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Lim S, Mantsios A, Braithwaite RS, Pitts R. A secondary gendered analysis of interviews with Latina cisgender women indicated for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. AIDS Care 2024; 36:692-702. [PMID: 38466205 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2024.2325070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
HIV infections disproportionately impact Latinx populations in the United States, yet oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake is low. This study was a secondary gendered analysis of interviews with Latina cisgender women (n = 20) recruited from an urban safety net hospital inNew York City between August 2019 and October 2022. All women were indicated for PrEP by the provider. In-depth interviews were conducted with participants in English and Spanish and asked about social determinants of health, sexual partnerships and behaviors, and PrEP-specific enablers and barriers. Secondary thematic content analysis was conducted to identify gender-related factors influencing PrEP uptake. The following themes emerged from the data:structural factors (e.g., employment), partner-related factors, low sexual health knowledge, and resilience and empowerment. Partner-related factors were the most salient; partner infidelity served as reasons for initiating PrEP. Despite being constrained by low power in relationships, women made empowered choices to initiate PrEP and protect themselves. Findings indicated that the impact of gender inequity was an important factor in Latina women's PrEP decision making, pointing to a need to address partner-driven HIV risk, imbalance of power in relationships, and gender norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahnah Lim
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ronald S Braithwaite
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Pitts
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, NYC Health + Hospitals/Bellevue, New York, NY, USA
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Bazzano AN, Noel LA, Patel T, Dominique CC, Haywood C, Moore S, Mantsios A, Davis PA. Correction: Improving the Engagement of Underrepresented People in Health Research Through Equity-Centered Design Thinking: Qualitative Study and Process Evaluation for the Development of the Grounding Health Research in Design Toolkit. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e58397. [PMID: 38574353 PMCID: PMC11027045 DOI: 10.2196/58397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/43101.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra N Bazzano
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population SciencesTulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew Orleans, LAUnited States
| | - Lesley-Ann Noel
- College of DesignNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NCUnited States
| | - Tejal Patel
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population SciencesTulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew Orleans, LAUnited States
| | | | - Catherine Haywood
- Louisiana Community Health Outreach NetworkNew Orleans, LAUnited States
| | - Shenitta Moore
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew Orleans, LAUnited States
| | | | - Patricia A Davis
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population SciencesTulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew Orleans, LAUnited States
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Kerrigan D, Barrington C, Donastorg Y, Perez M, Gomez H, Davis W, Beckham SW, Karver TS, Mantsios A, Galai N. Individual and Collective Forms of Stigma Resistance: Pathways Between HIV and Sex Work Stigma and Viral Suppression Among Female Sex Workers in the Dominican Republic. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:357-366. [PMID: 37725235 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Intersecting forms of stigma including both HIV and sex work stigma have been known to impede HIV prevention and optimal treatment outcomes among FSW. Recent research has indicated that intersectional stigma can be resisted at the community and individual level. We assessed pathways between HIV stigma, sex work stigma, social cohesion and viral suppression among a cohort of 210 FSW living with HIV in the Dominican Republic. Through Poisson regression we explored the relationship between HIV outcomes and internalized, anticipated and enacted HIV and sex work stigma, and resisted sex work stigma. We employed structural equation modeling to explore the direct effect of various forms of stigma on HIV outcomes, and the mediating effects of multi-level stigma resistance including social cohesion at the community level and occupational dignity at the individual level. 76.2% of FSW were virally suppressed and 28.1% had stopped ART at least once in the last 6 months. ART interruption had a significant negative direct effect on viral suppression (OR = 0.26, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.13-0.51). Social cohesion had a significant positive direct effect on viral suppression (OR = 2.07, p = 0.046, 95% CI: 1.01-4.25). Anticipated HIV stigma had a significant negative effect on viral suppression (OR = 0.34, p = 0.055, 95% CI: 0.11-1.02). This effect was mediated by the interaction between cohesion and dignity which rendered the impact of HIV stigma on viral suppression not significant. Findings demonstrate that while HIV stigma has a negative impact on viral suppression among FSW, it can be resisted through individual and collective means. Results reinforce the importance of community-driven, multi-level interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Kerrigan
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Clare Barrington
- University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yeycy Donastorg
- Instituto Dermatológico y Cirugía de Piel Dr. Huberto Bogaert Díaz, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Martha Perez
- Instituto Dermatológico y Cirugía de Piel Dr. Huberto Bogaert Díaz, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Hoisex Gomez
- Instituto Dermatológico y Cirugía de Piel Dr. Huberto Bogaert Díaz, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Wendy Davis
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - S Wilson Beckham
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Noya Galai
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bazzano AN, Noel LA, Patel T, Dominique CC, Haywood C, Moore S, Mantsios A, Davis PA. Improving the Engagement of Underrepresented People in Health Research Through Equity-Centered Design Thinking: Qualitative Study and Process Evaluation for the Development of the Grounding Health Research in Design Toolkit. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e43101. [PMID: 36649162 PMCID: PMC10015353 DOI: 10.2196/43101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health inequalities are rooted in historically unjust differences in economic opportunities, environment, access to health care services, and other social determinants. Owing to these health inequalities, the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected underserved populations, notably people of color, incarcerated and formerly incarcerated individuals, and those unable to physically distance themselves from others. However, people most strongly impacted by health disparities, and the pandemic, are not frequently engaged in research, either as researchers or as participants, resulting in slow progress toward improving health equity. Establishing ways to foster the engagement of historically excluded people is crucial to improving health equity through patient-centered health research. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the use of equity-centered design thinking (EDT) for engaging community members in research prioritization related to COVID-19. The co-design methods and subsequent production of a toolkit that can be used for engagement were assessed through process evaluation and qualitative methods. METHODS Process evaluation and qualitative inquiry, using reflexive thematic analysis, were undertaken to examine the use of EDT. Patient community members and stakeholders remotely partnered with design and health researchers in a year-long digital process to cocreate capacity-building tools for setting agenda for research regarding the impact of COVID-19 on health outcomes. Through a series of 3 workshops, 5 community partners engaged in EDT activities to identify critical challenges for the health and well-being of their communities. The subsequent tools were tested with 10 health researchers who provided critical input over the course of 2 workshops. Interviews with co-designers, project materials, and feedback sessions were used in the process evaluation and finalization of an equity-centered toolkit for community engagement in research. Data from the co-design process, meetings, workshops, and interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify salient themes. RESULTS Process evaluation illustrated how the EDT co-design process offered an approach to engage patient partners and community stakeholders in health-related research around COVID-19. The participants expressed satisfaction with design thinking approaches, including creative activities and iterative co-design, as a means of working together. Thematic analysis identified 3 key themes: the value of authentic partnerships, building trust and empathy through design, and fostering candid dialogue around health and social issues impacting historically underrepresented and underinvested communities. CONCLUSIONS The project addressed the need to test EDT strategies for fostering inclusive community engagement in health research agenda setting and provided an alternative to traditional top-down models. Despite the increasing use of human-centered design in health, few projects explicitly include equity in design thinking approaches. The use of methods and tools to intentionally engage underrepresented stakeholders in the process of research agenda setting and equitably sharing power between researchers and community members may improve health research, ultimately improving health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra N Bazzano
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Lesley-Ann Noel
- College of Design, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Tejal Patel
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Catherine Haywood
- Louisiana Community Health Outreach Network, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Shenitta Moore
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Andrea Mantsios
- Public Health Innovation & Action, New York, NY, United States
| | - Patricia A Davis
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Kerrigan D, Mantsios A, Karver TS, Davis W, Taggart T, Calabrese SK, Mathews A, Robinson S, Ruffin R, Feaster-Bethea G, Quinteros-Grady L, Galvis C, Reyes R, Martinez Chio G, Tesfahun M, Lane A, Peeks S, Henderson KM, Harris KM. Context and Considerations for the Development of Community-Informed Health Communication Messaging to Support Equitable Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccines Among Communities of Color in Washington, DC. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:395-409. [PMID: 35118609 PMCID: PMC8812353 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Communities of color have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. We explored barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among African American, Latinx, and African immigrant communities in Washington, DC. METHODS A total of 76 individuals participated in qualitative interviews and focus groups, and 208 individuals from communities of color participated in an online crowdsourcing contest. RESULTS Findings documented a lack of sufficient, accurate information about COVID-19 vaccines and questions about the science. African American and African immigrant participants spoke about the deeply rooted historical underpinnings to their community's vaccine hesitancy, citing the prior and ongoing mistreatment of people of color by the medical community. Latinx and African immigrant participants highlighted how limited accessibility played an important role in the slow uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in their communities. Connectedness and solidarity were found to be key assets that can be drawn upon through community-driven responses to address social-structural challenges to COVID-19 related vaccine uptake. CONCLUSIONS The historic and ongoing socio-economic context and realities of communities of color must be understood and respected to inform community-based health communication messaging to support vaccine equity for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Kerrigan
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
| | | | - Tahilin Sanchez Karver
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Wendy Davis
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Tamara Taggart
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Sarah K. Calabrese
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
| | | | | | - Regretta Ruffin
- Leadership Council for Healthy Communities, Washington, DC USA
| | | | | | | | - Rosa Reyes
- Latin American Youth Center, Washington, DC USA
| | | | | | | | - Shanna Peeks
- Black Coalition Against COVID, Washington, DC USA
| | - Kimberly M. Henderson
- DC Department of Health (DC Health), Communications and Community Relations, Washington, DC USA
| | - Kimberly M. Harris
- DC Department of Health (DC Health), Health Care Access Bureau (HCAB), Washington, DC USA
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Morris M, Brito A, Malta M, Jacques I, Rocha G, Novaes R, Mantsios A, Kerrigan D. Experiences of women raising children with congenital Zika syndrome along a trajectory of prevention, care and support in Brazil. Glob Public Health 2022; 17:3533-3547. [PMID: 35849617 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2098999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Social science research investigating the social dynamics of Zika and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is essential to inform future services related to Zika and other infectious diseases. We sought to understand lived experiences with Zika during pregnancy, birth, and post-partum by conducting in-depth interviews with a sample of 31 women infected with Zika during the 2015-16 outbreak who had a child with CZS in Pernambuco, Brazil. Transcripts were coded using thematic content analysis. Many women experienced shock when their children were born with CZS given the lack of information they were provided during the antenatal period. Stigma from loved ones and community members was a salient theme as were financial difficulties arising from women having to stop working to care for their child. While women experienced significant challenges caring for a child with CZS, they also exhibited resiliency in their ability to move from shock and sorrow to focusing on the needs of their child. While support services were generally available, they were often located at a significant distance. Results underscore the need for interventions to improve patient-provider communication, address socio-structural stressors, and support individual and collective resilience in women and families affected by Zika in lower resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Morris
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ana Brito
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Monica Malta
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research (IMHPR/CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, USA.,Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Deanna Kerrigan
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Beckham SW, Mantsios A, Galai N, Likindikoki S, Mbwambo J, Davis W, Kerrigan D. Acceptability of multiple modalities of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among female sex workers in Tanzania: a mixed-methods study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058611. [PMID: 35977762 PMCID: PMC9389123 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Modalities of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention offer options to women at high risk including female sex workers (FSW). This study aimed to explore FSW's acceptability and preferences for oral pills, long-acting (LA) injectable and vaginal ring PrEP. DESIGN Sequential, explanatory, mixed methods. SETTING Iringa, Tanzania. PARTICIPANTS FSW aged above 18 were recruited from sex work venues using time-location sampling (n=496); HIV-uninfected (n=293) were included in this analysis. Subsequently, survey participants were recruited for in-depth interviews (n=10) and two focus group discussions (n=20). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES (1) Acceptability of PrEP (Do you personally think it would be worth it to you to take ART if it could prevent HIV?: yes/no) and (2) preference for LA injectable versus oral pills (If you personally were going to take ART to prevent HIV infection, would you prefer to take it in the form of a daily pill or an injection once every 3 months? Injection/pill). RESULTS Participants were (92%) unaware of PrEP but 58% thought it would be worth it to personally take PrEP. Acceptability of PrEP was significantly associated with higher social cohesion (aOR 2.12; 95% CI 1.29 to 3.50) and STI symptoms in the past 6 months (aOR 2.52; 95% CI 1.38 to 4.62). Most (88%) preferred LA vs oral PrEP. Qualitative findings revealed generally positive reactions to all types of PrEP, and they were viewed as a welcome backup to condoms. Participants had concerns about pills (burden of daily use, stigma from clients), and the vaginal ring (fear of client noticing and becoming suspicious, fear of infertility) and overall preferred LA-PrEP (less frequent use, easy to hide, belief in higher efficacy). CONCLUSIONS Offering multiple formulations of PrEP within the context of community-driven HIV prevention interventions among FSW may facilitate increased uptake and adherence. LA injectable PrEP may be a particularly preferred formulation among FSW. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02281578.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wilson Beckham
- Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Noya Galai
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel Likindikoki
- Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Jessie Mbwambo
- Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Wendy Davis
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deanna Kerrigan
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
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Mantsios A, Muraleetharan O, Donastorg Y, Perez M, Gomez H, Shembilu C, Beckham SW, Karver TS, Davis W, Likindikoki S, Mbwambo J, Barrington C, Kerrigan D. "She is the one who knows": A qualitative exploration of oral and injectable PrEP as part of a community empowerment approach to HIV prevention among female sex workers in the Dominican Republic and Tanzania. PLOS Glob Public Health 2022; 2:e0000981. [PMID: 36712835 PMCID: PMC9880901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite documented interest among female sex workers (FSW), uptake of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention has been low. Recent trials and regulatory approval of long-acting injectable (LAI) PrEP offer new hope for the potential of this biomedical intervention. We examined FSW's PrEP-related interest and preferences regarding both oral and LAI PrEP situating these dynamics within their specific social and occupational realities. We conducted this work using qualitative methods across two distinct contexts by conducting 40 in-depth interviews with FSW in Tanzania and the Dominican Republic. Textual data was coded using iterative thematic content analysis. Analytic summaries were developed and reviewed to identify recurring themes. We systematically organized themes within each country and then compared across settings. Women in both settings expressed strong interest in PrEP seeing it as an important option to protect themselves in their work. Most participants preferred LAI PrEP due to expectations of reduced stigma and concerns about daily pill adherence and side effects. Occupational factors such as alcohol use, overnight dates with clients, and fear of violence from clients were identified as barriers to daily oral PrEP. LAI PrEP was seen as having the potential to reduce stress related to oral PrEP. Women who preferred pills discussed fear of needles, skepticism about the injections, and others relayed that taking a daily pill would not be challenging for them. There was a pre-dominant sentiment that women know best whether they are better suited for oral or LAI PrEP. Participants stressed the importance of FSW understanding both options to ensure informed decision-making around PrEP and described community-led peer education as key to delivering trusted information. Community empowerment approaches led by FSW which address structural and psychosocial constraints and promote safe work environments may facilitate equitable access and uptake of PrEP among FSW across settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mantsios
- Public Health Innovation & Action, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ohvia Muraleetharan
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yeycy Donastorg
- Department of Health Policy, Instituto Dominicano de Dermatologia y Cirugia de Piel, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Martha Perez
- Department of Health Policy, Instituto Dominicano de Dermatologia y Cirugia de Piel, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Hoisex Gomez
- Department of Health Policy, Instituto Dominicano de Dermatologia y Cirugia de Piel, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Catherine Shembilu
- Department of Psychiatry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - S. Wilson Beckham
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tahilin Sanchez Karver
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wendy Davis
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Samuel Likindikoki
- Department of Psychiatry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jessie Mbwambo
- Department of Psychiatry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Clare Barrington
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Deanna Kerrigan
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Kerrigan D, Karver TS, Barrington C, Davis W, Donastorg Y, Perez M, Gomez H, Mbwambo J, Likindikoki S, Shembilu C, Mantsios A, Beckham SW, Galai N, Chan KS. Correction to: Development of the Experiences of Sex Work Stigma Scale Using Item Response Theory: Implications for Research on the Social Determinants of HIV. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:189. [PMID: 34018120 PMCID: PMC8541982 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03298-6
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Kerrigan D, Karver TS, Barrington C, Donastorg Y, Perez M, Gomez H, Mbwambo J, Likindikoki S, Davis W, Wilson Beckham S, Mantsios A, Galai N, Sibinga E. Mindfulness, Mental Health and HIV Outcomes Among Female Sex Workers in the Dominican Republic and Tanzania. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:2941-2950. [PMID: 33511496 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relationship between mindfulness, mental health and HIV outcomes among female sex workers (FSW) from the Dominican Republic (DR) (n = 201) and Tanzania (n = 208) using cross-sectional survey and biologic data. We employed stratified multivariate linear and logistic regression. Depression was associated with lower odds of ART adherence in the DR (AOR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08-0.78) and of viral suppression in Tanzania (AOR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.24-0.97). In both countries, mindfulness was associated with lower odds of moderate to severe depression (AOR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.76-0.88 for the DR; AOR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.77-0.95 for Tanzania). In the DR, mindfulness was associated with lower odds of anxiety (AOR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77-0.89), lower HIV stigma (β = - 0.28 per unit change, 95% CI: - 0.37 to - 0.19) and greater odds of viral suppression (AOR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.15). Findings demonstrate the potential of tailored mindfulness interventions to improve mental health and HIV outcomes among FSW.
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Mantsios A, Murray M, Karver TS, Davis W, Margolis D, Kumar P, Swindells S, Bredeek UF, Deltoro MG, García RR, Antela A, Garris C, Shaefer M, Gomis SC, Bernáldez MP, Kerrigan D. "I feel empowered": women's perspectives on and experiences with long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy in the USA and Spain. Cult Health Sex 2021; 23:1066-1078. [PMID: 32436478 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2020.1752397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy has been shown to be non-inferior to daily oral antiretroviral therapy in clinical trials and may soon become part of clinical care. While most trial participants to date have been men, approximately one quarter of ongoing Phase 3 trial participants are women offering an important opportunity to understand how long-acting antiretroviral therapy is perceived and experienced by women. We conducted in-depth interviews with 80 people living with HIV participating in Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials of long-acting antiretroviral therapy in the USA and Spain. Fifteen percent (12/80) of trial participants interviewed were women. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and coded using content analysis, focused on gender-specific themes. Women shared many of the positive perceptions expressed by men but also had unique perspectives, including finding that long-acting antiretroviral therapy addressed the challenge of remembering pills amidst busy day-to-day realities including multiple roles and responsibilities, is less time consuming and creates less stress compared to oral antiretroviral therapy, and is emotionally freeing and empowering. The gendered nature of women's lives shaped why and how they were satisfied with long-acting antiretroviral therapy. Findings can inform interventions and support systems to facilitate uptake of and adherence to long-acting antiretroviral therapy in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mantsios
- Department of Sociology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Miranda Murray
- Department of Sociology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tahilin S Karver
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wendy Davis
- Department of Sociology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David Margolis
- ViiV Healthcare, Raleigh-Durham, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Princy Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Susan Swindells
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Miguel García Deltoro
- Infectious Disease Service, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Antela
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Compostela, Spain
| | - Cindy Garris
- ViiV Healthcare, Raleigh-Durham, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mark Shaefer
- ViiV Healthcare, Raleigh-Durham, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Deanna Kerrigan
- Department of Sociology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
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Mantsios A, Murray M, Karver TS, Davis W, Galai N, Kumar P, Swindells S, Bredeek UF, García RR, Antela A, Gomis SC, Bernáldez MP, Czarnogorski M, Hudson K, Walters N, Kerrigan D. Multi-level considerations for optimal implementation of long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy to treat people living with HIV: perspectives of health care providers participating in phase 3 trials. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:255. [PMID: 33743684 PMCID: PMC7980753 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LA ART) has been shown to be non-inferior to daily oral ART, with high patient satisfaction and preference to oral standard of care in research to date, and has recently been approved for use in the United States and Europe. This study examined the perspectives of health care providers participating in LA ART clinical trials on potential barriers and solutions to LA ART roll-out into real world settings. Methods This analysis draws on two data sources: (1) open-ended questions embedded in a structured online survey of 329 health care providers participating in the ATLAS-2 M trial across 13 countries; and (2) in-depth interviews with 14 providers participating in FLAIR/ ATLAS/ATLAS-2 M trials in the United States and Spain. Both assessments explored provider views and clinic dynamics related to the introduction of LA ART and were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was drawn on as the conceptual framework underpinning development of a model depicting study findings. Results Barriers and proposed solutions to LA ART implementation were identified at the individual, clinic and health system levels. Provider perceptions of patient level barriers included challenges with adhering to frequent injection appointments and injection tolerability. Proposed solutions included patient education, having designated staff for clinic visit retention, and clinic flexibility with appointment scheduling. The main provider concern was identifying appropriate candidates for LA ART; proposed solutions focused on patient provider communication and decision making. Clinic level barriers included the need for additional skilled individuals to administer injections, shifts in workflow as demand increases and the logistics of cold-chain storage. Proposed solutions included staff hiring and training, strategic planning around workflow and logistics, and the possibility of offering injections in other settings, including the home. Health system level barriers included cost and approvals from national regulatory bodies. Potential solutions included governments subsidizing treatment, ensuring cost is competitive with oral ART, and offering co-pay assistance. Conclusions Results suggest the importance of multi-level support systems to optimize patient-provider communication and treatment decision-making; clinic staffing, workflow, logistics protocols and infrastructure; and cost-related factors within a given health system. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-06214-9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wendy Davis
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Noya Galai
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Antela
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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13
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Beckham SW, S Karver T, Mantsios A, Shembilu C, Donastorg Y, Perez M, Gomez H, Barrington C, Mwampashi A, Davis W, Likindikoki S, Mbwambo JK, Kerrigan D. Acceptability and perceptions of HIV oral self-testing across settings: A comparative qualitative study among Dominican and Tanzanian female sex workers. Glob Public Health 2021; 17:870-884. [PMID: 33736565 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2021.1901129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid oral HIV self-tests (HIVST) have potential to increase the proportion of people who know their HIV status, especially among stigmatised populations. This study was embedded in two cohorts of female sex workers (FSW) in the Dominican Republic (DR) and Tanzania. Qualitative interviews with 40 FSW were conducted to explore perceived acceptability of HIVST. Interviews were analysed using inductive and deductive thematic coding. Emergent themes were organised by socio-ecological framework levels. FSW in both settings responded positively to the ease of use of HIVST but questioned test accuracy due to the use of saliva rather than blood. FSW in the DR had a more cautious response, while women in Tanzania had favourable perceptions expressing eagerness to use it. At the individual level, themes shaping participants' interest included autonomy, HIV risk perception, and emotional well-being for those with reactive test results, and self-efficacy. At the interpersonal level, privacy, confidentiality, sex work and HIV stigma and social support were salient. Structural level themes focused on health systems including linkages to HIV treatment, provider roles, and access (cost, travel, distribution). Understanding FSW's perceptions and acceptability of HIVST is essential to its integration into health systems and programmes using a community-driven approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Wilson Beckham
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tahilin S Karver
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Catherine Shembilu
- Department of Psychiatry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yeycy Donastorg
- Instituto Dominicano de Dermatologia y Cirugia de Piel, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Martha Perez
- Instituto Dominicano de Dermatologia y Cirugia de Piel, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Hoisex Gomez
- Instituto Dominicano de Dermatologia y Cirugia de Piel, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Clare Barrington
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ardi Mwampashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Wendy Davis
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samuel Likindikoki
- Department of Psychiatry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jessie K Mbwambo
- Department of Psychiatry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Deanna Kerrigan
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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14
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Kerrigan D, Murray M, Sanchez Karver T, Mantsios A, Walters N, Hudson K, Kaplan-Lewis E, Pulido F, Bassa AC, Margolis D, Galai N. Feasibility of Implementing Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy to Treat HIV: A Survey of Health Providers from the 13 Countries Participating in the ATLAS-2M Trial. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:207-213. [PMID: 33323029 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-acting (LA) injectable antiretroviral therapy (ART) was found noninferior to daily oral ART in Phase 3 trials with high patient satisfaction. Limited information on provider experiences with LA ART exists, which is critical to inform real-world implementation. An online survey of health providers from the 13 countries participating in the Phase 3b ATLAS-2M trial was conducted. A total of 293 providers responded to questions on LA ART feasibility. Multivariable regression was utilized to identify factors related to the feasibility of LA ART every month and every 2 months within routine care such as the characteristics, experiences, and attitudes of providers, and perceptions of patient benefits and barriers. A majority of providers indicated that it would be very feasible (62.8%) or somewhat feasible (32.1%) to administer monthly LA ART. Feasibility scores were higher for delivering LA ART every 2 months versus monthly (mean 28.3 vs. 26.9; p value <.001). African providers had higher odds of perceived overall feasibility of monthly LA ART [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-4.4] versus those from other regions, as did providers reporting a greater number of benefits for patients (aOR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.1) versus those reporting less. Providers reporting a greater number of patient barriers to adhere to clinic appointments had lower odds of perceived feasibility of monthly LA ART (aOR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-1.0) versus those reporting less. Findings highlight the need for further implementation research regarding barriers, facilitators, and strategies to optimize the introduction of LA ART outside of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Kerrigan
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Tahilin Sanchez Karver
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Mantsios
- Public Health Innovation and Action, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Emma Kaplan-Lewis
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Federico Pulido
- HIV Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre, imas12, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Noya Galai
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Mantsios A, Murray M, Karver TS, Davis W, Margolis D, Kumar P, Swindells S, Bredeek UF, García Del Toro M, Garcia Gasalla M, Rubio García R, Antela A, Hudson K, Griffith S, Kerrigan D. Efficacy and Freedom: Patient Experiences with the Transition from Daily Oral to Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy to Treat HIV in the Context of Phase 3 Trials. AIDS Behav 2020; 24:3473-3481. [PMID: 32410051 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LA ART) may be an alternative for people living with HIV (PLHIV) with adherence challenges or who prefer not to take pills. Using in-depth interviews, this study sought to understand the experiences of PLHIV (n = 53) participating in Phase 3 LA ART trials in the United States and Spain. The most salient consideration when contemplating LA ART was its clinical efficacy; many participants reported wanting to ensure that it worked as well as daily oral ART, including with less frequent dosing (every 8 versus 4 weeks). While injection side effects were often reported, most participants felt that regimen benefits outweighed such drawbacks. Participants described the main benefit of LA ART as the "freedom" it afforded both logistically and psychosocially, including through reduced HIV stigma. Findings highlight the importance of patient-provider communication related to weighing potential benefits and side effects and the continued need to address HIV stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan Swindells
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - U Fritz Bredeek
- Metropolis Medical San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Antela
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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16
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Murray M, Kerrigan D, Hudson KJ, Walters N, Karver TS, Mantsios A, Galai N. Identifying appropriate candidates for long-acting antiretroviral therapy: findings from a survey of health care providers in the ATLAS-2M trial. HIV Res Clin Pract 2020; 21:105-113. [PMID: 33048662 DOI: 10.1080/25787489.2020.1824718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent results from Phase 3 clinical trials with cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV) long-acting (LA) have shown that a monthly regimen is non-inferior to daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART). Additional insights are necessary to prepare for LA ART roll-out, including identifying the appropriate patients. METHODS Within the ATLAS-2M trial, an online survey was administered to 329 health care providers (HCPs) in 13 countries. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with providers considering a greater proportion of patients as appropriate LA ART candidates. RESULTS Forty-seven percent of HCPs believed that "some" patients (25-50%) would be appropriate while nearly one-quarter of HCPs (23%) felt that "many" patients (more than 50%) would be appropriate candidates for LA ART. Providers in the African region had a greater odds of identifying a greater proportion of their patients as appropriate candidates (AOR 8.97; p < 0.001) vs. other regions. Nurses/physician assistants and research staff/pharmacists had a higher odds of perceiving a greater proportion of their patients as appropriate candidates vs. physicians, respectively (AOR 3.42 p < 0.001; AOR 2.48; p = 0.19). Providers who had experience transitioning patients from LA to oral ART had a higher odds of reporting that more of their patients would be appropriate candidates (AOR 1.64; p = 0.008) vs. those without experience. CONCLUSION A significant proportion of providers reported that many of their patients would be appropriate candidates for LA ART. To optimize roll-out after regulatory approval, it is important to support providers with tools to help identify patients who would most benefit from this option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Noya Galai
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Benning L, Mantsios A, Kerrigan D, Coleman JS, Golub E, Blackstock O, Konkle-Parker D, Philbin M, Sheth A, Adimora AA, Cohen MH, Seidman D, Milam J, Kassaye SG, Taylor T, Murray M. Examining adherence barriers among women with HIV to tailor outreach for long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy. BMC Womens Health 2020; 20:152. [PMID: 32711509 PMCID: PMC7382076 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Long-acting (LA) injectable antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been found non-inferior to daily oral ART in Phase 3 trials. LA ART may address key barriers to oral ART adherence and be preferable to daily pills for some people living with HIV. To date, women have been less represented than men in LA ART research. Using longitudinal data from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) cohort of women living with HIV in the United States, we examined barriers and facilitators of daily oral ART adherence that may be related to or addressed by LA ART. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of WIHS cohort data from 1998 to 2017 among participants seen for at least 4 visits since 1998 who reported using ART at least once (n = 2601). Two dichotomous outcomes, patient-reported daily oral ART adherence and viral suppression were fit using generalized linear models, examining the role of socio-demographic and structural factors. Results At study enrollment, the median age was 40.5 years, 63% of participants were African American and 22% were Latina. The majority (82%) reported taking ART more than 75% of the time and 53% were virally suppressed. In multivariate analysis, several sub-groups of women had lower odds of reported adherence and viral suppression: 1) younger women (adherence aOR: 0.71; viral suppression aOR: 0.63); 2) women who inject drugs (adherence aOR: 0.38; viral suppression aOR: 0.50) and those with moderate (adherence aOR: 0.59; viral suppression aOR: 0.74) and heavy alcohol consumption (adherence aOR: 0.51; viral suppression aOR: 0.69); 3) those with depressive symptoms (adherence aOR: 0.61; viral suppression aOR: 0.76); and 4) those with a history of going on and off ART (adherence aOR: 0.62, viral suppression aOR: 0.38) or changing regimens (adherence aOR: 0.83, viral suppression aOR: 0.56). Conclusions Current injectable contraceptive users (vs. non-users) had greater odds of oral ART adherence (aOR: 1.87) and viral suppression (aOR: 1.28). Findings identify profiles of women who may benefit from and be interested in LA ART. Further research is warranted focused on the uptake and utility of LA ART for such key subpopulations of women at high need for innovative approaches to achieve sustained viral suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorie Benning
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Deanna Kerrigan
- Center for Health, Risk and Society, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jenell S Coleman
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Golub
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oni Blackstock
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah Konkle-Parker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Morgan Philbin
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Sociomedical Sciences, New York, USA
| | - Anandi Sheth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Adaora A Adimora
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mardge H Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Stroger Hospital, Cook County Bureau of Health Services, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dominika Seidman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joel Milam
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seble G Kassaye
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tonya Taylor
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Kerrigan D, Sanchez Karver T, Muraleetharan O, Savage V, Mbwambo J, Donastorg Y, Likindikoki S, Perez M, Gomez H, Mantsios A, Murray M, Beckham SW, Davis W, Galai N, Barrington C. "A dream come true": Perspectives on long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy among female sex workers living with HIV from the Dominican Republic and Tanzania. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234666. [PMID: 32530939 PMCID: PMC7292359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LA ART) was found to be non-inferior to daily oral ART in Phase 3 clinical trials. LA ART may offer an important alternative for people living with HIV with challenges adhering to daily oral ART or preferences for non-pill-based regimens. METHODS Using a mixed methods approach integrating survey, in-depth interview and biological data from female sex workers (FSW) living with HIV in Tanzania (N = 208) and the Dominican Republic (DR) (N = 201), we assessed factors associated with the potential likelihood of LA ART use if it were available. We conducted multivariate logistic regression and thematic content analysis. RESULTS Likelihood of LA ART use was high with 84.92% of FSW from the DR and 92.27% of FSW from Tanzania reporting they would be "likely" or "very likely" to use LA ART if available (p = 0.02). In Tanzania better HIV-related patient-provider communication (AOR 4.58; 95% CI 1.90-11.05) and quality of HIV clinical care (AOR 3.68; 95% CI 1.05-12.86) were positively associated with the high likelihood of LA ART use. In the DR, easier clinic access was associated with a higher likelihood of LA ART use (AOR 3.04; 95% CI 1.41-6.56), as was greater monthly income from sex work (AOR 2.37; 95% CI 1.27-4.41). In both settings, years on ART was significantly associated with a strong likelihood of LA ART use (TZ: AOR 1.16 per year; 95% CI 1.00-1.34/DR: AOR 1.07 per year; 95% CI 1.00-1.14). Qualitative findings underscored enthusiasm for LA ART and reinforced its potential to address sex work-specific barriers to daily oral ART adherence including work-related schedules and substance use. CONCLUSIONS We found a high likelihood of LA ART use if available among FSW in two diverse settings and documented barriers to future uptake. Community-driven approaches which include tailored health education and improved patient-provider communication and quality of care, as well as strategies to facilitate appointment adherence are needed to optimize LA ART use among FSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Kerrigan
- Department of Sociology, American University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Tahilin Sanchez Karver
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ohvia Muraleetharan
- Department of Health Policy, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Virginia Savage
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jessie Mbwambo
- Department of Psychiatry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yeycy Donastorg
- HIV Vaccine Trials Research Unit, Instituto Dermatológico y Cirugía de la Piel, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Samuel Likindikoki
- Department of Psychiatry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Martha Perez
- HIV Vaccine Trials Research Unit, Instituto Dermatológico y Cirugía de la Piel, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Hoisex Gomez
- HIV Vaccine Trials Research Unit, Instituto Dermatológico y Cirugía de la Piel, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Andrea Mantsios
- Public Health Innovation and Action, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - S. Wilson Beckham
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wendy Davis
- Department of Sociology, American University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Noya Galai
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, University of Haifa, Mt Carmel, Israel
| | - Clare Barrington
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Davis W, Mantsios A, Karver T, Murray M, Punekar Y, Ward D, Bredeek UF, Moreno S, Merino D, Knobel H, Campis A, Kerrigan D. "It made me more confident that I have it under control": Patient and provider perspectives on moving to a two-drug ART regimen in the United States and Spain. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232473. [PMID: 32357195 PMCID: PMC7194407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-drug regimens (2DR) to treat HIV infection have the potential to reduce long-term toxicity and increase therapeutic options for people living with HIV (PLHIV). Prior phase III trials, SWORD-1 and SWORD-2, as well as GEMINI-1 and GEMINI-2, have demonstrated that a dolutegravir-based 2DR is as effective as three- or four-drug regimens among virologically suppressed patients. Limited information exists, however, on patient and provider experiences with 2DR to inform roll-out and integration into routine clinical care. METHODS We conducted 39 in-depth interviews with PLHIV currently on 2DR in the context of routine care and 8 of their clinical care providers in the United States (U.S.) and Spain. Participants included 33 male and 6 female PLHIV and 8 providers. Interview topics explored perceptions of and experiences with 2DR compared to prior anti-retroviral regimens (ARVs), side effects, patient satisfaction, and clinical performance. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS Participants viewed 2DR as a significant and positive advance, in terms of its ability to effectively treat HIV with reduced toxicity and essentially no reported side effects. Patients noted the central role providers played in the decision to switch to a 2DR regimen and, among U.S. participants, the importance of insurance coverage making this preferred option feasible. Patients and providers agreed that a 2DR regimen would be appropriate for any PLHIV regardless of whether they were treatment naïve or had significant experience with ARVs. CONCLUSIONS Participants' experiences with a 2DR regimen were positive with no participants, reporting side effects and all reporting continued viral suppression. Providers valued the reduced toxicity offered by 2DR and served as the primary gateway to a transition to 2DR for patients in both settings. This study provides a foundation for further research on the transition to 2DR regimens in other populations and contexts including low- and middle-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Davis
- Center on Health, Risk and Society, American University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea Mantsios
- Center on Health, Risk and Society, American University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Tahilin Karver
- Center on Health, Risk and Society, American University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Miranda Murray
- Center on Health, Risk and Society, American University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Yogesh Punekar
- ViiV Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Douglas Ward
- Dupont Circle Physicians Group, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - U. Fritz Bredeek
- Metropolis Medical Group, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Deanna Kerrigan
- Center on Health, Risk and Society, American University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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Leddy AM, Mantsios A, Davis W, Muraleetharan O, Shembilu C, Mwampashi A, Beckham S, Galai N, Likindikoki S, Mbwambo J, Kerrigan D. Essential elements of a community empowerment approach to HIV prevention among female sex workers engaged in project Shikamana in Iringa, Tanzania. Cult Health Sex 2020; 22:111-126. [PMID: 31496423 PMCID: PMC7061086 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2019.1659999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Globally, female sex workers bear a disproportionate burden of HIV, with those in sub-Saharan Africa being among the most affected. Community empowerment approaches have proven successful at preventing HIV among this population. These approaches facilitate a process whereby sex workers take collective ownership over programmes to address the barriers they face in accessing their health and human rights. Limited applications of such approaches have been documented in Africa. We describe the community empowerment process among female sex workers in Iringa, Tanzania, in the context of a randomised controlled trial of a community empowerment-based model of combination HIV prevention. We conducted 24 in-depth interviews with participants from the intervention community and 12 key informant interviews with HIV care providers, police, venue managers, community advisory board members and research staff. Content analysis was employed, and salient themes were extracted. Findings reveal that the community empowerment process was facilitated by the meaningful engagement of sex workers in programme development, encouraging sex worker ownership over the programme, providing opportunities for solidarity and capacity building, and forming partnerships with key stakeholders. Through this process, sex workers mobilised their collective agency to access their health and human rights including HIV prevention, care and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Leddy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Mantsios
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wendy Davis
- Department of Sociology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ohvia Muraleetharan
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Catherine Shembilu
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ard Mwampashi
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - S.W. Beckham
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noya Galai
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel Likindikoki
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jessie Mbwambo
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Deanna Kerrigan
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Sociology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
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Mantsios A, Galai N, Mbwambo J, Likindikoki S, Shembilu C, Mwampashi A, Beckham SW, Leddy A, Davis W, Sherman S, Kennedy C, Kerrigan D. Community Savings Groups, Financial Security, and HIV Risk Among Female Sex Workers in Iringa, Tanzania. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:3742-3750. [PMID: 29478147 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the association between community savings group participation and consistent condom use (CCU) among female sex workers (FSW) in Iringa, Tanzania. Using cross-sectional data from a survey of venue-based FSW (n = 496), logistic regression was used to examine the associations between financial indicators including community savings group participation and CCU. Over one-third (35%) of the women participated in a savings group. Multivariable regression results indicated that participating in a savings group was significantly associated with nearly two times greater odds of CCU with new clients in the last 30 days (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.10-2.86). Exploratory mediation analysis indicated that the relationship between savings group participation and CCU was partially mediated by financial security, as measured by monthly income. Findings indicate that community savings groups may play an important role in reducing sexual risk behaviors of FSW and hold promise as part of comprehensive, community-led HIV prevention strategies among FSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mantsios
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Noya Galai
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Statistics, The University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jessie Mbwambo
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Samuel Likindikoki
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Catherine Shembilu
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ard Mwampashi
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - S W Beckham
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anna Leddy
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Sociology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Susan Sherman
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Caitlin Kennedy
- Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deanna Kerrigan
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Sociology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
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22
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Mantsios A, Shembilu C, Mbwambo J, Likindikoki S, Sherman S, Kennedy C, Kerrigan D. 'That's how we help each other': Community savings groups, economic empowerment and HIV risk among female sex workers in Iringa, Tanzania. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199583. [PMID: 29975737 PMCID: PMC6033416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Female sex workers (FSW) are a socially and economically marginalized population heavily affected by HIV. Community empowerment approaches focus on FSW taking collective action to address structural barriers to their health and have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing HIV risk. This study examines the potential for community savings groups (locally called michezo) among FSW in Iringa, Tanzania to reduce HIV risk and promote economic and community empowerment. We conducted 27 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with 15 FSW over time and 4 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 35 FSW participating in michezo, and 10 key informant interviews (KIIs) with group collectors. Content analysis was used to identify salient themes around participants' sex work and financial realities; the role of savings groups in their lives and work; and experiences with social cohesion associated with group participation. Michezo were described as providing a safety net for times of financial need, allowing FSW to create greater financial security for themselves and their families. Participation in the groups was also reported to facilitate both individual agency, resulting in members' ability to negotiate condom use and be selective about clients, and a sense of collective identity and solidarity. Participants described group challenges including high mobility and low income of FSW making it difficult for women to fulfill their financial obligations to the group. As a result, participants reported preferences for joining michezo whose members were perceived as more stable (e.g. older, married, from more established venues). Group collectors and members were eager to have michezo formally registered and become recognized by the broader community. Findings indicate that savings groups promote individual agency to reduce sexual risk behaviors and foster community empowerment among FSW. The groups hold potential as an empowerment strategy to enable sex workers to address structural sources of HIV vulnerability and help them achieve socioeconomic inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mantsios
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Catherine Shembilu
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jessie Mbwambo
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Samuel Likindikoki
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Susan Sherman
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Kennedy
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Deanna Kerrigan
- Department of Sociology, American University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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23
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Kerrigan D, Mantsios A, Gorgolas M, Montes ML, Pulido F, Brinson C, deVente J, Richmond GJ, Beckham SW, Hammond P, Margolis D, Murray M. Experiences with long acting injectable ART: A qualitative study among PLHIV participating in a Phase II study of cabotegravir + rilpivirine (LATTE-2) in the United States and Spain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190487. [PMID: 29304154 PMCID: PMC5755771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Challenges with adherence to daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) have stimulated development of injectable long-acting (LA) regimens. We conducted 39 in-depth interviews with participants and providers in a Phase IIb study (LATTE-2) evaluating an injectable LA regimen in the U.S. and Spain. Interviews exploring participant and provider attitudes and experiences with LA versus oral ART were audiotaped, transcribed and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Participants described the convenience of LA injections versus daily pills and emotional benefits such as minimized potential for HIV disclosure and eliminating the "daily reminder of living with HIV." Providers recognized benefits but cautioned that LA candidates still need to adhere to clinic visits for injections and raised questions around ongoing clinical management. LA was seen as preferable to daily oral ART among PLHIV. Further research is needed regarding appropriate candidates, including with women and "non-adherent" populations across settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Kerrigan
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrea Mantsios
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Cynthia Brinson
- Central Texas Clinical Research Corporation, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jerome deVente
- Living Hope Foundation, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Gary J. Richmond
- Independent Researcher, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sarah W. Beckham
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paige Hammond
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Margolis
- ViiV Healthcare, Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Safi AG, Perin J, Mantsios A, Schumacher C, Chaulk CP, Jennings JM. Public Health Detailing to Increase Routine HIV Screening in Baltimore, Maryland: Satisfaction, Feasibility, and Effectiveness. Public Health Rep 2017; 132:609-616. [PMID: 29045797 DOI: 10.1177/0033354917732333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction with, and the feasibility and effectiveness of, a public health detailing project focused on increasing routine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening of people aged 13-64 by primary care providers working in areas of Baltimore City, Maryland, with high rates of HIV transmission (defined as a mean geometric viral load of ≥1500 copies/mL per census tract). In public health detailing, trained public health professionals (ie, detailers) visit medical practice sites to meet with providers and site staff members, with the intention of influencing changes in clinical practice policy and/or behavior. During 2014, detailers made personal visits and gave HIV Testing Action Kits containing maps, educational and guideline documents, and resource lists to 166 providers and office managers at 85 primary care sites. At follow-up, 88 of 91 (96.7%) providers and 37 of 38 (97.4%) clinic managers were very satisfied or satisfied with the project. Of the 79 sites eligible at follow-up (ie, those that had not closed or merged with another practice), 76 (96.2%) had accepted at least 1 HIV Testing Action Kit, and 67 of 90 (74.4%) providers had increased their HIV screening. Public health detailing projects can be used to educate and support providers, establish relationships between providers and local health departments, and disseminate public health messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Greiner Safi
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child and Community Health Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,2 Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Perin
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child and Community Health Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,3 Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Mantsios
- 4 Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christina Schumacher
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child and Community Health Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Patrick Chaulk
- 5 Baltimore City Health Department, Baltimore, MD, USA.,6 Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,7 Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacky M Jennings
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child and Community Health Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,4 Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,8 Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Philbin MM, Lozada R, Zúñiga ML, Mantsios A, Case P, Magis-Rodriguez C, Latkin CA, Strathdee SA. A qualitative assessment of stakeholder perceptions and socio-cultural influences on the acceptability of harm reduction programs in Tijuana, Mexico. Harm Reduct J 2008; 5:36. [PMID: 19021899 PMCID: PMC2613137 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7517-5-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Mexico-U.S. border region is experiencing rising rates of blood-borne infections among injection drug users (IDUs), emphasizing the need for harm reduction interventions. Methods We assessed the religious and cultural factors affecting the acceptability and feasibility of three harm reduction interventions – Needle exchange programs (NEPs), syringe vending machines, and safer injection facilities (SIFs) – in Tijuana, Mexico. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 community stakeholders to explore cultural and societal-related themes. Results Themes that emerged included Tijuana's location as a border city, family values, and culture as a mediator of social stigma and empathy towards IDUs. Perception of low levels of both awareness and socio-cultural readiness for harm reduction interventions was noted. Religious culture emerged as a theme, highlighting the important role religious leaders play in determining community responses to harm reduction and rehabilitation strategies for IDUs. The influence of religious culture on stakeholders' opinions concerning harm reduction interventions was evidenced by discussions of family and social values, stigma, and resulting policies. Conclusion Religion and politics were described as both a perceived benefit and deterrent, highlighting the need to further explore the overall influences of culture on the acceptability and implementation of harm reduction programs for drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan M Philbin
- Division of International Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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26
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Philbin MM, Mantsios A, Lozada R, Case P, Pollini RA, Alvelais J, Latkin CA, Magis-Rodriguez C, Strathdee SA. Exploring stakeholder perceptions of acceptability and feasibility of needle exchange programmes, syringe vending machines and safer injection facilities in Tijuana, Mexico. Int J Drug Policy 2008; 20:329-35. [PMID: 18963906 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injection drug use is a growing public health crisis along the U.S.-Mexican border and rising rates of blood-borne infections highlight the pressing need for harm reduction interventions. We explored the acceptability and feasibility of such interventions in Tijuana, a city adjacent to San Diego, California. METHODS Using in-depth qualitative interviews conducted from August 2006-March 2007 with 40 key stakeholders - pharmacists, legal professionals, health officials, religious officials, drug treatment providers, and law enforcement personnel - we explored the acceptability and feasibility of interventions to reduce drug-related harm in Tijuana, Mexico. Interviews were taped with consent, transcribed verbatim, and translated. Content analysis was conducted to identify themes which included barriers, structural limitations, and suggestions for implementation. RESULTS Topics included acceptance and feasibility of needle exchange programmes (NEPs), syringe vending machines, and safer injection facilities (SIFs), structural barriers and suggestions for implementation. Of these interventions, NEPs were deemed the most acceptable (75%); however, only half believed these could be feasibly implemented, citing barriers involving religion, police, and lack of political will, public awareness, and funding. CONCLUSIONS Increasing HIV infection rates among injection drug users in Tijuana have prompted interest in public health responses. Our results may assist policy strategists in implementing social-structural interventions that will help create enabling environments that facilitate the scale-up and implementation of harm reduction in Tijuana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan M Philbin
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0622, USA
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Strathdee SA, Lozada R, Pollini RA, Brouwer KC, Mantsios A, Abramovitz DA, Rhodes T, Latkin CA, Loza O, Alvelais J, Magis-Rodriguez C, Patterson TL. Individual, social, and environmental influences associated with HIV infection among injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008; 47:369-76. [PMID: 18176320 PMCID: PMC2752692 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e318160d5ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined correlates of HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) in Tijuana, Mexico, a city bordering the United States, which is situated on major migration and drug trafficking routes. METHODS IDUs aged > or =18 years were recruited using respondent-driven sampling. Participants underwent antibody testing for HIV and syphilis and structured interviews. Weighted logistic regression identified correlates of HIV infection. RESULTS Of 1056 IDUs, the median age was 37 years, 86% were male, and 76% were migrants. HIV prevalence was higher in female participants than in male participants (8% vs. 3%; P = 0.01). Most IDUs testing HIV-positive were previously unaware of their serostatus (93%). IDUs reported injecting with a median of 2 people in the prior 6 months and had been arrested for having injection stigmata (ie, "track-marks") a median of 3 times. Factors independently associated with HIV infection were being female, syphilis titers consistent with active infection, larger numbers of recent injection partners, living in Tijuana for a shorter duration, and being arrested for having track-marks. CONCLUSIONS Individual, social, and environmental factors were independently associated with HIV infection among IDUs in Tijuana. These findings suggest the need to intervene not solely on individual risk behaviors but on social processes that drive these behaviors, including problematic policing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffanie A Strathdee
- Division of International Health and Cross Cultural Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Cruz MF, Mantsios A, Ramos R, Case P, Brouwer KC, Ramos ME, Fraga WD, Latkin CA, Miller CL, Strathdee SA. A qualitative exploration of gender in the context of injection drug use in two US-Mexico border cities. AIDS Behav 2007; 11:253-62. [PMID: 16865542 PMCID: PMC2733528 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-006-9148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Injection drug use is of increasing concern along the U.S.-Mexico border where Tijuana and Ciudad (Cd.) Juarez are located. We conducted a qualitative study to explore the context of drug use, with a focus on gender differences. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 male and 10 female injection drug users (IDUs) in Tijuana and 15 male and 8 female IDUs in Cd. Juarez. Topics included types of drugs used, injection settings, access to sterile needles and environmental influences. Interviews were taped, transcribed and translated. Content analysis was conducted to identify themes. Several themes emerged with respect to gender: (a) how drugs were obtained; (b) where drugs were used; (c) relationship dynamics surrounding drug use; and (d) sex in exchange for money or drugs. Men reported buying and injecting in shooting galleries and other locations, whereas women tended to buy and inject drugs with people they knew and trusted. All men reported having shared syringes in shooting galleries, often with strangers. In these two cities, venue-based interventions may be more appropriate for male IDUs, whereas personal network interventions may be more appropriate among female IDUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Firestone Cruz
- Division of International Health and Cross-Cultural Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, Ash Building, Room 118, Mail stop 0622, San Diego, CA, USA
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