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de Sousa LG, Liu S, Bhosale P, Altan M, Darbonne W, Schulze K, Dervin S, Yun C, Mahvash A, Verma A, Futreal A, Gite S, Cuentas EP, Cho WC, Wistuba I, Yao JC, Woodman SE, Halperin DM, Ferrarotto R. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in advanced Merkel cell carcinoma: A prospective study. Oral Oncol 2024; 151:106747. [PMID: 38460288 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- L Guimaraes de Sousa
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Bhosale
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Altan
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Darbonne
- Roche/Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Schulze
- Roche/Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Dervin
- Roche/Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Yun
- Roche/Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Mahvash
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Verma
- Department of Pathology, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Gite
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Parra Cuentas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W C Cho
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J C Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S E Woodman
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D M Halperin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - R Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Ghoshal A, Verma A, Bhaskar A, Dwivedi VP. The uncharted territory of host-pathogen interaction in tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339467. [PMID: 38312835 PMCID: PMC10834760 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) effectively manipulates the host processes to establish the deadly respiratory disease, Tuberculosis (TB). M.tb has developed key mechanisms to disrupt the host cell health to combat immune responses and replicate efficaciously. M.tb antigens such as ESAT-6, 19kDa lipoprotein, Hip1, and Hsp70 destroy the integrity of cell organelles (Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Nucleus, Phagosomes) or delay innate/adaptive cell responses. This is followed by the induction of cellular stress responses in the host. Such cells can either undergo various cell death processes such as apoptosis or necrosis, or mount effective immune responses to clear the invading pathogen. Further, to combat the infection progression, the host secretes extracellular vesicles such as exosomes to initiate immune signaling. The exosomes can contain M.tb as well as host cell-derived peptides that can act as a double-edged sword in the immune signaling event. The host-symbiont microbiota produces various metabolites that are beneficial for maintaining healthy tissue microenvironment. In juxtaposition to the above-mentioned mechanisms, M.tb dysregulates the gut and respiratory microbiome to support its replication and dissemination process. The above-mentioned interconnected host cellular processes of Immunometabolism, Cellular stress, Host Microbiome, and Extracellular vesicles are less explored in the realm of exploration of novel Host-directed therapies for TB. Therefore, this review highlights the intertwined host cellular processes to control M.tb survival and showcases the important factors that can be targeted for designing efficacious therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Verma A, Pasricha N, Chaudhary A, Bhatnagar R, Sthapak E, Gaharwar A. Interactive Quiz-Based Anatomy Teaching for Medical Undergraduate Students. Cureus 2024; 16:e52353. [PMID: 38361686 PMCID: PMC10867596 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anatomy is one of the most volatile subjects and needs the learner to understand and retain a lot of information and terms. It is thus very important to continuously upgrade the methodology from the traditional didactive to interactive teaching to make the student an active learner and engage him in the learning process to categorize and analyze anatomical facts and knowledge. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The study was done to compare the learning outcomes and perception of medical students towards didactic lectures and interactive quiz-based lectures in anatomy. METHODOLOGY The study was conducted amongst the 200 Year 1 medical undergraduate students enrolled in the Department of Anatomy at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, located in Lucknow, India. The 200 students comprised 120 males (60%) and 80 females (40%). The mean age of male students was 19.67 years and of females was 19.52 years. The students were divided into two groups of hundred students each by a method of convenience sampling. Students of group I were taught by an interactive quiz-based lecture and group II by a traditional didactic lecture. A pre- and post-test were conducted for both groups and feedback for both methods was taken by using a pre-validated feedback form based on a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS On statistical analysis, it was found that in the post-test the performance of group I taught by the interactive quiz-based study was better as compared to group II taught by traditional didactive teaching, but was not statistically significant (p=0.233, p>0.05). The feedback from students revealed that 45.9% of them strongly agreed and 44.9% agreed with the fact that quiz-based lectures are better than routine lectures. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study clearly indicate that the introduction of quiz-based anatomy teaching for undergraduate medical students was well received and appeared to improve their learning outcomes in the form of increased attention and participation during class and would lead to better retention of the topics taught during interactive lectures. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has been done to document the efficacy of quiz-based teaching for the subject of anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Verma
- Anatomy, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| | - Navbir Pasricha
- Anatomy, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| | - Amit Chaudhary
- General Medicine, T.S. Misra Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, IND
| | - Rajan Bhatnagar
- Anatomy, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| | - Eti Sthapak
- Anatomy, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| | - Anamika Gaharwar
- Anatomy, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
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Greenhalgh C, Williams G, Harrison A, Garrow A, Mitchell S, Verma A. Modified realist evaluation of a complex, multi-centred, multi-intervention programme. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:i5-i9. [PMID: 38127565 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Well North was a complex, multi-intervention health improvement programme spanning 10 sites across the North of England. The aim was to address inequalities by improving the health of the poorest fastest, increasing resilience and reducing levels of worklessness. The intention of the programme was for all sites to have freedom and flexibility to conduct different interventions reflecting local priorities. Evaluation ran concurrently with the programme, and an iterative approach was required to ensure constant feedback, allowing the programme to be adapted and improved as necessary. Realist methodology was chosen for evaluation, as it provides insight into what works, for whom and in what circumstances. Due to the complex nature of the programme and diverse approaches, it was necessary to adapt the methodology to meet the needs of the evaluation. The Evaluation Team utilized a range of qualitative and quantitative techniques within the context of a Rapid Cycle Evaluation framework. For each project, Contexts, Mechanisms and Outcomes (CMOs) were identified at three stages and were incorporated into the CMO configuration, leading to the development of a middle range theory. Validation and testing of theory took place at every stage. Realist methodology was the most appropriate existing method. However, it still necessitated modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Greenhalgh
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - G Williams
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - A Harrison
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - A Garrow
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - S Mitchell
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - A Verma
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Bourke M, Patterson L, Di Nardo F, Whittaker P, Verma A. Active video games and weight management in overweight children and adolescents-systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:935-946. [PMID: 37496202 PMCID: PMC10788842 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing for several decades. Active video games (AVG) may be an effective intervention to help manage this rising health crisis. The aim of this review is to evaluate whether AVG are effective at reducing weight or improving body composition in overweight youths. METHOD Medline, Embase, SportDiscus, ASSIA, CINAHL Plus, CENTRAL, CDSR and PsychINFO databases were searched for studies assessing quantitative or qualitative impact of AVG in overweight adolescents published in English. Three authors screened the results using inclusion/exclusion criteria. RESULTS A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria; 11 reported a significant decrease in at least one weight outcome. Results from seven randomized controlled trials were pooled by meta-analysis, which compared with controls subjects in AVG groups demonstrated greater body mass index (BMI) Z-score reduction (mean difference: -0.09 (-0.12, -0.05) I2 = 34%, P < 0.0001). The mean weight reduction (-2.66 Kg (-5.67, +0.35) I2 = 0%, P = 0.08) and BMI (-2.29 (-4.81, +0.22) I2 = 49%, P = 0.07) were greater in AVG groups but results did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS BMI Z-score was significantly reduced in the AVG group and the majority of included studies reported significant results in at least one weight outcome, suggesting AVG can be used to reduce weight or improve body composition in overweight youths. Further studies investigating the long-term sustainability of this change in body composition are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bourke
- Institute of Population Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - L Patterson
- Institute of Population Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - F Di Nardo
- Institute of Population Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - P Whittaker
- Institute of Population Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - A Verma
- Institute of Population Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Choi S, Whitman MA, Shimpi AA, Sempertegui ND, Chiou AE, Druso JE, Verma A, Lux SC, Cheng Z, Paszek M, Elemento O, Estroff LA, Fischbach C. Bone-matrix mineralization dampens integrin-mediated mechanosignalling and metastatic progression in breast cancer. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1455-1472. [PMID: 37550422 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
In patients with breast cancer, lower bone mineral density increases the risk of bone metastasis. Although the relationship between bone-matrix mineralization and tumour-cell phenotype in breast cancer is not well understood, mineralization-induced rigidity is thought to drive metastatic progression via increased cell-adhesion forces. Here, by using collagen-based matrices with adjustable intrafibrillar mineralization, we show that, unexpectedly, matrix mineralization dampens integrin-mediated mechanosignalling and induces a less proliferative stem-cell-like phenotype in breast cancer cells. In mice with xenografted decellularized physiological bone matrices seeded with human breast tumour cells, the presence of bone mineral reduced tumour growth and upregulated a gene-expression signature that is associated with longer metastasis-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Our findings suggest that bone-matrix changes in osteogenic niches regulate metastatic progression in breast cancer and that in vitro models of bone metastasis should integrate organic and inorganic matrix components to mimic physiological and pathologic mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyoung Choi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew A Whitman
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Adrian A Shimpi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nicole D Sempertegui
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Aaron E Chiou
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Joseph E Druso
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie C Lux
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhu Cheng
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Patel M G, Shah U, Jane A, Sapcota S, Verma A, Shankar S. UNDERSTANDING THE LONG-TERM INTERPLAY BETWEEN GLUCOCORTICOIDS, PARATHYROID HORMONE LEVELS, AND OSTEOPOROSIS IN PATIENTS. Georgian Med News 2023:21-25. [PMID: 37991951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Drugs called glucocorticoids (GC) are often prescribed for both inpatient and outpatient settings. They are often used to treat a number of disorders due to their anti-inflammatory activity. Long-term use of GCs, especially long-term high-dose administrations, may result in a variety of negative effects. In Hilla City, Babylon Governorate of Iraq, Merjan Teaching Hospital, Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital's Joint Enology Clinic, and Al-Imam Al-Sadiq Hospital, were the sites of this case-control research, which was carried out. There were 100 total participants in this trial, of whom 50 were patients with osteoporosis (OP). The ages of the patients and the control collection were. They were chosen since their gender and ages matched. The findings show extensively senior level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in OP patients when compared to the control group, whereas calcium (Ca) level into the patient group significantly lowered during association toward the manage set. In summary, there is a positive correlation between PTH and the condition of bone mineralization. In those who use GCs for a long time, PTH may be used as a prognostic marker to predict when bone mineral abnormalities would develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Patel M
- 1Department of Community Medicine, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal.Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - U Shah
- 2Department of Genetics, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - A Jane
- 3Department of Nursing, IIMT University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Sapcota
- 4Department of Ayurveda, Sanskriti University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Verma
- 5College of Pharmacy, TeerthankerMahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sh Shankar
- 6Department of General Medicine, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
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Pahuja I, Verma A, Ghoshal A, Mukhopadhyay S, Kumari A, Shaji A, Chaturvedi S, Dwivedi VP, Bhaskar A. Biapenem, a Carbapenem Antibiotic, Elicits Mycobacteria Specific Immune Responses and Reduces the Recurrence of Tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0085823. [PMID: 37272833 PMCID: PMC10434282 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00858-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) still tops the list of global health burdens even after COVID-19. However, it will sooner transcend the current pandemic due to the prevailing risk of reactivation of latent TB in immunocompromised individuals. The indiscriminate misuse and overuse of antibiotics have resulted in the emergence of deadly drug-resistant variants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). This study aims to characterize the functionality of the carbapenem antibiotic-Biapenem (BPM) in generating long-lasting immunity against TB. BPM treatment significantly boosted the activation status of the innate immune arm-macrophages by augmenting p38 signaling. Macrophages further primed and activated the adaptive immune cells CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the lung and spleen of the infected mice model. Furthermore, BPM treatment significantly amplified the polarization of T lymphocytes toward inflammatory subsets, such as Th1 and Th17. The treatment also helped generate a long-lived central memory T-cell subset. The generation of central memory T lymphocyte subset upon BPM treatment in the murine model led to a significant curtailing in the recurrence of TB due to reactivation and reinfection. These results suggest the potentiality of BPM as a potent adjunct immunomodulator to improve host defense against M.tb by enriching long-term protective memory cells. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) tops the list of infectious killers around the globe. The emergence of drug-resistant variants of M.tb has been a major hindrance toward realizing the "END TB" goal. Drug resistance has amplified the global burden toward the quest for novel drug molecules targeting M.tb. Host-directed therapy (HDT) offers a lucrative alternative to tackle emerging drug resistance and disease relapse by strengthening the host's immunity. Through our present study, we have tried to characterize the functionality of the carbapenem antibiotic-Biapenem (BPM). BPM treatment significantly augmented long-lasting immunity against TB by boosting the innate and adaptive immune arms. The generation of long-lived central memory T lymphocyte subset significantly improved the disease outcome and provided sterilizing immunity in the murine model of TB. The present investigation's encouraging results have helped us depict BPM as a potent adjunct immunomodulator for treating TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Pahuja
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Antara Ghoshal
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Suparba Mukhopadhyay
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjna Kumari
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aishwarya Shaji
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Chaturvedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashima Bhaskar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Jane A, Vyas M, Kumar A, Verma A, Giresha A, Patel J D. LIVER FIBROSIS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND EMERGING THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR A COMMON COMPLICATION OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES. Georgian Med News 2023:93-100. [PMID: 37805881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis of the liver, which can be caused by either viral or chemical chronic liver illnesses, is a serious issue for the world's health. Collagen is crucial for the development of the illness and the possibility of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is linked to the progression of liver damage. Although there are various mechanisms for acute liver injury and diseases-specific cells response, almost all of fatty liver aetiologies share similar trends in the development of fibrous liver damage. The scientific community's knowledge of the fundamental causes of fibrosis of the liver has undergone a significant shift during the last ten years. It has been shown that the fundamental trigger, such as the control or management of an infectious disease, can be eradicated or eliminated in order to reverse liver fibrosis. Reversing frequently occurs prematurely or too rarely, particularly in severe fibrosis, to avoid possibly fatal effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for anti-fibrotic medications to halt the progression of liver damage and the appearance of HCC. Even though various anti-fibrotic medication options have shown strong anti-fibrotic effects in lab animals, research studies have only seen a small amount or none of these advantages. There is not an approved remedy for the condition as a result. In this article, we give a general overview of the physiological and molecular origins of collagen in chronic liver disease and investigate how these causes can impact the quickly developing field of anti-fibrotic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jane
- 1Department of Nursing, IIMT University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Vyas
- 2Department of Ayurveda, Sanskriti University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Kumar
- 3Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - A Verma
- 4College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Giresha
- 5Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - D Patel J
- 6Department of Pharmacology, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Pati D, Mittal P, Verma A, Patel J D, Asha K, Pundir K. PSORIASIS PATHOGENESIS: INSIGHTS FROM TRANSCRIPTOMICS AND PROTEOMICS STUDIES OF KERATINOCYTES. Georgian Med News 2023:205-211. [PMID: 37805899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Complex inflammatory skin disease with autoimmune roots is psoriasis. This disease affects various cell types, and the underlying signaling processes are complicated yet not fully understood. Extensive psoriatic lesions' proteome and transcriptome of several researches were combined to understand disease's underlying biological mechanisms. According to a network-based study, both transcriptomics and proteomics control were comparable. They discovered many pathways of signaling previously undiscovered and possibly involved in overexpression of psoriasis genes. They also found a collection of transcription factors in charge of this process. The functional overlap between the results of transcriptomics and proteomics was also examined. There created a network-based method for combining the analysis of many high-throughput data sources. Proteomic and transcriptome studies of psoriasis data sets demonstrated regulatory flexibility apparatus underpinning disease and complementary relationships within two cellular organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pati
- 1Department of Ayurveda, Sanskriti University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Mittal
- 2College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Verma
- 3Department of Dermatology, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | - D Patel J
- 4Department of Pharmacology, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal.Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - K Asha
- 5Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - K Pundir
- 6Department of Nursing, IIMT University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bhaskar A, Pahuja I, Negi K, Verma A, Ghoshal A, Mathew B, Tripathi G, Maras JS, Chaturvedi S, Dwivedi VP. SIRT2 inhibition by AGK2 enhances mycobacteria-specific stem cell memory responses by modulating beta-catenin and glycolysis. iScience 2023; 26:106644. [PMID: 37192966 PMCID: PMC10182326 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) generates limited long-lasting adaptive memory responses leading to short-lived protection against adult pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Here, we show that host sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) inhibition by AGK2 significantly enhances the BCG vaccine efficacy during primary infection and TB recurrence through enhanced stem cell memory (TSCM) responses. SIRT2 inhibition modulated the proteome landscape of CD4+ T cells affecting pathways involved in cellular metabolism and T-cell differentiation. Precisely, AGK2 treatment enriched the IFNγ-producing TSCM cells by activating β-catenin and glycolysis. Furthermore, SIRT2 specifically targeted histone H3 and NF-κB p65 to induce proinflammatory responses. Finally, inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway abolished the protective effects of AGK2 treatment during BCG vaccination. Taken together, this study provides a direct link between BCG vaccination, epigenetics, and memory immune responses. We identify SIRT2 as a key regulator of memory T cells during BCG vaccination and project SIRT2 inhibitors as potential immunoprophylaxis against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Bhaskar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Isha Pahuja
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kriti Negi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Antara Ghoshal
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Babu Mathew
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh Maras
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Chaturvedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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12
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Devi A, Pahuja I, Singh SP, Verma A, Bhattacharya D, Bhaskar A, Dwivedi VP, Das G. Revisiting the role of mesenchymal stem cells in tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:600-612. [PMID: 37173422 PMCID: PMC10176304 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play diverse roles ranging from regeneration and wound healing to immune signaling. Recent investigations have indicated the crucial role of these multipotent stem cells in regulating various aspects of the immune system. MSCs express unique signaling molecules and secrete various soluble factors that play critical roles in modulating and shaping immune responses, and in some other cases, MSCs can also exert direct antimicrobial effects, thereby helping with the eradication of invading organisms. Recently, it has been demonstrated that MSCs are recruited at the periphery of the granuloma containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and exert "Janus"-like functions by harboring pathogens and mediating host protective immune responses. This leads to the establishment of a dynamic balance between the host and the pathogen. MSCs function through various immunomodulatory factors such as nitric oxide (NO), IDO, and immunosuppressive cytokines. Recently, our group has shown that M.tb uses MSCs as a niche to evade host protective immune surveillance mechanisms and establish dormancy. MSCs also express a large number of ABC efflux pumps; therefore, dormant M.tb residing in MSCs are exposed to a suboptimal dose of drugs. Therefore, it is highly likely that drug resistance is coupled with dormancy and originates within MSCs. In this review, we discussed various immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, their interactions with important immune cells, and soluble factors. We also discussed the possible roles of MSCs in the outcome of multiple infections and in shaping the immune system, which may provide insight into therapeutic approaches using these cells in different infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Devi
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Isha Pahuja
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Prakash Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ashima Bhaskar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Gobardhan Das
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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Saraf M, Thakur DS, Mahant R, Verma A, Somashekar U, Sharma D. Primary sphincter repair after fistulectomy: A simple and safe option for complex fistula-in-ano. Trop Doct 2023:494755231157108. [PMID: 37113074 DOI: 10.1177/00494755231157108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Complete tract excision for complex fistula-in-ano, where the sphincter, is divided is increasingly being followed by immediate sphincter repair. We concluded, by a prospective study conducted on 60 consecutive patients, that this procedure is feasible and safe, and polydioxanone and polyglactin 910 in repair result in a comparable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saraf
- Department of Surgery, NSCB Medical College, Garha, Jabalpur, MP, India
| | - D S Thakur
- Department of Surgery, NSCB Medical College, Garha, Jabalpur, MP, India
| | - R Mahant
- Department of Surgery, NSCB Medical College, Garha, Jabalpur, MP, India
| | - A Verma
- Department of Surgery, NSCB Medical College, Garha, Jabalpur, MP, India
| | - U Somashekar
- Department of Surgery, NSCB Medical College, Garha, Jabalpur, MP, India
| | - D Sharma
- Department of Surgery, NSCB Medical College, Garha, Jabalpur, MP, India
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Phillips AF, Zhang R, Verma A, Feinberg T, Jaffe M, Carty MC, Schulz R, Bettigole S, Andreu C, Drutman S, Su M, Cogan D, Eng CH. Abstract 517: Targeting chromosomally unstable tumors with a selective KIF18A inhibitor. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) is an attribute of cancer cells that has yet to be fully exploited therapeutically, despite its prevalence across many tumor types and lack of occurrence in normal cells. To identify genes uniquely essential to CINhigh cells, we mined the Cancer Dependency map (DepMap) for genes required for proliferation of tumor cell lines with high levels of copy number aberrations, an indicator of CIN. This analysis identified KIF18A, a mitotic kinesin also identified by others as a vulnerability of aneuploid and whole genome doubled cells. Genetic disruption of KIF18A with RNAi confirmed its necessity in CINhigh cells, and these findings translated to in vivo reduction in tumor growth, illustrating the potential of KIF18A as a therapeutic target.
High-throughput screening of a chemical library for inhibitors of KIF18A motor domain’s ATPase activity identified an ATP-noncompetitive hit that was optimized for potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties. These optimized inhibitors are orally bioavailable, exhibit sub-nM potency, and are highly selective for KIF18A vs. other kinesins. They also display a long drug-target residence time, a unique property that allows cells to be trapped in mitosis long enough to result in cell death. Mechanistically, inhibition of KIF18A’s ATPase activity renders KIF18A unable to localize to the metaphase plate, instead becoming trapped at the spindle poles. This inability to translocate results in defects in chromosome congression, evidenced by a less compact metaphase plate, and an accumulation of cells in G2/M. Treatment of CIN cancer cells with these inhibitors results in a proliferative defect due in part to induction of programmed cell death. In contrast to the effect in cancer cells, KIF18A inhibition has no effect on rapidly proliferating non-transformed epithelial cells and primary T cells.
The differential impact between normal and cancer cells sets KIF18A inhibitors apart from other anti-mitotic therapies, which have had limited clinical benefit due to their detrimental impact on both cancer and highly proliferative normal cells. The therapeutic potential of KIF18A inhibitors was assessed in human tumor xenograft models. Treatment of multiple tumor models resulted in substantial, dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth. KIF18A inhibition in the tumor was confirmed through evaluation of KIF18A localization changes, chromosome congression and an increase in mitotic index. The strong biological rationale, robust preclinical data, and superior compound properties warrant clinical development of Volastra’s KIF18A inhibitor which is planned for development for the treatment of chromosomally unstable cancers.
Citation Format: Aaron F. Phillips, Rumin Zhang, Akanksha Verma, Tamar Feinberg, Mia Jaffe, Marysol Chu Carty, Ryan Schulz, Sarah Bettigole, Celia Andreu, Scott Drutman, Michael Su, Derek Cogan, Christina H. Eng. Targeting chromosomally unstable tumors with a selective KIF18A inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 517.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mia Jaffe
- 1Volastra Therapeutics, New York, NY
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Vukovic S, You X, Roberts S, Razak F, Verma A, Targownik L. A215 EVALUATING THE COMPARABILITY OF CARE FOR PERSONS ADMITTED TO TORONTO AREA HOSPITALS WITH ACUTE SEVERE ULCERATIVE COLITIS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991339 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 20% of patients with ulcerative colitis will experience an acute severe exacerbation requiring hospitalization. Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a medical emergency associated with significant morbidity and a mortality rate of 1%. Timely initiation of treatment and assessment of clinical response is critical in the management of ASUC. With an aim to reduce treatment variability and improve outcomes, multiple gastrointestinal societies have published guidelines highlighting recommendations for optimal care in ASUC. It remains unclear how closely these guidelines are implemented in clinical practice. Measuring adherence to these recommended processes of care may act as a surrogate measure for quality of care and a way to indirectly evaluate outcomes in the management of patients with ASUC. Studies have shown that even amongst experienced providers practice pattern variability exists. Identifying significant variations in the management of patients with ASUC will highlight where improvement in guideline dissemination and greater adherence is required. Purpose We sought to evaluate how quality of care indicators varied across 7 hospital sites for patients admitted ASUC in the Greater Toronto Area. Method Using GEMINI, a research collaborative that collects and analyses data from inpatient admissions at 7 Toronto area hospitals, we identified patients admitted to hospital with ASUC from June 2016-December 2019. Hospital sites were further categorized into 3 hospital types; 1 IBD specialty centre (ISC), 3 other academic centres (AC) and 3 community centres (CC). Process measures assessed included proportion tested for C-reactive protein at baseline and following treatment initiation, duration of corticosteroid use, timing and initiation of biologic agents, rates of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and opioid use. Outcome measures included hospital length of stay, rates of colectomy and mortality. Result(s) 765 hospitalizations were included in the study; 320 occurring at ISC, 308 at AC and 137 at CC. Corticosteroid use on admission were highest at the ISC at 78% compared to 64% at AC and 63% at CC (p <0.001). Among those who received steroids on admission, 47% of patients remained on intravenous corticosteroids for at least 5 days in the ISC compared to 39% in AC and 75% in CC (p< 0.001). Initiation of biologic rescue therapy was highest at the ISC occurring in 37% of hospitalizations compared to 22% in AC and 23% in CC (p<0.001). In addition, VTE prophylaxis rates were highest at the ISC at 83% followed by 60% in AC and 45% in CC (p<0.001). Rates of colectomy were highest at ISC (12% of hospitalizations vs. 7% in AC). Conclusion(s) Greater adherence to indicators of quality of care were seen at the ISC compared to ACs and CCs, although patient outcomes assessed were not clearly different between sites. Further strategies are required to improve adherence to markers of quality care for patients admitted with ASUC. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below None Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vukovic
- Internal Medicine, University of Toronto
| | - X You
- Internal Medicine, St. Michael's-Unity Health
| | - S Roberts
- Internal Medicine, St. Michael's-Unity Health
| | - F Razak
- Internal Medicine, St. Michael's-Unity Health
| | - A Verma
- Internal Medicine, St. Michael's-Unity Health
| | - L Targownik
- Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Nasrullah A, Sharma A, Hamza A, Ramanujam D, Shah S, Virk S, Shah A, Javed A, Garg I, Saa L, Verma A, Faturous A, Assaf S, DiSilvio B, Sheikh AB. Gender differences in pulmonology and critical care authorship and editorial boards. Curr Med Res Opin 2023; 39:375-381. [PMID: 36708311 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2023.2174329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to characterize the gender distribution of first authors, senior authors, and editorial board members across several high-impact factor journals in PCCM. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we analysed gender disparities in critical care authorship and editorial boards, based on publications from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021 from the top 20 high impact journals based on the Journal of Citation Reports. RESULTS Among 20 journals (median impact factor of 6.66), 25% of editors-in-chief and 28.8% of editorial board members were female. From 2019 to 2021, a total of 23,994 articles were published. Female first authors and last authors made up 29.1% and 21.2% of the authorship, respectively (n = 6637 articles). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates significant gender disparities in critical care authorship and editorial boards, with males predominantly filling the roles of editors in chief, editorial members, and first and senior authors. Despite this significant difference in gender distribution, there was no statistically significant correlation between authorship and editor gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Nasrullah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alisha Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amina Hamza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deeksha Ramanujam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sana Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Agha Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shiza Virk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aaisha Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anam Javed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ishan Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lisa Saa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Andrew Faturous
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sara Assaf
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Briana DiSilvio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abu Baker Sheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Verma A, Hoppenrath M, Smith KF, Murray JS, Harwood DT, Hosking JM, Rongo T, Rhodes LL, Murray SA. Ostreopsis Schmidt and Coolia Meunier (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales) from Cook Islands and Niue (South Pacific Ocean), including description of Ostreopsis tairoto sp. nov. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3110. [PMID: 36813881 PMCID: PMC9947023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to decipher the diversity and distribution of benthic dinoflagellates, as there are many morphologically indistinct taxa that differ from one another in production of potent toxins. To date, the genus Ostreopsis comprises twelve described species, of which seven are potentially toxic and produce compounds presenting a threat to human and environmental health. In this study, isolates previously identified as "Ostreopsis sp. 3" were sampled from the area where it was first reported, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, and have been taxonomically and phylogenetically characterised as Ostreopsis tairoto sp. nov. Phylogenetically, the species is closely related to "Ostreopsis sp. 8", O. mascarenensis, "O. sp. 4", O. fattorussoi, O. rhodesiae and O. cf. siamensis. Previously, it was considered a part of the O. cf. ovata complex but can be distinguished from O. cf. ovata based on the small pores identified on this study, and from O. fattorussoi and O. rhodesiae based on relative lengths of the 2' plates. No known palytoxin -like compounds were detected in strains investigated in this study. Strains of O. lenticularis, Coolia malayensis and C. tropicalis were also identified and described. This study advances our knowledge of biogeography, distribution, and toxins of Ostreopsis and Coolia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Verma
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - M. Hoppenrath
- grid.500026.10000 0004 0487 6958Senckenberg am Meer, German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Südstrand 44, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - K. F. Smith
- grid.418703.90000 0001 0740 4700Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010 New Zealand
| | - J. S. Murray
- grid.418703.90000 0001 0740 4700Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010 New Zealand
| | - D. T. Harwood
- grid.418703.90000 0001 0740 4700Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010 New Zealand
| | - J. M. Hosking
- Te Ipukarea Society, PO Box 649, Rarotonga, Cook Islands
| | - T. Rongo
- Kōrero O Te `Ōrau, Avarua, PO Box 881, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands
| | - L. L. Rhodes
- grid.418703.90000 0001 0740 4700Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010 New Zealand
| | - S. A. Murray
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
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Singh A, Choudhary S, Aggrawal L, Verma A, Mourya A, Agarwal S. 18P Prospective randomized comparison of quality of life in locally advanced cervical cancer treated with intracavitary or interstitial brachytherapy. ESMO Open 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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19
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Crowley MJP, Bhinder B, Markowitz GJ, Martin M, Verma A, Sandoval TA, Chae CS, Yomtoubian S, Hu Y, Chopra S, Tavarez DA, Giovanelli P, Gao D, McGraw TE, Altorki NK, Elemento O, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Mittal V. Tumor-intrinsic IRE1α signaling controls protective immunity in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:120. [PMID: 36624093 PMCID: PMC9829901 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IRE1α-XBP1 signaling is emerging as a central orchestrator of malignant progression and immunosuppression in various cancer types. Employing a computational XBP1s detection method applied to TCGA datasets, we demonstrate that expression of the XBP1s mRNA isoform predicts poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Ablation of IRE1α in malignant cells delays tumor progression and extends survival in mouse models of NSCLC. This protective effect is accompanied by alterations in intratumoral immune cell subsets eliciting durable adaptive anti-cancer immunity. Mechanistically, cancer cell-intrinsic IRE1α activation sustains mPGES-1 expression, enabling production of the immunosuppressive lipid mediator prostaglandin E2. Accordingly, restoring mPGES-1 expression in IRE1αKO cancer cells rescues normal tumor progression. We have developed an IRE1α gene signature that predicts immune cell infiltration and overall survival in human NSCLC. Our study unveils an immunoregulatory role for cancer cell-intrinsic IRE1α activation and suggests that targeting this pathway may help enhance anti-tumor immunity in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J P Crowley
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Bhavneet Bhinder
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Geoffrey J Markowitz
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NYk, 10065, USA
| | - Mitchell Martin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Volastra Therapeutics, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Tito A Sandoval
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chang-Suk Chae
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shira Yomtoubian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sahil Chopra
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Vertex Ventures HC, 345 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94306, USA
| | - Diamile A Tavarez
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Paolo Giovanelli
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dingcheng Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NYk, 10065, USA
| | - Timothy E McGraw
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nasser K Altorki
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th street, New York, NYk, 10065, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th street, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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20
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Berry S, Chubb B, Acs A, Falla E, Verma A, Malkin SJP, Hunt B, Palmer AJ. Calibration of the IQVIA Core Diabetes Model to the stroke outcomes from the SUSTAIN 6 cardiovascular outcomes trial of once-weekly semaglutide. J Med Econ 2023; 26:1019-1031. [PMID: 37525970 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2023.2240957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In the SUSTAIN 6 cardiovascular outcomes trial, once-weekly semaglutide was associated with a statistically significant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events compared with placebo. To date, no studies have assessed how accurately existing diabetes models predict the outcomes observed in SUSTAIN 6. The aims of this analysis were to investigate the performance of the IQVIA Core Diabetes Model when used to predict the SUSTAIN 6 trial outcomes, to calibrate the model such that projected outcomes reflected observed outcomes, and to examine the impact of calibration on the cost-effectiveness of once-weekly semaglutide from a UK healthcare payer perspective. METHODS The IQVIA Core Diabetes Model was calibrated to ensure that the projected non-fatal stroke event rates reflected the non-fatal stroke event rates observed in SUSTAIN 6 over a two-year time horizon. Cost-effectiveness analyses of once-weekly semaglutide versus placebo plus standard of care were conducted over a lifetime horizon using the uncalibrated and calibrated models to assess the impact on cost-effectiveness outcomes. RESULTS To replicate the non-fatal stroke event rate in SUSTAIN 6, calibration of the model through the application of relative risks for stroke of 1.07 and 1.65 with once-weekly semaglutide and placebo, respectively, was required. In the long-term cost-effectiveness analysis, the uncalibrated model projected an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for once-weekly semaglutide versus placebo plus standard of care of GBP 22,262 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, which fell to GBP 17,594 per QALY gained when the calibrated model was used. CONCLUSIONS The requirement for calibration to replicate the outcomes observed in SUSTAIN 6 suggests that the reductions in risk of cardiovascular complications observed with once-weekly semaglutide cannot be solely explained by differences in conventional risk factors. Accurate estimation of the risk of diabetes-related complications using methods such as calibration is important to ensure accurate cost-effectiveness analyses are conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edel Falla
- IQVIA Ltd., Real World Solutions, London, UK
| | | | | | - Barnaby Hunt
- Ossian Health Economics and Communications, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Palmer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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21
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Verma A, Ghoshal A, Dwivedi VP, Bhaskar A. Tuberculosis: The success tale of less explored dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1079569. [PMID: 36619761 PMCID: PMC9813417 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1079569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is an intracellular pathogen that predominantly affects the alveolar macrophages in the respiratory tract. Upon infection, the activation of TLR2 and TLR4- mediated signaling pathways leads to lysosomal degradation of the bacteria. However, bacterium counteracts the host immune cells and utilizes them as a cellular niche for its survival. One distinctive mechanism of M.tb to limit the host stress responses such as hypoxia and nutrient starvation is induction of dormancy. As the environmental conditions become favorable, the bacteria resuscitate, resulting in a relapse of clinical symptoms. Different bacterial proteins play a critical role in maintaining the state of dormancy and resuscitation, namely, DevR (DosS), Hrp1, DATIN and RpfA-D, RipA, etc., respectively. Existing knowledge regarding the key proteins associated with dormancy and resuscitation can be employed to develop novel therapies. In this review we aim to highlight the current knowledge of bacterial progression from dormancy to resuscitation and the gaps in understanding the transition from dormant to active state. We have also focused on elucidating a few therapeutic strategies employed to prevent M.tb resuscitation.
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22
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Greenberg J, Limberg J, Verma A, Kim D, Chen X, Lee YJ, Moore MD, Ullmann TM, Thiesmeyer JW, Loewenstein Z, Chen KJ, Egan CE, Stefanova D, Bareja R, Zarnegar R, Finnerty BM, Scognamiglio T, Du YCN, Elemento O, Fahey TJ, Min IM. Metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors feature elevated T cell infiltration. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160130. [PMID: 36301668 PMCID: PMC9746918 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are malignancies arising from the islets of Langerhans. Therapeutic options are limited for the over 50% of patients who present with metastatic disease. We aimed to identify mechanisms to remodel the PNET tumor microenvironment (TME) to ultimately enhance susceptibility to immunotherapy. The TMEs of localized and metastatic PNETs were investigated using an approach that combines RNA-Seq, cancer and T cell profiling, and pharmacologic perturbations. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that the primary tumors of metastatic PNETs showed significant activation of inflammatory and immune-related pathways. We determined that metastatic PNETs featured increased numbers of tumor-infiltrating T cells compared with localized tumors. T cells isolated from both localized and metastatic PNETs showed evidence of recruitment and antigen-dependent activation, suggestive of an immune-permissive microenvironment. A computational analysis suggested that vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, may perturb the transcriptomic signature of metastatic PNETs. Treatment of PNET cell lines with vorinostat increased chemokine CCR5 expression by NF-κB activation. Vorinostat treatment of patient-derived metastatic PNET tissues augmented recruitment of autologous T cells, and this augmentation was substantiated in a mouse model of PNET. Pharmacologic induction of chemokine expression may represent a promising approach for enhancing the immunogenicity of metastatic PNET TMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akanksha Verma
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, and
| | - David Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rohan Bareja
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, and
| | | | | | - Theresa Scognamiglio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yi-Chieh Nancy Du
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, and
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23
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Sarkar A, Dhar S, Bera S, Chakravarti M, Verma A, Prasad P, Saha A, Bhuniya A, Guha I, Roy S, Banerjee S, Baral R, Datta D, Bose A. 213P Type-1 diabetes restricts melanoma growth by reprogramming intra-tumoral T cell metabolism. Immuno-Oncology and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Verma A, Jain P, Kumar T. An Effective Depression Diagnostic System Using Speech Signal Analysis Through Deep Learning Methods. INT J ARTIF INTELL T 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218213023400043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Martini R, Delpe P, Chu TR, Arora K, Lord B, Verma A, Bedi D, Karanam B, Elhussin I, Chen Y, Gebregzabher E, Oppong JK, Adjei EK, Jibril Suleiman A, Awuah B, Muleta MB, Abebe E, Kyei I, Aitpillah FS, Adinku MO, Ankomah K, Osei-Bonsu EB, Chitale DA, Bensenhaver JM, Nathanson DS, Jackson L, Petersen LF, Proctor E, Stonaker B, Gyan KK, Gibbs LD, Monojlovic Z, Kittles RA, White J, Yates CC, Manne U, Gardner K, Mongan N, Cheng E, Ginter P, Hoda S, Elemento O, Robine N, Sboner A, Carpten JD, Newman L, Davis MB. African Ancestry-Associated Gene Expression Profiles in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Underlie Altered Tumor Biology and Clinical Outcome in Women of African Descent. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2530-2551. [PMID: 36121736 PMCID: PMC9627137 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Women of sub-Saharan African descent have disproportionately higher incidence of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and TNBC-specific mortality across all populations. Population studies show racial differences in TNBC biology, including higher prevalence of basal-like and quadruple-negative subtypes in African Americans (AA). However, previous investigations relied on self-reported race (SRR) of primarily U.S. populations. Due to heterogeneous genetic admixture and biological consequences of social determinants, the true association of African ancestry with TNBC biology is unclear. To address this, we conducted RNA sequencing on an international cohort of AAs, as well as West and East Africans with TNBC. Using comprehensive genetic ancestry estimation in this African-enriched cohort, we found expression of 613 genes associated with African ancestry and 2,000+ associated with regional African ancestry. A subset of African-associated genes also showed differences in normal breast tissue. Pathway enrichment and deconvolution of tumor cellular composition revealed that tumor-associated immunologic profiles are distinct in patients of African descent. SIGNIFICANCE Our comprehensive ancestry quantification process revealed that ancestry-associated gene expression profiles in TNBC include population-level distinctions in immunologic landscapes. These differences may explain some differences in race-group clinical outcomes. This study shows the first definitive link between African ancestry and the TNBC immunologic landscape, from an African-enriched international multiethnic cohort. See related commentary by Hamilton et al., p. 2496. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Martini
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Princesca Delpe
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Brittany Lord
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Deepa Bedi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | | | - Isra Elhussin
- Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Yalei Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Endale Gebregzabher
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Joseph K Oppong
- Department of Surgery, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ernest K Adjei
- Department of Pathology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Aisha Jibril Suleiman
- Department of Pathology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Baffour Awuah
- Directorate of Oncology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mahteme Bekele Muleta
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Engida Abebe
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ishmael Kyei
- Department of Surgery, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frances S Aitpillah
- Department of Surgery, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Surgery, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Michael O Adinku
- Department of Surgery, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kwasi Ankomah
- Directorate of Radiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | - LaToya Jackson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Erica Proctor
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Brian Stonaker
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kofi K Gyan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Lee D Gibbs
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zarko Monojlovic
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Jason White
- Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Clayton C Yates
- Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kevin Gardner
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Nigel Mongan
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Esther Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Paula Ginter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Syed Hoda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Andrea Sboner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - John D Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisa Newman
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Melissa B Davis
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,New York Genome Center, New York, New York.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
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26
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Pandey A, Hibino M, Ha A, Quan A, Verma A, Bisleri A, Mazer CD, Verma S. Impact of diabetes and glucose-lowering therapy on post-operative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: secondary analysis of the SEARCH-AF CardioLink-1 randomized clinical trial. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) and is associated with an increased risk of complications for patients with AF. The impact of diabetes on post-operative AF after cardiac surgery is not well-defined.
Purpose
We sought to characterize the effect of diabetes, insulin, and oral hypoglycemic agents on the incidence of post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery. Accordingly, we conducted a secondary analysis of the Post-Surgical Enhanced Monitoring for Cardiac Arrhythmias and Atrial Fibrillation (SEARCH-AF) CardioLink-1 randomized trial.
Methods
In the SEARCH-AF trial, 336 patients with risk factors for stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2) and no history of preoperative AF were randomized to usual care or continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring for 30 days after discharge from cardiac surgery with a wearable, patched-based device. The primary outcome was occurrence of cumulative atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) lasting for ≥6 minutes detected by continuous monitoring or AF/AFL documented by a 12-lead electrocardiogram within 30 days of randomization. We assessed the association between diabetes and occurrence of post-operative AF. In addition, we examined the association between POAF and glucose-lowering therapy among patients with diabetes.
Results
Among the 176 (52%) patients with diabetes in the study cohort, 80 (45%) patients were treated with at least 1 oral hypoglycemic agent and 44 (25%) patients were treated with insulin. The incidence of POAF occurring within 30 days after discharge from surgery was similar between patients with or without diabetes (cumulative incidence: 10.8% vs. 10.0%, log-rank p=0.77). Among patients with diabetes, the incidence of POAF was highest in those who were not treated with glucose-lowering therapy (17.3%) when compared with those treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (10.0%) or insulin (4.5%) (log-rank ptrend=0.045 among the 3 groups). In an exploratory analysis, we observed a trend suggesting a lower incidence of POAF among cardiac surgical patients who were treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors (log-rank ptrend=0.084).
Conclusion
The incidence of POAF occurring after discharge from cardiac surgery is equally high among patients with or without diabetes. Our results suggest a potential association between specific glucose-lowering therapies and risk of POAF after cardiac surgery, meriting further investigations.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pandey
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - M Hibino
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Ha
- UHN - University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Quan
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Verma
- Southlake Regional Health Centre , Newmarket , Canada
| | - A Bisleri
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - C D Mazer
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - S Verma
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
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27
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Hibino M, Verma S, Pandey A, Quan A, Verma A, Bisleri G, Mazer CD, Ha A. Valvular surgery is associated with an increased risk of post-operative atrial fibrillation: secondary analysis of the SEARCH-AF CardioLink-1 randomized trial. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients undergoing valve surgery have a higher risk of developing post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) relative to those undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Whether this risk extends beyond hospital discharge is unknown.
Purpose
We examined the association between surgery type (isolated CABG vs. valve repair/replacement) on the incidence of post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) by conducting a secondary analysis of the Post-Surgical Enhanced Monitoring for Cardiac Arrhythmias and Atrial Fibrillation (SEARCH-AF) CardioLink-1 randomized trial.
Methods
In the SEARCH-AF trial, 336 patients with risk factors for stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2) and no history of preoperative AF were randomized to usual care or continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring for 30 days after discharge from cardiac surgery with a wearable, patched-based device. The primary outcome was occurrence of cumulative atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) lasting for ≥6 minutes detected by continuous monitoring or AF/AFL documented by a 12-lead ECG within 30 days of randomization. We compared the risk of POAF between patients who underwent CABG vs. valve repair/replacement. Patients who experienced post-operative AF during hospitalization were excluded from this analysis.
Results
The overall cohort consisted of 255, 39, and 42 patients who underwent isolated CABG, isolated valve replacement/repair, and CABG + valve repair/replacement, respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar among the groups except for younger age (p=0.0014), higher prevalence of preoperative myocardial infarction (p=0.002) and lower ejection fraction (p=0.025) in the isolated CABG group. Eighteen patients experienced post-operative AF during hospitalization. Patients who underwent CABG + valve surgery or isolated valve surgery were more likely to experience post-operative AF compared with those who underwent isolated CABG (Log-Rank ptrend=0.0096). Among patients who were randomized to continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring, the probability of post-operative AF among patients who underwent isolated CABG, valve surgery, and CABG + valve surgery was 15.8%, 29.4%, and 35.0%, respectively (Log-Rank ptrend=0.017). After multivariable adjustment, the risk of developing post-operative AF within 30 days after discharge remained higher among patients who underwent valve surgery compared with those who underwent isolated CABG (hazard ratio (HR) 2.22, 95% CI 1.01–4.87. Patients who underwent CABG + repair/replacement had the highest risk of experiencing post-operative AF when compared to patients who underwent isolated CABG (HR 2.78, 95% CI 1.12–6.86).
Conclusion
Patients undergoing valve repair or bioprosthetic valve replacement have a substantial risk of post-operative AF within 30 days after discharge from surgery. An aggressive cardiac rhythm monitoring strategy during this vulnerable period should be considered for this high-risk patient population.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hibino
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - S Verma
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Pandey
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Quan
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Verma
- Southlake Regional Health Centre , Newmarket , Canada
| | - G Bisleri
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - C D Mazer
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Ha
- UHN - University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Hibibo M, Verma S, Pandey A, Quan A, Verma A, Bisleri G, Ha A, Mazer CD. The impact of statin on post-operative atrial fibrillation after discharge from cardiac surgery: secondary analysis of the SEARCH-AF CardioLink-1 randomized trial. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There is conflicting evidence regarding the use of statins to reduce the risk of post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Purpose
We sought to determine the effects of statin use on the burden of new-onset post-discharge POAF in the Post-Surgical Enhanced Monitoring for Cardiac Arrhythmias and Atrial Fibrillation (SEARCH-AF) CardioLink-1 randomized controlled trial.
Methods
In the SEARCH-AF trial, 336 patients with risk factors for stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2) and no history of preoperative AF were randomized to usual care or continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring for 30 days after discharge from cardiac surgery with a wearable, patched-based device. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of cumulative atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) lasting for ≥6 minutes detected by continuous monitoring or AF/AFL documented by a 12-lead electrocardiogram within 30 days of randomization. Using time-to-event analysis and Cox regression, we evaluated the association between the risk of post-operative AF in relation to statin use and dosing intensity (low, moderate, high) at the time of discharge. We excluded patients who experienced post-operative AF during hospitalization in this analysis.
Results
In the overall cohort (n=336), 260 (77.4%) patients were treated with statins at the time of hospital discharge. There were 18 (5.4%) patients who experienced post-operative AF during hospitalization. Patients prescribed with statins were more likely to be male (p=0.018), had lower CHA2DS2-VASc scores (p=0.011), and were more likely to undergo isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (p=0.083). Baseline characteristics were otherwise similar between the 2 groups. Patients treated with statins at discharge had a 2-fold lower rate of post-operative AF than those who were not treated with statins in the overall cohort (17.6% vs. 8.2%, Log-Rank p=0.017) and among those who were randomized to continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring (31.6% vs. 16.0%, Log-Rank p=0.027) (Figure). After adjusting for surgery type (CABG vs. valve surgery) and the CHA2DS2-VASc score, statin use at discharge was associated with a lower risk of post-operative AF within 30 days after surgery (hazard ratio 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.97). Furthermore, increasing intensity of statin therapy was associated with lower risk of POAF (ptrend=0.0012) (Figure 1)
Conclusion
Among cardiac surgery patients with risk factors for stroke and no history of pre-operative AF, the use of statins was associated with a reduction in post-operative AF risk within 30 days of discharge. The routine use of high-intensity statin to prevent post-operative AF after cardiac surgery deserves further study.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hibibo
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - S Verma
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Pandey
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Quan
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Verma
- Southlake Regional Health Centre , Newmarket , Canada
| | - G Bisleri
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Ha
- UHN - University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - C D Mazer
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
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Hibino M, Verma S, Pandey A, Quan A, Puar P, Verma R, Pandey A, Bisleri G, Verma A, Mazer C, Ha A. VALVULAR SURGERY IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK OF POST-OPERATIVE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF THE SEARCH-AF CARDIOLINK-1 RANDOMIZED TRIAL. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Pandey A, Hibino M, Ha A, Quan A, Puar P, Pandey A, Verma R, Bisleri G, Verma A, Mazer C, Verma S. IMPACT OF DIABETES AND GLUCOSE-LOWERING THERAPY ON POST-OPERATIVE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY: SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF THE SEARCH-AF CARDIOLINK-1 RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Hibino M, Verma S, Quan A, Puar P, Verma R, Pandey A, Bisleri G, Verma A, Ha A, Mazer C. THE IMPACT OF STATIN ON POST-OPERATIVE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AFTER DISCHARGE FROM CARDIAC SURGERY: SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF THE SEARCH-AF CARDIOLINK-1 RANDOMIZED TRIAL. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Drozdz MM, Doane AS, Alkallas R, Desman G, Bareja R, Reilly M, Bang J, Yusupova M, You J, Eraslan Z, Wang JZ, Verma A, Aguirre K, Kane E, Watson IR, Elemento O, Piskounova E, Merghoub T, Zippin JH. A nuclear cAMP microdomain suppresses tumor growth by Hippo pathway inactivation. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111412. [PMID: 36170819 PMCID: PMC9549417 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling is localized to multiple spatially distinct microdomains, but the role of cAMP microdomains in cancer cell biology is poorly understood. Here, we present a tunable genetic system that allows us to activate cAMP signaling in specific microdomains. We uncover a nuclear cAMP microdomain that activates a tumor-suppressive pathway in a broad range of cancers by inhibiting YAP, a key effector protein of the Hippo pathway, inside the nucleus. We show that nuclear cAMP induces a LATS-dependent pathway leading to phosphorylation of nuclear YAP solely at serine 397 and export of YAP from the nucleus with no change in YAP protein stability. Thus, nuclear cAMP inhibition of nuclear YAP is distinct from other known mechanisms of Hippo regulation. Pharmacologic targeting of specific cAMP microdomains remains an untapped therapeutic approach for cancer; thus, drugs directed at the nuclear cAMP microdomain may provide avenues for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek M. Drozdz
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ashley S. Doane
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York NY 10065, USA
| | - Rached Alkallas
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada,McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Garrett Desman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rohan Bareja
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York NY 10065, USA,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Reilly
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jakyung Bang
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maftuna Yusupova
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jaewon You
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zuhal Eraslan
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jenny Z. Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York NY 10065, USA
| | - Kelsey Aguirre
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elsbeth Kane
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ian R. Watson
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York NY 10065, USA,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Piskounova
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA,Senior author
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA,Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Senior author
| | - Jonathan H. Zippin
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York NY 10065, USA,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Senior author,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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Xu X, Wang K, Vera O, Verma A, Jasani N, Bok I, Elemento O, Du D, Yu X, Karreth FA. Gain of Chromosome 1q Perturbs a Competitive Endogenous RNA Network to Promote Melanoma Metastasis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3016-3031. [PMID: 36052492 PMCID: PMC9971359 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic copy-number alterations (CNA) promote cancer, but the underlying driver genes may not be comprehensively identified if only the functions of the encoded proteins are considered. mRNAs can act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA), which sponge miRNAs to posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression in a protein coding-independent manner. We investigated the contribution of ceRNAs to the oncogenic effects of CNAs. Chromosome 1q gains promoted melanoma progression and metastasis at least in part through overexpression of three mRNAs with ceRNA activity: CEP170, NUCKS1, and ZC3H11A. These ceRNAs enhanced melanoma metastasis by sequestering tumor suppressor miRNAs. Orthogonal genetic assays with miRNA inhibitors and target site blockers, along with rescue experiments, demonstrated that miRNA sequestration is critical for the oncogenic effects of CEP170, NUCKS1, and ZC3H11A mRNAs. Furthermore, chromosome 1q ceRNA-mediated miRNA sequestration alleviated the repression of several prometastatic target genes. This regulatory RNA network was evident in other cancer types, suggesting chromosome 1q ceRNA deregulation as a common driver of cancer progression. Taken together, this work demonstrates that ceRNAs mediate the oncogenicity of somatic CNAs. SIGNIFICANCE The function of CEP170, NUCKS1, and ZC3H11A mRNAs as competitive endogenous RNAs that sequester tumor suppressor microRNAs underlies the oncogenic activity of chromosome 1q gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Kaizhen Wang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Olga Vera
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Neel Jasani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ilah Bok
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dongliang Du
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Florian A. Karreth
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Correspondence: Florian A. Karreth, PhD, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Stabile Research Building, Rm 23043, Tampa, FL 33612, USA, , Phone: 813-745-1851
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Roy A, Singh A, Naranje KM, Verma A, Bajpai S. A Case of Fleeting Reactive Arthritis in an Infant: Extended Effect of COVID Antibodies from Mother. Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:929. [PMID: 35794513 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Roy
- Department of Neonatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Anita Singh
- Department of Neonatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
| | - Kirti M Naranje
- Department of Neonatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Department of Neonatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Shivani Bajpai
- Department of Neonatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
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Kumar S, Verma A, Yadav P, Dubey SK, Azhar EI, Maitra SS, Dwivedi VD. Molecular pathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis and possible therapeutic strategies. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1739-1762. [PMID: 35654913 PMCID: PMC9162114 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus, is a health concern across Asian countries, associated with severe neurological disorders, especially in children. Primarily, pigs, bats, and birds are the natural hosts for JEV, but humans are infected incidentally. JEV requires a few host proteins for its entry and replication inside the mammalian host cell. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a significant role in JEV genome replication and assembly. During this process, the ER undergoes stress due to its remodelling and accumulation of viral particles and unfolded proteins, leading to an unfolded protein response (UPR). Here, we review the overall strategy used by JEV to infect the host cell and various cytopathic effects caused by JEV infection. We also highlight the role of JEV structural proteins (SPs) and non-structural proteins (NSPs) at various stages of the JEV life cycle that are involved in up- and downregulation of different host proteins and are potentially relevant for developing efficient therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
- Center for Bioinformatics, Computational and Systems Biology, Pathfinder Research and Training Foundation, Greater Noida, India
| | - Akanksha Verma
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Pardeep Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 India
- Center for Bioinformatics, Computational and Systems Biology, Pathfinder Research and Training Foundation, Greater Noida, India
| | | | - Esam Ibraheem Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - S. S. Maitra
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Vivek Dhar Dwivedi
- Center for Bioinformatics, Computational and Systems Biology, Pathfinder Research and Training Foundation, Greater Noida, India
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Verma A, Arya R, Brahmachari V. Identification of a polycomb responsive region in human HoxA cluster and its long-range interaction with polycomb enriched genomic regions. Gene 2022; 845:146832. [PMID: 36007803 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins (PcG, TrxG) epigenetically regulate developmental genes. These proteins bind with specific DNA elements, the Polycomb Response Element (PRE). Apart from mutations in polycomb/ trithorax proteins, altered cis-elements like PRE underlie the modified function and thus disease etiology. PREs are well studied in Drosophila, while only a few human PREs have been reported. We have identified a polycomb responsive DNA element, hPRE-HoxA3, in the intron of the HoxA3 gene. The hPRE-HoxA3 represses luciferase reporter activity in a PcG-dependent manner. The endogenous hPRE-HoxA3 element recruits PcG proteins and is enriched with repressive H3K27me3 marks, demonstrating that hPRE-HoxA3 is a part of the PcG-dependent gene regulatory network. Furthermore, it interacts with D11-12, the well-known PRE in the human Hox cluster. hPRE-Hox3 is a part of the 3-dimensional chromosomal domain organization as it is involved in the long-range interaction with other PcG enriched regions of Hox A, B, C, and D clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Verma
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Richa Arya
- Current address- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Vani Brahmachari
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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Verma A, Payne C. 636 Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Admissions with Colorectal Cancer. Br J Surg 2022. [PMCID: PMC9452076 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac269.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim Method Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- A Verma
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - C Payne
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Jaiswal A, Verma A, Dannenfelser R, Melssen M, Tirosh I, Izar B, Kim T, Nirschl C, Devi S, Olson W, Slingluff C, Engelhard V, Garraway L, Regev A, Yoon C, Troyanskaya O, Elemento O, Suarez-Farinas M, Anandasabapathy N. 037 A systems immunology approach to classify melanoma tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) informs and models overall survival. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Drozdz M, Doane A, Alkallas R, Desman G, Bareja R, Reilly M, Bang J, Yusupova M, You J, Wang J, Verma A, Aguirre K, Kang E, Watson I, Elemento O, Piskounova E, Merghoub T, Zippin J. 646 A nuclear cAMP microdomain suppresses tumor growth by hippo pathway inactivation. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Verma A, Shevy L, Sheikh AB, Clanon D. Disseminated Mycobacterium szulgai in an immunocompromised patient. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2022; 35:815-816. [DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2022.2090780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura Shevy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Abu Baker Sheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - David Clanon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Zhang J, Zimmermann B, Galletti G, Halabi S, Gjyrezi A, Yang Q, Gupta S, Verma A, Sboner A, Anand M, George DJ, Gregory SG, Mahtani P, Hong S, Pascual V, Mavragani CP, Antonarakis ES, Nanus DM, Tagawa ST, Elemento O, Armstrong AJ, Giannakakou P. Abstract 646: Liquid biopsy transcriptomics identify pathways associated with poor outcomes and immune phenotypes in men with mCRPC. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSi) and taxanes are mainstays for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, patient response is heterogeneous, and the molecular underpinnings of treatment resistance are not well elucidated.
To identify clinically meaningful mechanisms of treatment resistance, we performed transcriptome analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolated from mCRPC patients enrolled in two independent prospective clinical trials: PROPHECY, a clinical study of patients (n=118) treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide followed by docetaxel; and TAXYNERGY where patients were randomized to docetaxel or cabazitaxel treatment. CTCs were obtained at baseline (before treatment), on treatment and at progression and their comprehensive transcriptomic analysis was correlated with clinical outcomes. To uncover potential involvement of the circulating immune macroenvironment (CIME) in treatment resistance, we performed transcriptomic analysis of matching peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using an established, rigorous, blood-derived transcriptional modular framework.
In PROPHECY, CTC RNA-seq identified that RB loss concurrently with enhanced E2F signaling networks were associated with intrinsic ARSi resistance. Using single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) score, we identified that the RB/E2F common signature at baseline was associated with short PFS (median PFS=6.5 months) and OS (median OS=24.5 months) (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.5; 95% CI 1.5-8.2) in men with mCRPC. We further developed a BRCA-loss transcriptional signature, and validated it in the SU2C mCRPC patient cohort, expanding the identification of patients with BRCA-loss phenotypes beyond genomic loss. Applying this signature to PROPHECY baseline samples, we showed that men with high BRCA-loss scores experienced shorter OS (HR=2.42; 95% CI=1-5.9). Through the comparison of CTC transcriptomic profiles at progression with baseline, we identified an inflammatory response signature in CTCs which was significantly associated with acquired ARSi resistance. Transcriptomic PBMC analysis further identified enrichment of inflammasome gene signatures at progression, with concurrent downregulation of CD8+ T and NK cells.
Furthermore, preliminary data from both clinical trials, showed a significant upregulation of TGF-β1 and corresponding TGFβ-Receptor signaling pathway in CTCs from patients at progression following taxane treatment, suggesting a role for TGFβ pathway in clinical response to taxane chemotherapy.
Taken together, these data demonstrate that liquid biopsy transcriptomics of both tumor cells and immune cells can identify molecular pathways associated with treatment resistance paving the way for treatment optimization and the development of novel precision therapies in patients with mCRPC.
Citation Format: Jiaren Zhang, Bob Zimmermann, Giuseppe Galletti, Susan Halabi, Ada Gjyrezi, Qian Yang, Santosh Gupta, Akanksha Verma, Andrea Sboner, Monika Anand, Daniel J. George, Simon G. Gregory, Prerna Mahtani, Seunghee Hong, Virginia Pascual, Clio P. Mavragani, Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, David M. Nanus, Scott T. Tagawa, Olivier Elemento, Andrew J. Armstrong, Paraskevi Giannakakou. Liquid biopsy transcriptomics identify pathways associated with poor outcomes and immune phenotypes in men with mCRPC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 646.
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Zhang R, Cogan D, Eng C, Phillips A, Carty MC, Feinberg T, Verma A, Tourdot R, Swiston A, Bettigole S, Drutman S, Su M. Discovery of potent, orally active KIF18A inhibitors targeting CIN-high cancer cells. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e15046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e15046 Background: KIF18A is a kinesin assisting chromosome congression and alignment during mitosis. It is nonessential in normal, euploid cell division but essential for a subset of aneuploid cancer cells with high chromosomal instability (CIN-high). KIF18A knockdown in these cells leads to mitotic arrest, cytostasis and cell death. As a result, KIF18A is an attractive anticancer target. Methods: Volastra drug discovery efforts identified and validated KIF18A as a promising target using genetic knockdown and pharmacological inhibition with a tool compound. High-throughput screening identified an ATP-noncompetitive hit that was optimized for potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties. Breadth of efficacy studies against a panel of cancer cell lines were used to formulate responder hypotheses and aid in patient selection. Mechanistic profiling and cell fate determination upon KIF18A inhibition was used to identify target engagement and clinical response biomarkers. Results: Our lead candidates bind to KIF18A with sub-nM potency and exhibit long (̃2 days) drug-target residence time. They are ATP and microtubule uncompetitive. They are highly selective for KIF18A and have no known off-target effects on related kinesins and in an in vitro safety screen. They are orally bioavailable in preclinical species, well tolerated and demonstrate tumor regression in mouse xenograft models. In contrast to many agents that disrupt the mitotic machinery, KIF18A inhibition does not impact growth of proliferating normal cells. Breadth of efficacy studies performed on a large panel of human cancer cell lines reveal sensitivity to KIF18A inhibitors across multiple tumor types including high-grade serous ovarian, as well as subtypes of breast and lung cancer. Conclusions: Volastra’s research efforts have culminated in the discovery of orally active, highly potent, selective, and efficacious KIF18A inhibitors as development candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Su
- Volastra Therapeutics, Inc., New York, NY
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Abraham R, Davis R, Lewandowski R, Liu D, Gordon A, Collins Z, Westcott M, Nutting C, Karnia J, Kim D, Gregoire M, Verma A, Dobrowski D, Bryan J. Abstract No. 310 Novel radiopaque Y-90 glass microspheres (Eye90 microspheres) for canine hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation of microsphere radiopacity with TOF PET radioactivity and mRECIST and pathologic tumor response determination. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Zhu S, Verma A, Thornhil R, Hosseini-Nik H, Hadziomerovic A, Ryan S, Gupta A. Abstract No. 362 Texture analysis of arterial graft thrombus on CT angiography: correlation with age of thrombus and implication on catheter directed thrombolysis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Macle L, Nair GM, Skanes A, Aguilar M, Pantano A, Khaykin Y, Verma A. Safety and acute performance of paroxysmal and early persistent atrial fibrillation ablation using temperature-controlled, very high power, short duration catheter with a new radiofrequency generator. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Biosense Webster Inc.
Background/Introduction
The temperature-controlled contact force radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter (QDM) has 6 thermocouples to maintain target catheter tip temperature and 3 tip microelectrodes for high local signal resolution. It has an enhanced irrigation profile to reduce char formation. Three prospective multicenter trials demonstrated safety and effectiveness of the QDM catheter using very high-power, short duration (vHPSD; 90W/4s), conventional power (CP; ≤50W) or combined modes. These studies were performed with an older RF generator. A new generator was developed to support the full suite of legacy, temperature controlled and multichannel ablation catheters, but has not yet been formally tested in a clinical setting.
Purpose
Evaluate safety and acute performance of the QDM catheter with the new 90W-enabled generator.
Methods
This prospective, multicenter study (4 Canadian sites) used vHPSD as primary mode for Pulmonary Vein (PV) isolation with overlapping 3mm lesion tags for anterior, inferior and roof of left atrium. Adjacent, non-overlapping lesions were used posteriorly to avoid esophageal heating. CP mode was used at operator discretion for thicker atrial tissue, touch ups, and non-PV triggers (Figure). Primary endpoint was confirmed entrance block in all PVs after adenosine and/or isoproterenol challenge. Acute procedural and safety data were assessed. Systematic char evaluation was performed.
Results
Effectiveness analysis included 38/40 subjects with mean 110-day follow up (mean age, 61.7 ± 9.5 years; 63.2% male). Hypertension (47.4%) and congestive heart failure (15.8%) were the most common comorbidities. Fourteen subjects were treated with version V0 of the generator, and 24 subjects were treated using version V1c which included further software adjustments to the power titration, and current response to optimize performance. Combination vHPSD/CP workflow was used for PV isolation in 28 (75.7%) subjects and vHPSD was used solely in 10. A non-study catheter was used in 1 subject during connectivity troubleshooting. Primary endpoint of entrance block confirmation was achieved in 37/38 subjects and in all 37 subjects treated with study catheter only. No incidences of char or device-related adverse events were reported. There were no noted differences in the endpoints evaluated between the V0 and V1c groups. Median (Q1/Q3) RF application times for ablating PVs was 13.0 min (9.0/16.0) for the entire cohort. Median (Q1/Q3) time to achieve PV isolation in vHPSD-only group was 9 (7/12) min, and 14 (11/18) min, respectively.
Conclusion(s)
Consistent with data from prior 3 clinical studies, QDM catheter with the new 90W-enabled generator demonstrated the acute safety and effectiveness of temperature-controlled AF ablation with short PV ablation time and no char observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Macle
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - GM Nair
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - A Skanes
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada
| | - M Aguilar
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - A Pantano
- Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Canada
| | - Y Khaykin
- Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Canada
| | - A Verma
- Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Canada
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Jaiswal A, Verma A, Dannenfelser R, Melssen M, Tirosh I, Izar B, Kim TG, Nirschl CJ, Devi KSP, Olson WC, Slingluff CL, Engelhard VH, Garraway L, Regev A, Minkis K, Yoon CH, Troyanskaya O, Elemento O, Suárez-Fariñas M, Anandasabapathy N. An activation to memory differentiation trajectory of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes informs metastatic melanoma outcomes. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:524-544.e5. [PMID: 35537413 PMCID: PMC9122099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for better classification and understanding of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Here, we applied advanced functional genomics to interrogate 9,000 human tumors and multiple single-cell sequencing sets using benchmarked T cell states, comprehensive T cell differentiation trajectories, human and mouse vaccine responses, and other human TILs. Compared with other T cell states, enrichment of T memory/resident memory programs was observed across solid tumors. Trajectory analysis of single-cell melanoma CD8+ TILs also identified a high fraction of memory/resident memory-scoring TILs in anti-PD-1 responders, which expanded post therapy. In contrast, TILs scoring highly for early T cell activation, but not exhaustion, associated with non-response. Late/persistent, but not early activation signatures, prognosticate melanoma survival, and co-express with dendritic cell and IFN-γ response programs. These data identify an activation-like state associated to poor response and suggest successful memory conversion, above resuscitation of exhaustion, is an under-appreciated aspect of successful anti-tumoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Jaiswal
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10026, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10026, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Dannenfelser
- Department of Computer Science and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Marit Melssen
- Division of Surgical Oncology - Breast and Melanoma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Human Immune Therapy Center, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Carter Immunology Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology and Program for Mathematical Genomics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tae-Gyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Christopher J Nirschl
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - K Sanjana P Devi
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10026, USA
| | - Walter C Olson
- Division of Surgical Oncology - Breast and Melanoma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Human Immune Therapy Center, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Division of Surgical Oncology - Breast and Melanoma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Human Immune Therapy Center, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Carter Immunology Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Victor H Engelhard
- Carter Immunology Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Levi Garraway
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA; Center for Cancer for Cancer Precision Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kira Minkis
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10026, USA
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Surgical Oncology Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olga Troyanskaya
- Department of Computer Science and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niroshana Anandasabapathy
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10026, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10026, USA; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10026, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10026, USA.
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Pradhan S, Ranjan R, Verma A, Singh T, Aggarwal L, Singh R, Shahi U. PD-0906 Functional MRI as an Assessment Tool in Carcinoma Cervix Patients Undergoing Chemoradiation. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chandran Suja V, Verma A, Mossige E, Cui K, Xia V, Zhang Y, Sinha D, Joslin S, Fuller G. Dewetting characteristics of contact lenses coated with wetting agents. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mariappan AK, Munusamy P, Latheef SK, Kohale S, Verma A, Puvvala B, Mathesh K, Dhama K. Grading of Anatomopathological Disparity in the Cases of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in wild avian species as recorded in Pigeons ( Columba livia), Peafowls ( Pavo cristatus), and Griffon Vultures ( Gyps fulvus). Arch Razi Inst 2022; 77:301-313. [PMID: 35891735 PMCID: PMC9288607 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356382.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillosis which is caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, a fungal pathogen, can vary from a localized infection to severe life-threatening invasive or disseminated systemic diseases in birds. The present study aimed to evaluate and grade the anatomopathological disparity in the cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in Columba livia (pigeons), Pavo cristatus (peafowls), and Gyps fulvus (Griffon vultures). Necropsy gross lesions varied from mere congestion of lungs in P. cristatus, congestion and large necrotizing masses surrounded by a zone of hyperemia (10 mm dia) in lungs of C. livia, and typically disseminated granuloma in the lungs, air sacs, and organs of other serous membranes in G. fulvus. Histopathology varied from extensive parenchymal necrosis amidst exuberant fungal invasion in P. cristatus, multifocal to focally extensive tissue necrosis with colonies of fungal hyphae surrounded by heterophils and lymphocytes in C. livia, as well as typical mycotic granuloma embedded in the lungs, air sacs, and thoracoabdominal serous membranes with angio-invasion in G. fulvus. Based on gross and histopathological findings, we diagnosed the cases as Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (AIPA) in peafowls and pigeons, as well as Chronic Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CIPA) in Griffon vultures. There is a paucity of case reports on aspergillosis in wild avian species, and this report strived to document the cases of IPA in peafowls, pigeons, and vultures. This is the first report of its kind which evaluated anatomopathological disparity of IPA in pigeons, peafowls, and vultures with a proposed anatomopathological grading system which would help to understand and investigate the nature of aspergillosis in different avian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K Mariappan
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Munusamy
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S. K Latheef
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar
Pradesh, India
| | - S Kohale
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Verma
- Division of Bacteriology and mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar
Pradesh, India
| | - B Puvvala
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry-605009, India
| | - K Mathesh
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Liu X, Spencer A, Long Y, Greenhalgh C, Steeg S, Verma A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of disease burden of healthcare-associated infections in China: an economic burden perspective from general hospitals. J Hosp Infect 2022; 123:1-11. [PMID: 35182684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a global public health issue. However, the economic burden attributable to HAIs at a national level is unknown in China. The aim of this systematic review was to estimate the direct economic burden caused by HAIs in China. METHODS Medline, EMBASE and Chinese Journals Online databases were searched, including studies published from 2009 to 2019. The pooled estimates with 95% Confidential Interval were calculated with Quantile Estimation. The random effect model of the DerSimonian-Laird method was used. The statistical significance was set as P<0.05. RESULTS 2,756 publications were identified; 6 studies were included in a meta-analysis to calculate the pooled estimates of direct economic burden, while 5 were included in the pooled estimates of the additional economic burden. The pooled median estimates of the total medical expenditure, the medicine expenditure and hospitalisation days per inpatient of patients with HAIs were ¥34,415.62, ¥20,065.21 and 34.01 days, respectively (P <0.0001). The pooled median estimates of the differences of the total medical expenditure, the medicine expenditure and hospitalisation days per inpatient between patients with HAIs and patients without HAIs were ¥24,881.37, ¥9,438.46 and 13.89 days, respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The cost of care for patients with HAIs was significantly higher than that for those without HAIs. This excess economic burden is likely to impact on patients and their families as well as health service providers and the health care system as a whole. Effective surveillance systems and cost-effective interventions are needed to control HAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - A Spencer
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Y Long
- Global Health Institute/School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - C Greenhalgh
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - S Steeg
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Verma
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
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