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Activation of General Control Nonderepressible-2 Kinase Ameliorates Glucotoxicity in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells, Preserves Their Integrity, and Prevents Mesothelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120832. [PMID: 31817562 PMCID: PMC6995539 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with infections, ultrafiltration failure due to the toxicity of glucose-containing peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions is the Achilles’ heel of PD method. Triggered by the protective effect of general control nonderepressible-2 (GCN-2) kinase activation against high-glucose conditions in other cell types, we evaluated whether the same occurs in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. We activated GCN-2 kinase with halofuginone or tryptophanol, and assessed the impact of this intervention on glucose transporter-1, glucose transporter-3, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-1, glucose influx, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the events that result in glucotoxicity. These involve the inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the diversion of upstream glycolytic products to the aldose pathway (assessed by D-sorbitol), the lipid synthesis pathway (assessed by protein kinase C activity), the hexosamine pathway (determined by O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine-modified proteins), and the advanced glycation end products generation pathway (assessed by methylglyoxal). Then, we examined the production of the profibrotic transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), the pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 (IL-8). Cell apoptosis was assessed by cleaved caspase-3, and mesothelial to mesenchymal transition (MMT) was evaluated by α-smooth muscle actin protein. High-glucose conditions increased glucose transporters, glucose influx, ROS, all the high-glucose-induced harmful pathways, TGF-β1 and IL-8, cell apoptosis, and MMT. Halofuginone and tryptophanol inhibited all of the above high glucose-induced alterations, indicating that activation of GCN-2 kinase ameliorates glucotoxicity in human peritoneal mesothelial cells, preserves their integrity, and prevents MMT. Whether such a strategy could be applied in the clinic to avoid ultrafiltration failure in PD patients remains to be investigated.
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202
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Potential Impact of MicroRNA Gene Polymorphisms in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. J Pers Med 2019; 9:jpm9040051. [PMID: 31775219 PMCID: PMC6963792 DOI: 10.3390/jpm9040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small (18–23 nucleotides), non-coding RNA molecules. They regulate the posttranscriptional expression of their target genes. MiRNAs control vital physiological processes such as metabolism, development, differentiation, cell cycle and apoptosis. The control of the gene expression by miRNAs requires efficient binding between the miRNA and their target mRNAs. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have suggested the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with certain diseases in various populations. Gene polymorphisms of miRNA target sites have been implicated in diseases such as cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular and Parkinson’s disease. Likewise, gene polymorphisms of miRNAs have been reported to be associated with diseases. In this review, we discuss the SNPs in miRNA genes that have been associated with diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in different populations. We also discuss briefly the potential underlining mechanisms through which these SNPs increase the risk of developing these diseases.
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203
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Ko KI, Syverson AL, Kralik RM, Choi J, DerGarabedian BP, Chen C, Graves DT. Diabetes-Induced NF-κB Dysregulation in Skeletal Stem Cells Prevents Resolution of Inflammation. Diabetes 2019; 68:2095-2106. [PMID: 31439641 PMCID: PMC6804629 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) imposes a significant health burden by negatively affecting tissue regeneration during wound healing. The adverse effect of diabetes is attributed to high levels of inflammation, but the cellular mechanisms responsible remain elusive. In this study, we show that intrinsic skeletal stem cells (SSCs), a subset of mesenchymal stem cells, are essential for resolution of inflammation to occur during osseous healing by using genetic approaches to selectively ablate SSCs. T1D caused aberrant nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in SSCs and substantially enhanced inflammation in vivo. Constitutive or tamoxifen-induced inhibition of NF-κB in SSCs rescued the impact of diabetes on inflammation, SSC expansion, and tissue formation. In contrast, NF-κB inhibition in chondrocytes failed to reverse the effect of T1D. Mechanistically, diabetes caused defective proresolving macrophage (M2) polarization by reducing TGF-β1 expression by SSCs, which was recovered by NF-κB inhibition or exogenous TGF-β1 treatment. These data identify an underlying mechanism for altered healing in T1D and demonstrate that diabetes induces NF-κB hyperactivation in SSCs to disrupt their ability to modulate M2 polarization and resolve inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang I Ko
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abby L Syverson
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Richard M Kralik
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jerry Choi
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brett P DerGarabedian
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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204
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Fu H, Liu S, Bastacky SI, Wang X, Tian XJ, Zhou D. Diabetic kidney diseases revisited: A new perspective for a new era. Mol Metab 2019; 30:250-263. [PMID: 31767176 PMCID: PMC6838932 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. As the most common microvascular complication of diabetes, DKD is a thorny, clinical problem in terms of its diagnosis and management. Intensive glucose control in DKD could slow down but not significantly halt disease progression. Revisiting the tremendous advances that have occurred in the field would enhance recognition of DKD pathogenesis as well as improve our understanding of translational science in DKD in this new era. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize advances in the understanding of the local microenvironmental changes in diabetic kidneys and discuss the involvement of genetic and epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of DKD. We also review DKD prevalence changes and analyze the challenges in optimizing the diagnostic approaches and management strategies for DKD in the clinic. As we enter the era of 'big data', we also explore the possibility of linking systems biology with translational medicine in DKD in the current healthcare system. MAJOR CONCLUSION Newer understanding of the structural changes of diabetic kidneys and mechanisms of DKD pathogenesis, as well as emergent research technologies will shed light on new methods of dealing with the existing clinical challenges of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sheldon I Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiao-Jun Tian
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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205
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The effect of C-peptide on diabetic nephropathy: A review of molecular mechanisms. Life Sci 2019; 237:116950. [PMID: 31605709 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
C-peptide is a small peptide connecting two chains of proinsulin molecule and is dissociated before the release of insulin. It is secreted in an equimolar amount to insulin from the pancreatic beta-cells into the circulation. Recent evidence demonstrates that it has other physiologic activities beyond its structural function. C-peptide modulates intracellular signaling pathways in various pathophysiologic states and, could potentially be a new therapeutic target for different disorders including diabetic complications. There is growing evidence that c-peptide has modulatory effects on the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Although we have little direct evidence, pharmacological properties of c-peptide suggest that it can provide potent renoprotective effects especially, in a c-peptide deficient milieu as in type 1 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we describe possible molecular mechanisms by which c-peptide may improve renal efficiency in a diabetic milieu.
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206
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Xian Y, Lin Y, Cao C, Li L, Wang J, Niu J, Guo Y, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang W. Protective effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells combined with resveratrol against renal podocyte damage in NOD mice. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 156:107755. [PMID: 31150720 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of chronic inflammation initiated by persistent hyperglycemia in podocyte injury has attracted increasing attention. The advanced glycation end products (RAGE) receptor- nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB) signaling pathway is involved in the occurrence of inflammation. We speculate that treatment with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) combined with resveratrol can block this signaling pathway and protect podocyte function. METHODS Non obesity diabetes(NOD) mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: NOD-T1DM, Res, hUCMSCs, hUCMSCs + Res and insulin (INS)groups. Mice without diabetes were classified as NOD control group(NOD group). Blood glucose(BG), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(SCr), 24-h urine albumin excretion rate (UAER) were measured. The expression of nephrin, WT1 and RAGE, MCP-1 in renal tissues were detected by Western blot, expression of NF-кB protein(P65) was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The combined treatment of hUCMSCs and Resveratrol can reduce BG, BUN, SCr, 24-h UAER, and the expression of the inflammatory factors MCP-1, RAGE and NF-кB; increase the number of podocytes and the expression of the podocyte-related proteins nephrin and WT1 in type 1 diabetes mellitus, and improve renal pathological structure. CONCLUSIONS Combining of hUCMSCs and resveratrol can better protect renal podocyte function, and the effects on the reduction of blood glucose and renal injury are better than those obtained by insulin treatment. This indicated that the combination of Res and hUCMSCs may be a novel therapeutic method for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Xian
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Caixia Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiapeng Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yunlei Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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207
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Li M, Guo Q, Cai H, Wang H, Ma Z, Zhang X. miR-218 regulates diabetic nephropathy via targeting IKK-β and modulating NK-κB-mediated inflammation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3362-3371. [PMID: 31549412 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common clinically relevant complication of diabetes that is associated with damage to the capillaries, yet the etiology of this condition remains unclear. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation is known to be associated with DN-related inflammation and disease progression. Recent work indicated that microRNAs are diagnostic biomarkers of DN progression associated with inflammation in the progression of DN. miR-218 is known to play key regulatory roles in certain cancers in humans, while its influence on DN pathology remains uncertain. The present study, therefore, sought to assess how miR-218 influences the progression of disease in both a rat streptozotocin-induced model of DN and as well as an in vitro model system in which mouse podocytes were stimulated with high glucose levels. We found miR-218 to be markedly downregulated in both model systems relative to appropriate controls, and this downregulation was associated with IKK-β upregulation. In DN rat model, overexpressing miR-218 was sufficient to reduce renal injury. We further determined that podocyte proliferation was markedly impaired by glucose treatment, leading to the apoptotic death of these cells, and miR-218 mimics were able to reduce these phenotypes. Overexpressing miR-218 also significantly dampened inflammatory responses in this model system, as evidenced by reduced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and MCP-1 levels. We then confirmed that miR-218 targeting the messenger RNA encoding IKK-β using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Together, our results provide clear evidence that miR-218 regulate NF-κB-mediated inflammation, which is central to DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiushi Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanqing Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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208
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Kumawat VS, Kaur G. Therapeutic potential of cannabinoid receptor 2 in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172628. [PMID: 31461639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of endocannabinoid system are mediated by two types of receptors, cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2). They play a pivotal role in the management of pain, inflammation, cancer, obesity and diabetes mellitus. CB2 receptor activity downregulation is hallmark of inflammation and oxidative stress. Strong evidence display the relation between activation of CB2 receptors with decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-apoptotic factors. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have been validated to confirm the role of CB2 receptor in the management of obesity, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Activation of CB2 receptor has led to reduction of inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) and also amelioration of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species playing role in apoptosis. Many studies confirmed the role of CB2 receptors in the insulin secretion via facilitating calcium entry into the pancreatic β-cells. CB2 receptors also displayed improvement in the neuronal and renal functions by decreasing the oxidative stress and downregulating inflammatory cascade. The present review addresses, potential role of CB2 receptor activation in management of diabetes and its complications. It also includes the role of CB2 receptors as an anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory for the treatment of DM and its complications. Also, an informative summary of CB2 receptor agonist drugs is provided with their potential role in the reduction of glucose levels, increment in the insulin levels, decrease in the hyperglycaemic oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek S Kumawat
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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209
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Li Y, Dong J, Shang Y, Zhao Q, Li P, Wu B. Anti-inflammatory effects of hederagenin on diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibiting NF-κB and Smads signaling pathways in a type-2 diabetic mice model. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26238-26247. [PMID: 35531007 PMCID: PMC9070383 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hederagenin (HED) is a bioactive natural compound of pentacyclic triterpenes extracted from many medicinal plants. It has a wide range of antitumor cytotoxic effects and significant anti-inflammation effects. However, at present, it is unclear whether HED can inhibit cardiac remodelling caused by diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we evaluated the effects of HED on pathological abnormalities in cardiac structures and cardiac insufficiency caused by diabetic cardiomyopathy and focused on the inflammatory signalling pathways of the diabetic heart. Treatment with HED reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, the heart and body mass of diabetic db/db mice but had no effect on fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Moreover, after HED treatment, the cardiac dysfunction of diabetic mice was relieved, and myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis decreased. Furthermore, HED inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Smads and decreased the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and Smads. Additionally, the expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and collagen I, which are target downstream molecules of the NF-κB and Smads signalling pathways, were also decreased in diabetic hearts. Taken together, our findings suggest that the cardioprotective effect of HED may be achieved by reducing the activation of inflammation-associated NF-κB and Smads signalling. We suggest that the protective effect of HED on the diabetic heart, as revealed in this study, should be further explored in-depth to elucidate its cell biology and molecular mechanisms. Hederagenin (HED) is a bioactive natural compound of pentacyclic triterpenes extracted from many medicinal plants.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Junli Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yinghui Shang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China.,Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital Xining China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Laboratory of Platelet and Endothelium Biology, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology No. 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District Wuhan 430022 China +8615607189460
| | - Bin Wu
- Laboratory of Platelet and Endothelium Biology, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology No. 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District Wuhan 430022 China +8615607189460
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210
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Souza CS, de Sousa Oliveira BS, Viana GN, Correia TML, de Bragança AC, Canale D, Oliveira MV, de Magalhães ACM, Volpini RA, de Brito Amaral LS, de Jesus Soares T. Preventive effect of exercise training on diabetic kidney disease in ovariectomized rats with type 1 diabetes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:758-769. [PMID: 31042072 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219843830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT To date, no studies have been found evaluating the effects of physical exercise on renal function and structure changes in ovariectomized rats with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, this work emerges with an important tool for strengthening and expanding innovative research on exercise with potential for the prevention of renal diseases in ovariectomized diabetic rats, and future development of studies that seek to increase scientific knowledge about the beneficial effects of physical exercise on renal diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Silva Souza
- 1 Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
| | - Bianca Silva de Sousa Oliveira
- 1 Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
| | - Geovanildo Nascimento Viana
- 1 Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
| | - Thiago Macêdo Lopes Correia
- 1 Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina de Bragança
- 2 Departamento de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Pesquisa Básica-LIM12, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Daniele Canale
- 2 Departamento de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Pesquisa Básica-LIM12, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira
- 1 Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
| | - Amélia Cristina Mendes de Magalhães
- 1 Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
| | - Rildo Aparecido Volpini
- 2 Departamento de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Pesquisa Básica-LIM12, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Liliany Souza de Brito Amaral
- 1 Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
| | - Telma de Jesus Soares
- 1 Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brasil
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211
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Makary S, Abdo M, Hassan WA, Tawfik MK. Angiotensin blockade attenuates diabetic nephropathy in hypogonadal adult male rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:708-720. [PMID: 30970225 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (0.5 mg/kg) alone or in combination with the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan (30 mg/kg) against streptozocin-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in hypogonadal (HG) rats for 12 weeks. First, we tested the HG effect on hormone levels, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress in nondiabetic (ND) and diabetic (D) rats. HG was induced with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix (0.71 mg/kg). Diabetes enhanced hormonal hypogonadism and increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Next, experiments examined the effect of early letrozole and valsartan intervention on DN in HG rats. HG-ND and HG-D rats were treated with letrozole alone or in combination with valsartan. HG-D rats developed proteinuria and had increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, and histopathological evidence of renal injury, including glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial expansion. Valsartan alone or in combination with letrozole reduced proteinuria, improved renal functions, and reduced diabetes-induced renal angiotensin II. Both agents ameliorated nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels. The combination decreased superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase levels, and prevented glomerular hypertrophy. In HG-D rats, valsartan reduced renal collagen IV and transforming growth factor-beta 1, especially when the testosterone level was corrected by letrozole. Thus, normalizing testosterone and inhibiting renal angiotensin II have a renoprotective effect against DN in HG male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Makary
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wael Abdo Hassan
- b Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,c Department of Basic Sciences, Sulaiman Al-Rajhi College of Medicine, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona K Tawfik
- d Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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212
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Rossino MG, Casini G. Nutraceuticals for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040771. [PMID: 30987058 PMCID: PMC6520779 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and is characterized by degeneration of retinal neurons and neoangiogenesis, causing a severe threat to vision. Nowadays, the principal treatment options for DR are laser photocoagulation, vitreoretinal surgery, or intravitreal injection of drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor. However, these treatments only act at advanced stages of DR, have short term efficacy, and cause side effects. Treatment with nutraceuticals (foods providing medical or health benefits) at early stages of DR may represent a reasonable alternative to act upstream of the disease, preventing its progression. In particular, in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that a variety of nutraceuticals have significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may inhibit the early diabetes-driven molecular mechanisms that induce DR, reducing both the neural and vascular damage typical of DR. Although most studies are limited to animal models and there is the problem of low bioavailability for many nutraceuticals, the use of these compounds may represent a natural alternative method to standard DR treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Casini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Laddha AP, Kulkarni YA. Tannins and vascular complications of Diabetes: An update. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 56:229-245. [PMID: 30668344 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with persistent increased level of glucose in the blood. According to a report by World Health Organisation (WHO), prevalence of diabetes among adults over 18 years of age had reached to 8.5% in year 2014 which was 4.7% in 1980s. The Prolong increased level of glucose in blood leads to development of microvascular (blindness, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular (cardiovascular and stroke) degenerative complications because of uncontrolled level of glucose in blood. This also leads to the progression of oxidative stress and affecting metabolic, genetic and haemodynamic system by activation of polyol pathway, protein kinase C pathway, hexosamine pathway and increases advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. Diabetes mellitus and its associated complications are one of the major leading causes of mortality worldwide. Various natural products like alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids and polyphenols are reported for their activity in management of diabetes and its associated diabetic complications. Tannins are systematically studied by many researchers in past few decades for their effect in diabetes and its complications. AIM The present review was designed to compile the data of tannins and their beneficial effects in the management of diabetic complications. METHOD Literature search was performed using various dataset like pubmed, EBSCO, proQuest Scopus and selected websites including the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the World Health Organization (WHO). RESULTS Globally, more than 400 natural products have been investigated in diabetes and its complications. Tannins are the polyphenolic compounds present in many medicinal plants and various dietary sources like fruits, nuts, grains, spices and beverages. Various reports have shown that compounds like gallic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, epicatechin and procynidins from medicinal plants play major role in controlling progression of diabetes and its related complications by acting on molecular pathways and key targets involved in progression. Many chemists used above mentioned phyto-constituents as a pharmacophore for the developing new chemical entities having higher therapeutic benefits in management of diabetic complications. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the role of various tannins in prevention and management of diabetic complications like diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic cardiomyopathy. It will help researchers to find some leads for the development of new cost effective therapy using dietary source for the management of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit P Laddha
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India.
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Ma T, Zheng Z, Guo H, Lian X, Rane MJ, Cai L, Kim KS, Kim KT, Zhang Z, Bi L. 4-O-methylhonokiol ameliorates type 2 diabetes-induced nephropathy in mice likely by activation of AMPK-mediated fatty acid oxidation and Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 370:93-105. [PMID: 30876865 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious long-term complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D). 4-O-methylhonokiol (MH) is one of the biologically active ingredients extracted from the Magnolia stem bark. In this study, we aim to elucidate whether treatment with MH can ameliorate or slow-down progression of DN in a T2D murine model and, if so, whether the protective response of MH correlates with AMPK-associated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. To induce T2D, mice were fed normal diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD) for 3 months to induce insulin resistance, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ to induce hyperglycemia. Both T2D and control mice received gavage containing vehicle or MH once diabetes onset for 3 months. Once completing 3-month MH treatment, five mice from each group were sacrificed as 3 month time-point. The rest mice in each group were sacrificed 3 months later as 6 month time-point. In T2D mice, the typical DN symptoms were induced as expected, reflected by increased proteinuria, renal lipid accumulation and lipotoxic effects inducing oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions, and final fibrosis. However, these typical DN changes were significantly prevented by MH treatment for 3 months and even at 3 months post-MH withdrawal. Mechanistically, MH renal-protection from DN may be related to lipid metabolic improvement and oxidative stress attenuation along with increases in AMPK/PGC-1α/CPT1B-mediated fatty acid oxidation and Nrf2/SOD2-mediated anti-oxidative stress. Results showed the preventive effect of MH on the renal oxidative stress and inflammation in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Zongyu Zheng
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xin Lian
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Madhavi J Rane
- Division of Nephropathy, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ki Soo Kim
- SK Bioland Haimen Co. LTD, Haimen, 226133, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kyoung Tae Kim
- SK Bioland Haimen Co. LTD, Haimen, 226133, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Liqi Bi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
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Lactate accelerates calcification in VSMCs through suppression of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. Cell Signal 2019; 58:53-64. [PMID: 30851408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Arterial media calcification is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus, which is related to oxidative stress and apoptosis. Mitophagy is a special regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis and takes control of intracellular ROS generation and apoptotic pathways. High circulating levels of lactate usually accompanies diabetes. The potential link between lactate, mitophagy and vascular calcification is investigated in this study. Lactate treatment accelerated VSMC calcification, evaluated by measuring the calcium content, ALP activity, RUNX2, BMP-2 protein levels, and Alizarin red S staining. Lactate exposure caused excessive intracellular ROS generation and VSMC apoptosis. Lactate also impaired mitochondrial function, determined by mPTP opening rate, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial biogenesis markers. Western blot analysis of LC3-II and p62 and mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus detection for autophagy flux revealed that lactate blocked autophagy flux. LC3-II co-staining with LAMP-1 and autophagosome quantification revealed lactate inhibited autophagy. Furthermore, lactate inhibited mitophagy, which was confirmed by TOMM20 and BNIP3 protein levels, LC3-II colocalization with BNIP3 and TEM assays. In addition, BNIP3-mediated mitophagy played a protective role against VSMC calcification in the presence of lactate. This study suggests that lactate accelerates osteoblastic phenotype transition of VSMC and calcium deposition partly through the BNIP3-mediated mitophagy deficiency induced oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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216
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Wu Q, Liu H, Zhou M. Fangchinoline Ameliorates Diabetic Retinopathy by Inhibiting Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE)-Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B Cells (NF-κB) Pathway in Streptozotocin (STZ)-Induced Diabetic Rats. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1113-1121. [PMID: 30739905 PMCID: PMC6380384 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a macrovascular complication that occurs in diabetic patients. Conventional treatments for the management of DR have many limitations. Thus, the present investigation evaluated the protective effect of fangchinoline against diabetic retinopathy (DR). Material/Methods DR was induced by streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg; i.p.) and rats were treated with fangchinoline 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg for 16 weeks. DR was confirmed by determining the concentration of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and morphology of retinal tissues. Parameters of oxidative stress and expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) in the retinal tissue were determined by Western blot assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the apoptosis index and activity of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in the retinal tissues. Results Our study reveals that the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glucose in the plasma and AGEs in the retinal tissue were significantly reduced in the fangchinoline group compared to the DR group. Moreover, treatment with fangchinoline attenuated the altered retinal morphology and expression of inflammatory mediators and RAGE in the retinal tissues of DR rats. There was a significant (p<0.01) decrease in oxidative stress, activity of NF-κB, and apoptosis index in the fangchinoline group compared to the DR group of rats. Conclusions Our investigation shows that fangchinoline attenuates the apoptosis of retinal cells in STZ-induced diabetic retinopathy rats by inhibiting the RAGE/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Haojie Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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217
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Jinlida Granules Improve Dysfunction of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Diabetic Rats Induced by STZ. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2018:4764030. [PMID: 29984235 PMCID: PMC6011157 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4764030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective We aim to explore the effects and mechanisms of Jinlida granules on the dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Methods A total of 48 SD rats were randomized into normal control group (NC, n = 6) and diabetic group (n = 42). Rats in diabetic group were randomly divided into diabetes mellitus (DM) control group, low, medium, and high doses of Jinlida group (JL, JM, and JH), medium dose of Jinlida plus Tongxinluo group (JM + T), metformin group (Met), and Saxagliptin group (Sax) (n = 6 in each group). Diabetic rats were obtained by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and sacrificed at 8 weeks to examine the function of HPT axis. Results Levels of fasting blood glucose (P < 0.05), pIκB, TNFα (P < 0.05), pNF-κB, and IL-6 (P < 0.01) in liver tissue and TSHR mRNA expression (P < 0.01) in diabetic group were significantly increased, while levels of serum T3 and T4, thyroid hormone receptor (TR) mRNA and Dio1 mRNA in liver tissue, and sodium iodide symporter (NIS) mRNA in thyroid tissue in diabetic group were significantly decreased compared with those in NC group (P < 0.01). Among diabetic groups, level of fasting blood glucose in JH, JM + T and Met group was lower (P < 0.05) compared with DM group. However, levels of serum T3 and T4, TR mRNA in liver tissue, TSHR, and NIS mRNA in thyroid tissue in JH, JM + T, Met, and Sax group were significantly increased (P < 0.01) compared to DM group. In contrast, levels of Dio1 mRNA, pI-κB in Met and JM + T groups, pNF-κB in JH, JM + T, and Met group, and TNFα and IL-6 in JM, JH, JM + T, and Met group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). HE staining showed reduced thyroid follicular epithelium and follicular area, as well as increased colloid area in DM group, indicating impaired synthesis, reabsorption, and secretory of TH in diabetes, which was significantly improved in JH, JM + T, and Met groups. Conclusion HPT axis dysfunction in DM could be significantly improved by Jinlida granules. The mechanism might be associated with the anti-inflammatory effects involving NF-κB pathway. Our findings suggested the potential benefit of Jinlida granules for patients with HPT axis dysfunction and DM, which was to be verified by more experimental and clinical studies.
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218
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Ng SW, Chan Y, Chellappan DK, Madheswaran T, Zeeshan F, Chan YL, Collet T, Gupta G, Oliver BG, Wark P, Hansbro N, Hsu A, Hansbro PM, Dua K, Panneerselvam J. Molecular modulators of celastrol as the keystones for its diverse pharmacological activities. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:1785-1792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Yuan T, Yang T, Chen H, Fu D, Hu Y, Wang J, Yuan Q, Yu H, Xu W, Xie X. New insights into oxidative stress and inflammation during diabetes mellitus-accelerated atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2019; 20:247-260. [PMID: 30384259 PMCID: PMC6205410 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation interact in the development of diabetic atherosclerosis. Intracellular hyperglycemia promotes production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased formation of intracellular advanced glycation end-products, activation of protein kinase C, and increased polyol pathway flux. ROS directly increase the expression of inflammatory and adhesion factors, formation of oxidized-low density lipoprotein, and insulin resistance. They activate the ubiquitin pathway, inhibit the activation of AMP-protein kinase and adiponectin, decrease endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, all of which accelerate atherosclerosis. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and changes in microRNA expression that influence the regulation of target genes that occur in diabetes interact with increased ROS and inflammation to promote atherosclerosis. This review highlights the consequences of the sustained increase of ROS production and inflammation that influence the acceleration of atherosclerosis by diabetes. The potential contributions of changes in the gut microbiota and microRNA expression are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Ting Yang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Huan Chen
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Danli Fu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Hong Yu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
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Addepalli V, Suryavanshi SV. Catechin attenuates diabetic autonomic neuropathy in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1517-1523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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221
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Rauf A, Patel S, Imran M, Maalik A, Arshad MU, Saeed F, Mabkhot YN, Al-Showiman SS, Ahmad N, Elsharkawy E. Honokiol: An anticancer lignan. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:555-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Arellano Buendía AS, Tostado González M, Sánchez Reyes O, García Arroyo FE, Argüello García R, Tapia E, Sánchez Lozada LG, Osorio Alonso H. Immunomodulatory Effects of the Nutraceutical Garlic Derivative Allicin in the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103107. [PMID: 30314265 PMCID: PMC6212798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is presently the primary cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It has been suggested that inflammation and oxidative stress, in addition to or in concert with the metabolic changes, plays an important role in the maintenance and progression of the disease. Therefore, attenuating or blocking these mechanisms may be a therapeutic target to delay the progression of the disease. Diallyl thiosulfinate (allicin), a compound derived from garlic, inhibits free radical formation, increases glutathione synthesis and decreases the levels of proinflammatory molecules in vitro. This research aimed to assess the effect of allicin on oxidative stress and inflammation-induced diabetes. Animals were divided into control and diabetes (streptozotocin 50 mg/kg i.p.), and maintained for 30 days. After 30 days, the group of diabetic animals was subdivided into diabetes and allicin-treated diabetes (16 mg/kg/day oral gavage). The three experimental groups were maintained for another month. We analyzed the status of renal function, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines. The untreated diabetic group showed hyperglycemia and increased diuresis, creatinine clearance, proteinuria, glycosuria and urinary excretion of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), as well as increased oxidative stress and the expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκβ) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in plasma and kidney. In contrast, the inhibitor of NFκβ (Iκβ) is decreased in the cortex. It has been demonstrated that the allicin treatment decreases hyperglycemia, polyuria, and NAG excretion. The oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines were also reduced by the allicin treatment. In conclusion, allicin delays the progression of diabetic nephropathy through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Said Arellano Buendía
- Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" México City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Montserrat Tostado González
- Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" México City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Omegar Sánchez Reyes
- Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" México City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Fernando Enrique García Arroyo
- Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" México City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Argüello García
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-IPN, México City 07360, Mexico.
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" México City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez Lozada
- Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" México City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Horacio Osorio Alonso
- Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" México City 14080, Mexico.
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Zhu Y, Ma WQ, Han XQ, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu NF. Advanced glycation end products accelerate calcification in VSMCs through HIF-1α/PDK4 activation and suppress glucose metabolism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13730. [PMID: 30213959 PMCID: PMC6137084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial media calcification is associated with diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have shown that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are responsible for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), one of the major factors during hypoxia, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), an important mitochondrial matrix enzyme in cellular metabolism shift, have been reported in VSMC calcification. The potential link among HIF-1α, PDK4, and AGEs-induced vascular calcification was investigated in this study. We observed that AGEs elevated HIF-1α and PDK4 expression levels in a dose-dependent manner and that maximal stimulation was attained at 24 h. Two important HIF-1α-regulated genes, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), were significantly increased after AGEs exposure. Stabilization or nuclear translocation of HIF-1α increased PDK4 expression. PDK4 inhibition attenuated AGEs-induced VSMC calcification, which was evaluated by measuring the calcium content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression levels and by Alizarin red S staining. In addition, the glucose consumption, lactate production, key enzymes of glucose metabolism and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were decreased during AGEs-induced VSMC calcification. In conclusion, this study suggests that AGEs accelerate vascular calcification partly through the HIF-1α/PDK4 pathway and suppress glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Qiong Han
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Nai-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.
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Leng B, Tang F, Lu M, Zhang Z, Wang H, Zhang Y. Astragaloside IV improves vascular endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Life Sci 2018; 209:111-121. [PMID: 30081006 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Astragaloside IV (As-IV) is the major active ingredient of Astragalus membranaceus and has diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the beneficial effect of As-IV on protecting vascular endothelial dysfunction is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of As-IV on vascular endothelial dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS A diabetes model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Endothelial function in isolated aortic rings was examined; serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were tested by ELISA. The expression of nuclear Factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) in aortic tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Plasma nitric oxide (NO) was measured by the nitrate reductase method. The expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in aortic tissue were determined by western blot. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that As-IV significantly improved aortic endothelial function; increased eNOS expression and NO production; and decreased the content of IL-6 and TNF-α and the expressions of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, TLR4, and nuclear NF-κB p65 in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the above mentioned effects of As-IV on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were similar to TAK-242 (TLR4 inhibitor) and Bay 11-7082 (NF-κB p65 inhibitor). Furthermore, L-NAME (NO synthesis inhibitor) partially abolished the effect of As-IV. SIGNIFICANCE As-IV could improve vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia, and the protective effect of As-IV may be via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Leng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Futian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Meili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
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Kou L, Du M, Liu P, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Yang P, Shang M, Wang X. Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Nephritic Activities of Grifola frondosa Mycelium Polysaccharides in Diet-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Via Modulation on Oxidative Stress. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:310-322. [PMID: 29943275 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Grifola frondosa is an edible fungus with a variety of potential pharmacological activities. This study investigates the hypoglycemic, anti-diabetic nephritic, and antioxidant properties of G. frondosa polysaccharides in diet-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. After a 4-week treatment with 100 mg/kg of metformin and 200 mg/kg of one of four different G. frondosa polysaccharide mixtures (especially GFPS3 and GFPS4), diabetic rats had enhanced body weight and suppressed plasma glucose, indicating the hypoglycemic activities of the G. frondosa polysaccharides. G. frondosa polysaccharides regulated the level of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, and albuminuria; inhibited the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and TNF-α; and enhanced the serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and interferon-α, confirming their anti-diabetic nephritic activities. G. frondosa polysaccharides ameliorated the pathological alterations in the kidneys of diabetic rats. Moreover, G. frondosa polysaccharides modulated the serum levels of oxidant factors such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species, revealing their antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the administration of G. frondosa polysaccharides inhibited nuclear factor kappa B activities in the serum and kidneys. All of the data revealed that the activation of nuclear factor kappa B plays a central role in G. frondosa polysaccharide-mediated anti-diabetic and anti-nephritic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Kou
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Mingzhao Du
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Peijing Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Baohai Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Mengyuan Shang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
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226
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Harper E, Rochfort KD, Forde H, Davenport C, Smith D, Cummins PM. Activation of the non-canonical NF-κB/p52 pathway in vascular endothelial cells by RANKL elicits pro-calcific signalling in co-cultured smooth muscle cells. Cell Signal 2018; 47:142-150. [PMID: 29678621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intimal endothelium is known to condition the underlying medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) layer of the vessel wall, and is highly responsive to receptor-activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), pro-calcific and anti-calcific agents, respectively. In this paper, we tested the hypothesis that RANKL-induced activation of endothelial NF-κB signalling is essential for pro-calcific activation of the underlying SMCs. METHODS For these studies, human aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cell mono-cultures (HAECs, HASMCs) were treated with RANKL (0-25 ng/ml ± 5 ng/ml TRAIL) for 72 h. Non-contact transwell HAEC:HASMC co-cultures were also employed in which the luminal HAECs were treated with RANKL (± 5 ng/ml TRAIL), followed by analysis of pro-calcific markers in the underlying subluminal HASMCs. RESULTS Treatment of either HAECs or HASMCs with RANKL activated the non-canonical NF-κB/p52 and canonical NF-κB/p65 pathways in both cell types. In RANKL ± TRAIL-treated HAECs, recombinant TRAIL, previously demonstrated by our group to strongly attenuate the pro-calcific signalling effects of RANKL, was shown to specifically block the RANKL-mediated activation of non-canonical NF-κB/p52, clearly pointing to the mechanistic relevance of this specific pathway to RANKL function within endothelial cells. In a final series of HAEC:HASMC transwell co-culture experiments, RANKL treatment of HAECs that had been genetically silenced (via siRNA) for the NF-κB2 gene (the molecular forerunner to NF-κB/p52 generation) exhibited strongly attenuated pro-calcific activation of underlying HASMCs relative to scrambled siRNA controls. SUMMARY These in vitro observations provide valuable mechanistic insights into how RANKL may potentially act upon endothelial cells through activation of the alternative NF-κB pathway to alter endothelial paracrine signalling and elicit pro-calcific responses within underlying vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Harper
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Keith D Rochfort
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Hannah Forde
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Department of Academic Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin Davenport
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Diarmuid Smith
- Department of Academic Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Philip M Cummins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Mohamed MZ, Hafez HM, Zenhom NM, Mohammed HH. Cilostazol alleviates streptozotocin-induced testicular injury in rats via PI3K/Akt pathway. Life Sci 2018; 198:136-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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