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Mariappan AK, Munusamy P, Latheef SK, Kohale S, Verma A, Puvvala B, Mathesh K, Dhama K. Grading of Anatomopathological Disparity in the Cases of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in wild avian species as recorded in Pigeons ( Columba livia), Peafowls ( Pavo cristatus), and Griffon Vultures ( Gyps fulvus). Arch Razi Inst 2022; 77:301-313. [PMID: 35891735 PMCID: PMC9288607 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356382.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillosis which is caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, a fungal pathogen, can vary from a localized infection to severe life-threatening invasive or disseminated systemic diseases in birds. The present study aimed to evaluate and grade the anatomopathological disparity in the cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in Columba livia (pigeons), Pavo cristatus (peafowls), and Gyps fulvus (Griffon vultures). Necropsy gross lesions varied from mere congestion of lungs in P. cristatus, congestion and large necrotizing masses surrounded by a zone of hyperemia (10 mm dia) in lungs of C. livia, and typically disseminated granuloma in the lungs, air sacs, and organs of other serous membranes in G. fulvus. Histopathology varied from extensive parenchymal necrosis amidst exuberant fungal invasion in P. cristatus, multifocal to focally extensive tissue necrosis with colonies of fungal hyphae surrounded by heterophils and lymphocytes in C. livia, as well as typical mycotic granuloma embedded in the lungs, air sacs, and thoracoabdominal serous membranes with angio-invasion in G. fulvus. Based on gross and histopathological findings, we diagnosed the cases as Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (AIPA) in peafowls and pigeons, as well as Chronic Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CIPA) in Griffon vultures. There is a paucity of case reports on aspergillosis in wild avian species, and this report strived to document the cases of IPA in peafowls, pigeons, and vultures. This is the first report of its kind which evaluated anatomopathological disparity of IPA in pigeons, peafowls, and vultures with a proposed anatomopathological grading system which would help to understand and investigate the nature of aspergillosis in different avian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K Mariappan
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Munusamy
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S. K Latheef
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar
Pradesh, India
| | - S Kohale
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Verma
- Division of Bacteriology and mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar
Pradesh, India
| | - B Puvvala
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry-605009, India
| | - K Mathesh
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Katiyar R, Ghosh SK, Kumar A, Pande M, Gemeda AE, Rautela R, Bhure SK, Dhara SK, Mathesh K, Srivastava N, Patra MK. Cryoprotectant with a mitochondrial derived peptide, humanin, improves post-thaw quality of buffalo spermatozoa. Cryo Letters 2022; 43:32-41. [PMID: 35315868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semen cryopreservation results in deleterious effects on spermatozoa, including lipid peroxidation and a reduction in the total antioxidant components of seminal plasma. The ultimate outcome of these changes is a reduction in post-thaw semen quality. A mitochondrial derived peptide, humanin, a potent cytoprotective and antioxidant agent was used in the present study. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a mitochondrial-derived peptide, humanin to improve the post-thaw quality of buffalo spermatozoa. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 18 ejaculates from three Murrah buffalo bulls (n=6 each) were collected. Each ejaculate was divided into four aliquots. The first aliquot was diluted with standard EYTG dilutor (Group I, control), whereas the other three aliquots were diluted with EYTG supplemented with 2 µM (Group II), 5 µM (Group III) and 10 µM humanin (Group IV), respectively. Semen was evaluated for physico-morphological and functional attributes such as progressive motility, viability, abnormality, acrosome integrity, plasmamembrane integrity of fresh samples, pre-freeze and post-thaw stages. Oxidative stress parameters [lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] were also measured at the pre-freeze and post-thaw stages. RESULTS Humanin supplementation resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.05) post-thaw motility in all treatment groups and, higher (p < 0.05) viability in Groups III and IV in comparison to the control at the post-thaw stage. Spermatozoa with intact acrosome and plasma membrane were higher (p < 0.05) in Groups III and IV as compared to Groups I and II. The LPO levels at the post-thaw stage were found to be lower (p < 0.05) in all treatment groups versus the control group, whereas, higher (p≤0.05) TAC values were recorded in Groups III and IV in comparison to the control and Group II. CONCLUSION Humanin supplementation in the extender improved the freezabilty of buffalo spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Katiyar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - S K Ghosh
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Pande
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A E Gemeda
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Rautela
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K Bhure
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K Dhara
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnolog , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Mathesh
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N Srivastava
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M K Patra
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bhatt M, Rajak KK, Chakravarti S, Yadav AK, Kumar A, Gupta V, Chander V, Mathesh K, Chandramohan S, Sharma AK, Mahendran K, Sankar M, Muthuchelvan D, Gandham RK, Baig M, Singh RP, Singh RK. Phylogenetic analysis of haemagglutinin gene deciphering a new genetically distinct lineage of canine distemper virus circulating among domestic dogs in India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1252-1267. [PMID: 30725534 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD) is one of the highly contagious and invariably fatal viral diseases of dogs and other carnivores. Despite the widespread use of modified live vaccines to control CD, the prevalence of disease has increased at an alarming rate in recent years. Although a number of factors may be ascribed for vaccine failure, antigenic differences among the vaccine and wild-type strains have gained the interest of researchers. Considering the high genetic variability of haemagglutinin gene (H gene) and its role in eliciting the immune response to canine distemper virus (CDV), we have generated nine full-length CDV H gene sequences from infected dogs including three vaccinated cases. Bayesian analysis was performed using 102 full-length H gene nucleotide sequences over a time frame of 76 years (1940-2016) from 18 countries. The time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of CDV was estimated to be 1696 AD. Phylogenetic reconstruction clustered Indian wild-type viruses into a distinct monophyletic group clearly separated from the previously established CDV lineages. This signifies the presence of a novel genetic variant (proposed as "Lineage India-1/Asia-5") circulating among dog population in India. To investigate the importance of substitutions at amino acid residues 530 and 549 of CDV H protein in determining the host switches from canid to non-canid hosts, we analysed 125 H gene sequences including nine sequences generated in this study. Selection pressure analysis and analysis of amino acid sequences revealed a trend towards adaptation of 549H variants in non-canid hosts although no role of G/E530R/D/N substitution could be identified. This is the first comprehensive study about the nature and ecology of CDV circulating among dog population in India. Outbreaks in vaccinated animals as observed in this study have raised a concern towards the effectiveness of current vaccine strains warranting detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatt
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.,Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
| | - K K Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - S Chakravarti
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - A K Yadav
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.,ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V Gupta
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V Chander
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - K Mathesh
- Centre for wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - S Chandramohan
- Centre for wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Centre for wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - K Mahendran
- Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - M Sankar
- TAH Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, Nainital, India
| | - D Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, Nainital, India
| | - R K Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Baig
- Department of Zoology, Goverment Vidarbha Institute of Science & Humanities, Amravati, India
| | - R P Singh
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - R K Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
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