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Algeri M, Conforti A, Pitisci A, Starc N, Tomao L, Bernardo ME, Locatelli F. Mesenchymal stromal cells and chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:191-200. [PMID: 26170204 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental findings have shown the ability of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to home to damaged tissues and to produce paracrine factors with anti-inflammatory properties, potentially resulting in reduction of inflammation and functional recovery of the damaged tissues. Prompted by these intriguing properties and on the basis of encouraging preclinical data, MSCs are currently being studied in several immune-mediated disorders. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) represent a setting in which MSCs-based therapy has been extensively investigated. Phase I and II studies have documented the safety and feasibility of MSCs. However, efficacy results have so far been conflicting. In this review, we will discuss the biologic rationale that makes MSCs a promising therapeutic tool for IBD, and analyze recent experimental and clinical findings, highlighting current limitations and future perspectives of MSCs-related immunotherapy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Algeri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A Conforti
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A Pitisci
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - N Starc
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - L Tomao
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - M E Bernardo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - F Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy.
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252
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Geng CK, Cao HH, Ying X, Yu HL. Effect of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation combining with hyperbaric oxygen therapy on rehabilitation of rat spinal cord injury. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015. [PMID: 26194832 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of BMSCs transplantation plus hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on repair of rat SCI. METHODS Seventy five male rats were divided randomly into five groups: sham, vehicle, BMSCs transplantation group, combination group, 15 rats in each group. Every week after the SCI onset, all animals were evaluated for behavior outcome by Basso-Beattle-Bresnahan (BBB) score and inclined plane test. Axon recovery was examined with focal spinal cord tissue by electron microscope at 6 weeks after the SCI onset. HE staining and BrdU staining were performed to examine the BMSCs and lesion post injury. Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) testing was performed to detect the recovery of neural conduction. RESULTS Results from the behavior tests from combination group were significant higher than rats which received only transplantation or HBO treatment. Results from histopathology showed favorable recovery from combination group than other treatment groups. The number of BrdU(+) in combination group were measureable more than transplantation group (P < 0.05). The greatest decrease in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-α determined by Elisa assay in combination group were evident too. CONCLUSIONS BMSCs transplantation can promote the functional recovery of rat hind limbs after SCI, and its combination with HBO has a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kui Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, China; Department of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Hong-Hua Cao
- Department of Hematology, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province & The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xiong Ying
- Department of Orthopedics, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Hua-Lin Yu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
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253
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Harris VK, Sadiq SA. Stem cell therapy in multiple sclerosis: a future perspective. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2015; 5:167-70. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.15.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saud A Sadiq
- Tisch MS Research Center of New York, New York, NY 10019, USA
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254
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Cruz FF, Borg ZD, Goodwin M, Sokocevic D, Wagner D, McKenna DH, Rocco PRM, Weiss DJ. Freshly thawed and continuously cultured human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells comparably ameliorate allergic airways inflammation in immunocompetent mice. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:615-24. [PMID: 25925837 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recent data suggest that freshly thawed previously frozen mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may not have the same effectiveness or breadth of anti-inflammatory activities as do continuously cultured MSCs. This has significant implications for clinical use, in which many infusion schemes use frozen cells thawed at the bedside for administration. The available data, however, predominantly evaluate in vitro MSC properties, and so far there has been limited in vivo analysis. To further assess this issue, we compared freshly thawed (thawed) versus continuously cultured (fresh) human bone marrow-derived MSC (hMSC) administration in a mouse model of mixed Th2/Th17 allergic airway inflammation induced by Aspergillus hyphal extract (AHE) exposures in immunocompetent C57Bl/6 mice. Control cell populations included fresh versus thawed murine bone marrow-derived MSCs (mMSCs) and human lung fibroblasts (HLFs). Systemic administration of both thawed and fresh hMSCs and mMSCs, but not HLFs, at the onset of antigen challenge in previously sensitized mice significantly ameliorated the AHE-provoked increases in airway hyper-reactivity, lung inflammation, and antigen-specific CD4 T-cell Th2 and Th17 phenotype. Notably, there was no difference in effects of fresh versus thawed hMSCs or mMSCs on any outcome measured except for some variability in the effects on the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid composition. These results demonstrated potent xenogeneic effects of human MSCs in an immunocompetent mouse model of allergic airways inflammation and that thawed MSCs are as effective as fresh MSCs. The question of fresh versus thawed MSC effectiveness needs to be investigated carefully and may differ in different in vivo disease-specific models. SIGNIFICANCE This study addressed whether freshly thawed mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are as effective in in vivo settings as those that have been continuously cultured. It also provided further data demonstrating that xenogeneic use of MSCs in immunocompetent mice is as effective as murine MSCs. This information provides further support and direction for potential clinical use of MSCs in patients with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda F Cruz
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zachary D Borg
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Meagan Goodwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dino Sokocevic
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Darcy Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David H McKenna
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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255
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Chinnadurai R, Ng S, Velu V, Galipeau J. Challenges in animal modelling of mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:4779-4787. [PMID: 25944991 PMCID: PMC4408450 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i16.4779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Utilization of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for the treatment of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis is of translational interest. Safety of MSC therapy has been well demonstrated in early phase clinical trials but efficacy in randomized clinical trials needs to be demonstrated. Understanding MSC mechanisms of action to reduce gut injury and inflammation is necessary to improve current ongoing and future clinical trials. However, two major hurdles impede the direct translation of data derived from animal experiments to the clinical situation: (1) limitations of the currently available animal models of colitis that reflect human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The etiology and progression of human IBD are multifactorial and hence a challenge to mimic in animal models; and (2) Species specific differences in the functionality of MSCs derived from mice versus humans. MSCs derived from mice and humans are not identical in their mechanisms of action in suppressing inflammation. Thus, preclinical animal studies with murine derived MSCs cannot be considered as an exact replica of human MSC based clinical trials. In the present review, we discuss the therapeutic properties of MSCs in preclinical and clinical studies of IBD. We also discuss the challenges and approaches of using appropriate animal models of colitis, not only to study putative MSC therapeutic efficacy and their mechanisms of action, but also the suitability of translating findings derived from such studies to the clinic.
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256
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Chinnadurai R, Copland IB, Ng S, Garcia M, Prasad M, Arafat D, Gibson G, Kugathasan S, Galipeau J. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived From Crohn's Patients Deploy Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated Immune Suppression, Independent of Autophagy. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1248-1261. [PMID: 25899824 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for adoptive cell therapy of luminal Crohn's disease (CD) are being tested in clinical trials. However, CD is associated with dysregulation of autophagy and its effect on MSC's immunobiology is unknown. Here, we demonstrate no quantitative difference in phenotype, in vitro growth kinetics and molecular signatures to IFNγ between MSCs derived from CD and healthy individuals. CD MSCs were indistinguishable from those derived from healthy controls at inhibiting T-cell proliferation through an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-dependent mechanism. Upon IFNγ prelicensing, both MSC populations inhibit T-cell effector functions. Neither a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7820268 in the IDO gene, nor a widely reported CD predisposing SNP ATG16L1rs2241880 modulated the suppressive function of MSCs carrying these haplotypes. IFNγ stimulation or coculture with activated T cells upregulated the expression of autophagy genes and/or vacuoles on MSCs. Pharmacological blockade of autophagy pathway did not reverse the immunosuppressive properties and IFNγ responsiveness of MSCs confirming the absence of a functional link between these two cell biochemical properties. We conclude that autophagy, but not IDO and IFNγ responsiveness, is dispensable for MSC's immunosuppressive properties. MSCs from CD subjects are functionally analogous to those of healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ian B Copland
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Spencer Ng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Mahadev Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dalia Arafat
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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257
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Heathman TRJ, Glyn VAM, Picken A, Rafiq QA, Coopman K, Nienow AW, Kara B, Hewitt CJ. Expansion, harvest and cryopreservation of human mesenchymal stem cells in a serum-free microcarrier process. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1696-707. [PMID: 25727395 PMCID: PMC5029583 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) therapies are currently progressing through clinical development, driving the need for consistent, and cost effective manufacturing processes to meet the lot‐sizes required for commercial production. The use of animal‐derived serum is common in hMSC culture but has many drawbacks such as limited supply, lot‐to‐lot variability, increased regulatory burden, possibility of pathogen transmission, and reduced scope for process optimization. These constraints may impact the development of a consistent large‐scale process and therefore must be addressed. The aim of this work was therefore to run a pilot study in the systematic development of serum‐free hMSC manufacturing process. Human bone‐marrow derived hMSCs were expanded on fibronectin‐coated, non‐porous plastic microcarriers in 100 mL stirred spinner flasks at a density of 3 × 105 cells.mL−1 in serum‐free medium. The hMSCs were successfully harvested by our recently‐developed technique using animal‐free enzymatic cell detachment accompanied by agitation followed by filtration to separate the hMSCs from microcarriers, with a post‐harvest viability of 99.63 ± 0.03%. The hMSCs were found to be in accordance with the ISCT characterization criteria and maintained hMSC outgrowth and colony‐forming potential. The hMSCs were held in suspension post‐harvest to simulate a typical pooling time for a scaled expansion process and cryopreserved in a serum‐free vehicle solution using a controlled‐rate freezing process. Post‐thaw viability was 75.8 ± 1.4% with a similar 3 h attachment efficiency also observed, indicating successful hMSC recovery, and attachment. This approach therefore demonstrates that once an hMSC line and appropriate medium have been selected for production, multiple unit operations can be integrated to generate an animal component‐free hMSC production process from expansion through to cryopreservation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1696–1707. © 2015 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R J Heathman
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Veronica A M Glyn
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Andrew Picken
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Qasim A Rafiq
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.,Aston Medical Research Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET
| | - Karen Coopman
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Alvin W Nienow
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.,Centre for Bioprocess Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Bo Kara
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Billingham, TS23 1LH, UK
| | - Christopher J Hewitt
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.,Aston Medical Research Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET
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258
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Song K, Yan X, Zhang Y, Song F, Lim M, Fang M, Shi F, Wang L, Liu T. Numberical simulation of fluid flow and three-dimensional expansion of tissue engineering seed cells in large scale inside a novel rotating wall hollow fiber membrane bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1527-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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259
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Moll G, Le Blanc K. Engineering more efficient multipotent mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells for systemic delivery as cellular therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Moll
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Hematology and Regenerative Medicine Centre at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge; Stockholm Sweden
| | - K. Le Blanc
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Hematology and Regenerative Medicine Centre at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge; Stockholm Sweden
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260
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Otsuru S, Hofmann TJ, Raman P, Olson TS, Guess AJ, Dominici M, Horwitz EM. Genomic and functional comparison of mesenchymal stromal cells prepared using two isolation methods. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:262-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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261
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Liu WH, Song FQ, Ren LN, Guo WQ, Wang T, Feng YX, Tang LJ, Li K. The multiple functional roles of mesenchymal stem cells in participating in treating liver diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:511-20. [PMID: 25534251 PMCID: PMC4369809 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of stem cells derived from the mesodermal mesenchyme. MSCs can be obtained from a variety of tissues, including bone marrow, umbilical cord tissue, umbilical cord blood, peripheral blood and adipose tissue. Under certain conditions, MSCs can differentiate into many cell types both in vitro and in vivo, including hepatocytes. To date, four main strategies have been developed to induce the transdifferentiation of MSCs into hepatocytes: addition of chemical compounds and cytokines, genetic modification, adjustment of the micro-environment and alteration of the physical parameters used for culturing MSCs. Although the phenomenon of transdifferentiation of MSCs into hepatocytes has been described, the detailed mechanism is far from clear. Generally, the mechanism is a cascade reaction whereby stimulating factors activate cellular signalling pathways, which in turn promote the production of transcription factors, leading to hepatic gene expression. Because MSCs can give rise to hepatocytes, they are promising to be used as a new treatment for liver dysfunction or as a bridge to liver transplantation. Numerous studies have confirmed the therapeutic effects of MSCs on hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and other liver diseases, which may be related to the differentiation of MSCs into functional hepatocytes. In addition to transdifferentiation into hepatocytes, when MSCs are used to treat liver disease, they may also inhibit hepatocellular apoptosis and secrete various bioactive molecules to promote liver regeneration. In this review, the capacity and molecular mechanism of MSC transdifferentiation, and the therapeutic effects of MSCs on liver diseases are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-hui Liu
- General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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262
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Immunosuppressive capabilities of mesenchymal stromal cells are maintained under hypoxic growth conditions and after gamma irradiation. Cytotherapy 2014; 17:152-62. [PMID: 25453724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The discovery of regenerative and immunosuppressive capacities of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) raises hope for patients with tissue-damaging or severe, treatment-refractory autoimmune disorders. We previously presented a method to expand human MSCs in a bioreactor under standardized Good Manufacturing Practice conditions. Now we characterized the impact of critical treatment conditions on MSCs with respect to immunosuppressive capabilities and proliferation. METHODS MSC proliferation and survival after γ irradiation were determined by 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester and annexinV/4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, respectively. T-cell proliferation assays were used to assess the effect of γ irradiation, passaging, cryopreservation, post-thaw equilibration time and hypoxia on T-cell suppressive capacities of MSCs. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and β-galactosidase staining served as tools to investigate differences between immunosuppressive and non-immunosuppressive MSCs. RESULTS γ irradiation of MSCs abrogated their proliferation while vitality and T-cell inhibitory capacity were preserved. Passaging and long cryopreservation time decreased the T-cell suppressive function of MSCs, and postthaw equilibration time of 5 days restored this capability. Hypoxic culture markedly increased MSC proliferation without affecting their T-cell-suppressive capacity and phenotype. Furthermore, T-cell suppressive MSCs showed higher CXCL12 expression and less β-galactosidase staining than non-suppressive MSCs. DISCUSSION We demonstrate that γ irradiation is an effective strategy to abrogate MSC proliferation without impairing the cells' immunosuppressive function. Hypoxia significantly enhanced MSC expansion, allowing for transplantation of MSCs with low passage number. In summary, our optimized MSC expansion protocol successfully addressed the issues of safety and preservation of immunosuppressive MSC function after ex vivo expansion for therapeutic purposes.
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263
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Pollock K, Sumstad D, Kadidlo D, McKenna DH, Hubel A. Clinical mesenchymal stromal cell products undergo functional changes in response to freezing. Cytotherapy 2014; 17:38-45. [PMID: 25457275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Current methods of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) cryopreservation result in variable post-thaw recovery and phenotypic changes caused by freezing. The objective of this investigation was to determine the influence of ex vivo cell expansion on phenotype of MSCs and the response of resulting phenotypes to freezing and thawing. METHODS Human bone marrow aspirate was used. MSCs were isolated and cells were assessed for total count, viability, apoptosis and senescence over 6 passages (8-10 doublings/passage) in ex vivo culture. One half of cells harvested at each passage were re-plated for continued culture and the other half were frozen at 1°C/min in a controlled-rate freezer. Frozen samples were stored in liquid nitrogen, thawed and reassessed for total cell count, viability and senescence immediately and 48 h after thaw. RESULTS Viability did not differ significantly between samples before freeze or after thaw. Senescence increased over time in pre-freeze culture and was significantly higher in one sample that had growth arrest both before freeze and after thaw. Freezing resulted in similar initial post-thaw recovery in all samples, but 48-h post-thaw growth arrest was observed in the sample with high senescence only. CONCLUSIONS High pre-freeze senescence appears to correlate with poor post-thaw function in MSC samples, but additional studies are necessary to obtain a sample sizes large enough to quantify results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Pollock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Darin Sumstad
- Molecular and Cellular Therapy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Diane Kadidlo
- Molecular and Cellular Therapy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David H McKenna
- Molecular and Cellular Therapy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Allison Hubel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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264
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Chinnadurai R, Galipeau J. Defining mesenchymal stromal cells responsiveness to IFN^|^gamma; as a surrogate measure of suppressive potency. Inflamm Regen 2014. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.34.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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