as an independent risk factor for PAD in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Fen Chen
- Medical and Health Care Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Dan Cao
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ting-Ting Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hui-Hui Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Rusu ME, Gheldiu AM, Mocan A, Vlase L, Popa DS. Anti-aging potential of tree nuts with a focus on the phytochemical composition, molecular mechanisms and thermal stability of major bioactive compounds. Food Funct 2018; 9:2554-2575. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01967j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tree nuts, complete functional foods, contain macro- and micronutrients of high biological value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca 400012
- Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Gheldiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca 400012
- Romania
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca 400012
- Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca 400012
- Romania
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca 400012
- Romania
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English RS. A hypothetical pathogenesis model for androgenic alopecia: clarifying the dihydrotestosterone paradox and rate-limiting recovery factors. Med Hypotheses 2017; 111:73-81. [PMID: 29407002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Androgenic alopecia, also known as pattern hair loss, is a chronic progressive condition that affects 80% of men and 50% of women throughout a lifetime. But despite its prevalence and extensive study, a coherent pathology model describing androgenic alopecia's precursors, biological step-processes, and physiological responses does not yet exist. While consensus is that androgenic alopecia is genetic and androgen-mediated by dihydrotestosterone, questions remain regarding dihydrotestosterone's exact role in androgenic alopecia onset. What causes dihydrotestosterone to increase in androgenic alopecia-prone tissues? By which mechanisms does dihydrotestosterone miniaturize androgenic alopecia-prone hair follicles? Why is dihydrotestosterone also associated with hair growth in secondary body and facial hair? Why does castration (which decreases androgen production by 95%) stop pattern hair loss, but not fully reverse it? Is there a relationship between dihydrotestosterone and tissue remodeling observed alongside androgenic alopecia onset? We review evidence supporting and challenging dihydrotestosterone's causal relationship with androgenic alopecia, then propose an evidence-based pathogenesis model that attempts to answer the above questions, account for additionally-suspected androgenic alopecia mediators, identify rate-limiting recovery factors, and elucidate better treatment targets. The hypothesis argues that: (1) chronic scalp tension transmitted from the galea aponeurotica induces an inflammatory response in androgenic alopecia-prone tissues; (2) dihydrotestosterone increases in androgenic alopecia-prone tissues as part of this inflammatory response; and (3) dihydrotestosterone does not directly miniaturize hair follicles. Rather, dihydrotestosterone is a co-mediator of tissue dermal sheath thickening, perifollicular fibrosis, and calcification - three chronic, progressive conditions concomitant with androgenic alopecia progression. These conditions remodel androgenic alopecia-prone tissues - restricting follicle growth space, oxygen, and nutrient supply - leading to the slow, persistent hair follicle miniaturization characterized in androgenic alopecia. If true, this hypothetical model explains the mechanisms by which dihydrotestosterone miniaturizes androgenic alopecia-prone hair follicles, describes a rationale for androgenic alopecia progression and patterning, makes sense of dihydrotestosterone's paradoxical role in hair loss and hair growth, and identifies targets to further improve androgenic alopecia recovery rates: fibrosis, calcification, and chronic scalp tension.
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Farzan SF, Howe CG, Zens MS, Palys T, Channon JY, Li Z, Chen Y, Karagas MR. Urine Arsenic and Arsenic Metabolites in U.S. Adults and Biomarkers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:127002. [PMID: 29373859 PMCID: PMC5963594 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic (As) exposure has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and with biomarkers of potential CVD risk and inflammatory processes. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of As on such biomarkers in U.S. populations, which are typically exposed to low to moderate As concentrations. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations between As exposures and biomarkers relevant to inflammation, oxidative stress, and CVD risk in a subset of participants from the New Hampshire Health Study, a population with low to moderate As exposure (n=418). METHODS Associations between toenail As, total urine As (uAs), and %uAs metabolites [monomethyl (%uMMAV), dimethyl (%uDMAV), and inorganic (%iAs) species] and plasma biomarkers, including soluble plasma vascular and cellular adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, respectively), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tumor necrosis factor-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and urinary oxidative stress marker 15-F2t-isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP), were evaluated using linear regression models. RESULTS Covariate-adjusted estimates of associations with a doubling of urinary As suggested an 8.8% increase in 15-F2t-IsoP (95% CI: 3.2, 14.7), and a doubling of toenail As was associated with a 1.7% increase in VCAM-1 (95% CI: 0.2, 3.2). Additionally, a 5% increase in %uMMA was associated with a 7.9% increase in 15-F2t-IsoP (95% CI: 2.1, 14.1), and a 5% increase in %uDMA was associated with a 2.98% decrease in 15-F2t-IsoP [(95% CI: -6.1, 0.21); p=0.07]. However, in contrast with expectations, a doubling of toenail As was associated with a 2.3% decrease (95% CI: -4.3, -0.3) in MMP-9, and a 5% increase in %uMMA was associated with a 7.7% decrease (95% CI: -12.6, -2.5) in PAI-1. CONCLUSION In a cross-sectional study of U.S. adults, we observed some positive associations of uAs and toenail As concentrations with biomarkers potentially relevant to CVD pathogenesis and inflammation, and evidence of a higher capacity to metabolize inorganic As was negatively associated with a marker of oxidative stress. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2062.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael S Zens
- Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Thomas Palys
- Center for Molecular Epidemiology at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jacqueline Y Channon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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