251
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Kwakwa KA, Vanderburgh JP, Guelcher SA, Sterling JA. Engineering 3D Models of Tumors and Bone to Understand Tumor-Induced Bone Disease and Improve Treatments. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2017; 15:247-254. [PMID: 28646444 PMCID: PMC5960271 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-017-0385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone is a structurally unique microenvironment that presents many challenges for the development of 3D models for studying bone physiology and diseases, including cancer. As researchers continue to investigate the interactions within the bone microenvironment, the development of 3D models of bone has become critical. RECENT FINDINGS 3D models have been developed that replicate some properties of bone, but have not fully reproduced the complex structural and cellular composition of the bone microenvironment. This review will discuss 3D models including polyurethane, silk, and collagen scaffolds that have been developed to study tumor-induced bone disease. In addition, we discuss 3D printing techniques used to better replicate the structure of bone. 3D models that better replicate the bone microenvironment will help researchers better understand the dynamic interactions between tumors and the bone microenvironment, ultimately leading to better models for testing therapeutics and predicting patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Kwakwa
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave, 1235 MRBIV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Joseph P Vanderburgh
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave, 1235 MRBIV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Scott A Guelcher
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave, 1235 MRBIV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Julie A Sterling
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave, 1235 MRBIV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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252
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Xue X, Li J, Wan W, Shi X, Zheng Y. Kindlin-2 could influence breast nodule elasticity and improve lymph node metastasis in invasive breast cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6753. [PMID: 28755003 PMCID: PMC5533728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between quantitative parameters of shear wave elastography (SWE, maximum elasticity [Emax], minimum elasticity [Emin], mean elasticity [Emean]), collagen intensity and Kindlin-2 expression in benign and malignant breast nodules, and if Kindlin-2 expression is related with lymph node metastasis. A total of 102 breast nodules from 102 patients were included in our study who underwent ultrasound elastography before surgery or core needle biopsy. There was a significant difference between benign and malignant breast nodules in Emax, Emean, collagen intensity and Kindlin-2 expression, but it had no difference in Emin. Collagen intensity and Kindlin-2 expression both correlated positively with Emax, but not with Emean. Among 38 malignant breast nodules, the average Emax of the metastasis group was higher than that of the non-metastasis group, but it had no statistical significance. Compared with the non-metastasis group, Kindlin-2 expression was considerably higher in the metastasis group. However, there was no difference in collagen intensity between the metastasis group and the non-metastasis group. In conclusion, Kindlin-2 and collagen might contribute to breast nodule elasticity through molecular mechanisms. In breast cancer, overexpression of Kindlin-2 might be a risk factor for lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xue
- Department of Ultrasound, The Southern Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Junlai Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Southern Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Wenbo Wan
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xianquan Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yiqiong Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
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253
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Ray A, Slama ZM, Morford RK, Madden SA, Provenzano PP. Enhanced Directional Migration of Cancer Stem Cells in 3D Aligned Collagen Matrices. Biophys J 2017; 112:1023-1036. [PMID: 28297639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed cell migration by contact guidance in aligned collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical enabler of breast cancer dissemination. The mechanisms of this process are poorly understood, particularly in 3D, in part because of the lack of efficient methods to generate aligned collagen matrices. To address this technological gap, we propose a simple method to align collagen gels using guided cellular compaction. Our method yields highly aligned, acellular collagen constructs with predictable microstructural features, thus providing a controlled microenvironment for in vitro experiments. Quantifying cell behavior in these anisotropic constructs, we find that breast carcinoma cells are acutely sensitive to the direction and extent of collagen alignment. Further, live cell imaging and analysis of 3D cell migration reveals that alignment of collagen does not alter the total motility of breast cancer cells, but simply redirects their migration to produce largely one-dimensional movement. However, a profoundly enhanced motility in aligned collagen matrices is observed for the subpopulation of carcinoma cells with high tumor initiating and metastatic capacity, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). Analysis of the biophysical determinants of cell migration show that nuclear deformation is not a critical factor associated with the observed increases in motility for CSCs. Rather, smaller cell size, a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, and increased protrusive activity emerge as vital facilitators of rapid, contact-guided migration of CSCs in aligned 3D collagen matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja Ray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Zachary M Slama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rachel K Morford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Samantha A Madden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paolo P Provenzano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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254
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Wegner KA, Keikhosravi A, Eliceiri KW, Vezina CM. Fluorescence of Picrosirius Red Multiplexed With Immunohistochemistry for the Quantitative Assessment of Collagen in Tissue Sections. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 65:479-490. [PMID: 28692327 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417718541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The low cost and simplicity of picrosirius red (PSR) staining have driven its popularity for collagen detection in tissue sections. We extended the versatility of this method by using fluorescent imaging to detect the PSR signal and applying automated quantification tools. We also developed the first PSR protocol that is fully compatible with multiplex immunostaining, making it possible to test whether collagen structure differs across immunohistochemically labeled regions of the tissue landscape. We compared our imaging method with two gold standards in collagen imaging, linear polarized light microscopy and second harmonic generation imaging, and found that it is at least as sensitive and robust to changes in sample orientation. As proof of principle, we used a genetic approach to overexpress beta catenin in a patchy subset of mouse prostate epithelial cells distinguished only by immunolabeling. We showed that collagen fiber length is significantly greater near beta catenin overexpressing cells than near control cells. Our fluorescent PSR imaging method is sensitive, reproducible, and offers a new way to guide region of interest selection for quantifying collagen in tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Wegner
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (KAW).,George M. O'Brien Research Center of Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (KAW, CMV, KWE)
| | - Adib Keikhosravi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (AK, KWE), Madison, Wisconsin.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (AK, KWE), Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (AK, KWE), Madison, Wisconsin.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (AK, KWE), Madison, Wisconsin.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin (KWE).,Comprehensive Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (KWE).,George M. O'Brien Research Center of Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (KAW, CMV, KWE)
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences (CMV), Madison, Wisconsin.,George M. O'Brien Research Center of Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (KAW, CMV, KWE)
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255
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Matrix stiffness induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e352. [PMID: 28671675 PMCID: PMC5541706 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased matrix rigidity associated with the fibrotic reaction is documented to stimulate intracellular signalling pathways that promote cancer cell survival and tumour growth. Pancreatic cancer is one of the stiffest of all human solid carcinomas and is characterised by a remarkable desmoplastic reaction. Here we use mouse models, genetically engineered to recapitulate human pancreatic cancer, and several pancreatic cancer cell lines as a model to investigate the effect of matrix stiffness in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and resistance to chemotherapeutics. We found that recapitulation of the fibrotic rigidities found in pancreatic cancer tissues promote elements of EMT, including increases in vimentin expression, decreases in E-cadherin expression, nuclear localisation of β-catenin, YAP and TAZ and changes in cell shape towards a mesenchymal phenotype. We also report that stiffness induces chemoresistance to paclitaxel, but not to gemcitabine, both commonly used therapeutics, suggesting that environmental rigidity underlies an aspect of chemoresistance.
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256
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Thomas DG, Robinson DN. The fifth sense: Mechanosensory regulation of alpha-actinin-4 and its relevance for cancer metastasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 71:68-74. [PMID: 28579451 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer cells invading through dense tumor stroma experience internal and external forces that are sensed through a variety of mechanosensory proteins that drive adaptations for specific environments. Alpha-actinin-4 (ACTN4) is a member of the α-actinin family of actin crosslinking proteins that is upregulated in several types of cancers. It shares 86% protein similarity with α-actinin-1, another non-muscle ACTN isoform, which appears to have a more modest role, if any, in cancer progression. While they share regulatory mechanisms, such as phosphorylation, calcium binding, phosphatidyl inositol binding, and calpain cleavage, α-actinin-4 exhibits a unique mechanosensory regulation that α-actinin-1 does not. This behavior is mediated, at least in part, by each protein's actin-binding affinity as well as the catch-slip-bond behavior of the actin binding domains. We will discuss currently known modes of ACTN4 regulation, their interactions, and how mechanosensation may provide major therapeutic targeting potential for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin G Thomas
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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257
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Lee JY, Chaudhuri O. Regulation of Breast Cancer Progression by Extracellular Matrix Mechanics: Insights from 3D Culture Models. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:302-313. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Y. Lee
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Stanford University, 452 Escondido Mall, Building 520,
Room 226, Stanford, California 94305-4038, United States
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Stanford University, 452 Escondido Mall, Building 520,
Room 226, Stanford, California 94305-4038, United States
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258
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Oudin MJ, Weaver VM. Physical and Chemical Gradients in the Tumor Microenvironment Regulate Tumor Cell Invasion, Migration, and Metastasis. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 81:189-205. [PMID: 28424337 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2016.81.030817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis requires the invasion of tumor cells into the stroma and the directed migration of tumor cells through the stroma toward the vasculature and lymphatics where they can disseminate and colonize secondary organs. Physical and biochemical gradients that form within the primary tumor tissue promote tumor cell invasion and drive persistent migration toward blood vessels and the lymphatics to facilitate tumor cell dissemination. These microenvironment cues include hypoxia and pH gradients, gradients of soluble cues that induce chemotaxis, and ions that facilitate galvanotaxis, as well as modifications to the concentration, organization, and stiffness of the extracellular matrix that produce haptotactic, alignotactic, and durotactic gradients. These gradients form through dynamic interactions between the tumor cells and the resident fibroblasts, adipocytes, nerves, endothelial cells, infiltrating immune cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. Malignant progression results from the integrated response of the tumor to these extrinsic physical and chemical cues. Here, we first describe how these physical and chemical gradients develop, and we discuss their role in tumor progression. We then review assays to study these gradients. We conclude with a discussion of clinical strategies used to detect and inhibit these gradients in tumors and of new intervention opportunities. Clarifying the role of these gradients in tumor evolution offers a unique approach to target metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J Oudin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
- UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research and The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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259
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Domura R, Sasaki R, Okamoto M, Hirano M, Kohda K, Napiwocki B, Turng LS. Comprehensive study on cellular morphologies, proliferation, motility, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells incubated on electrospun polymeric fiber substrates. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2588-2600. [PMID: 32264037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The progress of microenvironment-mediated tumor progression in an artificial extracellular matrix explores the design criteria to understand the cancer progression mechanism and metastatic potential. This study was aimed at examining the combination of both surface topographies (fiber alignments) and different stiffness of polymeric substrates (PLLA and PCL) to evaluate the effects on the cellular morphologies, proliferation, motility, and gene expression regarding epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of two different types of breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). The cellular morphologies (roundness and nuclear elongation factor), E-cadherin and vimentin expression, and cellular motility in terms of cellular migration speed, persistent time, and diffusivity have been comprehensively discussed. We demonstrated that the microenvironment of cell culture substrates influences cancer progression and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Domura
- Advanced Polymeric Nanostructured Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku, Nagoya 468 8511, Japan.
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260
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Ray A, Lee O, Win Z, Edwards RM, Alford PW, Kim DH, Provenzano PP. Anisotropic forces from spatially constrained focal adhesions mediate contact guidance directed cell migration. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14923. [PMID: 28401884 PMCID: PMC5394287 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed migration by contact guidance is a poorly understood yet vital phenomenon, particularly for carcinoma cell invasion on aligned collagen fibres. We demonstrate that for single cells, aligned architectures providing contact guidance cues induce constrained focal adhesion maturation and associated F-actin alignment, consequently orchestrating anisotropic traction stresses that drive cell orientation and directional migration. Consistent with this understanding, relaxing spatial constraints to adhesion maturation either through reduction in substrate alignment density or reduction in adhesion size diminishes the contact guidance response. While such interactions allow single mesenchymal-like cells to spontaneously 'sense' and follow topographic alignment, intercellular interactions within epithelial clusters temper anisotropic cell-substratum forces, resulting in substantially lower directional response. Overall, these results point to the control of contact guidance by a balance of cell-substratum and cell-cell interactions, modulated by cell phenotype-specific cytoskeletal arrangements. Thus, our findings elucidate how phenotypically diverse cells perceive ECM alignment at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja Ray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Oscar Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Zaw Win
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Rachel M Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Patrick W Alford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Paolo P Provenzano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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261
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Majeed H, Okoro C, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Toussaint KC, Popescu G. Quantifying collagen fiber orientation in breast cancer using quantitative phase imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:46004. [PMID: 28388706 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.4.046004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumor progression in breast cancer is significantly influenced by its interaction with the surrounding stromal tissue. Specifically, the composition, orientation, and alignment of collagen fibers in tumor-adjacent stroma affect tumor growth and metastasis. Most of the work done on measuring this prognostic marker has involved imaging of collagen fibers using second-harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM), which provides label-free specificity. Here, we show that spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM), a label-free quantitative phase imaging technique, is able to provide information on collagen-fiber orientation that is comparable to that provided by SHGM. Due to its wide-field geometry, the throughput of the SLIM system is much higher than that of SHGM and, because of the linear imaging, the equipment is simpler and significantly less expensive. Our results indicate that SLIM images can be used to extract important prognostic information from collagen fibers in breast tissue, potentially providing a convenient high throughput clinical tool for assessing patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassaan Majeed
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Quantitative Light Imaging (QLI) Lab, Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Chukwuemeka Okoro
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Photonics Research of Bio/Nano Environments (PROBE) Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Lab, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - André Kajdacsy-Balla
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Kimani C Toussaint
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Photonics Research of Bio/Nano Environments (PROBE) Lab, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Lab, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Quantitative Light Imaging (QLI) Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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262
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Leight JL, Drain AP, Weaver VM. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Stiffening Modulate Tumor Phenotype and Treatment Response. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-050216-034431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Leight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Allison P. Drain
- University of California, Berkeley–University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Valerie M. Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, Department of Anatomy, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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263
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Wang J, Schneider IC. Myosin phosphorylation on stress fibers predicts contact guidance behavior across diverse breast cancer cells. Biomaterials 2017; 120:81-93. [PMID: 28039755 PMCID: PMC5291342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During cancer progression the extracellular matrix is remodeled, forming aligned collagen fibers that proceed radially from the tumor, resulting in invasion. We have recently shown that different invasive breast cancer cells respond to epitaxially grown, aligned collagen fibrils differently. This article develops insight into why these cells differ in their contact guidance fidelity. Small changes in contractility or adhesion dramatically alter directional persistence on aligned collagen fibrils, while migration speed remains constant. The directionality of highly contractile and adhesive MDA-MB-231 cells can be diminished by inhibiting Rho kinase or β1 integrin binding. Inversely, the directionality of less contractile and adhesive MTLn3 cells can be enhanced by activating contractility or integrins. Subtle, but quantifiable alterations in myosin II regulatory light chain phosphorylation on stress fibers explain the tuning of contact guidance fidelity, separate from migration per se indicating that the contractile and adhesive state of the cell in combination with collagen organization in the tumor microenvironment determine the efficiency of migration. Understanding how distinct cells respond to contact guidance cues will not only illuminate mechanisms for cancer invasion, but will also allow for the design of environments to separate specific subpopulations of cells from patient-derived tissues by leveraging differences in responses to directional migration cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, USA
| | - Ian C Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, USA; Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, USA.
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264
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Panagopoulos V, Leach DA, Zinonos I, Ponomarev V, Licari G, Liapis V, Ingman WV, Anderson P, DeNichilo MO, Evdokiou A. Inflammatory peroxidases promote breast cancer progression in mice via regulation of the tumour microenvironment. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1191-1200. [PMID: 28260049 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) are heme-containing enzymes, well known for their antimicrobial activity, are released in high quantities by infiltrating immune cells in breast cancer. However, the functional importance of their presence within the tumour microenvironment is unclear. We have recently described a new role for peroxidases as key regulators of fibroblast and endothelial cell functionality. In the present study, we investigate for the first time, the ability of peroxidases to promote breast cancer development and progression. Using the 4T1 syngeneic murine orthotopic breast cancer model, we examined whether increased levels of peroxidases in developing mammary tumours influences primary tumour growth and metastasis. We showed that MPO and EPO stimulation increased mammary tumour growth and enhanced lung metastases, effects that were associated with reduced tumour necrosis, increased collagen deposition and neo-vascularisation within the primary tumour. In vitro, peroxidase treatment, robustly stimulated human mammary fibroblast migration and collagen type I and type VI secretion. Mechanistically, peroxidases induced the transcription of pro-tumorigenic and metastatic MMP1, MMP3 and COX-2 genes. Taken together, these findings identify peroxidases as key contributors to cancer progression by augmenting pro-tumorigenic collagen production and angiogenesis. Importantly, this identifies inflammatory peroxidases as therapeutic targets in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Panagopoulos
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Damien A Leach
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Irene Zinonos
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Vladimir Ponomarev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Licari
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Vasilios Liapis
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wendy V Ingman
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter Anderson
- Australian Craniofacial Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark O DeNichilo
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andreas Evdokiou
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute and Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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265
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Abstract
Time-lapse, deep-tissue imaging made possible by advances in intravital microscopy has demonstrated the importance of tumour cell migration through confining tracks in vivo. These tracks may either be endogenous features of tissues or be created by tumour or tumour-associated cells. Importantly, migration mechanisms through confining microenvironments are not predicted by 2D migration assays. Engineered in vitro models have been used to delineate the mechanisms of cell motility through confining spaces encountered in vivo. Understanding cancer cell locomotion through physiologically relevant confining tracks could be useful in developing therapeutic strategies to combat metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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266
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Caballero D, Samitier J. Topological Control of Extracellular Matrix Growth: A Native-Like Model for Cell Morphodynamics Studies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:4159-4170. [PMID: 28068057 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of cells with their natural environment influences a large variety of cellular phenomena, including cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration. The complex extracellular matrix network has challenged the attempts to replicate in vitro the heterogeneity of the cell environment and has threatened, in general, the relevance of in vitro studies. In this work, we describe a new and extremely versatile approach to generate native-like extracellular matrices with controlled morphologies for the in vitro study of cellular processes. This general approach combines the confluent culture of fibroblasts with microfabricated guiding templates to direct the three-dimensional growth of well-defined extracellular networks which recapitulate the structural and biomolecular complexity of features typically found in vivo. To evaluate its performance, we studied fundamental cellular processes, including cell cytoskeleton organization, cell-matrix adhesion, proliferation, and protrusions morphodynamics. In all cases, we found striking differences depending on matrix architecture and, in particular, when compared to standard two-dimensional environments. We also assessed whether the engineered matrix networks influenced cell migration dynamics and locomotion strategy, finding enhanced migration efficiency for cells seeded on aligned matrices. Altogether, our methodology paves the way to the development of high-performance models of the extracellular matrix for potential applications in tissue engineering, diagnosis, or stem-cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Caballero
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Engineering: Electronics, University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Engineering: Electronics, University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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267
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Nichols BS, Llopis A, Palmer GM, McCachren SS, Senlik O, Miller D, Brooke MA, Jokerst NM, Geradts J, Greenup R, Ramanujam N. Miniature spectral imaging device for wide-field quantitative functional imaging of the morphological landscape of breast tumor margins. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:26007. [PMID: 28241273 PMCID: PMC5321165 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.2.026007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a portable, breast margin assessment probe leveraging diffuse optical spectroscopy to quantify the morphological landscape of breast tumor margins during breast conserving surgery. The approach presented here leverages a custom-made 16-channel annular photodiode imaging array (arranged in a 4 × 4 grid), a raster-scanning imaging platform with precision pressure control, and compressive sensing with an optimized set of eight wavelengths in the visible spectral range. A scalable Monte-Carlo-based inverse model is used to generate optical property [ ? s ? ( ? ) and ? a ( ? ) ] measures for each of the 16 simultaneously captured diffuse reflectance spectra. Subpixel sampling (0.75 mm) is achieved through incremental x , y raster scanning of the imaging probe, providing detailed optical parameter maps of breast margins over a 2 × 2 ?? cm 2 area in ? 9 ?? min . The morphological landscape of a tumor margin is characterized using optical surrogates for the fat to fibroglandular content ratio, which has demonstrated diagnostic utility in delineating tissue subtypes in the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S. Nichols
- Duke University, Pratt School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Antonio Llopis
- Duke University, Pratt School of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Gregory M. Palmer
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medicine Circle, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Samuel S. McCachren
- Duke University, Pratt School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ozlem Senlik
- Duke University, Pratt School of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - David Miller
- Duke University, Pratt School of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Martin A. Brooke
- Duke University, Pratt School of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Nan M. Jokerst
- Duke University, Pratt School of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Joseph Geradts
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Rachel Greenup
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Nimmi Ramanujam
- Duke University, Pratt School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Nimmi Ramanujam, E-mail:
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268
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Barcus CE, O'Leary KA, Brockman JL, Rugowski DE, Liu Y, Garcia N, Yu M, Keely PJ, Eliceiri KW, Schuler LA. Elevated collagen-I augments tumor progressive signals, intravasation and metastasis of prolactin-induced estrogen receptor alpha positive mammary tumor cells. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:9. [PMID: 28103936 PMCID: PMC5244528 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development and progression of estrogen receptor alpha positive (ERα+) breast cancer has been linked epidemiologically to prolactin. However, activation of the canonical mediator of prolactin, STAT5, is associated with more differentiated cancers and better prognoses. We have reported that density/stiffness of the extracellular matrix potently modulates the repertoire of prolactin signals in human ERα + breast cancer cells in vitro: stiff matrices shift the balance from the Janus kinase (JAK)2/STAT5 cascade toward pro-tumor progressive extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signals, driving invasion. However, the consequences for behavior of ERα + cancers in vivo are not known. Methods In order to investigate the importance of matrix density/stiffness in progression of ERα + cancers, we examined tumor development and progression following orthotopic transplantation of two clonal green fluorescent protein (GFP) + ERα + tumor cell lines derived from prolactin-induced tumors to 8-week-old wild-type FVB/N (WT) or collagen-dense (col1a1tm1Jae/+) female mice. The latter express a mutant non-cleavable allele of collagen 1a1 “knocked-in” to the col1a1 gene locus, permitting COL1A1 accumulation. We evaluated the effect of the collagen environment on tumor progression by examining circulating tumor cells and lung metastases, activated signaling pathways by immunohistochemistry analysis and immunoblotting, and collagen structure by second harmonic generation microscopy. Results ERα + primary tumors did not differ in growth rate, histologic type, ERα, or prolactin receptor (PRLR) expression between col1a1tm1Jae/+ and WT recipients. However, the col1a1tm1Jae/+ environment significantly increased circulating tumor cells and the number and size of lung metastases at end stage. Tumors in col1a1tm1Jae/+ recipients displayed reduced STAT5 activation, and higher phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT. Moreover, intratumoral collagen fibers in col1a1tm1Jae/+ recipients were aligned with tumor projections into the adjacent fat pad, perpendicular to the bulk of the tumor, in contrast to the collagen fibers wrapped around the more uniformly expansive tumors in WT recipients. Conclusions A collagen-dense extracellular matrix can potently interact with hormonal signals to drive metastasis of ERα + breast cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0801-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Barcus
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kathleen A O'Leary
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer L Brockman
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Debra E Rugowski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuming Liu
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nancy Garcia
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Menggang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Patricia J Keely
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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269
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Local alignment vectors reveal cancer cell-induced ECM fiber remodeling dynamics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39498. [PMID: 28045069 PMCID: PMC5206731 DOI: 10.1038/srep39498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive cancer cells interact with the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), remodeling ECM fiber network structure by condensing, degrading, and aligning these fibers. We developed a novel local alignment vector analysis method to quantitatively measure collagen fiber alignment as a vector field using Circular Statistics. This method was applied to human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines, embedded as spheroids in a collagen gel. Collagen remodeling was monitored using second harmonic generation imaging under normal conditions and when the LKB1-MARK1 pathway was disrupted through RNAi-based approaches. The results showed that inhibiting LKB1 or MARK1 in NSCLC increases the collagen fiber alignment and captures outward alignment vectors from the tumor spheroid, corresponding to high invasiveness of LKB1 mutant cancer cells. With time-lapse imaging of ECM micro-fiber morphology, the local alignment vector can measure the dynamic signature of invasive cancer cell activity and cell-migration-induced ECM and collagen remodeling and realigning dynamics.
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270
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Tanja Mierke C. Physical role of nuclear and cytoskeletal confinements in cell migration mode selection and switching. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2017.4.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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271
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Albritton JL, Miller JS. 3D bioprinting: improving in vitro models of metastasis with heterogeneous tumor microenvironments. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:3-14. [PMID: 28067628 PMCID: PMC5278522 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.025049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Even with many advances in treatment over the past decades, cancer still remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the recognized relationship between metastasis and increased mortality rate, surprisingly little is known about the exact mechanism of metastatic progression. Currently available in vitro models cannot replicate the three-dimensionality and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment sufficiently to recapitulate many of the known characteristics of tumors in vivo Our understanding of metastatic progression would thus be boosted by the development of in vitro models that could more completely capture the salient features of cancer biology. Bioengineering groups have been working for over two decades to create in vitro microenvironments for application in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Over this time, advances in 3D printing technology and biomaterials research have jointly led to the creation of 3D bioprinting, which has improved our ability to develop in vitro models with complexity approaching that of the in vivo tumor microenvironment. In this Review, we give an overview of 3D bioprinting methods developed for tissue engineering, which can be directly applied to constructing in vitro models of heterogeneous tumor microenvironments. We discuss considerations and limitations associated with 3D printing and highlight how these advances could be harnessed to better model metastasis and potentially guide the development of anti-cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Albritton
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jordan S Miller
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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272
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Domura R, Sasaki R, Okamoto M, Hirano M, Kohda K, Napiwocki B, Turng LS. Comprehensive study on cellular morphologies, proliferation, motility, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells incubated on electrospun polymeric fiber substrates. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2588-2600. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00207f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aligned fibers substrates caused elongation and alignment of the MDA-MB-231 cells along the fiber directionsviareducing the cell roundness and E-cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Domura
- Advanced Polymeric Nanostructured Materials Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Toyota Technological Institute
- Tempaku
- Japan
| | - Rie Sasaki
- Advanced Polymeric Nanostructured Materials Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Toyota Technological Institute
- Tempaku
- Japan
| | - Masami Okamoto
- Advanced Polymeric Nanostructured Materials Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Toyota Technological Institute
- Tempaku
- Japan
| | | | | | - Brett Napiwocki
- Department of Engineering Physics
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- USA
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Polymer Engineering Center
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- USA
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273
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Campbell JJ, Husmann A, Hume RD, Watson CJ, Cameron RE. Development of three-dimensional collagen scaffolds with controlled architecture for cell migration studies using breast cancer cell lines. Biomaterials 2017; 114:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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274
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3D hybrid modelling of vascular network formation. J Theor Biol 2016; 414:254-268. [PMID: 27890575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We develop an off-lattice, agent-based model to describe vasculogenesis, the de novo formation of blood vessels from endothelial progenitor cells during development. The endothelial cells that comprise our vessel network are viewed as linearly elastic spheres that move in response to the forces they experience. We distinguish two types of endothelial cells: vessel elements are contained within the network and tip cells are located at the ends of vessels. Tip cells move in response to mechanical forces caused by interactions with neighbouring vessel elements and the local tissue environment, chemotactic forces and a persistence force which accounts for their tendency to continue moving in the same direction. Vessel elements are subject to similar mechanical forces but are insensitive to chemotaxis. An angular persistence force representing interactions with the local tissue is introduced to stabilise buckling instabilities caused by cell proliferation. Only vessel elements proliferate, at rates which depend on their degree of stretch: elongated elements have increased rates of proliferation, and compressed elements have reduced rates. Following division, the fate of the new cell depends on the local mechanical environment: the probability of forming a new sprout is increased if the parent vessel is highly compressed and the probability of being incorporated into the parent vessel increased if the parent is stretched. Simulation results reveal that our hybrid model can reproduce the key qualitative features of vasculogenesis. Extensive parameter sensitivity analyses show that significant changes in network size and morphology are induced by varying the chemotactic sensitivity of tip cells, and the sensitivities of the proliferation rate and the sprouting probability to mechanical stretch. Varying the chemotactic sensitivity directly influences the directionality of the networks. The degree of branching, and thereby the density of the networks, is influenced by the sprouting probability. Glyphs that simultaneously depict several network properties are introduced to show how these and other network quantities change over time and also as model parameters vary. We also show how equivalent glyphs constructed from in vivo data could be used to discriminate between normal and tumour vasculature and, in the longer term, for model validation. We conclude that our biomechanical hybrid model can generate vascular networks that are qualitatively similar to those generated from in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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275
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Drifka CR, Loeffler AG, Mathewson K, Keikhosravi A, Eickhoff JC, Liu Y, Weber SM, Kao WJ, Eliceiri KW. Highly aligned stromal collagen is a negative prognostic factor following pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma resection. Oncotarget 2016; 7:76197-76213. [PMID: 27776346 PMCID: PMC5342807 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression after surgery are unclear, and additional prognostic factors are needed to inform treatment regimens and therapeutic targets. PDAC is characterized by advanced sclerosis of the extracellular matrix, and interactions between cancer cells, fibrillar collagen, and other stromal components play an integral role in progression. Changes in stromal collagen alignment have been shown to modulate cancer cell behavior and have important clinical value in other cancer types, but little is known about its role in PDAC and prognostic value. We hypothesized that the alignment of collagen is associated with PDAC patient survival. To address this, pathology-confirmed tissues from 114 PDAC patients that underwent curative-intent surgery were retrospectively imaged with Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy, quantified with fiber segmentation algorithms, and correlated to patient survival. The same tissue regions were analyzed for epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT), α-SMA, and syndecan-1 using complimentary immunohistostaining and visualization techniques. Significant inter-tumoral variation in collagen alignment was found, and notably high collagen alignment was observed in 12% of the patient cohort. Stratification of patients according to collagen alignment revealed that high alignment is an independent negative factor following PDAC resection (p = 0.0153, multivariate). We also found that epithelial expression of EMT and the stromal expression of α-SMA and syndecan-1 were positively correlated with collagen alignment. In summary, stromal collagen alignment may provide additional, clinically-relevant information about PDAC tumors and underscores the importance of stroma-cancer interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole R. Drifka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Agnes G. Loeffler
- Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kara Mathewson
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adib Keikhosravi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jens C. Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuming Liu
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sharon M. Weber
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - W. John Kao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
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276
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Langevin HM, Keely P, Mao J, Hodge LM, Schleip R, Deng G, Hinz B, Swartz MA, de Valois BA, Zick S, Findley T. Connecting (T)issues: How Research in Fascia Biology Can Impact Integrative Oncology. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6159-6162. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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277
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Koo H, Yamada KM. Dynamic cell-matrix interactions modulate microbial biofilm and tissue 3D microenvironments. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 42:102-112. [PMID: 27257751 PMCID: PMC5064909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms and most eukaryotic tissues consist of cells embedded in a three-dimensional extracellular matrix. This matrix serves as a scaffold for cell adhesion and a dynamic milieu that provides varying chemical and physical signals to the cells. Besides a vast array of specific molecular components, an extracellular matrix can provide locally heterogeneous microenvironments differing in porosity/diffusion, stiffness, pH, oxygen and metabolites or nutrient levels. Mechanisms of matrix formation, mechanosensing, matrix remodeling, and modulation of cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions and dispersal are being revealed. This perspective article aims to identify such concepts from the fields of biofilm or eukaryotic matrix biology relevant to the other field to help stimulate new questions, approaches, and insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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278
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Jiang C, Cui C, Zhong W, Li G, Li L, Shao Y. Tumor proliferation and diffusion on percolation clusters. J Biol Phys 2016; 42:637-658. [PMID: 27678112 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-016-9427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We study in silico the influence of host tissue inhomogeneity on tumor cell proliferation and diffusion by simulating the mobility of a tumor on percolation clusters with different homogeneities of surrounding tissues. The proliferation and diffusion of a tumor in an inhomogeneous tissue could be characterized in the framework of the percolation theory, which displays similar thresholds (0.54, 0.44, and 0.37, respectively) for tumor proliferation and diffusion in three kinds of lattices with 4, 6, and 8 connecting near neighbors. Our study reveals the existence of a critical transition concerning the survival and diffusion of tumor cells with leaping metastatic diffusion movement in the host tissues. Tumor cells usually flow in the direction of greater pressure variation during their diffusing and infiltrating to a further location in the host tissue. Some specific sites suitable for tumor invasion were observed on the percolation cluster and around these specific sites a tumor can develop into scattered tumors linked by some advantage tunnels that facilitate tumor invasion. We also investigate the manner that tissue inhomogeneity surrounding a tumor may influence the velocity of tumor diffusion and invasion. Our simulation suggested that invasion of a tumor is controlled by the homogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, which is basically consistent with the experimental report by Riching et al. as well as our clinical observation of medical imaging. Both simulation and clinical observation proved that tumor diffusion and invasion into the surrounding host tissue is positively correlated with the homogeneity of the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongming Jiang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,BGI-Research in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Chunyan Cui
- Department of Medical Imaging, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Weirong Zhong
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuanzhi Shao
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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279
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Abstract
In this work, we constructed a Collagen I-Matrigel composite extracellular matrix (ECM). The composite ECM was used to determine the influence of the local collagen fiber orientation on the collective intravasation ability of tumor cells. We found that the local fiber alignment enhanced cell-ECM interactions. Specifically, metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells followed the local fiber alignment direction during the intravasation into rigid Matrigel (∼10 mg/mL protein concentration).
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280
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Kakkad S, Zhang J, Akhbardeh A, Jacob D, Krishnamachary B, Solaiyappan M, Jacobs MA, Raman V, Leibfritz D, Glunde K, Bhujwalla ZM. Collagen fibers mediate MRI-detected water diffusion and anisotropy in breast cancers. Neoplasia 2016; 18:585-593. [PMID: 27742013 PMCID: PMC5035345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen 1 (Col1) fibers play an important role in tumor interstitial macromolecular transport and cancer cell dissemination. Our goal was to understand the influence of Col1 fibers on water diffusion, and to examine the potential of using noninvasive diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to indirectly detect Col1 fibers in breast lesions. We previously observed, in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts engineered to fluoresce under hypoxia, relatively low amounts of Col1 fibers in fluorescent hypoxic regions. These xenograft tumors together with human breast cancer samples were used here to investigate the relationship between Col1 fibers, water diffusion and anisotropy, and hypoxia. Hypoxic low Col1 fiber containing regions showed decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) compared to normoxic high Col1 fiber containing regions. Necrotic high Col1 fiber containing regions showed increased ADC with decreased FA values compared to normoxic viable high Col1 fiber regions that had increased ADC with increased FA values. A good agreement of ADC and FA patterns was observed between in vivo and ex vivo images. In human breast cancer specimens, ADC and FA decreased in low Col1 containing regions. Our data suggest that a decrease in ADC and FA values observed within a lesion could predict hypoxia, and a pattern of high ADC with low FA values could predict necrosis. Collectively the data identify the role of Col1 fibers in directed water movement and support expanding the evaluation of DTI parameters as surrogates for Col1 fiber patterns associated with specific tumor microenvironments as companion diagnostics and for staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samata Kakkad
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jiangyang Zhang
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Alireza Akhbardeh
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Desmond Jacob
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Meiyappan Solaiyappan
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Michael A Jacobs
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Venu Raman
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dieter Leibfritz
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kristine Glunde
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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281
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Gilbert PM, Weaver VM. Cellular adaptation to biomechanical stress across length scales in tissue homeostasis and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 67:141-152. [PMID: 27641825 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human tissues are remarkably adaptable and robust, harboring the collective ability to detect and respond to external stresses while maintaining tissue integrity. Following injury, many tissues have the capacity to repair the damage - and restore form and function - by deploying cellular and molecular mechanisms reminiscent of developmental programs. Indeed, it is increasingly clear that cancer and chronic conditions that develop with age arise as a result of cells and tissues re-implementing and deregulating a selection of developmental programs. Therefore, understanding the fundamental molecular mechanisms that drive cell and tissue responses is a necessity when designing therapies to treat human conditions. Extracellular matrix stiffness synergizes with chemical cues to drive single cell and collective cell behavior in culture and acts to establish and maintain tissue homeostasis in the body. This review will highlight recent advances that elucidate the impact of matrix mechanics on cell behavior and fate across these length scales during times of homeostasis and in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penney M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy and Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
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282
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Fong ELS, Harrington DA, Farach-Carson MC, Yu H. Heralding a new paradigm in 3D tumor modeling. Biomaterials 2016; 108:197-213. [PMID: 27639438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies to date have contributed to a paradigm shift in modeling cancer, moving from the traditional two-dimensional culture system to three-dimensional (3D) culture systems for cancer cell culture. This led to the inception of tumor engineering, which has undergone rapid advances over the years. In line with the recognition that tumors are not merely masses of proliferating cancer cells but rather, highly complex tissues consisting of a dynamic extracellular matrix together with stromal, immune and endothelial cells, significant efforts have been made to better recapitulate the tumor microenvironment in 3D. These approaches include the development of engineered matrices and co-cultures to replicate the complexity of tumor-stroma interactions in vitro. However, the tumor engineering and cancer biology fields have traditionally relied heavily on the use of cancer cell lines as a cell source in tumor modeling. While cancer cell lines have contributed to a wealth of knowledge in cancer biology, the use of this cell source is increasingly perceived as a major contributing factor to the dismal failure rate of oncology drugs in drug development. Backing this notion is the increasing evidence that tumors possess intrinsic heterogeneity, which predominantly homogeneous cancer cell lines poorly reflect. Tumor heterogeneity contributes to therapeutic resistance in patients. To overcome this limitation, cancer cell lines are beginning to be replaced by primary tumor cell sources, in the form of patient-derived xenografts and organoids cultures. Moving forward, we propose that further advances in tumor engineering would require that tumor heterogeneity (tumor variants) be taken into consideration together with tumor complexity (tumor-stroma interactions). In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of what has been achieved in recapitulating tumor complexity, and discuss the importance of incorporating tumor heterogeneity into 3D in vitro tumor models. This work carves out the roadmap for 3D tumor engineering and highlights some of the challenges that need to be addressed as we move forward into the next chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza L S Fong
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | | | - Hanry Yu
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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283
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van Helvert S, Friedl P. Strain Stiffening of Fibrillar Collagen during Individual and Collective Cell Migration Identified by AFM Nanoindentation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21946-55. [PMID: 27128771 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The multistep process of cell migration requires cells to dynamically couple to extracellular interfaces and generate traction force or friction for displacement of the cell body. When deformed, biopolymer networks, including fibrillar collagen and fibrin, undergo a nonlinear elasticity change that is termed strain stiffening and is commonly measured by bulk rheology. It remains poorly characterized, however, whether forces generated by moving cells suffice to induce strain stiffening. To detect strain stiffening at the leading edge of normal and tumor cells moving across fibrillar type I collagen, we combined AFM nanoindentation and differential field probing with confocal reflection microscopy. In different cell models, gradient-like fiber realignment, densification, and elevation of Young's modulus ahead of the leading edge were observed, with peak increases of up to 1.15 kPa near the leading edge. Moving fibroblasts generated a larger anterograde strain field with a higher amplitude and up to 6-fold increased cumulative strain stiffening (52 kPa) compared with mesenchymal HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells (8.8 kPa) and epithelial SCC38 cancer cells (9.8 kPa). Collectively moving SCC38 cells produced 4-fold increased cumulative strain stiffening (38 kPa) compared with individually moving SCC38 cells in a β1 integrin- and actomyosin-dependent manner. This indicates that the extent of strain stiffening by the leading edge of moving cells scales with cell type, multicellular cooperativity, integrin availability, and contractility. By straining, migrating cells realign and densify fibrillar extracellular matrix and thus adopt an autonomous strategy to move on a "traveling wave" of stiffened substrate, which reaches levels sufficient for mechanosensory activation and self-steering of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd van Helvert
- Radboud University Medical Centre , Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Friedl
- Radboud University Medical Centre , Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Cancer Genomics Center (CGC.nl), 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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284
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Attieh Y, Vignjevic DM. The hallmarks of CAFs in cancer invasion. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:493-502. [PMID: 27575401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to move out of the primary tumor and disseminate through the circulation to form metastases is one of the main contributors to poor patient outcome. The tumor microenvironment provides a niche that supports cancer cell invasion and proliferation. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a highly enriched cell population in the tumor microenvironment that plays an important role in cancer invasion. However, it remains unclear whether CAFs directly stimulate cancer cell invasion or they remodel the extracellular matrix to make it more permissive for invasion. Here we discuss paracrine communication between cancer cells and CAFs that promotes tumor invasion but also stimulates CAFs to remodel the matrix increasing cancer dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmna Attieh
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, IFD, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex05, France.
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285
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Carey SP, Goldblatt ZE, Martin KE, Romero B, Williams RM, Reinhart-King CA. Local extracellular matrix alignment directs cellular protrusion dynamics and migration through Rac1 and FAK. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:821-35. [PMID: 27384462 PMCID: PMC4980151 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00030d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration within 3D interstitial microenvironments is sensitive to extracellular matrix (ECM) properties, but the mechanisms that regulate migration guidance by 3D matrix features remain unclear. To examine the mechanisms underlying the cell migration response to aligned ECM, which is prevalent at the tumor-stroma interface, we utilized time-lapse microscopy to compare the behavior of MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cells within randomly organized and well-aligned 3D collagen ECM. We developed a novel experimental system in which cellular morphodynamics during initial 3D cell spreading served as a reductionist model for the complex process of matrix-directed 3D cell migration. Using this approach, we found that ECM alignment induced spatial anisotropy of cells' matrix probing by promoting protrusion frequency, persistence, and lengthening along the alignment axis and suppressing protrusion dynamics orthogonal to alignment. Preference for on-axis behaviors was dependent upon FAK and Rac1 signaling and translated across length and time scales such that cells within aligned ECM exhibited accelerated elongation, front-rear polarization, and migration relative to cells in random ECM. Together, these findings indicate that adhesive and protrusive signaling allow cells to respond to coordinated physical cues in the ECM, promoting migration efficiency and cell migration guidance by 3D matrix structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn P Carey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 302 Weill Hall, 526 Campus Rd, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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286
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Spill F, Reynolds DS, Kamm RD, Zaman MH. Impact of the physical microenvironment on tumor progression and metastasis. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 40:41-48. [PMID: 26938687 PMCID: PMC4975620 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is increasingly understood to contribute to cancer development and progression by affecting the complex interplay of genetic and epigenetic changes within the cells themselves. Moreover, recent research has highlighted that, besides biochemical cues from the microenvironment, physical cues can also greatly alter cellular behavior such as proliferation, cancer stem cell properties, and metastatic potential. Whereas initial assays have focused on basic ECM physical properties, such as stiffness, novel in vitro systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated in differentiating between distinct physical cues-ECM pore size, fiber alignment, and molecular composition-and elucidating the different roles these properties play in driving tumor progression and metastasis. Combined with advances in our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for how cells sense these properties, a new appreciation for the role of mechanics in cancer is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Spill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Daniel S Reynolds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Muhammad H Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA 00215, United States.
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287
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Alapan Y, Younesi M, Akkus O, Gurkan UA. Anisotropically Stiff 3D Micropillar Niche Induces Extraordinary Cell Alignment and Elongation. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1884-92. [PMID: 27191679 PMCID: PMC4982772 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A microfabricated pillar substrate is developed to confine, align, and elongate cells, allowing decoupled analysis of stiffness and directionality in 3D. Mesenchymal stem cells and cardiomyocytes are successfully confined in a 3D environment with precisely tunable stiffness anisotropy. It is discovered that anisotropically stiff micropillar substrates provide cellular confinement in 3D, aligning cells in the stiffer direction with extraordinary elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Alapan
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mousa Younesi
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ozan Akkus
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Biomedical Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Department of Orthopedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Umut A. Gurkan
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Biomedical Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Department of Orthopedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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288
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Pradhan S, Hassani I, Clary JM, Lipke EA. Polymeric Biomaterials for In Vitro Cancer Tissue Engineering and Drug Testing Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:470-484. [PMID: 27302080 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic polymers and materials have been widely used in tissue engineering for regeneration and replication of diverse types of both normal and diseased tissues. Cancer, being a prevalent disease throughout the world, has initiated substantial interest in the creation of tissue-engineered models for anticancer drug testing. The development of these in vitro three-dimensional (3D) culture models using novel biomaterials has facilitated the investigation of tumorigenic and associated biological phenomena with a higher degree of complexity and physiological context than that provided by established two-dimensional culture models. In this review, an overview of a wide range of natural, synthetic, and hybrid biomaterials used for 3D cancer cell culture and investigation of cancer cell behavior is presented. The role of these materials in modulating cell-matrix interactions and replicating specific tumorigenic characteristics is evaluated. In addition, recent advances in biomaterial design, synthesis, and fabrication are also assessed. Finally, the advantages of incorporating polymeric biomaterials in 3D cancer models for obtaining efficacy data in anticancer drug testing applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pradhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Iman Hassani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Jacob M Clary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Elizabeth A Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
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289
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Development of a Biomimetic Chondroitin Sulfate-modified Hydrogel to Enhance the Metastasis of Tumor Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29858. [PMID: 27432752 PMCID: PMC4949442 DOI: 10.1038/srep29858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis with resistance to anticancer therapies is the main cause of death in cancer patients. It is necessary to develop reliable tumor metastasis models that can closely recapitulate the pathophysiological features of the native tumor tissue. In this study, chondroitin sulfate (CS)-modified alginate hydrogel beads (ALG-CS) are developed to mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment with an abnormally increased expression of CS for the promotion of tumor cell metastasis. The modification mechanism of CS on alginate hydrogel is due to the cross-linking between CS and alginate molecules via coordination of calcium ions, which enables ALG-CS to possess significantly different physical characteristics than the traditional alginate beads (ALG). And quantum chemistry calculations show that in addition to the traditional egg-box structure, novel asymmetric egg-box-like structures based on the interaction between these two kinds of polymers are also formed within ALG-CS. Moreover, tumor cell metastasis is significantly enhanced in ALG-CS compared with that in ALG, as confirmed by the increased expression of MMP genes and proteins and greater in vitro invasion ability. Therefore, ALG-CS could be a convenient and effective 3D biomimetic scaffold that would be used to construct standardized tumor metastasis models for tumor research and anticancer drug screening.
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290
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Grossman M, Ben-Chetrit N, Zhuravlev A, Afik R, Bassat E, Solomonov I, Yarden Y, Sagi I. Tumor Cell Invasion Can Be Blocked by Modulators of Collagen Fibril Alignment That Control Assembly of the Extracellular Matrix. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4249-58. [PMID: 27221706 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal architectures of collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM) are hallmarks of many invasive diseases, including cancer. Targeting specific stages of collagen assembly in vivo presents a great challenge due to the involvement of various crosslinking enzymes in the multistep, hierarchical process of ECM build-up. Using advanced microscopic tools, we monitored stages of fibrillary collagen assembly in a native fibroblast-derived 3D matrix system and identified anti-lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) antibodies that alter the natural alignment and width of endogenic fibrillary collagens without affecting ECM composition. The disrupted collagen morphologies interfered with the adhesion and invasion properties of human breast cancer cells. Treatment of mice bearing breast cancer xenografts with the inhibitory antibodies resulted in disruption of the tumorigenic collagen superstructure and in reduction of primary tumor growth. Our approach could serve as a general methodology to identify novel therapeutics targeting fibrillary protein organization to treat ECM-associated pathologies. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4249-58. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Grossman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nir Ben-Chetrit
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alina Zhuravlev
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ran Afik
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elad Bassat
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inna Solomonov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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291
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Seo BR, Bhardwaj P, Choi S, Gonzalez J, Andresen Eguiluz RC, Wang K, Mohanan S, Morris PG, Du B, Zhou XK, Vahdat LT, Verma A, Elemento O, Hudis CA, Williams RM, Gourdon D, Dannenberg AJ, Fischbach C. Obesity-dependent changes in interstitial ECM mechanics promote breast tumorigenesis. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:301ra130. [PMID: 26290412 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and extracellular matrix (ECM) density are considered independent risk and prognostic factors for breast cancer. Whether they are functionally linked is uncertain. We investigated the hypothesis that obesity enhances local myofibroblast content in mammary adipose tissue and that these stromal changes increase malignant potential by enhancing interstitial ECM stiffness. Indeed, mammary fat of both diet- and genetically induced mouse models of obesity were enriched for myofibroblasts and stiffness-promoting ECM components. These differences were related to varied adipose stromal cell (ASC) characteristics because ASCs isolated from obese mice contained more myofibroblasts and deposited denser and stiffer ECMs relative to ASCs from lean control mice. Accordingly, decellularized matrices from obese ASCs stimulated mechanosignaling and thereby the malignant potential of breast cancer cells. Finally, the clinical relevance and translational potential of our findings were supported by analysis of patient specimens and the observation that caloric restriction in a mouse model reduces myofibroblast content in mammary fat. Collectively, these findings suggest that obesity-induced interstitial fibrosis promotes breast tumorigenesis by altering mammary ECM mechanics with important potential implications for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ri Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Siyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jacqueline Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Karin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sunish Mohanan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Patrick G Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Baoheng Du
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xi K Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Linda T Vahdat
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rebecca M Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Delphine Gourdon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrew J Dannenberg
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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292
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Burkel B, Morris BA, Ponik SM, Riching KM, Eliceiri KW, Keely PJ. Preparation of 3D Collagen Gels and Microchannels for the Study of 3D Interactions In Vivo. J Vis Exp 2016:53989. [PMID: 27213771 PMCID: PMC4942088 DOI: 10.3791/53989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, most cellular processes have been studied in only 2 dimensions. While these studies have been informative about general cell signaling mechanisms, they neglect important cellular cues received from the structural and mechanical properties of the local microenvironment and extracellular matrix (ECM). To understand how cells interact within a physiological ECM, it is important to study them in the context of 3 dimensional assays. Cell migration, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation are only a few processes that have been shown to be impacted by local changes in the mechanical properties of a 3-dimensional ECM. Collagen I, a core fibrillar component of the ECM, is more than a simple structural element of a tissue. Under normal conditions, mechanical cues from the collagen network direct morphogenesis and maintain cellular structures. In diseased microenvironments, such as the tumor microenvironment, the collagen network is often dramatically remodeled, demonstrating altered composition, enhanced deposition and altered fiber organization. In breast cancer, the degree of fiber alignment is important, as an increase in aligned fibers perpendicular to the tumor boundary has been correlated to poorer patient prognosis(1). Aligned collagen matrices result in increased dissemination of tumor cells via persistent migration(2,3). The following is a simple protocol for embedding cells within a 3-dimensional, fibrillar collagen hydrogel. This protocol is readily adaptable to many platforms, and can reproducibly generate both aligned and random collagen matrices for investigation of cell migration, cell division, and other cellular processes in a tunable, 3-dimensional, physiological microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Burkel
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison;
| | - Brett A Morris
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Suzanne M Ponik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Kristin M Riching
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Patricia J Keely
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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293
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Tumor-induced remote ECM network orientation steers angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22580. [PMID: 26931404 PMCID: PMC4773852 DOI: 10.1038/srep22580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we use automated sequential microprinting of tumor and endothelial cells in extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds to study its mechanical aspects. Quantitative reflection microscopy shows that tumor spheroids induce radial orientation of the surrounding collagen fiber network up to a distance of five times their radius. Across a panel of ~20 different human tumor cell lines, remote collagen orientation is correlated with local tumor cell migration behavior. Tumor induced collagen orientation requires contractility but is remarkably resistant to depletion of collagen-binding integrins. Microvascular endothelial cells undergo directional migration towards tumor spheroids once they are within the tumor-oriented collagen fiber network. Laser ablation experiments indicate that an intact physical connection of the oriented network with the tumor spheroid is required for mechanical sensing by the endothelial cells. Together our findings indicate that, in conjunction with described activities of soluble angiogenic factors, remote physical manipulation of the ECM network by the tumor can help to steer angiogenesis.
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294
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Topography induces differential sensitivity on cancer cell proliferation via Rho-ROCK-Myosin contractility. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19672. [PMID: 26795068 PMCID: PMC4726280 DOI: 10.1038/srep19672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the role of stiffness on proliferative response of cancer cells has been well studied, little is known about the effect of topographic cues in guiding cancer cell proliferation. Here, we examined the effect of topographic cues on cancer cell proliferation using micron scale topographic features and observed that anisotropic features like microgratings at specific dimension could reduce proliferation of non-cancer breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) but not that for malignant breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). However, isotropic features such as micropillars did not affect proliferation of MCF-10A, indicating that the anisotropic environmental cues are essential for this process. Interestingly, acto-myosin contraction inhibitory drugs, Y-27632 and blebbistatin prevented micrograting-mediated inhibition on proliferation. Here, we propose the concept of Mechanically-Induced Dormancy (MID) where topographic cues could activate Rho-ROCK-Myosin signaling to suppress non-cancerous cells proliferation whereas malignant cells are resistant to this inhibitory barrier and therefore continue uncontrolled proliferation.
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295
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He X, Lee B, Jiang Y. Cell-ECM Interactions in Tumor Invasion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 936:73-91. [PMID: 27739043 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42023-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cancer cells obtain their invasion potential not only by genetic mutations, but also by changing their cellular biophysical and biomechanical features and adapting to the surrounding microenvironments. The extracellular matrix, as a crucial component of the tumor microenvironment, provides the mechanical support for the tissue, mediates the cell-microenvironment interactions, and plays a key role in cancer cell invasion. The biomechanics of the extracellular matrix, particularly collagen, have been extensively studied in the biomechanics community. Cell migration has also enjoyed much attention from both the experimental and modeling efforts. However, the detailed mechanistic understanding of tumor cell-ECM interactions, especially during cancer invasion, has been unclear. This chapter reviews the recent advances in the studies of ECM biomechanics, cell migration, and cell-ECM interactions in the context of cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu He
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Byoungkoo Lee
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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296
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Hapach LA, VanderBurgh JA, Miller JP, Reinhart-King CA. Manipulation of in vitro collagen matrix architecture for scaffolds of improved physiological relevance. Phys Biol 2015; 12:061002. [PMID: 26689380 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/12/6/061002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Type I collagen is a versatile biomaterial that is widely used in medical applications due to its weak antigenicity, robust biocompatibility, and its ability to be modified for a wide array of applications. As such, collagen has become a major component of many tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery platforms, and substrates for in vitro cell culture. In these applications, collagen constructs are fabricated to recapitulate a diverse set of conditions. Collagen fibrils can be aligned during or post-fabrication, cross-linked via numerous techniques, polymerized to create various fibril sizes and densities, and copolymerized into a wide array of composite scaffolds. Here, we review approaches that have been used to tune collagen to better recapitulate physiological environments for use in tissue engineering applications and studies of basic cell behavior. We discuss techniques to control fibril alignment, methods for cross-linking collagen constructs to modulate stiffness, and composite collagen constructs to better mimic physiological extracellular matrix.
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297
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Salierno MJ, García-Fernandez L, Carabelos N, Kiefer K, García AJ, del Campo A. Phototriggered fibril-like environments arbitrate cell escapes and migration from endothelial monolayers. Biomaterials 2015; 82:113-23. [PMID: 26757258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell detachment and migration from the endothelium occurs during vasculogenesis and also in pathological states. Here, we use a novel approach to trigger single cell release from an endothelial monolayer by in-situ opening of adhesive, fibril-like environment using light-responsive ligands and scanning lasers. Cell escapes from the monolayer were observed on the fibril-like adhesive tracks with 3-15 μm width. The frequency of endothelial cell escapes increased monotonically with the fibril width and with the density of the light-activated adhesive ligand. Interestingly, treatment with VEGF induced cohesiveness within the cell layer, preventing cell leaks. When migrating through the tracks, cells presented body lateral reduction and nuclear deformation imposed by the line width and dependent on myosin contractility. Cell migration mode changed from mesenchymal to amoeboid-like when the adhesive tracks narrowed (≤5 μm). Moreover, cell nucleus was shrunk showing packed DNA on lines narrower than the nuclear dimensions in a mechanisms intimately associated with the stress fibers. This platform allows the detailed study of escapes and migratory transitions of cohesive cells, which are relevant processes in development and during diseases such as organ fibrosis and carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo J Salierno
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, CABA, Argentina.
| | | | - Noelia Carabelos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - Karin Kiefer
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Aránzazu del Campo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany; INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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298
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Abstract
Much progress in understanding cell migration has been determined by using classic two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture platforms. However, increasingly, it is appreciated that certain properties of cell migration
in vivo are not represented by strictly 2D assays. There is much interest in creating relevant three-dimensional (3D) culture environments and engineered platforms to better represent features of the extracellular matrix and stromal microenvironment that are not captured in 2D platforms. Important to this goal is a solid understanding of the features of the extracellular matrix—composition, stiffness, topography, and alignment—in different tissues and disease states and the development of means to capture these features
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Keely
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, UW Carbone Cancer Center, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amrinder Nain
- 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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299
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Doyle AD, Carvajal N, Jin A, Matsumoto K, Yamada KM. Local 3D matrix microenvironment regulates cell migration through spatiotemporal dynamics of contractility-dependent adhesions. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8720. [PMID: 26548801 PMCID: PMC4643399 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical properties of two-dimensional (2D) extracellular matrices (ECMs) modulate cell adhesion dynamics and motility, but little is known about the roles of local microenvironmental differences in three-dimensional (3D) ECMs. Here we generate 3D collagen gels of varying matrix microarchitectures to characterize their regulation of 3D adhesion dynamics and cell migration. ECMs containing bundled fibrils demonstrate enhanced local adhesion-scale stiffness and increased adhesion stability through balanced ECM/adhesion coupling, whereas highly pliable reticular matrices promote adhesion retraction. 3D adhesion dynamics are locally regulated by ECM rigidity together with integrin/ECM association and myosin II contractility. Unlike 2D migration, abrogating contractility stalls 3D migration regardless of ECM pore size. We find force is not required for clustering of activated integrins on 3D native collagen fibrils. We propose that efficient 3D migration requires local balancing of contractility with ECM stiffness to stabilize adhesions, which facilitates the detachment of activated integrins from ECM fibrils. Little is known about how the physical properties of three dimensional (3D) extracellular matrices modulate cell adhesion dynamics. Here Doyle et al. generate 3D collagen gels of varying microarchitecture and quantify the effect on adhesion dynamics and cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Doyle
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Nicole Carvajal
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Albert Jin
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kazue Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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300
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Doyle AD, Yamada KM. Mechanosensing via cell-matrix adhesions in 3D microenvironments. Exp Cell Res 2015; 343:60-66. [PMID: 26524505 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment plays a central role in cell migration by providing physiochemical information that influences overall cell behavior. Much of this external information is accessed by direct interaction of the cell with ECM ligands and structures via integrin-based adhesions that are hypothesized to act as mechanosensors for testing the surrounding microenvironment. Our current understanding of these mechanical complexes is derived primarily from studies of cellular adhesions formed on two-dimensional (2D) substrates in vitro. Yet the rules of cell/ECM engagement and mechanosensing in three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments are invariably more complex under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Here we review the current understanding of how cellular mechanosensing occurs through adhesion complexes within 3D microenvironments and discuss how these mechanisms can vary and differ from interactions on 2D substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Doyle
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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