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Lim S, Mantsios A, Braithwaite RS, Pitts R. A secondary gendered analysis of interviews with Latina cisgender women indicated for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. AIDS Care 2024; 36:692-702. [PMID: 38466205 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2024.2325070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
HIV infections disproportionately impact Latinx populations in the United States, yet oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake is low. This study was a secondary gendered analysis of interviews with Latina cisgender women (n = 20) recruited from an urban safety net hospital inNew York City between August 2019 and October 2022. All women were indicated for PrEP by the provider. In-depth interviews were conducted with participants in English and Spanish and asked about social determinants of health, sexual partnerships and behaviors, and PrEP-specific enablers and barriers. Secondary thematic content analysis was conducted to identify gender-related factors influencing PrEP uptake. The following themes emerged from the data:structural factors (e.g., employment), partner-related factors, low sexual health knowledge, and resilience and empowerment. Partner-related factors were the most salient; partner infidelity served as reasons for initiating PrEP. Despite being constrained by low power in relationships, women made empowered choices to initiate PrEP and protect themselves. Findings indicated that the impact of gender inequity was an important factor in Latina women's PrEP decision making, pointing to a need to address partner-driven HIV risk, imbalance of power in relationships, and gender norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahnah Lim
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ronald S Braithwaite
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Pitts
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, NYC Health + Hospitals/Bellevue, New York, NY, USA
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D'souza S, Ghatole B, Raghuram H, Parakh S, Tugnawat D, Shaikh A, Singh S, Bandewar SS, Bhan A. COVID-19 Vaccine decision-making: trust among the transgender and disability communities in India. J Commun Healthc 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38597810 DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2024.2335784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historical marginalisation and ongoing trust deficits in health and government systems shape present-day vaccine perceptions among marginalised communities. This paper sought to understand the role of trust in decision-making about COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the transgender and disability communities in India. METHODS Using a participatory approach we interviewed 24 community representatives, identifying themselves as transgender individuals or as persons with disability, and 21 key informants such as vaccine programme managers, vaccine providers, and community advocates. We undertook an inductive thematic analysis of the data using a socio-ecological model. RESULTS Fear of side effects in relation to specific needs of the two communities and mistrust of systems involved in vaccination shaped four different pathways for vaccine decision-making. Mistrust of systems was influenced by past negative experiences with the health system, creating contexts in which information and misinformation are shared and interpreted. Participants negotiated their doubts about safety and mistrust of systems by interacting with different sources of influence showing patterns of decision-making that are dynamic, context-dependent, and intersectional. CONCLUSION These findings will help in determining the content, strategies and approaches to equitable vaccine communication for these two communities. The two communities ought to be included in vaccine trials. Vaccine information must respond to the specific needs of these two communities which could be enabled by collaboration and engagement with community members and influencers. Finally, long-term investment towards the needs of marginalised communities is vital to dismantle cycles of marginalisation and distrust and in turn improve vaccine acceptance and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharin D'souza
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
| | - Bhakti Ghatole
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
| | - Harikeerthan Raghuram
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
| | - Sana Parakh
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
| | - Deepak Tugnawat
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
| | - Aqsa Shaikh
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Satendra Singh
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
- Department of Physiology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Sheel Bandewar
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
- Forum for Medical Ethics Society, Mumbai, India
- Vidhayak Trust, Pune, India
| | - Anant Bhan
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
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Yesantharao LV, Sriram S, Litvack JR, Chandrasekhar SS, Galaiya DJ. Is a Simple Checklist Associated With Improvement in Gender Representation at the AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024. [PMID: 38591747 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In September 2017, the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) added 2 questions querying panel organizers if gender/racial diversity was considered in selecting panel presenters, beginning with the 2018 Annual Meeting (AM). This study examines how this checklist impacted the gender diversity of panel presenters at the AAO-HNS AM. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional investigation comparing female representation before and after the addition of questions inquiring about diversity in 2018. SETTING A review of abstract submissions for the AMs from 2015 to 2021. METHODS AM Official Program Abstracts were used to obtain presenter names and specialty area for each panel. The percentage of female presenters, in total and stratified by specialty area, were compared before and after 2018 to quantify changes following the addition of the checklist. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the proportion of female panel presenters from 22.3% (total n = 1199) in 2015 to 2017 to 33.0% (total n = 1868) in 2018 to 2021 (P < .001) and in all panel specialties. The number of female moderated panels also significantly increased after checklist implementation from 22% to 38% (P < .001). Correspondingly, the number of panels with no female representation decreased from 42% in 2015 to 2017 to 23% in 2018 to 2021 (P < .001). CONCLUSION The addition of a checklist asking panel organizers to consider diversity in selecting panelists was associated with an increased proportion of female presenters at the AM. This simple strategy can be implemented by all medical conferences to help close the gender gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekha V Yesantharao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shreya Sriram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamie R Litvack
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | | | - Deepa J Galaiya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Silver JK, Feld LD, Clark Onwunyi VR. Reframing the gender equity discussion in anaesthesiology: adopting best practices to promote physician retention and belonging. Anaesthesia 2024. [PMID: 38581231 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Silver
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Network, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lauren D Feld
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Varina R Clark Onwunyi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lakshminrusimha S, Cheng TL, Leonard MB, Devaskar SU, Vinci RJ, Degnon L, St Geme JW. Raising the Bar: The Need for Increased Financial Support to Sustain and Expand the Community of Pediatric Subspecialists. J Pediatr 2024; 267:113758. [PMID: 37748730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyan Lakshminrusimha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Davis, UC Davis Children's Hospital, Sacramento, CA.
| | - Tina L Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Mary B Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford, CA
| | - Sherin U Devaskar
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and the UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robert J Vinci
- Department of Pediatrics, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Joseph W St Geme
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Sharman MJ, Nash M, Moore R, Waddingham S, Oakley AL, Langenberg H, Cleland VJ. The importance of family support to engage and retain girls in male dominated action sports. A qualitative study of young people's perspectives. Health Promot J Austr 2024; 35:410-422. [PMID: 37403457 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Social support is positively correlated with physical activity (PA), especially amongst girls, but is underexplored in male-dominated action sports (e.g., mountain biking, skateboarding and surfing). This study explored family level social support needs and experiences of girls and boys in three action sports. METHOD Aspiring, current or former Australian adolescent (12-18 years; girls n = 25; boys n = 17) mountain bikers, skateboarders and/or surfers were individually interviewed (telephone/Skype) in 2018/2020. A socio-ecological framework guided the semi-structured interview schedule. Audio-recordings were transcribed verbatim and data analysed thematically using a constant comparative approach. RESULTS Family level social support was highly influential in young people's participation in action sports, with its absence a common reason for no or discontinued engagement amongst girls. Parents and siblings were the main social support providers with extended family (e.g., grandparents, aunts/uncles, cousins) also notable. Participation (current/past/co-) was the main social support type followed by emotional (e.g., encouragement), instrumental (e.g., transport, equipment/funding) and informational (e.g., coaching) support. Girls were inspired/encouraged by brothers but boys were not inspired/encouraged by sisters; boys and girls co-participated with both parents but co-participating and being inspired by fathers was most common, especially amongst girls; fathers were more commonly the main transport provider if they co-participated with their child; fathers mostly provided initial coaching; only boys were taught equipment maintenance by parents. CONCLUSIONS AND SO WHAT Sport-related organisations/groups have numerous opportunities to improve girls' representation in action sports by fostering family level social support through various means. Intervention strategies should be tailored to account for gendered participation differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Meredith Nash
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Robyn Moore
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Churchill Avenue, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Suzanne Waddingham
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Anita L Oakley
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Helen Langenberg
- Communities, Sport and Recreation, Tasmanian Government, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Verity J Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Mucheru D, Mollel H, Gilmore B, Kesale A, McAuliffe E. Advancing Gender Equality in Healthcare Leadership: Protocol to Co-Design and Evaluate a Leadership and Mentoring Intervention in Tanzania. Ann Glob Health 2024; 90:24. [PMID: 38550609 PMCID: PMC10976988 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Women constitute almost two thirds of the health and social workforce. Yet, the proportion of women in decision-making positions remains significantly low leading to gender inequities in access to and appropriateness of healthcare. Several barriers which limit women's advancement to leadership positions have been documented and they generally constitute of gender stereotypes, discrimination and inhibiting systems; these hinderances are compounded by intersection with other social identities. Amelioration of the barriers has the potential to enhance women's participation in leadership and strengthen the existing health systems. Objective This protocol describes a proposed study aimed at addressing the organisational and individual barriers to the advancement of women to leadership positions in the Tanzanian health sector, and to evaluate the influence on leadership competencies and career advancement actions of the female health workforce. Method The study utilises a gender transformative approach, co-design and implementation science in the development and integration of a leadership and mentorship intervention for women in the Tanzanian health context. The key steps in this research include quantifying the gender ratio in healthcare leadership; identifying the individual and organisational barriers to women's leadership; reviewing existing leadership, mentorship and career advancement interventions for women; recruiting programme participants for a leadership and mentorship programme; running a co-design workshop with programme participants and stakeholders; implementing a leadership and mentorship programme; and conducting a collaborative evaluation and lessons learnt. Conclusions This research underscores the notion that progression towards gender equality in healthcare leadership is attained by fashioning a system that supports the advancement of women. We also argue that one of the pivotal indicators of progress towards the gender equality sustainable development goal is the number of women in senior and middle management positions, which we hope to further through this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Mucheru
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Henry Mollel
- Mbeya Campus College, Mzumbe University, Tanzania
| | - Brynne Gilmore
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Eilish McAuliffe
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Kohn ER, Hallal PC, Niño-Cruz GI, Almentero J, Pinzón D, Böhlke M, Siefken K, Pratt M, Ramirez-Varela A. Gender Differences in Physical Activity and Health-Related Authorships Between 1950 and 2019. J Phys Act Health 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38531350 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate gender differences in authorship in physical activity and health research. METHODS A bibliometric study including 23,399 articles from 105 countries was conducted to estimate the participation of female researchers in physical activity publications from 1950 to 2019. The frequency of female researchers was analyzed and classified by first and last authors and the overall percentage of female authors by region and country. RESULTS The proportion of female first authors increased from <10% in the 50s and 80s to 55% in the last decade. On the other hand, the proportion of last authors increased from 8.7% to 41.1% in the same period. Most publications with female researchers were from the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil, the Netherlands, Spain, England, Germany, Sweden, and China. Nine of these countries had over 50% of the articles published by female first authors. However, in all 10 countries, <50% of the articles were published by female last authors. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of female researchers increased over time. However, regional differences exist and should be addressed in gender equity policies. There is a gap in the participation of female researchers as last authors. By actively addressing the gender gap in research, the global society can harness the full potential of all talented individuals, regardless of gender, leading to more inclusive and impactful scientific advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ribes Kohn
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Curi Hallal
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Julia Almentero
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diana Pinzón
- National Institute of Health, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Maristela Böhlke
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Katja Siefken
- Department Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy & Health, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Pratt
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Ramirez-Varela
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
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Wang DK, Clark LM, Stephens LD, Adkins BD, Khan SS, Booth GS, Jacobs JW. Analysis of editor in chief gender and associated journal variables among 126 pathology journals. Am J Clin Pathol 2024:aqae018. [PMID: 38437878 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gender equity studies have shown that women are underrepresented in journal editor in chief positions, which confer major professional opportunities and influence. We sought to systematically investigate editor in chief gender and journal attributes within pathology. METHODS We constructed a journal data set using the Scimago Journal & Country Rank and Clarivate Journal Citation Reports databases. We also included official journals of the major medical societies for the 12 pathology subspecialties recognized by the Association of American Medical Colleges. The final data set included 126 journals. We obtained editor in chief gender, impact factor, publication model (ie, hybrid access vs open access), year of founding, and geographic location for all included pathology journals. RESULTS Women made up only 18% of the 141 total editor in chief positions. This inequity was present irrespective of all pathology journal variables studied. Among 10 journals with 2 editor in chief positions, 5 had only men and 5 had 1 man and 1 woman. All 3 journals with 3 editor in chief positions had 2 men and 1 woman. CONCLUSIONS Women are significantly underrepresented among editor in chiefs across pathology journals. Journals and affiliated members should advocate for diversity among these influential positions, given their impact on research, science, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayle K Wang
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, US
| | - Landon M Clark
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, US
| | - Laura D Stephens
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, US
| | - Brian D Adkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, US
| | - Shazia S Khan
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US
| | - Garrett S Booth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, US
| | - Jeremy W Jacobs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US
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Keenan BP, Sibley A, Zhang L, Westring AF, Velazquez AI, Bank EM, Bergsland EK, Boreta L, Conroy P, Daras M, Hermiston M, Hsu G, Paris PL, Piawah S, Sinha S, Sosa JA, Tsang M, Venook AP, Wong M, Yom SS, Van Loon K. Evaluation of Culture Conducive to Academic Success by Gender at a Comprehensive Cancer Center. Oncologist 2024; 29:e351-e359. [PMID: 37440206 PMCID: PMC10911925 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary objective of this study was to determine whether workplace culture in academic oncology differed by gender, during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the Culture Conducive to Women's Academic Success (CCWAS), a validated survey tool, to investigate the academic climate at an NCI-designated Cancer Center. We adapted the CCWAS to be applicable to people of all genders. The full membership of the Cancer Center was surveyed (total faculty = 429). The questions in each of 4 CCWAS domains (equal access to opportunities, work-life balance, freedom from gender bias, and leadership support) were scored using a 5-point Likert scale. Median score and interquartile ranges for each domain were calculated. RESULTS A total of 168 respondents (men = 58, women = 106, n = 4 not disclosed) submitted survey responses. The response rate was 39% overall and 70% among women faculty. We found significant differences in perceptions of workplace culture by gender, both in responses to individual questions and in the overall score in the following domains: equal access to opportunities, work-life balance, and leader support, and in the total score for the CCWAS. CONCLUSIONS Our survey is the first of its kind completed during the COVID-19 pandemic at an NCI-designated Cancer Center, in which myriad factors contributed to burnout and workplace challenges. These results point to specific issues that detract from the success of women pursuing careers in academic oncology. Identifying these issues can be used to design and implement solutions to improve workforce culture, mitigate gender bias, and retain faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget P Keenan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Sibley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa F Westring
- Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Driehaus College of Business, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana I Velazquez
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin M Bank
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily K Bergsland
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Boreta
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Conroy
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mariza Daras
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Hermiston
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gerald Hsu
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela L Paris
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sorbarikor Piawah
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sumi Sinha
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie A Sosa
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mazie Tsang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan P Venook
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melisa Wong
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sue S Yom
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Van Loon
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Giannakakos VP, Syed M, Culican SM, Rosenberg JB. The status of women in academic ophthalmology: Authorship of papers, presentations, and academic promotions. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:137-147. [PMID: 38214049 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
As the field of ophthalmology has evolved in the last several decades, so has the gender distribution of ophthalmologists. We conducted a narrative review to further characterise the status of women in the realm of publication, presentations, editorial positions, grants, academic promotion, and financial compensation. While the proportion of women publishing, presenting, and filling academic and editorial roles has increased over time, it still does not match that of men. Women are more likely to be first authors instead of senior authors, have lower average h-indices, and are awarded fewer grants. The magnitude of some of these differences is smaller when adjusted for women's shorter career duration on average. Despite increased representation of women in ophthalmology, women continue to receive less compensation for the same work. This review highlights that more can be done to improve gender parity in ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki P Giannakakos
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center / Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Misha Syed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan M Culican
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jamie B Rosenberg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center / Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Labbouz S, Khan S, Gohara M, Lucas J, Sarkar R, Murrell DF, Dodiuk-Gad RP. Meeting report: Women's Dermatology Society Forum at the 25th World Congress of Dermatology, Singapore, 2023. Int J Womens Dermatol 2024; 10:e125. [PMID: 38240008 PMCID: PMC10796140 DOI: 10.1097/jw9.0000000000000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Labbouz
- Department of Dermatology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sidra Khan
- Department of Dermatology, Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Department of Clinical Sciences and International Public Health, The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mona Gohara
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer Lucas
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rashmi Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Dedee F. Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roni P. Dodiuk-Gad
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Azria E, Haaser T, Schmitz T, Froeliger A, Bouchghoul H, Madar H, Pineles BL, Sentilhes L. The ethics of induction of labor at 39 weeks in low-risk nulliparas in research and clinical practice. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:S775-S782. [PMID: 37633577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The "A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management" trial (ARRIVE trial) published in 2018 suggested that induction of labor can be considered a "reasonable option" for low-risk nulliparous women at ≥39 weeks of gestation. The study results led some professional societies to endorse the option for elective induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation in low-risk nulliparas, and this has begun to change obstetrical practice. The ARRIVE trial provided valuable information supporting the benefits of induction of labor; however, the trial is insufficient to serve as the primary justification for widespread elective induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation in low-risk nulliparas because of concerns about external validity. Thus, the French ARRIVE trial was designed to test the hypothesis in a different setting that elective induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation in low-risk nulliparas leads to a lower cesarean delivery rate than expectant management. This ongoing trial has been criticized as "pseudoscientific" and telling "women where, when, and how to give birth." We reject these allegations and extensively examine the ethical framework that should govern clinical and research interventions, including elective induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation in low-risk nulliparas. This study aimed to discuss the ethical issues that emerge from randomized trials of elective induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation in low-risk nulliparas and the ethics of the clinical practice itself. The analysis of existing evidence shows the importance of further research on induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation in low-risk women. Certain aspects of research ethics in this area, particularly the consent of pregnant women in a context where autonomy remains fragile, call for vigilance. In addition, we emphasize that childbirth is not only a medical object but also a social phenomenon that cannot be regarded only from the perspective of a health risk to be managed by clinical research. Further research on this issue is needed to allow pregnant women to make informed decisions, and the results should be integrated with social issues. The perspective of women is required in constructing, evaluating, and implementing medical interventions in childbirth, such as induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Azria
- Maternity Unit, Hospital Paris Saint-Joseph, FHU PREMA, Paris, France; Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, CRESS, EPOPé, INSERM, INRA, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thibaud Haaser
- Health and Research Ethics Centre, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Sciences, Philosophie, Humanités, Université de Bordeaux-Université Bordeaux-Montaigne, Domaine Universitaire, Pessac, France
| | - Thomas Schmitz
- Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, CRESS, EPOPé, INSERM, INRA, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Alizée Froeliger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hanane Bouchghoul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hugo Madar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Beth L Pineles
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Loïc Sentilhes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Stewart CH, Carter J, Purcell N, Balkin M, Birch J, Pearce GC, Makar T. Does gender still matter in the pursuit of a career in anaesthesia? Anaesth Intensive Care 2024; 52:113-126. [PMID: 38006609 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x231212210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
A survey sent to fellows of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) aimed to document issues affecting gender equity in the anaesthesia workplace. A response rate of 38% was achieved, with women representing a greater proportion of respondents (64.2%). On average women worked fewer hours than men and spent a larger percentage of time in public practice; however, satisfaction rates were similar between genders. There was a gender pay gap which could not be explained by the number of hours worked or years since achieving fellowship. The rates of bullying and harassment were high among all genders and have not changed in 20 years since the first gender equity survey by Strange Khursandi in 1998. Women perceived that they were more likely to be discriminated against particularly in the presence of other sources of discrimination, and highlighted the importance of the need for diversity and inclusion in anaesthetic workplaces. Furthermore, women reported higher rates of caregiving and unpaid domestic responsibilities, confirming that anaesthetists are not immune to the factors affecting broader society despite our professional status. The overall effect was summarised by half of female respondents reporting that they felt their gender was a barrier to a career in anaesthesia. While unable to be included in statistics due to low numbers, non-binary gendered anaesthetists responded and must be included in all future work. The inequities documented here are evidence that ANZCA's gender equity subcommittee must continue promoting and implementing policies in workplaces across Australia and New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire H Stewart
- Department of Anaesthesia, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Jane Carter
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Natalie Purcell
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Maryanne Balkin
- Department of Anaesthesia, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julia Birch
- Department of Anaesthesia, St Vincents Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Greta C Pearce
- Department of Anaesthesia, Te Whatu Ora Waitemata, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Timothy Makar
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
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15
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Feldman T. The elusive nature of neutrality: The role of values in couple therapy. Fam Process 2024. [PMID: 38424739 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This paper will explore the role of the therapist's values in couple therapy and the challenge these values pose to therapeutic neutrality. It will illuminate how the therapist's values shape what is considered healthy and unhealthy, functional and dysfunctional, and hence frame the problem the couple therapist seeks to treat. Values have particular relevance for couple treatment because the conversations the couple therapist facilitates may unwittingly privilege one partner's needs and wishes over the other's, creating the potential for therapeutic misalliances. This paper will explore common values and their impact on treatment, including the values of monogamy, gender equity, and talk intimacy (emotional expression as a path to intimacy). It will conclude by discussing how couple therapists can avoid partisanship with one partner and maintain a balanced approach in their couple work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Feldman
- The Psychodynamic Couple and Family Institute of New England, Needham, Massachusetts, USA
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Leão T, Doetsch J, Henriques A, Fraga S. Is gender equality associated with a longer healthier life? Ecological evidence from 27 European countries. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024; 46:136-143. [PMID: 38061766 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between gender equality and higher life expectancies has been described. Yet, little is known about its association with healthy life expectancy (HLE), or which domains are consistently associated with longer and healthier lives. We aimed to study the association between country-level gender equality, its domains and subdomains, with life expectancy and HLE in Europe, from 2013 to 2019. METHODS We combined life and HLE estimates from Eurostat with the Gender Equality Index and its 'work', 'knowledge', 'money', 'time' and 'power' domains and respective subdomains, for 27 European countries. Associations were estimated using panel data regression analyses adjusted for Gross Domestic Product, healthcare expenditure and Gini coefficient. RESULTS Higher life and healthy life expectancies were found in country years with higher gender equality, both for men and women. Associations were particularly consistent for the 'work' (βHLE-men = 0.59; βHLE-women = 0.59; P < 0.05) and 'power' domains (βHLE-men = 0.09; βHLE-women = 0.12, P < 0.01), especially for the 'work participation', 'political' and 'economic power' subdomains. CONCLUSION These results point to a country-level association between gender equality and life and healthy life expectancies, suggesting that gender disparities in 'work participation' and 'political' and 'economic power' play a role in the health of women and men through their aging course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Leão
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Julia Doetsch
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Henriques
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Fraga
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 Porto, Portugal
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Néri A, Xavier R, Matos S, Almeida M, Ladeira R, Lopes A, Lino D, Lázaro A, Cairutas R, Silva J, Lima J, Chaves M, Silva R, Silva G. Factors associated with non-treatment of hypertension and gender differences at baseline in the ELSA-Brasil cohort. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e12937. [PMID: 38359271 PMCID: PMC10868185 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of arterial hypertension (AH) contributes to the reduction of morbidity and mortality. Gender differences are likely to play a role, as non-treatment is associated with clinical and sociodemographic aspects. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with non-treatment of AH and gender differences in hypertensive individuals from the ELSA-Brasil cohort. The study was conducted with 5,743 baseline hypertensive cohort participants. AH was considered if there was a previous diagnosis or if systolic blood pressure (SBP) was ≥140 and/or diastolic BP (DBP) was ≥90 mmHg. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data, lifestyle, comorbidities, and use of antihypertensive medications were evaluated through interviews and in-person measurements. Treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) or other antihypertensive medications and non-treatment were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression. Non-treatment was observed in 32.8% of hypertensive individuals. Of the 67.7% treated individuals, 41.1% received RAASi. Non-treatment was associated with alcohol consumption in women (OR=1.41; 95%CI: 1.15-1.73; P=0.001), lowest schooling level in men (OR=1.70; 95%CI: 1.32-2.19; P<0.001), and younger age groups in men and women (strongest association in males aged 35-44 years: OR=4.58, 95%CI: 3.17-6.6, P<0.001). Among those using RAASi, a higher proportion of white, older individuals, and with more comorbidities was observed. The high percentage of non-treatment, even in this civil servant population, indicated the need to improve the treatment cascade for AH. Public health policies should consider giving special attention to gender roles in groups at higher risk of non-treatment to reduce inequities related to AH in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.K.M. Néri
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R.M.F. Xavier
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - S.M.A. Matos
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - M.C.C. Almeida
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - R.M. Ladeira
- Hospital João XXIII, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - A.A. Lopes
- Departamento de Medicina Interna/Nefrologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - D.O.C. Lino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A.P.P. Lázaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R.V.B.M. Cairutas
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J.H. Silva
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J.M.O. Lima
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M.C. Chaves
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R.P. Silva
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - G.B. Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Asturias AM, Wague A, Feeley LA, Senter C, Pandya N, Feeley BT. Gender Disparities in Endowed Professorships Within Orthopaedic Surgery. Cureus 2024; 16:e55180. [PMID: 38558644 PMCID: PMC10980600 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Orthopaedic surgery has the lowest number of full-time faculty positions held by women, at 19%, with endowed chairs among the most coveted and advantageous. We examined the characteristics of endowed professors from the US top 100 orthopaedic academic centers and highest-funded musculoskeletal (MSK) researchers to determine if gender is associated with endowed professorship. Additionally, we sought to determine if gender is associated with increased NIH funding for top-performing musculoskeletal researchers. Methods Our primary study group included the top 100 orthopaedic academic centers defined by US News World Report and Doximity's rankings. Our secondary study group examined the top MSK researchers, defined as principal investigators, who received >$400,000 in annual NIH funding from 2018 to 2021. Orthopaedic departments included MSK researchers and subspecialties within orthopaedics and medicine. Publicly available sources were used to compile institutional, gender, H-index, citation number, and subspecialty data on endowed professors; statistical comparisons were calculated. Results Within the top 100 orthopaedic academic departments, 4674 faculty were identified. Seven hundred and thirty-three (15.68%) were identified as women, 3941 as men (84.32%). One hundred and ninety-four held endowed professorships; 13 were awarded to women (6.7%), and 185 (95.3%) were awarded to men, with a significant odds ratio (OR) of 2.95, favoring men. For MSK researchers, the OR increases to 11.4. Arthroplasty and sports had the highest numbers of endowments. Significant differences in H-index, publications, and graduation year were identified between men and women for top MSK researchers and orthopaedic-trained surgeons; however, these differences disappeared when considering heterogenous orthopaedic departments that included medicine subspecialties, plastic surgery, hand surgery, and neurosurgery. Additional gender differences were observed in endowment names, with awards commemorating 51.5% men, 7.2% women, and 34% families or groups. Conclusion Gender inequities at the endowment level are substantial, and there are very few women in musculoskeletal medicine to achieve endowments. Differences in H-index, publications, and graduation year between men and women MSK researchers and orthopaedic-trained surgeons, but not combined orthopaedic, PM&R, and medical subspecialty departments, suggest unique challenges in orthopaedic surgery environments and histories that may contribute to endowment disparity. Gender was not found to be associated with funding bias for top-performing musculoskeletal researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Asturias
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Aboubacar Wague
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Leena A Feeley
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Carlin Senter
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Nirav Pandya
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Brian T Feeley
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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Manan MR, Nawaz I, Rahman S, Manan H. Diversity, equity, and inclusion in medical education journals: An evaluation of editorial board composition. Med Teach 2024; 46:280-288. [PMID: 37634062 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2249212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE As editorial boards (EBs) of medical education journals (MEJs) hold substantial control over framing current medical education scholarship, we aimed to evaluate representation of women as well as geographic and socioeconomic diversity on EBs of these journals. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our cross-sectional study, Composite Editorial Board Diversity Score (CEBDS) was used to evaluate diversity at gender, geographic region, and country income level. Websites of MEJs were screened for relevant information. Job titles were categorized into 3 editorial roles and data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. RESULTS Out of 42 MEJs, 19 journals (45.2%) were published from the Global South. Among 1219 editors, 57.5% were men. Out of 46 editors in chief (EICs), 34.7% were women, and 60.9% were based in high income countries. No EIC belonged to low-income country. The proportion of female advisory board members was found to be positively correlated with the presence of a female EIC. Moreover, 2 journals achieved the maximum CEBDS. All editors belonged to the same World Bank income group and geographic region for 12 and 8 journals respectively. CONCLUSIONS In order to allow a truly global perspective in medical education to prevail, diversity and inclusivity on these journals become important parameters to address. Thus, promoting policies centered on improving diversity in all aspects should become a top priority.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iqra Nawaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sara Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamna Manan
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
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Hefez J, Mulunda JC, Tumba AM, Mpoyi M, Dabash R. Domestication of the Maputo Protocol in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Leveraging regional human rights commitments for abortion decriminalization and access. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 164 Suppl 1:12-20. [PMID: 38360032 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The Maputo Protocol, adopted over 20 years ago, is a promising regional treaty for advancing gender equity and sexual and reproductive health and rights. This instrument has driven progress in women's health and rights across Africa, with much remaining to achieve to realize its full potential for women and girls, including access to safe abortion. The present paper shares the strategies and lessons from the Democratic Republic of Congo's (DRC) reform centered on the domestication of the Protocol, specifically applying its commitments on abortion decriminalization and access. With a vision of addressing maternal mortality and rectifying the impacts of widespread sexual violence against women during war, abortion as a human right and health imperative was at the heart of the DRC's reform. Governmental commitment, broad coalition building, evidence generation, and an intersectional advocacy agenda were critical to overcoming opposition, stigma, and other challenges. This paper shares key learnings from the DRC's complex yet collaborative reform strategies and its processes. The strategy prioritized domestication of the Protocol for numerous reforms, including paving the path to legal abortion on the broad grounds of rape or incest, and saving women's health and/or life. With a commitment to maximizing quality, access, task sharing, and equity, progressive national comprehensive abortion guidelines were created alongside an implementation roadmap for accountability. The DRC's experience leveraging the Maputo Protocol's obligations to advance abortion rights and access offers valuable insights for consideration globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne-Marie Tumba
- National Reproductive Health Program (PNSR), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Mike Mpoyi
- Ipas, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Kono E, Nomura S, Sakamoto T, Okoshi K, Tanaka C, Shirabe K, Lee SW, Kitagawa Y. Gender equity in surgical instruments: ergonomics of ring-handled forceps. MINIM INVASIV THER 2024; 33:21-28. [PMID: 37782336 DOI: 10.1080/13645706.2023.2261533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Female surgeons have ergonomic issues with commercialized instruments tailored for male surgeons. The purpose of this study was to identify satisfaction levels and ergonomic problems of female surgeons while using laparoscopic forceps with ring-handles and suggest improvement measures. MATERIAL AND METHODS A questionnaire was sent to 19,405 members of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery via email between 1 August 2022 and 30 September 2022. It included demographic information and specific questions regarding the use of laparoscopic forceps with ring- handles (ergonomic evaluation, influence of the negative aspects of laparoscopic forceps during surgery, physical discomfort in the hands and fingers, degree of satisfaction, and handle size). RESULTS Valid responses were received from 1,030 respondents (131 female and 899 male surgeons). The ergonomics of the laparoscopic forceps with ring-handles were rated lower by female surgeons in all ten categories (all p value < 0.05). They also reported a negative impact on surgical manipulation and discomfort to their hands and fingers. CONCLUSIONS Female surgeons had a wide variety of ergonomic problems when using laparoscopic forceps with ring-handles, and showed lower levels of satisfaction. Developing a different model tailored to female surgeons with smaller hands and a weaker grip could be a viable solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Kono
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Nomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kae Okoshi
- Department of Surgery, Japan Baptist Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sang-Woong Lee
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Gisselbaek M, Hontoir S, Pesonen AE, Seidel L, Geniets B, Steen E, Barreto Chang OL, Saxena S. Impostor syndrome in anaesthesiology primarily affects female and junior physicians ☆. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:407-409. [PMID: 37884406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Gisselbaek
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care, and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Hontoir
- Department of Anaesthesiology UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Laurence Seidel
- B-STAT, Biostatistics and Research Method Center of ULiège and CHU of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Evi Steen
- Department of Anaesthesiology-Critical Care, Az Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Odmara L Barreto Chang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Saxena
- Department of Anaesthesiology-Critical Care, Az Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Bruges, Belgium.
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Beltrán Ponce S, Jagsi R, Florez N, Thomas CR, Banerjee A, Jasti S, Bailey MM, Lawton CAF, Johnstone C, Clarke CN, Bedi M, Jovanovic M, Saeed H. Can I Leave? Perspectives on Parental Leave and Parenthood in Medical Training Among Program Directors and Trainees in Oncologic Specialties. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:218-227. [PMID: 38011014 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Peak fertility commonly occurs during medical training, and delaying parenthood can complicate pregnancies. Trainee parental leave policies are varied and lack transparency. Research on the impacts of parenthood on trainee education is limited. Methods: A Qualtrics-based survey was distributed via e-mail/social media to program directors (PDs) within oncologic specialties with a request to forward a parallel survey to trainees. Questions assessed awareness of parental leave policies, supportiveness of parenthood, and impacts on trainee education. Statistical analyses included descriptive frequencies and bivariable comparisons by key groups. Results: A total of 195 PDs and 286 trainees responded. Twelve percent and 29% of PDs were unsure of maternity/paternity leave options, respectively. PDs felt they were more supportive of trainee parenthood than trainees perceived they were. Thirty-nine percent of nonparent trainees (NPTs) would have children already if not in medicine, and >80% of women trainees were concerned about declining fertility. Perceived impacts of parenthood on trainee overall education and academic productivity were more negative for women trainees when rated by PDs and NPTs; however, men/women parents self-reported equal impacts. Leave burden was perceived as higher for women trainees. Conclusions: A significant portion of PDs lack awareness of parental leave policies, highlighting needs for increased transparency. Trainees' perception of PD support for parenthood is less than PD self-reported support. Alongside significant rates of delayed parenthood and fertility concerns, this poses a problem for trainees seeking to start a family, particularly women who are perceived more negatively. Further work is needed to create a supportive culture for trainee parenthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Beltrán Ponce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Narjust Florez
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Cancer Care Equity Program, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles R Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Anjishnu Banerjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shravya Jasti
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Morgan M Bailey
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Colleen A F Lawton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Candice Johnstone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Callisia N Clarke
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Meena Bedi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Hina Saeed
- Baptist Health Medical Group, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
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24
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Collazo A, Yu X, Jan Q, Xie CZ, Campbell KM. Trends Among Women in Academic Medicine Faculty Ranks. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024. [PMID: 38190298 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Similar proportions of women and men have entered medical school since 2003. However, career advancement and promotion for women continues to be fraught with disparities and inequalities. Building on current literature, this study explores the rates of change of female faculty in faculty ranks over the last 10 years to gain a more comprehensive view of the faculty trends of women in academic medicine. Methods: Using the Faculty Administrative Management Online User System database, counts by gender and faculty rank at each Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) academic medical school were obtained. Statistical analysis was done using generalized estimating equations modeling to assess rates of change for each gender from 2012 to 2021. Results: Higher proportions of female faculty are concentrated at the Instructor and Assistant Professor level and lower proportions at the Associate Professor and Professor rank compared to male faculty. Over the study period, female faculty showed increased rate change compared to male faculty of 1.007 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002-1.012) for Associate Professor rank and 1.012 (95% CI: 1.007-1.016) for Professor rank. At the Instructor and Assistant Professor levels, female faculty decreased at a relative rate of 0.980 (95% CI: 0.969-0.990) and 0.995 (95% CI: 0.992-0.997) each year, respectively. Conclusion: Female faculty continue to be concentrated at the junior faculty rank. Rate changes at the senior faculty rank for female faculty have slightly improved over the last 10 years compared to male faculty. However, this improvement is minimal, and work is still needed to achieve true gender equity in academic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Collazo
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Quratulanne Jan
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Cathy Z Xie
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Kendall M Campbell
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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25
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Ndabashinze B, Nchanji EB, Lutomia CK, Nduwarugira E, Hakizimana MB, Mayugi I. Closing gender gaps through gender-responsive, demand-led breeding in Burundi. Front Sociol 2024; 8:1264816. [PMID: 38249162 PMCID: PMC10797048 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1264816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Gender inequality persists in Burundi's agricultural sector, especially in the bean value chain dominated by women. Women often have less access to improved seeds and to productive technologies. Interventions dubbed "gender-responsive plant breeding" have been launched to develop new varieties to address the gender gaps in variety adoption. Gender responsive planting breeding in Burundi targets to develop bean varieties that respond better to gendered varietal and trait preferences. This paper provides a background of gender-responsive bean breeding in Burundi, documenting the methodologies that were used to integrate gender issues in bean breeding and socio-economic research. It also covers successes of gender-responsive breeding to date, primarily focusing the interdisciplinary teams that drove the process, development and release of varieties that incorporated traits favored by women and men actors. Evidence from surveys and value chain analysis reveal that gender-responsive breeding program increased the adoption of improved varieties by women and improved yields and productivity. The paper reveals that gender-responsive and demand-led bean breeding programs require stakeholders engagements to develop products that align with preferences of diverse actors at different nodes of the bean value chain.
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26
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Goldowsky A, Singh R, Moss A. Speaker Diversity and Audience Ratings at a National Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Conference. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:78-82. [PMID: 36932989 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to improve speaker diversity at gastroenterology conferences, but little public data exist to quantify this. In addition, the perception of diverse speakers by conference audiences is not appreciated. We sought to identify time trends in speaker profiles and audience ratings at a national inflammatory bowel diseases conference. METHODS Faculty profiles and audience feedback forms from 2014 to 2020 were reviewed for an annual inflammatory bowel diseases meeting. Speaker demographics including gender, race, and years of experience post-training were collected. Continuing medical education surveys were examined for audience ratings of speakers' knowledge level and teaching ability. RESULTS Six years of data were collected, including 560 main program faculty and 13 905 total feedback forms. The percentage of female speakers increased from 25% in 2016 to 39% in 2020. All-male panels decreased from 47% in 2014 to 2017 to 11% in 2018 to 2020. Racial diversity of speakers remained unchanged (13% Asian, 5% Hispanic/Latinx, 1% Black). In audience feedback forms, female speakers from all sessions were perceived as having equal knowledge base and teaching ability compared with male speakers. However, speakers with <10 years of experience post-training were viewed as less knowledgeable and with poorer teaching abilities compared with more senior faculty. CONCLUSIONS Gender diversity at inflammatory bowel disease conferences is improving. However, there remain significant gaps, particularly in racial diversity and improving perceptions of early-career speakers. These data should inform program committees for future gastroenterology conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Goldowsky
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roshni Singh
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan Moss
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Terry PE. Ken the Movie: Allyship and When KENough is not Enough. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:8-11. [PMID: 37850589 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231210075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
This editorial reviews Barbie the Movie in the context of workplace and community health and well-being. Issues of gender equity, patriarchy, and the role of women in empowering women were all factors that were dealt with thoughtfully and poignantly in the movie's script. A missed opportunity in the movie related to the role men could play as allies in the gender equity movement. Hence, I set out to reconcile this omission by proposing a story line for Ken the Movie. I present gender and health disparities as problems that will require leadership in, and best thinking about, gender equality from both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Terry
- The Health Enhancement Research Organization (HERO), American Journal of Health Promotion, AZ, USA
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28
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Plesons M, Torondel B, Caruso BA, Hennegan J, Sommer M, Haver J, Keiser D, van Eijk AM, Zulaika G, Mason L, Phillips-Howard PA. Research priorities for improving menstrual health across the life-course in low- and middle-income countries. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2279396. [PMID: 38010372 PMCID: PMC10795652 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2279396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on menstrual health is required to understand menstrual needs and generate solutions to improve health, wellbeing, and productivity. The identification of research priorities will help inform where to invest efforts and resources. OBJECTIVES To identify research priorities for menstrual health across the life-course, in consultation with a range of stakeholder groups from a variety of geographic regions, and to identify if menstrual health research priorities varied by expertise. METHODS A modified version of the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative approach was utilized to reach consensus on a set of research priorities. Multisector stakeholders with menstrual health expertise, identified through networks and the literature, were invited to submit research questions through an online survey. Responses were consolidated, and individuals were invited to rank these questions based on novelty, potential for intervention, and importance/impact. Research priority scores were calculated and evaluated by participants' characteristics. RESULTS Eighty-two participants proposed 1135 research questions, which were consolidated into 94 unique research questions. The mean number of questions did not differ between low- and middle-income country (LMIC) and high-income country (HIC) participants, but significantly more questions were raised by participants with expertise in mental health and WASH. Sixty-six participants then ranked these questions. The top ten-ranked research questions included four on 'understanding the problem', four on 'designing and implementing interventions', one on 'integrating and scaling up', and one on 'measurement'. Indicators for the measurement of adequate menstrual health over time was ranked the highest priority by all stakeholders. Top ten-ranked research questions differed between academics and non-academics, and between participants from HICs and LMICs, reflecting differences in needs and knowledge gaps. CONCLUSIONS A list of ranked research priorities was generated through a consultative process with stakeholders across LMICs and HICs which can inform where to invest efforts and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Plesons
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Belen Torondel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Bethany A. Caruso
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie Hennegan
- Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marni Sommer
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Haver
- School Health and Nutrition, Department of Education and Children Protection, Save the Children US, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Anna M. van Eijk
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Garazi Zulaika
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Linda Mason
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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29
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Adom-Aboagye NAA, Burnett C. The underrepresentation of women in sport leadership in South Africa. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1186485. [PMID: 38192374 PMCID: PMC10773831 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1186485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The lack of representation of women in sport leadership, despite global movements and policies that have found some traction, is a persistent, unremitting challenge globally, and especially in South Africa. This study aimed to explore the intersections of gender and sports ideology and its impact on gender (in) equity in the South African context. The study draws on African feminist theories and perspectives as a conceptual framework. Methods Twenty-eight interviews with prominent administrators, gender activists in sport, and practitioners from the sport-for-development sector and thematic document analysis provided qualitative data for the generation of three main themes relating to: (i) norms and values; (ii) male resistance; and (iii) agency. Results The results of the study show minimal traction on changing patriarchally informed cultural beliefs towards women with men as gatekeepers and masculinity framed for leadership attributes in most sports. Discussion Within an African feminist viewpoint, gender justice is multilayered and the inclusion of women within a holistic environment of shared decision-making and equitable resource mobilisation and distribution cannot be achieved through advocacy alone but necessitate the mainstreaming of a gender agenda to meaningfully address transformative change of sport systems and practices.
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30
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Alonso-Nanclares L. Editorial: Women in Neuroanatomy. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1343539. [PMID: 38162284 PMCID: PMC10756899 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1343539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Alonso-Nanclares
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Bryce-Alberti M, Dutta R, Sana H, Raykar NP, Griggs C. The Paradoxical Criticism of Gender Parity in Surgery. J Surg Educ 2023; 80:1748-1750. [PMID: 37648578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The present work explores a controversy surrounding gender equity in surgical residency programs, particularly focusing on the Stanford University and University of Washington (UW) General Surgery Residency cohorts. While the Stanford cohort, which consisted mostly of women, faced criticism from nonmedical audiences claiming that gender was prioritized over qualifications, the all-male radiology residents received less attention and fewer criticisms. The article highlights the double standards and challenges the notion of meritocracy. It discusses the gender and racial disparities in surgical residency programs, emphasizing the need for diversity and inclusion. The presence of diverse female representation is seen as a valuable asset that brings compassion, teamwork, and inclusive leadership to the field. The article calls for active support from institutions, male allies, and transparency in collecting applicant demographic data to address biases and promote gender diversity in surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Bryce-Alberti
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Rohini Dutta
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Mary Horigan Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hamaiyal Sana
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nakul P Raykar
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Trauma Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cornelia Griggs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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32
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Malhotra K, Dagli MM, Gujral J, Santangelo G, Goyal K, Wathen C, Ozturk AK, Welch WC. Global and Gender Equity in Oligodendroglioma Research: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis Following the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cureus 2023; 15:e51161. [PMID: 38283488 PMCID: PMC10812378 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrogliomas are rare brain tumors arising from oligodendrocytes; there is a limited understanding of their pathogenesis, which leads to challenges in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the oligodendroglioma literature to assess the current state of research, identify research trends, and elucidate implications for future research. The Lens® database was used to retrieve journal articles related to "oligodendroglioma" without geographic or temporal restrictions. Year-on-year trends in publication and funding were analyzed. Global and gender equity were assessed using the Namsor® Application programming interface. Collaboration patterns were explored using network visualizations. Keyword analysis revealed the most prominent themes in oligodendroglioma research. Out of 9701 articles initially retrieved, 8381 scholarly journal articles were included in the final analysis. Publication trends showed a consistent increase until 2020, followed by a sharp decline likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Global representation revealed researchers from 86 countries, with limited participation from low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Gender inequity was evident, with 78.7% of researchers being male. Collaboration analysis revealed a highly interconnected research community. Prognosis, genetic aberrations (particularly "IDH" mutations), and therapeutic options (including chemotherapy and radiotherapy) emerged as dominant research themes. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted oligodendroglioma research funding and publication trends, highlighting the importance of robust funding mechanisms. Global and gender inequities in research participation underscore the need for fostering inclusive collaboration, especially in LMICs. The interconnected research community presents opportunities for knowledge exchange and innovation. Keyword analysis highlights current research trends and a shift to genetic and molecular understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Malhotra
- Department of Surgery, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, IND
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, GBR
| | - Mert Marcel Dagli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jaskeerat Gujral
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Gabrielle Santangelo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Kashish Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, IND
| | - Connor Wathen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ali K Ozturk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - William C Welch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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33
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Ranasinghe PD, Zhou A. Women physicians and the COVID-19 pandemic: gender-based impacts and potential interventions. Ann Med 2023; 55:319-324. [PMID: 36594806 PMCID: PMC9815224 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2164046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: These are extraordinary times caused by the first global pandemic in our modern era. Physicians and other frontline healthcare providers face unique challenges, for which they have had little formal preparation. This combination of challenge and deficit leads to significant negative impacts, not only on what medical practices and health care systems can deliver to the public, but also on the individual healthcare providers themselves.Methods: In this essay, we specifically address women physicians, and explore the considerable impact they bear from the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the contexts of response to stress, social isolation, work-life integration, and autonomy. Because the language we use is important, we think it necessary to clarify that when we refer to 'women physicians,' we are referring to physicians that self-identify as women, and we acknowledge that not all the references we cite may use the same definition.Results: We offer several potential interventions that turn the challenges women physicians are facing into opportunities to address longstanding inequity. These interventions include tackling barriers to work-life balance, addressing gender and maternal bias, and promoting women physician representation in leadership.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to become a chronic part of our lives; protecting vulnerable populations, such as women physicians, through thoughtful intervention is paramount.KEY MESSAGESWomen physicians experience considerable adversity during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the contexts of response to stress, social isolation, work-life integration, and autonomy.These challenges create opportunities for interventions to improve equity in medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the long-term, including tackling barriers to work-life balance, addressing gender and maternal bias, and promoting women physician representation in leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Zhou
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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34
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Berge JM, Freese R, Macheledt KC, Watson S, Pusalavidyasagar S, Kunin-Batson A, Ghebre R, Lingras K, Church AL, Dwivedi R, Nakib N, McCarty CA, Misono S, Rogers EA, Patel SI, Spencer S. Intersectionality and COVID-19: Academic Medicine Faculty's Lived Experiences of Well-Being, Workload, and Productivity During the Pandemic. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:1351-1362. [PMID: 37930683 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to utilize an intersectional framework to examine academic faculty's lived experiences during COVID-19. Specifically, we set out to: (1) describe the multiple intersectional identities (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, rank, caregiver status, disability status) represented by the faculty, (2) examine potential disparities in well-being, workload, and productivity linked to these intersectional factors, and (3) identify qualitative themes endorsed by faculty as they relate to lived experiences during COVID-19. Methods: This was a cross-sectional mixed-methods research study. The Center for Women in Medicine and Science (CWIMS) at the University of Minnesota developed and implemented a survey between February-June of 2021 in response to national reports of disparities in the impacts of COVID-19 on faculty with lived experiences from multiple intersections. Results: There were 291 full-time faculty who participated in the study. Quantitative findings indicated that faculty with multiple intersectional identities (e.g., woman+assistant professor+caregiver+underrepresented in medicine) reported greater depression symptoms, work/family conflict, and stress in contrast to faculty with fewer intersectional identities. Furthermore, faculty with more intersectional identities reported higher clinical workloads and service responsibilities and lower productivity with regard to research article submissions, publications, and grant submissions in contrast to faculty with fewer intersectional identities. Qualitative findings supported quantitative findings and broadened understanding of potential underlying reasons. Conclusions: Findings confirm anecdotal evidence that faculty with lived experiences from multiple intersections may be disproportionately experiencing negative outcomes from the pandemic. These findings can inform decisions about how to address these disparities moving into the next several years with regard to promotion and tenure, burnout and well-being, and faculty retention in academic medical settings. Given these findings, it is also important to intentionally plan responses for future public health crises to prevent continued disparities for faculty with multiple intersectional identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerica M Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Women's Health Research Center/Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health (BIRCWH) Program at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebecca Freese
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kait C Macheledt
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sophie Watson
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Global Health and Social Responsibility at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Snigdha Pusalavidyasagar
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alica Kunin-Batson
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rahel Ghebre
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katie Lingras
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - An L Church
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Roli Dwivedi
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nissrine Nakib
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cathy A McCarty
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephanie Misono
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Rogers
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sima I Patel
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sade Spencer
- Center for Women in Medicine and Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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de Almeida NRC, Bentes LGDB, Aranha MFDAC, Lemos RS, dos Santos DR, Yasojima EY. Women in surgery: do surgical specialties keep up with the feminization of medicine in Brazil? Rev Col Bras Cir 2023; 50:e20233614. [PMID: 37991063 PMCID: PMC10644865 DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20233614-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION historically, surgical medical specialties are mostly male, a scenario which, in recent years, has undergone changes. In this sense, despite the relevance of the growth of female participation in the medical career, little is discussed about the distribution between genders of the main surgical medical specialties in the country. OBJECTIVE discuss the process of feminization in surgical specialties in Brazil over the last few years, tracing a distribution profile of these specialties. METHODS this is a retrospective and cross-sectional study with secondary data from the Censuses of Medical Demography in Brazil in the years 2011, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2020 and 2023, including the surgical specialties: Urology, Orthopedics and Traumatology, Thoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Digestive System Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgery, Hand Surgery, General Surgery, Head and Neck Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Ophthalmology, Coloproctology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatric Surgery, and Gynecology and Obstetrics. RESULTS males prevails in numbers, among the surgical specialties, however, with a lower growth rate compared to females. Specialties such as urology, orthopedics and traumatology and neurosurgery are mostly male, while gynecology and obstetrics are female. CONCLUSION it is evident that female participation in the surgical medical field has increased significantly over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rafael Silva Lemos
- - Universidade do Estado do Pará, Laboratório de Cirurgia Experimental - Belém - PA - Brasil
| | - Deivid Ramos dos Santos
- - Universidade do Estado do Pará, Laboratório de Cirurgia Experimental - Belém - PA - Brasil
| | - Edson Yuzur Yasojima
- - Universidade do Estado do Pará, Laboratório de Cirurgia Experimental - Belém - PA - Brasil
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Ma X, Huang S, Shi H, Tan Z, Zhang H, Shi L, Zhang W, Zhong X, Lü M, Chen X, Tang X. Gender authorship trends of gastric cancer in the top journals of gastroenterology: A 20-year perspective. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35915. [PMID: 37960755 PMCID: PMC10637474 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender authorship trends have been explored in varied medical specialties, and no study had observed in the field of gastric cancer. Therefore, we aimed to access whether the "gender gap" in authorship existed in gastric cancer in the leading gastroenterological journals over the last 2 decades. All original articles published from 2000 to 2020 in 9 leading gastroenterological journals were collected. Information on the first and senior author's gender, country of author's institution, and impact factor of journals were collected. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used for data analysis. A total of 5785 original articles were included and analyzed, of which 440 (7.61%) were articles on gastric cancer and 5345 (92.39%) covered other topics. Fewer female authors published original articles as first (19.32%, 85/440) and senior authors (14.32%, 63/440) compared with males. Remarkably, a significant increase in female authorship was discovered. The proportion of female first authors grown from 12.99% to 30.89% during the last 20 years (P < .001), but not in senior authors (P = .175). Multivariable logistic analysis showed that female first authors demonstrated a higher percentage when senior authors were female (odds ratio, 2.040; 95% confidence interval, 1.105-3.769). Although a statistically ascending tendency in female first authors on gastric cancer has been going on over the last 20 years, the exorbitant gender gap still exists. This gap may help explain the continued underrepresentation of women within both clinical work and academic research, and prompt us to look further for the underlying causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lianshui County People’s Hospital, Huaian, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lianshui People’s Hospital of Kangda College Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Huiqin Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhenju Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Muhan Lü
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
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Carson A. A Pressure Release Valve: South Korean Long-Term Care Policy as Supplemental to Family Elder Care. J Aging Soc Policy 2023; 35:756-779. [PMID: 36242768 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2022.2133318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
South Korea's National Long-term Care Insurance (NLTCI) has received international acclaim for its universal continuum-of-care model. Based on 25 qualitative interviews with family caregivers, this research explores the relationship between NLTCI policies and experiences of family caregiving for older people. Caregivers who share care responsibilities or are supported by other family are coping well with minor to moderate policy recommendations. Lone caregivers without support from other family are struggling and express desire for expanded services. These findings highlight a need for more consideration of the influence of family dynamics on informal caregiver burdens. Despite many strengths, NLTCI policy functions as a pressure release valve, supplementing family care for seniors - not replacing it - with minimal gender equity contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Carson
- PhD Candidate, Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Shenvi C, Drake A, Pisano E, Girdler S, Nicholson W, Boggess K. Addressing the Gender Gap in Academic Success: A History of the University of North Carolina Association of Professional Women in the Medical Sciences. Cureus 2023; 15:e49660. [PMID: 38161937 PMCID: PMC10756327 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts at many institutions, nationally, women still lag behind their male counterparts in leadership, promotion, and seniority. In this paper, we describe the efforts to improve the environment for women faculty at one large academic medical center through the creation of an Association of Professional Women in Medical Sciences. Over the years, the group has helped influence policies that directly affect women faculty, provided high-yield programming on topics related to women's success, and created interprofessional networking opportunities for women faculty. We describe the challenges and successes of this group to serve as a model and inspiration for other institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Shenvi
- Emergency Medicine, UNC (University of North Carolina) at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Amelia Drake
- Otolaryngology, UNC (University of North Carolina) at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Etta Pisano
- Radiology, American College of Radiology, Reston, USA
| | - Susan Girdler
- Psychiatry, UNC (University of North Carolina) at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Wanda Nicholson
- Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kim Boggess
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, UNC (University of North Carolina) at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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Gatti-Reis L, Mattos FF, Pordeus IA, Martins-Júnior PA, Coutinho DCDO, Perazzo MF, Paiva SM. Leadership through a gender lens: Disparities in Dental Research. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:100-109. [PMID: 38133084 PMCID: PMC10742361 DOI: 10.1590/0103-644020230555959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the 100 most-cited papers in Dentistry, with a focus on female leadership in dental research. Papers were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS- CC) in the category 'Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine'. Gender was assessed through WoS-CC, Scopus, ResearchGate, social media, institutional websites, and software that assigns gender according to first names (https://genderapi.io). Characteristics of authors in leadership roles were retrieved, such as affiliation, publication history, citations, H factor, and i500. The 100 most-cited papers in Dentistry were authored by 394 researchers, 326 (82.7%) men, and 68 (17.3%) women - there were 4.8 male authors for each female. Among the lead authors, there were 11.3 males for each female. Among female senior authors, there were 7 males for each female. Among lead/senior authors of the 100 most-cited papers (first and last authors, respectively), 18 were women. There was an increase in the participation of women in the top cited papers regardless of authorship role across the six decades, with a peak of two female authors in the first decade of the 21st century. For female authors in leadership roles, their publication history shows the time between their first and last papers in WoS-CC ranged from 4 to 42 years for lead authors and 1 to 39 years for senior authors. Women were found to be largely underrepresented as leaders of the 100 most-cited papers, highlighting pervasive gender inequalities in dental research publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gatti-Reis
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio Freitas Mattos
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais- 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Antônio Martins-Júnior
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus França Perazzo
- Department of Dental Public Health, Universidade Federal de Goiás - Av. Universitária, s/n.º - St. Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Shruthee SG, Deepanchakravarthi V. Family Planning from a Male Perspective: Observations from a Community-Based Cross-sectional Study in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:930-933. [PMID: 38249705 PMCID: PMC10795875 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_844_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, family planning has been considered in the context of maternal and child health, although men play a dominant role in all matters related to reproductive decision-making. This study is carried out to assess the attitude and participation in family planning among currently married males and identify factors influencing the acceptance of male contraception. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chennai in October 2018, which included 180 currently married men by systematic random sampling of eligible couples in the field practice area of Sanjeevarayanpet Primary Health Center (UPHC). Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire in the local language and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Absolute and relative frequencies were estimated for descriptive data while correlates were tested for statistical significance using Pearson or Trend Chi-square tests. Study participants considered two children (82%) and spacing of at least 2 years (95%) as ideal, with spousal communication regarding family planning considered essential by a two-thirds majority. Among the 117 men who reported ever using contraception as a couple, 69% had used a condom vs. 42% and 30% for female spacing methods and tubectomy, respectively. Vasectomy, with nil acceptors, was considered acceptable by only 21% of men. Education, per-capita income, and spousal communication were seen to positively influence male contraceptive use. While married men show considerable commitment to family planning decision-making and practice, the stigma and misconceptions surrounding vasectomy have become ever more prominent. There is a need for the community and the health care system to work together to promote gender equity in family planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- SG Shruthee
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Deepanchakravarthi
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Schaechter JD, Goldstein R, Zafonte RD, Silver JK. Workplace Belonging of Women Healthcare Professionals Relates to Likelihood of Leaving. J Healthc Leadersh 2023; 15:273-284. [PMID: 37908972 PMCID: PMC10615104 DOI: 10.2147/jhl.s431157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is a high rate of attrition of professionals from healthcare institutions, which threatens the economic viability of these institutions and the quality of care they provide to patients. Women professionals face particular challenges that may lower their sense of belonging in the healthcare workplace. We sought to test the hypothesis that workplace belonging of women healthcare professionals relates to the likelihood that they expect to leave their institution. Methods Participants of a continuing education course on women's leadership skills in health care completed a survey about their experiences of belonging in workplace and their likelihood of leaving that institution within the next 2 years. An association between workplace belonging (measured by the cumulative number of belonging factors experienced, scale 0-10) and likelihood of leaving (measured on a 5-point Likert scale) was evaluated using ordinal logistic regression. The relative importance of workplace belonging factors in predicting the likelihood of leaving was assessed using dominance analysis. Results Ninety-nine percent of survey participants were women, and 63% were clinicians. Sixty-one percent of participants reported at least a slight likelihood of leaving their healthcare institution within the next 2 years. Greater workplace belonging was found to be associated with a significant reduction in the reported likelihood of leaving their institution after accounting for the number of years having worked in their current institution, underrepresented minority status, and the interaction between the latter two covariates. The workplace belonging factor found to be most important in predicting the likelihood of leaving was the belief that there was an opportunity to thrive professionally in the institution. Belonging factors involving feeling able to freely share thoughts and opinions were also found to be of relatively high importance in predicting the likelihood of leaving. Conclusion Greater workplace belonging was found to relate significantly to a reduced likelihood of leaving their institution within the next 2 years. Our findings suggest that leaders of healthcare organizations might reduce attrition of women by fostering workplace belonging with particular attention to empowering professional thriving and creating a culture that values open communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith D Schaechter
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Richard Goldstein
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ross D Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie K Silver
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Sevian H, King-Meadows TD, Caushi K, Kakhoidze T, Karch JM. Addressing Equity Asymmetries in General Chemistry Outcomes Through an Asset-Based Supplemental Course. JACS Au 2023; 3:2715-2735. [PMID: 37885568 PMCID: PMC10598836 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Undergraduate first-semester general chemistry (GC1) functions as a gatekeeper to STEM degrees, asymmetrically impacting students who are nonwhite, from lower socioeconomic groups, non-native English speakers, two-year college transfers, and first-generation in college. Nationally, just under 30% of students earn grades of D, F, or withdraw (termed DFW) in GC1; however, DFW rates are much higher for subgroups underrepresented in STEM occupations. Socioeconomic inequalities tend to increase over an individual's lifetime due to the magnification of cumulative disadvantage. Because undergraduate degrees correlate with higher employment and STEM occupations correlate with higher earnings, GC1 represents a critical path point where disparities can be interrupted. The most common strategy employed for GC1 is deficit remediation for students determined to be at risk of DFW. Unfortunately, extensive evidence demonstrates that the use of remediation strategies for GC1 does not sustain benefits for students. In this work, an asset-based approach, less prevalent in higher education than preuniversity, was employed to stress test theories about interrupting disparities in STEM education. This causal-comparative study involving 1,807 observations reports on a 1-credit asset-based supplemental course in which DFW-potential students at a minority-serving institution coenrolled during six semesters. The study outlines this intervention, its impact on GC1 outcomes, and its potential residual impact on progression to the next course in the general chemistry sequence (GC2). Descriptive and hierarchical inferential analysis of the data revealed socially important patterns. The asset-based intervention successfully attracted students with greater cumulative disadvantage. The intervention closed asymmetries between students identified as DFW-potential and ABC-potential in GC1 when a nontraditional curriculum was used but not when a traditional curriculum was used. Mixed results and contingent effects were found for the intervention's impact on subsequent course outcomes. Taking at least 11 credits in the semester of taking GC1 provided an inoculate for participants in the asset-based intervention, increasing the likelihood of passing GC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Sevian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Tyson D. King-Meadows
- Department
of Political Science, University of Massachusetts
Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Klaudja Caushi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Tamari Kakhoidze
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Jessica M. Karch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
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Llorens-Ortega R, Bertran-Noguer C, Juvinyà-Canals D, Garre-Olmo J, Bosch-Farré C. Influence of Social Determinants of Health on the Quality of Life of Older Adults in Europe: A Sex Analysis. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3401316. [PMID: 37886480 PMCID: PMC10602104 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3401316/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The global aging population poses challenges for society such as health inequalities among older persons and between genders. Objectives To determine how Social Determinants of Health (SDH) influence the quality of life (QoL) of individuals over 50 years old in various European countries, taking a gender perspective in a longitudinal study. Materials and methods Sample of 11,493 individuals from 13 European countries from Waves 5 (2013), 6 (2015), and 7 (2017) of the SHARE study. Instruments: CASP-12 (QoL), EURO-D (depression), SDH: gender, age, educational level, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, place of residence, and European region. Sociodemographic and clinical variables. Statistical analysis: Bivariate and multivariate mixed linear models. Results The bivariate analysis showed higher economic hardship and lower education in women compared to men. The CASP-12 score was higher in men than in women. In the multivariate analysis, the variables associated with lower QoL scores among men and women from Wave 5 to Wave 7 were: (β:-0.196, 95% CI: -0.345; -0.047) vs (β:0.038, 95% CI: -0.122; 0.197); economic hardship; and the European region between South and North (β: 2.709, 95% CI: 2.403; 3.015) vs men (β: 2.224, 95% CI: 1.896; 2.551). Conclusions The main SDH associated with poorer QoL were female gender, advanced age, economic hardship, educational level, and geographic location within Europe. Depression in women and in Southern Europe were associated with a decrease in QoL scores.
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Zhou A, Leon C, O’Conor C, Johannesen C, Ranasinghe P. The physician gender pay gap in Maryland: current state and future directions. Ann Med 2023; 55:2258923. [PMID: 37782955 PMCID: PMC10547443 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2258923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last few decades, more attention has been paid to the physician gender pay gap and more interventions have been attempted. This paper discusses the physician gender pay gap between 2017 and 2021 in Maryland. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey was distributed to over 10,000 physicians in the Maryland Medical Society, featuring questions regarding employment characteristics, compensation, impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and educational debt. Using descriptive and regression analyses, we explored cross-sectional associations between gender and employment characteristics. RESULTS Male physicians reported a significantly higher average 2020 pre-tax income ($333,732 per year) than female physicians ($225,473 per year, p < 0.001), amounting to a nearly 50% difference in raw income, consistent with a previously reported pay gap in 2016. Women physicians earned 31.5% less than their male colleagues in 2020 and were projected to earn 28.7% less in 2021. Female physicians were also more likely to have educational debt (33.6% vs.12.9%, p < 0.001) and also more likely to have a high burden of debt, with 36% owing over $200,000 in education loans, compared to 14.7% of men (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The physician gender pay gap in Maryland has remained relatively stable over four years, including the period of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Zhou
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlued Leon
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn O’Conor
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
Objective: Gender parity lags in academic medicine. We applied the Rank Equity Index (REI) to compare the longitudinal progress of women's academic medicine careers. We hypothesized that women have different rank parity in promotion by specialty based on the proportion of women in the specialty. Materials and Methods: Aggregate data by sex for medical students, residents, assistant professors, associate professors, and professors in nine specialties were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges for 2019-2020. Specialties were clustered into terciles based on the proportion of women in the field: upper (obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, psychiatry), middle (internal medicine, emergency medicine, anesthesia), and lower (surgery, urology, and orthopedic surgery). We calculated the percentage representation by sex by specialty and rank to calculate REI. Specialty-specific REI comparisons between each rank were performed to assess parity in advancement. Results: Only specialties in the upper tercile recruited proportionally more women medical students to residency training. All specialties advanced women for the resident-to-assistant professor with psychiatry, internal medicine, emergency medicine, anesthesia, urology, and orthopedic surgery that promoted women faculty at rates above parity. No specialty demonstrated parity in advancement based on sex for the assistant professor-to-associate professor or associate professor-to-professor transitions. Conclusion: Gender inequity in advancement is evident in academic medicine starting at the assistant professor-to-associate professor stage, regardless of overall proportion of women in the specialty. This suggests a common set of barriers to career advancement of women faculty in academic medicine that must be addressed starting at the early career stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon O Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Brenda Flores
- Office of Faculty Development and Diversity, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Magali Fassiotto
- Office of Faculty Development and Diversity, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Cherri Hobgood
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Malamitsi-Puchner A, Addati L, Eydal GB, Briana DD, Bustreo F, Di Renzo GC, O'Brien M, Hanson M, Modi N. Paid leave to support parenting-A neglected tool to improve societal well-being and prosperity. Acta Paediatr 2023; 112:2045-2049. [PMID: 37531082 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Cohesive families and stimulating and caring environments promoting attachment to caregivers is fundamental for a child's physical and psychosocial growth and development. Parental care, supporting early years development, presupposes the presence and involvement of parents in children's daily life with activities that include breastfeeding, playing, reading and storytelling. However, parents have to balance their child's well-being against employment, career progression and gender equality. Universally accessible and equitably available parental leave addresses this challenge. CONCLUSION: Distinct from compulsory maternity leave, leave at full or nearly full pay for both parents benefits not only families but also societal well-being and prosperity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Laura Addati
- Gender, Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Branch, Conditions of Work and Equality Department, International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guðný Björk Eydal
- Faculty of Social Work, School of Social Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Despina D Briana
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flavia Bustreo
- Fondation Botnar, Governance and Ethics Committee, Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (PMNCH), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gian Carlo Di Renzo
- Centre for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, IM Sechenov First State University, Moscow, Russia
- PREIS School, Florence, Italy
| | - Margaret O'Brien
- Thomas Coram Research Unit, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Hanson
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Neena Modi
- Section of Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Vijayakumar V, Babu HF, Karki A, Tyagi R, Macapia M, Zapata KM, Dogiparthi S. Gender Disparity of First Authors in Review Article Publications Related to Schizophrenia. Cureus 2023; 15:e47757. [PMID: 38022213 PMCID: PMC10679790 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychotic condition that can be diagnosed when certain symptoms, such as disorganized speech, disorganized thoughts, or negative feelings, are present for at least six months in a person's life. Gender equity and representation in academic writing are significant issues that have received more attention recently. Understanding the gender discrepancies in authorship can help researchers studying schizophrenia overcome obstacles and potential biases. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of gender discrepancy among initial authors of articles that focused on schizophrenia and to identify potential causes of such inequalities. A bibliometric analysis of articles related to schizophrenia published from 2019 to 2022 was conducted. The authors' genders were determined through available public records and professional affiliations. The analysis included assessing the proportion of male and female first authors and examining trends over time. A total of 982 articles were included in the analysis. The results revealed a significant gender disparity in first authorship, with a higher representation of male first authors (546, 55.6%) compared to female first authors (436, 44.4%). There is a significant increase in the percentage of female authors from 2019 to 2022 (i.e., from 25% to 48.5%). The number of female and male authors is predicted to remain at a constant from 2023 to 2027, with male authors at 175 and female authors at slightly above 150. The findings of this study underscore the need for continued efforts to address gender imbalances in academic publishing and promote gender equity in the field of schizophrenia research. Recognizing and rectifying these disparities can contribute to a more inclusive and diverse scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetrivel Vijayakumar
- Internal Medicine, American University of Barbados School of Medicine, Bridgetown, BRB
| | - Hannah Fathima Babu
- Internal Medicine, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, IND
| | - Aakriti Karki
- Internal Medicine, Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College, Sylhet, BGD
| | - Rahul Tyagi
- Family Medicine, Leeds Confederation of General Practitioners, Leeds, GBR
- Family Medicine, Royal College of General Practitioners, London, GBR
| | - Myla Macapia
- Internal Medicine, NYC Traumatic Brain injury Center, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn M Zapata
- Internal Medicine, Ross University School of Medicine, Bridgetown, BRB
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Busch F, Keller S, Rueger C, Kader A, Ziegeler K, Bressem KK, Adams LC. Mapping gender and geographic diversity in artificial intelligence research: Editor representation in leading computer science journals. Acta Radiol Open 2023; 12:20584601231213740. [PMID: 38034076 PMCID: PMC10685787 DOI: 10.1177/20584601231213740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, particularly radiology, requires its unbiased and fair development and implementation, starting with the constitution of the scientific community. Purpose To examine the gender and country distribution among academic editors in leading computer science and AI journals. Material and Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed the gender and country distribution among editors-in-chief, senior, and associate editors in all 75 Q1 computer science and AI journals in the Clarivate Journal Citations Report and SCImago Journal Ranking 2022. Gender was determined using an open-source algorithm (Gender Guesser™), selecting the gender with the highest calibrated probability. Result Among 4,948 editorial board members, women were underrepresented in all positions (editors-in-chief/senior editors/associate editors: 14%/18%/17%). The proportion of women correlated positively with the SCImago Journal Rank indicator (ρ = 0.329; p = .004). The U.S., the U.K., and China comprised 50% of editors, while Australia, Finland, Estonia, Denmark, the Netherlands, the U.K., Switzerland, and Slovenia had the highest women editor representation per million women population. Conclusion Our results highlight gender and geographic disparities on leading computer science and AI journal editorial boards, with women being underrepresented in all positions and a disproportional relationship between the Global North and South.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Busch
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Keller
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Rueger
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Avan Kader
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Ziegeler
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Keno K Bressem
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa C Adams
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
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Romero-Rodriguez E, Perula-de Torres LA, Monserrat-Villatoro J, Gonzalez-Lama J, Carmona-Casado AB, Ranchal-Sanchez A. Sociodemographic and Clinical Profile of Long COVID-19 Patients, and Its Correlation with Medical Leave: A Comprehensive Descriptive and Multicenter Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2632. [PMID: 37830667 PMCID: PMC10572288 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistent condition of COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range of symptoms that have had a significant impact on both the health status and occupational life of the population. In this observational and multicenter study, the relationship between the sociodemographic and clinical profile of Spanish patients diagnosed with long COVID, and the work-related disability resulting from this pathology was analyzed. The analysis included 689 responses. A descriptive analysis of the variables recorded was performed, together with a bivariate analysis to determine associations between work-related disability and variables such as gender, age, health status, disabling symptoms or comorbidities. The results obtained highlight fatigue and lack of concentration (brain fog) as the most incapacitating symptoms among patients diagnosed with long COVID. Multivariate analysis revealed that time since diagnosis (OR: 0.57, CI95%: 0.36-0.89, p: 0.013), concomitant renal insufficiency (OR: 4.04, CI95%: 1.42-11.4, p: 0.008), and symptoms like fatigue (OR: 0.56, CI95%: 0.33-0.99) and tremors (OR: 2.0, CI95%: 1.06-3.69, p: 0.029), were associated with work-related disability. These findings highlight the need to improve the health and work-related management of this condition in the healthcare system. Besides risk factor control, it is suggested to pay special attention to determining the appropriate timing of medical leave work reintegration, along with coordination between primary care and occupational health services to ensure the gradual and tailored return of patients with long COVID to the workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Romero-Rodriguez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba University, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (E.R.-R.); (L.A.P.-d.T.); (J.M.-V.); (A.B.C.-C.)
- Córdoba and Guadalquivir Health District, 14011 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Angel Perula-de Torres
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba University, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (E.R.-R.); (L.A.P.-d.T.); (J.M.-V.); (A.B.C.-C.)
| | - Jaime Monserrat-Villatoro
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba University, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (E.R.-R.); (L.A.P.-d.T.); (J.M.-V.); (A.B.C.-C.)
- Córdoba and Guadalquivir Health District, 14011 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lama
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba University, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (E.R.-R.); (L.A.P.-d.T.); (J.M.-V.); (A.B.C.-C.)
- “Matrona Antonia Mesa Fernández” Health Center, Cabra Clinical Management Unit, AGS South of Córdoba, 14940 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Belen Carmona-Casado
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba University, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (E.R.-R.); (L.A.P.-d.T.); (J.M.-V.); (A.B.C.-C.)
| | - Antonio Ranchal-Sanchez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba University, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (E.R.-R.); (L.A.P.-d.T.); (J.M.-V.); (A.B.C.-C.)
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Jain S, Allan JM, Bhayani RK. System-Wide Change Is Essential to Value the Contributions of Women in Medicine and Science. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e52509. [PMID: 37738082 PMCID: PMC10559189 DOI: 10.2196/52509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistent and pervasive gender gap in health care is a fact backed by data, science, and evidence. This editorial aims to describe some of the challenges that continue to persist. Many of the strategies outlined can be implemented both locally and nationally to effect meaningful change and work toward closing the existing gender gap in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Jain
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jessica M Allan
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Rakhee K Bhayani
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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