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Kolopp-Sarda MN, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Gobert B, Kanny G, Guerin L, Faure GC, Béné MC. Polyisotypic antipeanut-specific humoral responses in peanut-allergic individuals. Clin Exp Allergy 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.733lca1804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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252
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Kolopp-Sarda MN, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Gobert B, Kanny G, Guerin L, Faure GC, Bene MC. Polyisotypic antipeanut-specific humoral responses in peanut-allergic individuals. Clin Exp Allergy 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.733/ca1804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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253
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Sánchez-Monge R, Pascual CY, Díaz-Perales A, Fernández-Crespo J, Martín-Esteban M, Salcedo G. Isolation and characterization of relevant allergens from boiled lentils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106:955-61. [PMID: 11080720 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lentils seem to be the most common legume implicated in pediatric allergic patients in the Mediterranean area. However, no lentil allergen has been isolated and characterized. OBJECTIVE We sought to purify and characterize relevant IgE-binding proteins from boiled lentil extracts. METHODS IgE-binding proteins from crude and boiled lentil extracts were detected with a pool of sera from patients with lentil allergy. Allergens were isolated by gel-filtration chromatography followed by cation- and anion-exchange chromatography or by reverse-phase HPLC. Their characterization included N-terminal amino acid sequencing, complex asparagine-linked glycan detection, specific IgE immunodetection with 22 individual sera from allergic patients, and immunoblot and CAP inhibition assays. RESULTS Heat treatment of lentils produced substantial changes in the SDS-PAGE patterns of whole extracts, mainly a strong increase of 12- to 16-kd bands and a decrease of 25- to 45-kd components. Major IgE-binding proteins from the boiled lentil extract were located in the 12- to 16-kd and 45- to 70-kd ranges. Two allergens of 16 kd, proteins L1 and L2, and another one of 12 kd, protein L3, were purified. N-terminal sequencing indicated that all 3 were related and allowed their identification as gamma-vicilin subunits. Protein L1 was recognized by 68% of the individual sera tested and inhibited 64% of the IgE binding by commercial lentil CAPs. A second type of allergen of 66 kd, named protein H, was also isolated and identified as a seed-specific biotinylated protein. Protein H reacted with 41% of the individual sera and produced 45% inhibition in CAP inhibition assays. CONCLUSIONS Two different types of allergens have been identified in boiled lentils. Those of 12 to 16 kd, called Len c 1, correspond to gamma-vicilin subunits, and those of 66 kd, designated Len c 2, correspond to seed-specific biotinylated protein. Homology with proteins from other legume species can explain potential cross-reactions among these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sánchez-Monge
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biotecnología, E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos, Madrid, Spain
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254
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Maleki SJ, Chung SY, Champagne ET, Raufman JP. The effects of roasting on the allergenic properties of peanut proteins. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106:763-8. [PMID: 11031348 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.109620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the widespread use of peanut products, peanut allergenicity is a major health concern in the United States. The effect or effects of thermal processing (roasting) on the allergenic properties of peanut proteins have rarely been addressed. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the biochemical effects of roasting on the allergenic properties of peanut proteins. METHODS Competitive inhibition ELISA was used to compare the IgE-binding properties of roasted and raw peanut extracts. A well-characterized in vitro model was used to test whether the Maillard reaction contributes to the allergenic properties of peanut proteins. The allergic properties were measured by using ELISA, digestion by gastric secretions, and stability of the proteins to heat and degradation. RESULTS Here we report that roasted peanuts from two different sources bound IgE from patients with peanut allergy at approximately 90-fold higher levels than the raw peanuts from the same peanut cultivars. The purified major allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 were subjected to the Maillard reaction in vitro and compared with corresponding unreacted samples for allergenic properties. Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 bound higher levels of IgE and were more resistant to heat and digestion by gastrointestinal enzymes once they had undergone the Maillard reaction. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here indicate that thermal processing may play an important role in enhancing the allergenic properties of peanuts and that the protein modifications made by the Maillard reaction contribute to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Maleki
- USDA-ARS-Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
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255
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Li XM, Serebrisky D, Lee SY, Huang CK, Bardina L, Schofield BH, Stanley JS, Burks AW, Bannon GA, Sampson HA. A murine model of peanut anaphylaxis: T- and B-cell responses to a major peanut allergen mimic human responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106:150-8. [PMID: 10887318 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.107395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut allergy affects 0.6% of the US population. At the present time, allergen avoidance is the only therapeutic option. Animal models of food-induced anaphylaxis would facilitate attempts to design novel immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of peanut allergy. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a murine model of IgE-mediated peanut hypersensitivity that closely mimics human peanut allergy. METHODS C3H/HeJ mice sensitized orally with freshly ground whole peanut and cholera toxin as adjuvant were challenged orally 3 and 5 weeks later with crude peanut extract. Anaphylactic reactions were determined. T- and B-cell responses to Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, the major peanut allergens, were characterized by evaluating splenocyte proliferative responses and IgE antibody concentrations. Furthermore, IgE antibodies in the sera of patients with peanut allergy and mice were compared for antibody binding to Ara h 2 isoforms and allergenic epitopes. RESULTS Peanut-specific IgE was induced by oral peanut sensitization, and hypersensitivity reactions were provoked by feeding peanut to sensitized mice. The symptoms were similar to those seen in human subjects. Ara h 1- and Ara h 2-specific antibodies were present in the sera of mice with peanut allergy. Furthermore, these Ara h 2-specific IgE antibodies bound the same Ara h 2 isoforms and major allergenic epitopes as antibodies in the sera of human subjects with peanut allergy. Splenocytes from mice with peanut allergy exhibited proliferative responses to Ara h 1 and Ara h 2. CONCLUSION This murine model of peanut allergy mimics the clinical and immunologic characteristics of peanut allergy in human subjects and should be a useful tool for developing immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of peanut allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
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256
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Breiteneder H, Ebner C. Molecular and biochemical classification of plant-derived food allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106:27-36. [PMID: 10887301 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular biology and biochemical techniques have significantly advanced the knowledge of allergens derived from plant foods. Surprisingly, many of the known plant food allergens are homologous to pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs), proteins that are induced by pathogens, wounding, or certain environmental stresses. PRs have been classified into 14 families. Examples of allergens homologous to PRs include chitinases (PR-3 family) from avocado, banana, and chestnut; antifungal proteins such as the thaumatin-like proteins (PR-5) from cherry and apple; proteins homologous to the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 (PR-10) from vegetables and fruits; and lipid transfer proteins (PR-14) from fruits and cereals. Allergens other than PR homologs can be allotted to other well-known protein families such as inhibitors of alpha-amylases and trypsin from cereal seeds, profilins from fruits and vegetables, seed storage proteins from nuts and mustard seeds, and proteases from fruits. As more clinical data and structural information on allergenic molecules becomes available, we may finally be able to answer what characteristics of a molecule are responsible for its allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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257
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Helm RM, Cockrell G, Connaughton C, West CM, Herman E, Sampson HA, Bannon GA, Burks AW. Mutational analysis of the IgE-binding epitopes of P34/Gly m Bd 30K. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 105:378-84. [PMID: 10669862 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(00)90091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanuts and soybeans are 2 foods that have been shown to be responsible for many atopic disorders. Because of their nutritional benefit, soybean proteins are now being used increasingly in a number of food products. Previous studies have documented multiple allergens in soybean extracts, including glycinin, beta-conglycinin, and the P34/Gly m Bd 30K protein. OBJECTIVE Our overall goal was to identify soybean-specific allergens to begin to understand molecular and immunochemical characteristics of legume proteins. The specific aim of the current investigation was to identify the essential amino acid residues necessary for IgE binding in the 5 distinct immunodominant epitopes of P34/Gly m Bd 30K. METHODS Serum IgE from 6 clinically sensitive soybean-allergic individuals was used to identify P34/Gly m Bd 30K in the native and single amino acid substituted peptides with use of the SPOTS peptide synthesis technique to determine critical amino acids required for IgE binding. RESULTS The intensity of IgE binding and epitope recognition by serum IgE from the individuals varied substantially. With use of serum from 6 clinically soybean-sensitive individuals, 2 of the 5 immunodominant epitopes could be mutagenized to non-IgE binding peptides. CONCLUSIONS Single-site amino acid substitution of the 5 immunodominant epitopes of Gly m Bd 30K with alanine revealed that IgE binding could be reduced or eliminated in epitopes 6 and 16 in the serum obtained from 6 soybean-sensitive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Helm
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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258
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Stanley
- Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205, USA
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259
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Lehrer SB, Wild LG, Bost KL, Sorensen RU. Immunotherapy for food allergies. Past, present, future. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 1999; 17:361-81. [PMID: 10597372 DOI: 10.1007/bf02737616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S B Lehrer
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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260
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Moneret-Vautrin DA, Guérin L, Kanny G, Flabbee J, Frémont S, Morisset M. Cross-allergenicity of peanut and lupine: the risk of lupine allergy in patients allergic to peanuts. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104:883-8. [PMID: 10518837 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut allergy is common, but cross-allergy between legumes is rare. Proteins from Lupinus albus are increasingly eaten in the form of seeds or additives to wheat flour. The risk of cross-allergenicity is still insufficiently known. OBJECTIVE We sought to study the risk of cross-allergy to lupine in patients allergic to peanut and to study lupine allergenicity. METHODS Twenty-four patients allergic to peanuts were studied by means of skin prick tests with native lupine flour from Lupinus albus. Double-blind oral challenge tests were performed with lupine flour and peanut in 8 of these patients. Specific IgEs were assayed for peanut, lupine flour, and pollen in 6 sera. RAST inhibition tests for lupine pollen by peanut were performed on 4 of these sera. Peanut and lupine flour immunoblots were carried out for 6 sera, and crossed immunoblot inhibitions for peanut by lupine flour and lupine flour by peanut were carried out for 2 sera. RESULTS The skin prick test responses with lupine flour were positive in 11 (44%) subjects. The challenge test responses were positive in 7 of 8 subjects at the same doses as with peanut. The major lupine flour allergen (molecular mass, 43 kd) is present in peanuts. The RAST inhibition and immunoblot tests indicated cross-reactivity of peanut with the lupine flour and pollen. CONCLUSIONS The risk of crossed peanut-lupine allergy is high, contrary to the risk with other legumes. The inclusion of 10% lupine flour in wheat flour without mandatory labeling makes lupine a hidden allergen, presenting a major risk of cross-reaction in subjects already allergic to peanut products. A high sensitizing potential can also be postulated for this legume.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Moneret-Vautrin
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Hôpital Central, Nancy, France
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261
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Abstract
This article reviews information on the topics of asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and upper respiratory infections. The asthma section includes a review of inhaled steroids and their potential side effects. New findings on the pathogenesis, triggers, and therapies of atopic dermatitis and new insights into food hypersensitivity reactions are presented. Recent publications in the areas of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and upper respiratory infections are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Schneider
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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262
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263
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Lehrer SB, Wild LG, Bost KL, Sorensen RU. IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR FOOD HYPERSENSITIVITY. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8561(05)70108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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264
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Abstract
Patients with food-induced allergic disorders may be first seen with a variety of symptoms affecting the skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and/or cardiovascular system. The skin and respiratory tract are most often affected by IgE-mediated food-induced allergic reactions, whereas isolated gastrointestinal disorders are most often caused by non-IgE-mediated reactions. When evaluating possible food-induced allergic disorders, it is often useful to categorize disorders into IgE- and non-IgE-mediated syndromes. The initial history and physical examination are essentially identical for IgE- and non-IgE-mediated disorders, but the subsequent evaluation differs substantially. Proper diagnoses often require screening tests for evidence of food-specific IgE and proof of reactivity through elimination diets and oral food challenges. Once properly diagnosed, strict avoidance of the implicated food or foods is the only proven form of treatment. Clinical tolerance to food allergens will develop in many patients over time, and therefore follow-up food challenges are often indicated. However, a number of novel immunomodulatory strategies are in the developmental stage and should provide more definitive treatment for some of these food-induced allergic disorders in the next several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Sampson
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
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266
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Li XM, Huang CK, Schofield BH, Burks AW, Bannon GA, Kim KH, Huang SK, Sampson HA. Strain-Dependent Induction of Allergic Sensitization Caused by Peanut Allergen DNA Immunization in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.5.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
To investigate the potential application of allergen gene immunization in the modulation of food allergy, C3H/HeSn (C3H) mice received i.m. injections of pAra h2 plasmid DNA encoding one of the major peanut allergens, Ara h2. Three weeks following pDNA immunization, serum Ara h2-specific IgG2a, IgG1, but not IgE, were increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. IgG1 was 30-fold higher in multiply compared with singly immunized mice. Ara h2 or peanut protein injection of immunized mice induced anaphylactic reactions, which were more severe in multiply immunized mice. Heat-inactivated immune serum induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, suggesting that anaphylaxis in C3H mice was mediated by IgG1. IgG1 responses were also induced by intradermal injection of pAra h2, and by i.m. injection of pOMC, the plasmid DNA encoding the major egg allergen protein, ovomucoid. To elucidate whether the pDNA immunization-induced anaphylaxis was a strain-dependent phenomenon, AKR/J and BALB/c mice also received multiple i.m. pAra h2 immunizations. Injection of peanut protein into these strains at weeks 3 or 5 following immunization did not induce reactions. Although IgG2a was increased significantly from week 2 in AKR/J mice and from week 4 in BALB/c mice and remained elevated for at least 6 wk, no IgG1 or IgE was detected. These results indicate that the type of immune responses to pDNA immunization in mice is strain dependent. Consequently, models for studying human allergen gene immunization require careful selection of suitable strains. In addition, this suggests that similar interindividual variation is likely in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-min Li
- *Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Chih-Kang Huang
- *Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Brian H. Schofield
- †Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - A. Wesley Burks
- ‡Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas School of Medicine, Little Rock, AR 72205; and
| | - Gary A. Bannon
- ‡Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas School of Medicine, Little Rock, AR 72205; and
| | - Kawn-Hyoung Kim
- §Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- §Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Hugh A. Sampson
- *Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
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267
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Rabjohn P, Helm EM, Stanley JS, West CM, Sampson HA, Burks AW, Bannon GA. Molecular cloning and epitope analysis of the peanut allergen Ara h 3. J Clin Invest 1999; 103:535-42. [PMID: 10021462 PMCID: PMC408104 DOI: 10.1172/jci5349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/1998] [Accepted: 01/01/1999] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut allergy is a significant IgE-mediated health problem because of the increased prevalence, potential severity, and chronicity of the reaction. Following our characterization of the two peanut allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, we have isolated a cDNA clone encoding a third peanut allergen, Ara h 3. The deduced amino acid sequence of Ara h 3 shows homology to 11S seed-storage proteins. The recombinant form of this protein was expressed in a bacterial system and was recognized by serum IgE from approximately 45% of our peanut-allergic patient population. Serum IgE from these patients and overlapping, synthetic peptides were used to map the linear, IgE-binding epitopes of Ara h 3. Four epitopes, between 10 and 15 amino acids in length, were found within the primary sequence, with no obvious sequence motif shared by the peptides. One epitope is recognized by all Ara h 3-allergic patients. Mutational analysis of the epitopes revealed that single amino acid changes within these peptides could lead to a reduction or loss of IgE binding. By determining which amino acids are critical for IgE binding, it might be possible to alter the Ara h 3 cDNA to encode a protein with a reduced IgE-binding capacity. These results will enable the design of improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for food-hypersensitivity reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rabjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock 72205, USA
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268
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Kaminogawa S, Hachimura S, Nakajima-Adachi H, Totsuka M. Food allergens and mucosal immune systems with special reference to recognition of food allergens by gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Allergol Int 1999. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1592.1999.00112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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269
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Sampson
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6547, USA
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270
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Affiliation(s)
- W Burks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, USA
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271
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Shin DS, Compadre CM, Maleki SJ, Kopper RA, Sampson H, Huang SK, Burks AW, Bannon GA. Biochemical and structural analysis of the IgE binding sites on ara h1, an abundant and highly allergenic peanut protein. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:13753-9. [PMID: 9593717 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.22.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy to peanut is a significant IgE-mediated health problem because of the high prevalence, potential severity, and chronicity of the reaction. Ara h1, an abundant peanut protein, is recognized by serum IgE from >90% of peanut-sensitive individuals. It has been shown to belong to the vicilin family of seed storage proteins and to contain 23 linear IgE binding epitopes. In this communication, we have determined the critical amino acids within each of the IgE binding epitopes of Ara h1 that are important for immunoglobulin binding. Surprisingly, substitution of a single amino acid within each of the epitopes led to loss of IgE binding. In addition, hydrophobic residues appeared to be most critical for IgE binding. The position of each of the IgE binding epitopes on a homology-based molecular model of Ara h1 showed that they were clustered into two main regions, despite their more even distribution in the primary sequence. Finally, we have shown that Ara h1 forms a stable trimer by the use of a reproducible fluorescence assay. This information will be important in studies designed to reduce the risk of peanut-induced anaphylaxis by lowering the IgE binding capacity of the allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Shin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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