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Rose F, Wern JE, Ingvarsson PT, van de Weert M, Andersen P, Follmann F, Foged C. Engineering of a novel adjuvant based on lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles: A quality-by-design approach. J Control Release 2015; 210:48-57. [PMID: 25957906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design a novel and versatile adjuvant intended for mucosal vaccination based on biodegradable poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) modified with the cationic surfactant dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) bromide and the immunopotentiator trehalose-6,6'-dibehenate (TDB) (CAF01) to tailor humoral and cellular immunity characterized by antibodies and Th1/Th17 responses. Such responses are important for the protection against diseases caused by intracellular bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The hybrid NPs were engineered using an oil-in-water single emulsion method and a quality-by-design approach was adopted to define the optimal operating space (OOS). Four critical process parameters (CPPs) were identified, including the acetone concentration in the water phase, the stabilizer [polyvinylalcohol (PVA)] concentration, the lipid-to-total solid ratio, and the total concentration. The CPPs were linked to critical quality attributes consisting of the particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta-potential, thermotropic phase behavior, yield and stability. A central composite face-centered design was performed followed by multiple linear regression analysis. The size, PDI, enthalpy of the phase transition and yield were successfully modeled, whereas the models for the zeta-potential and the stability were poor. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy revealed that the main structural effect on the nanoparticle architecture is caused by the use of PVA, and two different morphologies were identified: i) A PLGA core coated with one or several concentric lipid bilayers, and ii) a PLGA nanoshell encapsulating lipid membrane structures. The optimal formulation, identified from the OOS, was evaluated in vivo. The hybrid NPs induced antibody and Th1/Th17 immune responses that were similar in quality and magnitude to the response induced by DDA/TDB liposomes, showing that the adjuvant properties of DDA/TDB are maintained in the PLGA hybrid matrix. This study demonstrates the complexity of formulation design for the engineering of a hybrid lipid-polymer nanoparticle adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Rose
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Erbo Wern
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Chlamydia Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Pall Thor Ingvarsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marco van de Weert
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Chlamydia Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Frank Follmann
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Chlamydia Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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253
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Weiss RA, Esparza J. The prevention and eradication of smallpox: a commentary on Sloane (1755) 'An account of inoculation'. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20140378. [PMID: 25750241 PMCID: PMC4360126 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sir Hans Sloane's account of inoculation as a means to protect against smallpox followed several earlier articles published in Philosophical Transactions on this procedure. Inoculation (also called 'variolation') involved the introduction of small amounts of infectious material from smallpox vesicles into the skin of healthy subjects, with the goal of inducing mild symptoms that would result in protection against the more severe naturally acquired disease. It began to be practised in England in 1721 thanks to the efforts of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu who influenced Sloane to promote its use, including the inoculation of the royal family's children. When Edward Jenner's inoculation with the cow pox ('vaccination') followed 75 years later as a safer yet equally effective procedure, the scene was set for the eventual control of smallpox epidemics culminating in the worldwide eradication of smallpox in 1977, officially proclaimed by WHO in 1980. Here, we discuss the significance of variolation and vaccination with respect to scientific, public health and ethical controversies concerning these 'weapons of mass protection'. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Weiss
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - José Esparza
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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254
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Hoehn RS, Abbott DE. Beyond the bedside: A review of translational medicine in global health. World J Transl Med 2015; 4:1-10. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v4.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational research is a broad field of medicine with several key phases moving from scientific discovery to bench research and the hospital bedside, followed by evidence-based practice and population-level policy and programming. Understanding these phases is crucial when it comes to preventing and treating illness, especially in global health. Communities around the world struggle with a variety of health problems that are at some times similar and at others quite different. Three major world health issues help to outline the phases of translational research: vaccines, human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and non-communicable diseases. Laboratory research has excelled in many of these areas and is struggling in a few. Where successful therapies have been discovered there are often problems with appropriate use or dissemination to groups in need. Also, many diseases would be better prevented from a population health approach. This review highlights successes and struggles in the arena of global health, from smallpox eradication to the impending epidemic of cardiovascular disease, in an attempt to illustrate of the various phases of translational research.
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255
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Qiao W, Ji S, Zhao Y, Hu T. Conjugation of β-glucan markedly increase the immunogencity of meningococcal group Y polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. Vaccine 2015; 33:2066-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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256
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Bruno L, Cortese M, Rappuoli R, Merola M. Lessons from Reverse Vaccinology for viral vaccine design. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 11:89-97. [PMID: 25829256 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although almost 15 years have passed since the birthdate of Reverse Vaccinology (RV), there are very limited applications of this approach to viral vaccines discovery. Undeniably, RV presents a series of advantages as it can virtually identify all potential antigens coded by a genome, irrespective of their abundance, phase of expression and immunogenicity. Additionally, it can be applied to all pathogens, including those that cannot be grown in vitro. In this review we summarize the few examples of RV application to viruses, in particular the Herpesviridae, and report the advantage and limitations of this approach. Next we focus on the novel approaches and additional technologies to vaccine development including structure based approach (Structural Vaccinology [SV]), synthetic biology and some examples of their application in the development of viral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Marcello Merola
- Novartis Vaccines, Siena, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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257
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Centlivre M, Combadière B. New challenges in modern vaccinology. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:18. [PMID: 25879661 PMCID: PMC4374378 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has been a major advance for health care, allowing eradication or reduction of incidence and mortality of various infectious diseases. However, there are major pathogens, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or the causative agent of malaria, for which classical vaccination approaches have failed, therefore requiring new vaccination strategies. The development of new vaccine strategies relies on the ability to identify the challenges posed by these pathogens. Understanding the pathogenesis and correlates of protection for these diseases, our ability to accurately direct immune responses and to vaccinate specific populations are such examples of these roadblocks. In this respect, the use of a robust, cost-effective and predictive animal model that recapitulates features of both human infection and vaccination is currently a much-needed tool. We discuss here the major limitations faced by modern vaccinology and notably, the development of humanized mice for assessing the immune system, along with their potential as vaccine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Centlivre
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses- Paris, F-75013, Paris, France. .,Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CIMI-Paris, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Béhazine Combadière
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses- Paris, F-75013, Paris, France. .,Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CIMI-Paris, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
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258
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Nakayama Y, Aruga A. Comparison of Current Regulatory Status for Gene-Based Vaccines in the U.S., Europe and Japan. Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 3:186-202. [PMID: 26344953 PMCID: PMC4494244 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines3010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-based vaccines as typified by plasmid DNA vaccines and recombinant viral-vectored vaccines are expected as promising solutions against infectious diseases for which no effective prophylactic vaccines exist such as HIV, dengue virus, Ebola virus and malaria, and for which more improved vaccines are needed such as tuberculosis and influenza virus. Although many preclinical and clinical trials have been conducted to date, no DNA vaccines or recombinant viral-vectored vaccines expressing heterologous antigens for human use have yet been licensed in the U.S., Europe or Japan. In this research, we describe the current regulatory context for gene-based prophylactic vaccines against infectious disease in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. We identify the important considerations, in particular, on the preclinical assessments that would allow these vaccines to proceed to clinical trials, and the differences on the regulatory pathway for the marketing authorization in each region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Nakayama
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Joint Graduate School of Tokyo Women's Medical University and Waseda University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Aruga
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Joint Graduate School of Tokyo Women's Medical University and Waseda University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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259
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Merozoite surface protein 1 recognition of host glycophorin A mediates malaria parasite invasion of red blood cells. Blood 2015; 125:2704-11. [PMID: 25778531 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-11-611707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum invasion of human red blood cells (RBCs) is an intricate process requiring a number of distinct ligand-receptor interactions at the merozoite-erythrocyte interface. Merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), a highly abundant ligand coating the merozoite surface in all species of malaria parasites, is essential for RBC invasion and considered a leading candidate for inclusion in a multiple-subunit vaccine against malaria. Our previous studies identified an interaction between the carboxyl-terminus of MSP1 and RBC band 3. Here, by employing phage display technology, we report a novel interaction between the amino-terminus of MSP1 and RBC glycophorin A (GPA). Mapping of the binding domains established a direct interaction between malaria MSP1 and human GPA within a region of MSP1 known to potently inhibit P falciparum invasion of human RBCs. Furthermore, a genetically modified mouse model lacking the GPA- band 3 complex in RBCs is completely resistant to malaria infection in vivo. These findings suggest an essential role of the MSP1-GPA-band 3 complex during the initial adhesion phase of malaria parasite invasion of RBCs.
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260
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PD-1 deficiency enhances humoral immunity of malaria infection treatment vaccine. Infect Immun 2015; 83:2011-7. [PMID: 25733520 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02621-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria infection treatment vaccine (ITV) is a promising strategy to induce homologous and heterologous protective immunity against the blood stage of the parasite. However, the underlying mechanism of protection remains largely unknown. Here, we found that a malaria-specific antibody (Ab) could mediate the protective immunity of ITV-immunized mice. Interestingly, PD-1 deficiency greatly elevated the levels of both malaria-specific total IgG and subclass IgG2a and enhanced the protective efficacy of ITV-immunized mice against the blood-stage challenge. A serum adoptive-transfer assay demonstrated that the increased Ab level contributed to the enhanced protective efficacy of the immunized PD-1-deficient mice. Further study showed that PD-1 deficiency could also promote the expansion of germinal center (GC) B cells and malaria parasite-specific TFH cells in the spleens of ITV-immunized mice. These results suggest that PD-1 deficiency improves the protective efficacy of ITV-immunized mice by promoting the generation of malaria parasite-specific Ab and the expansion of GC B cells. The results of this study provide new evidence to support the negative function of PD-1 on humoral immunity and will guide the design of a more effective malaria vaccine.
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261
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Nahrendorf W, Spence PJ, Tumwine I, Lévy P, Jarra W, Sauerwein RW, Langhorne J. Blood-stage immunity to Plasmodium chabaudi malaria following chemoprophylaxis and sporozoite immunization. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25714922 PMCID: PMC4371380 DOI: 10.7554/elife.05165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection against malaria in humans can be achieved by repeated exposure to infected mosquito bites during prophylactic chloroquine treatment (chemoprophylaxis and sporozoites (CPS)). We established a new mouse model of CPS immunization to investigate the stage and strain-specificity of malaria immunity. Immunization with Plasmodium chabaudi by mosquito bite under chloroquine cover does not generate pre-erythrocytic immunity, which is acquired only after immunization with high sporozoite doses. Instead, CPS immunization by bite elicits long-lived protection against blood-stage parasites. Blood-stage immunity is effective against a virulent, genetically distinct strain of P. chabaudi. Importantly, if exposure to blood-stage parasitemia is extended, blood-stage parasites induce cross-stage immunity targeting pre-erythrocytic stages. We therefore show that CPS immunization can induce robust, long-lived heterologous blood-stage immunity, in addition to protection against pre-erythrocytic parasites following high dose sporozoite immunization. Cross-stage immunity elicited by blood-stage parasites may further enhance efficacy of this immunization regimen. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05165.001 Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease in humans that is caused by a single-celled parasite called Plasmodium. The parasite is carried between people by mosquitos; when an infected mosquito bites a human, the parasite is injected into the bloodstream with the mosquito's saliva. Plasmodium first infects liver cells but then re-enters the bloodstream, where it infects red blood cells leading to symptoms of disease. If another mosquito bites the infected individual at this so-called ‘blood-stage’, the parasite can be passed to this mosquito and the cycle of transmission continues. Currently there are no vaccines available that can effectively protect against malaria. Although an experimental vaccine containing a weakened form of the parasite can protect against the liver-stage parasites, it fails to prevent the parasite from multiplying in the red blood cells. Therefore, the individuals remain susceptible to severe malaria. Recently, researchers have developed a new strategy for immunization that provides exposure to both liver-stage and blood-stage parasites. Human volunteers taking an anti-malarial drug were deliberately exposed to mosquitos carrying the parasite on three separate occasions. Although the volunteers were infected with the parasite, the anti-malarial drug killed the parasites inside the red blood cells. After the end of the drug treatment, the volunteers were exposed to mosquitos carrying the parasite and they were still protected from infection. These results are promising, but it is not clear if the volunteers have acquired immunity to liver-stage or blood-stage parasites, or even both. To answer this important question, Nahrendorf et al. developed a similar immunization strategy in mice. Just like the human volunteers, the mice were treated with an anti-malarial drug and exposed to mosquitos carrying Plasmodium on three separate occasions. Although the immunizations did not protect the mice against early infection in the liver, they did provide long-term protection against parasites multiplying in the red-blood cells. The immunity generated by this immunization strategy also protected the mice against another strain of Plasmodium, different to the one used in the immunizations. The experiments also show that prolonged exposure to the blood-stage parasites can even lead to immunity against the liver-stage parasites. Nahrendorf et al.'s findings show that this immunization strategy can protect individuals against both the liver-stage and blood-stage parasites. The next challenges are to find out how the immunity generated by one stage of infection can protect against the other stages, and to discover which molecules on the parasite the immune system targets. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05165.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Nahrendorf
- Division of Parasitology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Spence
- Division of Parasitology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Tumwine
- Division of Parasitology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prisca Lévy
- Division of Parasitology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Jarra
- Division of Parasitology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jean Langhorne
- Division of Parasitology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
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262
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Choi JH, Schafer SC, Freiberg AN, Croyle MA. Bolstering Components of the Immune Response Compromised by Prior Exposure to Adenovirus: Guided Formulation Development for a Nasal Ebola Vaccine. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2697-711. [PMID: 25549696 PMCID: PMC4525322 DOI: 10.1021/mp5006454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
severity and longevity of the current Ebola outbreak highlight
the need for a fast-acting yet long-lasting vaccine for at-risk populations
(medical personnel and rural villagers) where repeated prime-boost
regimens are not feasible. While recombinant adenovirus (rAd)-based
vaccines have conferred full protection against multiple strains of
Ebola after a single immunization, their efficacy is impaired by pre-existing
immunity (PEI) to adenovirus. To address this important issue, a panel
of formulations was evaluated by an in vitro assay
for their ability to protect rAd from neutralization. An amphiphilic
polymer (F16, FW ∼39,000) significantly improved transgene
expression in the presence of anti-Ad neutralizing antibodies (NAB)
at concentrations of 5 times the 50% neutralizing dose (ND50). In vivo performance of rAd in F16 was compared
with unformulated virus, virus modified with poly(ethylene) glycol
(PEG), and virus incorporated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) polymeric beads. Histochemical analysis of
lung tissue revealed that F16 promoted strong levels of transgene
expression in naive mice and those that were exposed to adenovirus
in the nasal cavity 28 days prior to immunization. Multiparameter
flow cytometry revealed that F16 induced significantly more polyfunctional
antigen-specific CD8+ T cells simultaneously producing
IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α than other test formulations. These
effects were not compromised by PEI. Data from formulations that provided
partial protection from challenge consistently identified specific
immunological requirements necessary for protection. This approach
may be useful for development of formulations for other vaccine platforms
that also employ ubiquitous pathogens as carriers like the influenza
virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huk Choi
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Stephen C Schafer
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- ‡Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Maria A Croyle
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,§Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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263
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Skrastina D, Petrovskis I, Lieknina I, Bogans J, Renhofa R, Ose V, Dishlers A, Dekhtyar Y, Pumpens P. Silica nanoparticles as the adjuvant for the immunisation of mice using hepatitis B core virus-like particles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114006. [PMID: 25436773 PMCID: PMC4250084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials have facilitated the development of silicon dioxide, or Silica, particles as a promising immunological adjuvant for the generation of novel prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. In the present study, we have compared the adjuvanting potential of commercially available Silica nanoparticles (initial particles size of 10–20 nm) with that of aluminium hydroxide, or Alum, as well as that of complete and incomplete Freund's adjuvants for the immunisation of BALB/c mice with virus-like particles (VLPs) formed by recombinant full-length Hepatitis B virus core (HBc) protein. The induction of B-cell and T-cell responses was studied after immunisation. Silica nanoparticles were able to adsorb maximally 40% of the added HBc, whereas the adsorption capacity of Alum exceeded 90% at the same VLPs/adjuvant ratio. Both Silica and Alum formed large complexes with HBc VLPs that sedimented rapidly after formulation, as detected by dynamic light scattering, spectrophotometry, and electron microscopy. Both Silica and Alum augmented the humoral response against HBc VLPs to the high anti-HBc level in the case of intraperitoneal immunisation, whereas in subcutaneous immunisation, the Silica-adjuvanted anti-HBc level even exceeded the level adjuvanted by Alum. The adjuvanting of HBc VLPs by Silica resulted in the same typical IgG2a/IgG1 ratios as in the case of the adjuvanting by Alum. The combination of Silica with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) led to the same enhancement of the HBc-specific T-cell induction as in the case of the Alum and MPL combination. These findings demonstrate that Silica is not a weaker putative adjuvant than Alum for induction of B-cell and T-cell responses against recombinant HBc VLPs. This finding may have an essential impact on the development of the set of Silica-adjuvanted vaccines based on a long list of HBc-derived virus-like particles as the biological component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dace Skrastina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Ilva Lieknina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Bogans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Regina Renhofa
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Velta Ose
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Yuri Dekhtyar
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanotechnologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Paul Pumpens
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
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Pavot V, Rochereau N, Rességuier J, Gutjahr A, Genin C, Tiraby G, Perouzel E, Lioux T, Vernejoul F, Verrier B, Paul S. Cutting edge: New chimeric NOD2/TLR2 adjuvant drastically increases vaccine immunogenicity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5781-5. [PMID: 25392526 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
TLR ligands are critical activators of innate immunity and are being developed as vaccine adjuvants. However, their usefulness in conjunction with NOD-like receptor agonists remains poorly studied. In this study, we evaluated a new ligand that targets both TLR2 and NOD2 receptors. We assessed its ability to enhance dendritic cell maturation in vitro in addition to improving systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice. The chimeric NOD2/TLR2 ligand induced synergistic upregulation of dendritic cell maturation markers, costimulatory molecules, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines compared with combinations of separate ligands. Furthermore, when coadministered with biodegradable nanoparticles carrying a model Ag, the ligand was able to induce high Ag-specific IgA and IgG titers at both systemic and mucosal sites after parenteral immunizations. These findings point out the potential utility of chimeric molecules TLR/NOD as adjuvants for vaccines to induce systemic and mucosal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pavot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5305, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69007, France; Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France; and
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France; and
| | - Julien Rességuier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5305, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69007, France
| | - Alice Gutjahr
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5305, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69007, France; Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France; and Cayla-InvivoGen, Toulouse F-31000, France
| | - Christian Genin
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Bernard Verrier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5305, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69007, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France; and
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Doolan DL, Apte SH, Proietti C. Genome-based vaccine design: the promise for malaria and other infectious diseases. Int J Parasitol 2014; 44:901-13. [PMID: 25196370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most effective interventions to improve public health, however, the generation of highly effective vaccines for many diseases has remained difficult. Three chronic diseases that characterise these difficulties include malaria, tuberculosis and HIV, and they alone account for half of the global infectious disease burden. The whole organism vaccine approach pioneered by Jenner in 1796 and refined by Pasteur in 1857 with the "isolate, inactivate and inject" paradigm has proved highly successful for many viral and bacterial pathogens causing acute disease but has failed with respect to malaria, tuberculosis and HIV as well as many other diseases. A significant advance of the past decade has been the elucidation of the genomes, proteomes and transcriptomes of many pathogens. This information provides the foundation for new 21st Century approaches to identify target antigens for the development of vaccines, drugs and diagnostic tests. Innovative genome-based vaccine strategies have shown potential for a number of challenging pathogens, including malaria. We advocate that genome-based rational vaccine design will overcome the problem of poorly immunogenic, poorly protective vaccines that has plagued vaccine developers for many years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L Doolan
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Simon H Apte
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Carla Proietti
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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