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Marcilla-Toribio I, Moratalla-Cebrián ML, Notario-Pacheco B, Escudero-Lopez MA, Morales-Cuenca N, Martinez-Andres M. Gender differences in symptomatology, socio-demographic information and quality of life in Spanish population with long COVID condition: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1355973. [PMID: 38577278 PMCID: PMC10991816 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1355973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long COVID patients experience a decrease in their quality of life due to the symptomatology produced by the disease. It is also important to understand how long COVID affects both men and women. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of long COVID symptomatology on the quality of life of Spanish adults from a gender perspective. Methods An observational and cross-sectional study was carried out. Participants were able to complete an online questionnaire using an online platform. A sample of 206 people participated in the study. Results The 80.6% of the sample were women with a mean age of 46.51 (±8.28) and the 19.4% were men with a mean age of 48.03 (±9.50). The medium score in the PAC19-QoL test was 141.47 (±24.96) and segmented by gender, 141.65 (±23.95) for women and 140.82 (±28.66) for men. The most common symptoms in women were muscle and joint pain (94.6%), fatigue (94.0%), discomfort (92.2%), difficulty concentrating (91.0%), and memory loss (88.6%). For men the symptoms included muscle and joint pain (97.5%) and fatigue (97.5%) both occupying first position, discomfort (92.0%), difficulty concentrating (90.0%), mood disturbances (90.0%), and memory loss (87.5%). The chi-square test showed statistical significance (p < 0.005) for socio-demographic information, quality of life scores, and long COVID symptoms by intensities. Conclusion This study shows that there are gender differences in the way that long COVID is experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Marcilla-Toribio
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Grupo de Investigación Health, Gender, Social Determinants, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla- La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Maria Leopolda Moratalla-Cebrián
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Grupo de Investigación Health, Gender, Social Determinants, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla- La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Blanca Notario-Pacheco
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Grupo de Investigación Health, Gender, Social Determinants, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería de Cuenca, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Escudero-Lopez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Grupo de Investigación Health, Gender, Social Determinants, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Nagore Morales-Cuenca
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Grupo de Investigación Health, Gender, Social Determinants, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería de Cuenca, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Maria Martinez-Andres
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Grupo de Investigación Health, Gender, Social Determinants, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla- La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
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Teijeira L, Martínez M, Moreno A, de Elejoste I, Ibáñez-Beroiz B, Arrazubi V, Díaz de Corcuera I, Elejalde I, Campillo-Calatayud A, Les I. Baseline Circulating Blood Cell Counts and Ratios and Changes Therein for Predicting Immune-Related Adverse Events during Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational, Pan-Cancer Cohort Study with a Gender Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:151. [PMID: 38201577 PMCID: PMC10778233 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Several factors have been associated with the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Despite their availability, the predictive value of circulating blood cell parameters remains underexplored. Our aim was to investigate whether baseline values of and early changes in absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), other blood cell counts, and lymphocyte-related ratios can predict irAEs and whether sex may differentially influence this potential predictive ability. Of the 145 patients included, 52 patients (35.8%) experienced at least one irAE, with a 1-year cumulative incidence of 41.6%. Using Fine and Gray competing risk models, we identified female sex (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20-3.85), high ALC before ICI initiation (HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.09-2.45), and low ANC after ICI initiation (HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69-0.96) as predictors of irAEs. However, ALC and ANC may only have an impact on the risk of irAEs in women (stratified for female sex, ALC-related HR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.40-4.86 and ANC-related HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.41-0.81). Priority should be given to developing models to predict ICI-related toxicity and their validation in various settings, and such models should assess the impact of patient sex on the risk of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Teijeira
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Mireia Martínez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Araba, Servicio Vasco de Salud Osakidetza, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación en Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Bioaraba, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Amaia Moreno
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Galdakao, 48960 Galdácano, Spain; (A.M.); (I.D.d.C.)
| | - Ibone de Elejoste
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Donostia, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Berta Ibáñez-Beroiz
- Servicio de Metodología, IdISNA, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Virginia Arrazubi
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Isabela Díaz de Corcuera
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Galdakao, 48960 Galdácano, Spain; (A.M.); (I.D.d.C.)
| | - Iñaki Elejalde
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias e Inmunomediadas, IdISNA, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Ana Campillo-Calatayud
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias e Inmunomediadas, IdISNA, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Iñigo Les
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias e Inmunomediadas, IdISNA, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Estévez A, Macía L, Ontalvilla A, Aurrekoetxea M. Exploring the psychosocial characteristics of women with gambling disorder through a qualitative study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1294149. [PMID: 38173857 PMCID: PMC10761503 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1294149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gambling disorder is a behavioral addiction that has been primarily male, but in the last few years, the age of onset has been equated between the sexes. The profile of female gamblers could be different from that of men. Consequently, this study analyzes the testimonies of women with gambling disorder to determine their specific characteristics (gambling motives, gambling preferences, and associated pathologies). Method The sample comprises 18 women with gambling disorder aged between 30 and 68. Three discussion groups were held, and a "blind" inductive process was carried out to extract categories. The Atlas.Ti 22.0 program was used to recode and analyze the data. Results Results show that women may start gambling due to abuse suffered in childhood, and often family members initiate women into gambling. Likewise, the onset of gambling could be a maladaptive way to manage negative emotions. Also highlighted is the predominance of feelings of social stigmatization, which can be reflected in women's choice of games where they are not visible. Comorbidity with other disorders such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, and the use of other substances are noteworthy. Discussion The factors explaining why female gamblers do not seek treatment compared to male gamblers are analyzed. More studies on women's experience with gambling are needed to address the specific characteristics of gambling disorder in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Estévez
- Psychology Department, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laura Macía
- Psychology Department, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Maite Aurrekoetxea
- Department of Social and Human Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
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Llorens-Ortega R, Bertran-Noguer C, Juvinyà-Canals D, Garre-Olmo J, Bosch-Farré C. Influence of Social Determinants of Health on the Quality of Life of Older Adults in Europe: A Sex Analysis. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3401316. [PMID: 37886480 PMCID: PMC10602104 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3401316/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The global aging population poses challenges for society such as health inequalities among older persons and between genders. Objectives To determine how Social Determinants of Health (SDH) influence the quality of life (QoL) of individuals over 50 years old in various European countries, taking a gender perspective in a longitudinal study. Materials and methods Sample of 11,493 individuals from 13 European countries from Waves 5 (2013), 6 (2015), and 7 (2017) of the SHARE study. Instruments: CASP-12 (QoL), EURO-D (depression), SDH: gender, age, educational level, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, place of residence, and European region. Sociodemographic and clinical variables. Statistical analysis: Bivariate and multivariate mixed linear models. Results The bivariate analysis showed higher economic hardship and lower education in women compared to men. The CASP-12 score was higher in men than in women. In the multivariate analysis, the variables associated with lower QoL scores among men and women from Wave 5 to Wave 7 were: (β:-0.196, 95% CI: -0.345; -0.047) vs (β:0.038, 95% CI: -0.122; 0.197); economic hardship; and the European region between South and North (β: 2.709, 95% CI: 2.403; 3.015) vs men (β: 2.224, 95% CI: 1.896; 2.551). Conclusions The main SDH associated with poorer QoL were female gender, advanced age, economic hardship, educational level, and geographic location within Europe. Depression in women and in Southern Europe were associated with a decrease in QoL scores.
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Mendoza-Holgado C, Cantero-Garlito PA, Barrios-Fernandez S. Gender Composition in Occupational Therapy Journals' Editorial Boards. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3458. [PMID: 36834154 PMCID: PMC9966705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyses the Editorial Board (EB) distribution of Occupational Therapy journals from a gender perspective. The "Occupational Therapy" field in the Scimago Journal and Country Rank (SJR) and the "Occupational Therapy" term in the title search of the Journal Citation Report (JCR) were used to find the Occupational Therapy-specific journals. The following indicators were calculated: Editorial Board Member (EBM) gender distribution by journal, publisher, subject speciality, country, and journal quartile. Thirty-seven journals were located, including 667 individuals, 206 males (31%) and 461 females (69%). Referring to the EB positions, most members (557) were EB members, 70 were listed as Associate Editors, and 20 as Editorial Leaders. The results show that the proportion of women in the EB's of Occupational Therapy journals represents a majority. Regarding the distribution by gender of the EBMs, six journals had a female proportion below the cut-off point revealed in this study (69%). Four did not reach parity, with female representation below 50%. Additionally, the balance among the EBMs is significantly underrepresented compared to the percentage of female Occupational Therapy practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mendoza-Holgado
- Health and Social Services Department, Government of Extremadura, 10004 Cáceres, Spain
- Occupation, Participation, Sustainability and Quality of Life (Ability Research Group), Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Sabina Barrios-Fernandez
- Occupation, Participation, Sustainability and Quality of Life (Ability Research Group), Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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Ros-Sanchez T, Lidon-Cerezuela MB, Lopez-Benavente Y, Abad-Corpa E. Promoting empowerment and self-care in older women through participatory action research: Analysis of the process of change. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:2224-2235. [PMID: 36790038 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM To generate and understand the process of change in the empowerment of women from 60 to 80 years old through a Participatory Action Research. SPECIFIC AIM To analyse the women participants' experiences concerning empowerment and self-care. DESIGN We use the Participatory Action Research approach (in its critical option) in the Socio-critical Paradigm and applying the Kemmis and McTaggart Model. METHODS A group of 10 women participants from 60 to 80 years old was created and developed the Participatory Action Research from June 2019 to May 2020. This group was involved in 22 group sessions, individual interviews, reflective diaries and triangulation with quantitative data. RESULTS Findings were interpreted based on the Gestalt Self Theory. Women generated changes in their empowerment based on three characteristics (self-determination, self-esteem and self-confidence) and, consequently, in their self-care. They did so according to two distinct patterns of behaviour: Leader women and follower women. The former took the lead in transforming their realities and the latter observed them and evolved in a slower and more reflective manner. These changes had an impact on the most individual level (inner world) and went beyond that barrier, modifying in turn their immediate surroundings and the social level (outer world). CONCLUSIONS The group of older women began to consider their needs and consider themselves as important once they worked on their self-determination, self-esteem and self-confidence; we show these are key aspects to work on their empowerment and promote their self-care. IMPACT The patterns of behaviour and dimensions of empowerment detected may help in future research designs and emancipatory community interventions in this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Ros-Sanchez
- Department of Nursing, Servicio Murciano de Salud (Murcian Health Service), ENFERAVANZA IMIB-Arrixaca, International Doctoral School of the University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Lopez-Benavente
- Primary Care Nursing, Area VII Murcia-East Murcia, Servicio Murciano de Salud (Murcian Health Service), ENFERAVANZA IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Abad-Corpa
- Department of Nursing, University of Murcia, Reina Sofía Hospital, Servicio Murciano de Salud (Murcian Health Service), ENFERAVANZA IMIB-Arrixaca, Investén-isciii, CIBERFES, Murcia, Spain
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Cebrino J, Portero de la Cruz S. Polypharmacy and associated factors: a gender perspective in the elderly Spanish population (2011-2020). Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1189644. [PMID: 37153776 PMCID: PMC10160439 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1189644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies have examined the epidemiology of polypharmacy in non-institutionalized elderly adults with regard to sex differences. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of polypharmacy among people ≥65 years old residing in Spain, analyze trends in that prevalence from 2011/12 to 2020, describe the use of the medicines involved and study the possible relationship between polypharmacy and certain sociodemographic, health-related variables, as well as the use of care services by sex. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study with 21,841 non-institutionalized people ≥65 years old from the Spanish National Health Survey (2011/2012 and 2017) and the European Health Survey in Spain (2014 and 2020) was performed. We used descriptive statistics, performing two binary logistic regressions to determine the factors related to polypharmacy. Results: The prevalence of polypharmacy was 23.2% (women: 28.1%, men: 17.2%; p < 0.001). The most commonly consumed medicines were analgesics and tranquillizers, relaxants or sleeping pills in elderly women, compared with antihypertensives, antacids and antiulcer drugs and statins for elderly men. In both sexs, the positive predictors of polypharmacy included average, poor and very poor self-perceived states of health, people with overweight and obesity, being severely/non-severely limited due to a health problem, having ≥ three chronic conditions, visits to the family doctor and hospitalization. Among elderly women, negative predictors were alcohol intake, whereas in elderly men positive predictors were being 75-84 years old, being current smokers and having 1, 2 chronic conditions. Conclusion: Polypharmacy has a prevalence of 23.2%, with women accounting for 28.1% and men 17.2% of the total. Knowledge of positive and negative predictors of polypharmacy have important implications for public health efforts to develop or improve health guidelines and strategies for promoting the proper use of medication, particularly in the elderly population by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Cebrino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Silvia Portero de la Cruz
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Research Group GC12 Clinical and Epidemiological Research in Primary Care, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- *Correspondence: Silvia Portero de la Cruz,
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Lenta M, Panadero S, Cabrera A, Vázquez JJ. Health situation and perceived health status among women experiencing homelessness: A longitudinal study in Spain. Public Health Nurs 2023; 40:9-16. [PMID: 36029140 PMCID: PMC10086823 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The paper analyses the health situation and the perceived health status of a sample of women experiencing homelessness (n = 138) in Madrid, Spain. All participants were adults, and the night before the baseline interview, they had slept on the street, at a shelter or any facility provided to care for people living homeless. The information was collected using structured interviews, repeated twice a year for a 3-year follow-up period. The findings of this study show that women experiencing homelessness presented poor health, particularly in comparison with the general Spanish population. Over half of the women questioned claimed to have a diagnosed serious or chronic illness, with a correlation between these conditions and the age, time spent homeless or high levels of drug use. There was a positive correlation found between women's perceived health status and being younger and having access to independent accommodation, while having suffered a number of stressful life events and having spent long periods of time living homeless presented a negative correlation with a good perceived health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Lenta
- Department of Preventive Psychology, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Panadero
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Universidad de Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Cabrera
- Department of Economy, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - José Juan Vázquez
- Department of Social Psychology, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
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Leon I, Gamito R, Vizcarra MT, López-Vélez AL. Pedagogical Contexts When Gender and Emotions Intersect with the Body: Interviews with Feminist PE Teachers and Associated Professionals. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15510. [PMID: 36497583 PMCID: PMC9738121 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The importance of approaching school physical education from the perspective of body and identity diversity is currently receiving increased recognition generally, and this is perhaps especially true in the Basque Country, Spain. A number of involved professionals are committed to emotional education from a gender perspective with the objective of facilitating emotional awareness through the body. The aim of this research project was to compile the experiences and reflections of relevant professionals in the field of education and, on the basis of this testimony, identify limitations with respect to current engagement in this area. We conducted fourteen in-depth interviews with key informants, and their transcripts were analysed using Nvivo software release 1.4, contrasting the coding two by two. The results provide a snapshot of the current context and highlight some of the existing discourses and challenges in the education system around this topic. We conclude that physical activity is a key area in which to work on emotional education and reinforce a gender perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irati Leon
- Department of Musical, Visual Arts and Physical Education, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Rakel Gamito
- Department of Didactics, School Organization, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - María Teresa Vizcarra
- Department of Musical, Visual Arts and Physical Education, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Luisa López-Vélez
- Department of Didactics, School Organization, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Frimpong EK, Yamoah P, Wiafe E, Demana PH, Matlala M. Market Women's Perspectives on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Case of Ghana and South Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:9658. [PMID: 35955014 PMCID: PMC9367916 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally, countries are still battling health challenges and the negative economic stress on the citizenry caused by COVID-19. This study explored the perspectives of market women in Ghana and South Africa on COVID-19. Data collection was executed in both Ghana and South Africa between March 2021 and December 2021. Employing semi-structured questionnaires, face-to-face interviews were conducted. Most of the market women in Ghana described COVID-19 as a global pandemic, while market women in South Africa described the disease as the deadly flu. There were similarities in the perceived signs and symptoms of COVID-19. Market women in both countries specifically observed that not adhering to the safety protocols was the major mode of transmission. Lemon, garlic and ginger were the most common foodstuffs used by the market women to fight COVID-19. To prevent COVID-19 at their places of work, market women stressed the importance of observing the safety protocols. An overwhelming majority of market women in both countries bemoaned the negative impact of COVID-19 on their businesses and suggested the need for financial assistance from their respective governments. The findings are intended to assist policymakers in both Ghana and South Africa to implement interventional projects to assist women whom the literature suggests are the most vulnerable during pandemics such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Kwabena Frimpong
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2790, South Africa
| | - Peter Yamoah
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho PMB 31, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Wiafe
- Pharmacy Department, Ho Teaching Hospital, Ho MA 374, Ghana
| | - Patrick Hulisani Demana
- Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Molotlegi St, Ga-Rankuwa Zone 1, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - Moliehi Matlala
- Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Molotlegi St, Ga-Rankuwa Zone 1, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
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Canton C, Baston C, Álvarez Gatti P, Vecchiarelli C, Osio C. Fathers' perspectives and assessment of breastfeeding at a private maternity center in the City of Buenos Aires. A qualitative study. ARCH ARGENT PEDIATR 2022; 120:187-194. [PMID: 35533121 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2022.eng.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Introduction. The evidence about the effectiveness of fathers' or partners' involvement in breastfeeding interventions to promote initiation, duration, and exclusiveness rates has increased in recent years. OBJECTIVES To identify the perspectives and assessments of breastfeeding among partners of breastfeeding women and develop information to create adequate interventions that favor the inclusion of fathers in care spaces and in the support of breastfeeding. MATERIAL AND METHODS Qualitative study with a grounded theory design. Four focus groups were held with fathers. Data were processed defining free flow analysis units, coded in 2 levels, an open code, with emerging categories, and such categories grouped into 5 main topics. RESULTS A total of 16 fathers participated. Five main topics were identified: fathers' knowledge about breastfeeding, feelings towards breastfeeding, partner's involvement in breastfeeding, development of the concept of fatherhood, breastfeeding in society. Breastfeeding was positively assessed. Although breastfeeding support was considered a shared family responsibility, there were not enough co-participation actions identified. Participants expressed their desire to play a more involved fatherhood role; however, they stated that these transformations are not supported at workplaces. CONCLUSIONS The evidence showed a positive assessment of breastfeeding, adequate knowledge, and concern about difficulties. Breastfeeding support was considered a shared responsibility, but not enough specific coparticipation actions were mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Canton
- Sanatorio Otamendi y Miroli, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cecilia Baston
- Sanatorio Otamendi y Miroli, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Cristina Osio
- Sanatorio Otamendi y Miroli, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Courvoisier N, Storari C, Lesage S, Vittoz L, Barbieux C, Peytremann-Bridevaux I, Gilles I, Calmy A. Facilitators and barriers of women's participation in HIV clinical research in Switzerland: A qualitative study. HIV Med 2022; 23:441-447. [PMID: 35178844 PMCID: PMC9305145 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Women are underrepresented in most HIV clinical trials in Western countries, but their participation remains crucial as the lack of information on sex- and gender-specific effects may hinder the safety and efficacy of antiretroviral treatments. The aim of this study was to identify barriers to and facilitators of women's participation in HIV clinical trials in Switzerland. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews among 20 women with HIV to explore factors associated with non-participation in clinical trials. The interviewer presented to participants a clinical trial's description and discussed it with them. Lexicometric analysis on transcribed interviews identified three themes and eight sub-themes related to the pros and cons of participation in HIV clinical trials. RESULTS Participants evoked mainly decision-making drivers, concerns for women living with HIV and treatment side-effects. They highlighted the need for extensive information provided by trusted healthcare professionals on the research process as central to the decision to enrol in HIV clinical trials. Familial responsibilities were clearly identified as barriers to their participation, but not pregnancy. Additional preoccupations were other health concerns and comorbidities and the consequences of stopping ongoing antiretroviral treatments. CONCLUSIONS To overcome the barriers to the participation of women living with HIV in clinical research in Western countries, healthcare professionals and researchers should increase women's research literacy by involving them in the study design and by tailoring clinical trials to their social roles and health concerns. Trust in professionals is a facilitator of enrolment of women living with HIV that should be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Courvoisier
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Storari
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saphir Lesage
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Vittoz
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Barbieux
- HIV/AIDS Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Peytremann-Bridevaux
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Gilles
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Calmy
- HIV/AIDS Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Rodríguez-Madrid MN, del Río-Lozano M, Fernández-Peña R, García-Calvente MDM. Changes in Caregiver Personal Support Networks: Gender Differences and Effects on Health (CUIDAR-SE Study). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182111723. [PMID: 34770237 PMCID: PMC8583071 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Technological changes have led to important advances in medical diagnoses and treatments that prolong the informal care process. Support from the personal network of informal caregivers is an undervalued resource and the changes that have occurred over time are unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in personal network support among informal caregivers and to examine the effect of these changes on self-perceived caregiver health, with a focus on differences between men and women and caregivers with high and low levels of burden We also investigated caregiver perceptions and explanations of changes to their support network (losses and additions and no change). Using a mixed-methods approach, data were obtained from 32 caregivers that were intentionally selected in Spain, who were interviewed twice with a one-year interval. In the quantitative phase, personal networks analysis was performed with Egonet software, which obtained data on the composition and functional content in social support from 1600 personal relationships (25 alters for each ego in the two waves). In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted in the two waves with a guide in order to explore the changes in informal support resources over time. The selected men with high levels of burden pointed out a loss of network support with more discouraging reports compared with the low-burden male caregivers. Furthermore, the selected women with low burden levels mentioned losses too; however, their reports were more positive. Women reported improved health, especially those with low burden scores in the first wave and those who did not lose support. Caregivers with a high initial burden and who lost support reported worse health, particularly men and women with a strong sense of duty toward care. Social support from personal networks is important for caregiver health and its effects are influenced by gender roles. Our findings could help by improving the relational and social capital of informal caregivers and adapting them to the new needs of formal home care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María del Río-Lozano
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18080 Granada, Spain; (M.d.R.-L.); (M.d.M.G.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs. Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Fernández-Peña
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain
- IDIVAL Nursing Research Group, 39011 Santander, Spain
- SALBIS Research Group, University of León, 24400 León, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - María del Mar García-Calvente
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18080 Granada, Spain; (M.d.R.-L.); (M.d.M.G.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs. Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
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Pereira-Román B, López-Soler C, Alcántara López MV. Gender Perspective in Research on Interventions in Children with Experiences of Parental Gender-Based Violence: Application of GPIHR Criteria. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:11047. [PMID: 34769567 PMCID: PMC8583373 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the inclusion of a gender perspective (GP) in scientific production on interventions for a reduction in psychological distress in children who have experienced parental gender-based violence (CEXPGBV). To achieve this, a review of publications was carried out in the Web of Science, EBSCOhost, ProQuest and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 3418 records were found, and 44 items of research selected. For GP analysis, the questionnaire "Gender perspective in health research" (GPIHR) was applied and relationships with the terminology of violence were analysed, as well as the definition of term used, references to violence by men or received by women and the instruments used to assess these. Generally, the assessed studies do not contain a GP, since 70% of the GPIHR items were answered negatively. Likewise, 89% of research used general terms to refer to violence without referring to gender. These results show the importance of considering instruments such as GPIHR in both the planning and development of future research in order to avoid possible gender bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Pereira-Román
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.L.-S.); (M.V.A.L.)
- Association for the Development of Mental Health in Children and Youth “I Want to Grow”, 30001 Murcia, Spain
| | - Concepción López-Soler
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.L.-S.); (M.V.A.L.)
- Association for the Development of Mental Health in Children and Youth “I Want to Grow”, 30001 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Vicenta Alcántara López
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.L.-S.); (M.V.A.L.)
- Association for the Development of Mental Health in Children and Youth “I Want to Grow”, 30001 Murcia, Spain
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15
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Diez R, Dominguez A, Ponsoda S, Ortuño B. Social Science Pedagogy as a Way of Integrating Sustainable Education and Global Citizenship into the Initial Training of Pre-Primary Teachers. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2021; 11:975-989. [PMID: 34563085 PMCID: PMC8544216 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe11030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to demonstrate the integration of international and national strategies in education for sustainable development and global citizenship into initial teacher training. The researchers analyzed the outcomes of a feminist teaching strategy based on family trees, focusing on the usefulness of social science pedagogy in developing critical thinking among pupils. They also attempted to enhance teachers' digital literacy and make progress in reflecting on its functioning and use. The research used mixed methods, and the research instrument was a questionnaire using Likert-type scales validated by specialists from several universities. It was deployed in the module Didáctica del Conocimiento del Medio Social y Medioambiental (Pedagogy of Knowledge of the Social and Cultural Environment) of the Bachelor's Degree in Pre-Primary Education at the University of Alicante. Using historical research with a gender perspective, the trainee teachers investigated their family trees, focusing on the women in their families. They also carried out a speculative exercise to aid reflection on their contributions as teachers in support of equal education. The results obtained showed that this was a novel and useful educational activity, which inspired participants to work for a fair and democratic global citizenship based on coeducation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Diez
- Department of General Didactics and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (S.P.); (B.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Dominguez
- Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Santiago Ponsoda
- Department of General Didactics and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (S.P.); (B.O.)
| | - Bárbara Ortuño
- Department of General Didactics and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (S.P.); (B.O.)
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Torrens-Melich M, Orengo T, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Almodóvar I, Baquero A, Benito A. Gender Perspective in Dual Diagnosis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1101. [PMID: 34439720 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little data are available for women diagnosed with a dual diagnosis. However, dual diagnosis in women presents increased stigma, social penalties, and barriers to access to treatment than it does for men. Indeed, it increases the probability of suffering physical or sexual abuse, violent victimization, gender-based violence, unemployment, social exclusion, social-role problems, and physical and psychiatric comorbidities. Thus, a transversal sex and gender-based perspective is required to adequately study and treat dual diagnosis. For this, sex and gender factors should be included in every scientific analysis; professionals should review their own prejudices and stereotypes and train themselves specifically from a gender perspective; administrations should design and provide specific treatment resources for women; and we could all contribute to a structural social transformation that goes beyond gender mandates and norms and reduces the risk of abuse and violence inflicted on women.
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Rumi MH, Makhdum N, Rashid MH, Muyeed A. Gender Differences in Service Quality of Upazila Health Complex in Bangladesh. J Patient Exp 2021; 8:23743735211008304. [PMID: 34179433 PMCID: PMC8205356 DOI: 10.1177/23743735211008304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gender-based differences in satisfaction on the service quality of the Upazila Health Complex (UHC) in Bangladesh are assessed in this paper using the SERVQUAL model. Two Upazila, field administrative unit of Bangladesh, of Meherpur district of Bangladesh, were selected to conduct the study. The study used a quantitative approach, primarily using the survey method. The research found that the perception of male and female on service quality of UHC varies significantly. Though they have a similar perception of reliability dimension, females still have a comparatively more positive perception of accessibility, tangibles, empathy, and responsiveness dimensions to UHC than male service receivers. The regression result showed that responsiveness is the key factor to bring satisfaction in service, while empathy and accessibility moderately influence service receivers’ satisfaction. The findings will be useful for policymakers, public health stakeholders, earnest learners, practitioners, and academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruf Hasan Rumi
- Department of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Niaz Makhdum
- Department of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Harunur Rashid
- Department of Public Administration and Governance Studies, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Muyeed
- Department of Statistics, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Valls Martínez MDC, Ramírez-Orellana A, Grasso MS. Health Investment Management and Healthcare Quality in the Public System: A Gender Perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18052304. [PMID: 33652724 PMCID: PMC7967670 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this empirical research was to provide useful information for health system managers on the costs and investments involved in improving the quality of the National Health Service (NHS) based on patient assessments and from a gender perspective, i.e., without assuming that the perceived experience is identical for men and women. A cross-sectional study of 31 variables was applied using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) as a research tool. The data were obtained from the Spanish Ministry of Health, Consumption, and Social Welfare for the entire Spanish territory between 2005 and 2018. The influence of expenditure, resource allocation, and mortality was hypothesized with regard to patient satisfaction according to disconfirmation theory. Patient satisfaction reflects clinical effectiveness, and therefore is a measure of health system quality. The results show that women are more sensitive to public investment in health than men, i.e., an increase in the level of spending and resources increases satisfaction more in women. In both sexes, the level of expenditure has a direct influence on patient satisfaction, and therefore on the quality of the healthcare system. It is important to increase spending on primary care, especially on specialized medical care and diagnostic equipment. However, reducing the use of drugs in favor of alternative treatments or therapies is considered to be positive. Likewise, spending has an impact on available resources, and these, in turn, have a positive influence on the level of use and a negative impact on mortality. Resources, especially healthcare staff, nuclear magnetic resonance equipment, and the number of posts in day hospitals, increase patients’ positive perception of the NHS.
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Chela-Alvarez X, Bulilete O, García-Buades ME, Ferrer-Perez VA, Llobera-Canaves J. Perceived Factors of Stress and Its Outcomes among Hotel Housekeepers in the Balearic Islands: A Qualitative Approach from a Gender Perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 18:ijerph18010052. [PMID: 33374718 PMCID: PMC7793481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tourism is the main economic sector in the Balearic Islands (Spain) and hotel housekeepers (HHs) are a large occupational group, in which stress is becoming a major issue. This study aims at exploring in-depth factors perceived as stressors by HHs and key-informants, and their effects on work-life balance (WLB). A qualitative design with phenomenological approach was used, conducting six focus groups with 34 HHs and 10 individual interviews with key-informants. Results were analyzed adopting the job demands-resources model and a gender perspective. High demands, e.g., work overload, time pressure, physical burden…, lack of enough resources and little control, derived from role conflict, unexpected events…, were the most important factors explaining HHs' stress. Additionally, this imbalance was perceived as leading to health problems, mainly musculoskeletal disorders. Working schedule was mentioned as a facilitator to WLB, whereas an imbalance between job demands and resources led to work-home conflict, preventing them from enjoying leisure time. Multiple roles at work and at home increased their stress. HHs experienced their job as invisible and unrecognised. Regarding practical implications, our recommendations for hotel organization include reducing workload and increasing resources, which would improve the job demands-resource balance, diminish negative mental and physical outcomes and improve WLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Chela-Alvarez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Services, 07003 Palma, Spain; (O.B.); (J.L.-C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Oana Bulilete
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Services, 07003 Palma, Spain; (O.B.); (J.L.-C.)
| | - M. Esther García-Buades
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.E.G.-B.); (V.A.F-P.)
| | - Victoria A. Ferrer-Perez
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.E.G.-B.); (V.A.F-P.)
| | - Joan Llobera-Canaves
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Services, 07003 Palma, Spain; (O.B.); (J.L.-C.)
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Liao HC, Wang YH. Integrating the Gender Perspective into Literature Studies to Enhance Medical University Students' Gender Awareness and Critical Thinking. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17249245. [PMID: 33321913 PMCID: PMC7764421 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study attempted to integrate the gender perspective into literature studies to allow medical university students to examine internalized gender prescriptions and investigate whether the integration of the gender perspective into literature studies would create any difference among students in gender awareness and critical thinking. METHODS This study used fifteen-week quasi-experimental research to verify the feasibility of using the gender perspective in literature studies to arouse medical university students' gender awareness and critical thinking. Before and after the intervention, a gender awareness test and a critical thinking disposition test were carried out by both the experimental group (41 students) and control group (41 students). RESULTS The findings show that regarding gender awareness, with the integration of the gender perspective into literature studies, medical university students had significantly higher post-test scores for "public gender consciousness" and "private gender consciousness." In regard to critical thinking, they also had significantly better post-test scores in "systematicity and analyticity," "maturity and skepticism," and "inquisitiveness and conversance." CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the integration of the gender perspective into literature studies could result in positive learning outcomes among medical university students in terms of gender awareness and critical thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chang Liao
- Department of Health Services Administration, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ya-huei Wang
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Foreign Languages, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-24730022 (ext. 12003)
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Menéndez-Espina S, Llosa JA, Agulló-Tomás E, Rodríguez-Suárez J, Sáiz-Villar R, Lasheras-Díez HF, De Witte H, Boada-Grau J. The Influence of Gender Inequality in the Development of Job Insecurity: Differences Between Women and Men. Front Public Health 2020; 8:526162. [PMID: 33163470 PMCID: PMC7581853 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.526162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Job insecurity is an indicator of precarious work that refers to the fear of losing one's job. It is a relevant source of stress, with negative consequences on people's mental health. The main objective and contribution of this study is to identify how gender inequality and job insecurity are related, responding to the lack of consensus found in scientific literature in this field of study. To do so, a predictive study of job insecurity, broken down by gender, is developed, considering sociodemographic and labor variables as antecedents. The sample included 1,005 employees (420 men and 585 women) aged between 18 and 65, and a linear regression was conducted for each group. Results show that women perceive greater insecurity under precarious working conditions (temporary work, informal work, salary cuts, tenure), whereas in the case of men variables related to their professional careers (job category, education) and household incomes were relevant predictors. It is concluded that job insecurity affects both gender groups, but the conditions in which this perception grows are significantly impacted by gender inequality. These findings will allow for holistic and effective actions to decrease the effects of precarious work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Antonio Llosa
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Hans De Witte
- Research Unit Occupational & Organizational Psychology and Professional Learning (O2L) KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Joan Boada-Grau
- Department of Psychology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work comes from the interest and need to understand the problems arising from the activity of caring for dependent people, in the world and particularly in the European region. Altogether, it seeks to understand the consequences of informal care on the caregiver adding to the debate a gender perspective. Through a multidisciplinary bibliographic review, the current care crisis becomes clear. The demographic and socio-cultural changes in recent years are causing dependency to increase dramatically, while putting at risk the availability of informal caregivers. Several studies have shown that women are the ones on whom the burden of care mainly falls. Therefore, under the gender perspective, it becomes clear that the consequences of caregiver burden increase gender inequalities worldwide. The study analyzes the current situation and underlines the need to promote alternatives and opportunities so that care is shared and does not fall only on the female gender. Solutions need to be included in public and community health interventions and policies, and to this respect, nurses play an important role in changing the care paradigm.
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Abstract
The present paper introduces present issue focused on community gender perspective and health in an Italian context. After a brief analysis of the disparity and inequity that persist in Europe and Italy, we present six papers from different Italian regions that demonstrate different elements of the complex gender matters and challenges of well-being and health in the community. Considering the differences in social vulnerability and risk between men and women, the unequal power relationships between the sexes could improve the efficacy of intervention and preventative actions. Through this series of papers, we aim to contribute to the debate about how gender perspective can shape studies and interventions that promote both individual and community health and well-being. Gender, one of the key determinants of health, is revealed in many ways; it is necessary to better understand and plan health service interventions to improve the health of women and men. Furthermore, more attention and reflection are needed to promote policy interventions for health and to consider the contribution of women to the health of the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Migliorini
- Department of Education Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nadia Rania
- Department of Education Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Menéndez-Espina S, Llosa JA, Agulló-Tomás E, Rodríguez-Suárez J, Sáiz-Villar R, Lahseras-Díez HF. Job Insecurity and Mental Health: The Moderating Role of Coping Strategies From a Gender Perspective. Front Psychol 2019; 10:286. [PMID: 30833919 PMCID: PMC6387966 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Job insecurity is a growing phenomenon, typical of an employment context characterised by high rates of temporary work and unemployment. Previous research has shown a direct relationship between job insecurity and mental health impairment. The present analysis goes into this relationship in depth, studying the moderating role of coping strategies and predicting that men and women implement different types of strategies. A sample of 1.008 workers is analysed, 588 women and 420 men. The Tobin CSI scale was used to analyse the coping strategies, in addition to JIS-8 to assess job insecurity, the MOS Perceived Social Support Survey and the GHQ-28 test to evaluate mental health. Then, a hierarchical linear regression was designed to study the moderating role of 8 coping strategies of job insecurity and 4 mental health subscales in men and women, separately. Results illustrate that coping strategies play a moderating role in the relationship between job insecurity and mental health. However, the aggravating role of disengagement coping strategies is more relevant than the buffering role of engagement strategies. On the other hand, women implement a greater number of coping strategies, with more positive results for mental health. Also, in the relationship between job insecurity and mental health the most important strategies are the ones related to social interaction inside and outside an organisation, and these are the main ones used by women. It therefore follows that strengthening rich social relationships inside and outside the working environment is a guarantee of well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Antonio Llosa
- Department of Health Sciences, International University of La Rioja (UNIR), La Rioja, Spain
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Menéndez-Espina S, Llosa JA, Agulló-Tomás E, Rodríguez-Suárez J, Sáiz-Villar R, Lahseras-Díez HF. Job Insecurity and Mental Health: The Moderating Role of Coping Strategies From a Gender Perspective. Front Psychol 2019. [PMID: 30833919 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00286/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Job insecurity is a growing phenomenon, typical of an employment context characterised by high rates of temporary work and unemployment. Previous research has shown a direct relationship between job insecurity and mental health impairment. The present analysis goes into this relationship in depth, studying the moderating role of coping strategies and predicting that men and women implement different types of strategies. A sample of 1.008 workers is analysed, 588 women and 420 men. The Tobin CSI scale was used to analyse the coping strategies, in addition to JIS-8 to assess job insecurity, the MOS Perceived Social Support Survey and the GHQ-28 test to evaluate mental health. Then, a hierarchical linear regression was designed to study the moderating role of 8 coping strategies of job insecurity and 4 mental health subscales in men and women, separately. Results illustrate that coping strategies play a moderating role in the relationship between job insecurity and mental health. However, the aggravating role of disengagement coping strategies is more relevant than the buffering role of engagement strategies. On the other hand, women implement a greater number of coping strategies, with more positive results for mental health. Also, in the relationship between job insecurity and mental health the most important strategies are the ones related to social interaction inside and outside an organisation, and these are the main ones used by women. It therefore follows that strengthening rich social relationships inside and outside the working environment is a guarantee of well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Antonio Llosa
- Department of Health Sciences, International University of La Rioja (UNIR), La Rioja, Spain
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Borovecki A, Tozzo P, Cerri N, Caenazzo L. Social egg freezing under public health perspective: Just a medical reality or a women's right? An ethical case analysis. J Public Health Res 2018; 7:1484. [PMID: 30687678 PMCID: PMC6321944 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2018.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a social trend toward delaying childbearing has been observed in women of reproductive age. A novel technomedical innovation was commercialized for non-medical reasons to healthy, ostensibly fertile women, who wished to postpone motherhood for various reasons such as educational or career demands, or because they had not yet found a partner. As a consequence, these women may be affected by age-related infertility when they decide to conceive, and fertility preservation techniques can be obtained through the so-called social egg freezing. This paper examines, from an ethical point of view, the impact of social egg freezing under some aspects that can involve policy making and resources allocation in public health. Due to the increasing demand for this procedure, some debated issues regard if it is reasonable to include social egg freezing in Public Healthcare System and consequently how to manage the storage of cryopreserved oocytes also from individual donors, how to support these egg banks and how to face, in the future, with the possibility that egg freezing will play a role in enabling childbearing for gays, lesbians, and unmarried persons. Social freezing may be advertised to harmonise gender differences, but we wonder if it is the proper solution to the problem or if it could also create further challenges. An ethical argumentation on these topics should address some questions that will be discussed. Significance for public health One of the purposes of medicine in health policies is the recognition of the different health needs of men and women because of their differences, that we can define gender equity, which should be guaranteed. Social egg freezing means to preserve and store a woman’s oocytes for non-medical purposes. This paper discusses how social freezing may be advertised to harmonise these incompatibilities and, if oocyte cryopreservation is an accepted procedure to counter infertility and if fertility treatment is covered by public healthcare, the consequence may be that it may also be covered by public national healthcare system or we have to admit that there is a distinction between assisted reproductive technologies for medical reasons and assisted reproductive technologies with oocytes previously stored for non-medical reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Borovecki
- Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pamela Tozzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
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Pérez-Tejera F, Valera S, Anguera MT. Using Systematic Observation and Polar Coordinates Analysis to Assess Gender-Based Differences in Park Use in Barcelona. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2299. [PMID: 30542307 PMCID: PMC6277760 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to assess gender differences in the usage of public open spaces (POS), as an everyday context. Forty POS in the city of Barcelona were studied over 3 months using systematic observation. To objectively measure park use, an observational instrument (EXOdES) was purposely designed combining a field format and several category systems. The instrument facilitated the record of configurations or co-occurrences of codes from different dimensions (i.g., time of day, age, race/ethnicity, activity setting, activity, and presence of vehicles), providing contextually rich data of more than 35,000 individuals and groups and the setting in which the activity occurs. Although a similar overall proportion of males and females were found using POS (55 vs. 45%), important differences by gender were found between people being alone (66 vs. 34%), and groups (53 vs. 47%). To identify regular patterns in the way that men and women use public parks, information on more than 18,000 groups of people was analyzed as a global data set. A multievent sequential analysis was performed considering gender composition as the given behaviors (i.e., groups of males, females, and gendered mixed). Thus, polar coordinates analysis was also performed, because it is a suitable reduction data technique in studies with a broad observational instrument and a large database. Results show important gendered and cultural differences in POS use. Women tend to reproduce traditional gender role, being often more engaged in care functions with children and elders rather than in any other activity or with people of their same age group. Of particular concern is the gap on park use observed in women of ethnic minority groups. Assessing specific group needs on park use is particularly relevant attending to their multiple health and social benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Pérez-Tejera
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Social Environmental and Organizational Psychology Research Group (PsicoSAO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Valera
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Social Environmental and Organizational Psychology Research Group (PsicoSAO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Anguera
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Jonsson L, Larsson C, Berg C, Korp P, Lindgren EC. What undermines healthy habits with regard to physical activity and food? Voices of adolescents in a disadvantaged community. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2018; 12:1333901. [PMID: 28585483 PMCID: PMC5510232 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2017.1333901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to illuminate factors that undermine the healthy habits of adolescents from a multicultural community with low socioeconomic status (S.E.S.) in Sweden with regard to physical activity (P.A.) and food, as stated in their own voices. Adolescents (n = 53, 12–13 y/o) were recruited from one school situated in a multicultural community characterized by low S.E.S. Embracing an interpretive approach, 10 focus-group interviews were conducted to produce data for the study. The focus-group interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using qualitative content analysis. The analysis resulted in two major themes: (1) the availability of temptations is large, and support from the surroundings is limited; and (2) norms and demands set the agenda. The adolescents’ voices illuminate a profound awareness and the magnitude of tempting screen-based activities as undermining their P.A. and healthy food habits. Moreover, several gender boundaries were highlighted as undermining girls’ P.A. and healthy food habits. The adolescents’ stories illuminated that it is difficult for them, within their environment, to establish healthy habits with regard to P.A. and food. To facilitate the adolescents’ healthy habits, we suggest that support from family, friends, the school, and society at large is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Jonsson
- a Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Christel Larsson
- a Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Christina Berg
- a Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Peter Korp
- a Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Eva-Carin Lindgren
- a Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.,b School of Health and Welfare , Halmstad University , Halmstad , Sweden
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Östlund G, Björk M, Thyberg I, Valtersson E, Sverker A. Women's situation-specific strategies in managing participation restrictions due to early rheumatoid arthritis: A gender comparison. Musculoskeletal Care 2018; 16:251-259. [PMID: 29316201 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study explored how women describe their use of situation-specific strategies when managing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim was also to compare women's strategies with those of men, and see the extent to which they used the same strategies. METHODS The data were collected using semi-structured interviews based on the critical incident technique. The sample consisted of women with early rheumatic arthritis (n = 34), and the results were compared with data reported in a previous study on men (n = 25) from the same cohort. The patient-described participation restrictions due to RA were firstly linked to the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The different strategies used were then categorized. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden. RESULTS The study found that women used four situation-specific strategies: adjustment, avoidance, interaction and acceptance. The same strategies had been found previously in interviews with men with RA. Women and men used these strategies to a similar extent in the ICF domains of mobility; major life arenas; domestic life; interpersonal interactions and relationships; and community, social and civic life. However, some differences were found, relating to the reported activities in self-care and domestic life, in which women reported using strategies to a greater extent than men. CONCLUSIONS Women and men used four types of situation-specific strategies in managing RA; adjustment, avoidance, interaction and acceptance. These situation-specific strategies provide useful knowledge, in terms of multidisciplinary rehabilitation and for patients' significant others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnel Östlund
- Division of Social Work, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Mathilda Björk
- Department of Rheumatology and Department of Social and Welfare studies, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Thyberg
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Valtersson
- Departments of Activity and Health and Medical & Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Annette Sverker
- Departments of Activity and Health and Medical & Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Briones-Vozmediano E. The social construction of fibromyalgia as a health problem from the perspective of policies, professionals, and patients. Glob Health Action 2017; 10:1275191. [PMID: 28333581 PMCID: PMC5405378 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1275191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia is a painful chronic disease, suffered mainly by women, that consolidates a number of symptoms and skeletal muscle issues which are little understood. OBJECTIVES To explore the social construction of FM from the perspective of health policies, patients, and health professionals involved in their medical attention. METHODS I) Policy review of national and regional health plans in a national and international context, the clinical protocols for fibromyalgia in Spain, and the Parliamentary initials in the European and Spanish context; and ii) Qualitative study involving 28 personal interviews with 16 fibromyalgia patients and 12 interviews with health care professionals in Spain. RESULTS The findings show that in Spain, the fact that fibromyalgia lacks recognition still remains: in policies, in the clinical and professional fields, and in the patients' social circle. International health policy has not yet taken steps to reflect the emergence of this recently diagnosed disease. The care for patients suffering from fibromyalgia, who are mainly women, leads to frustration among the healthcare professionals and desperation among the patients themselves, as a resolutive treatment for the disease is not existing. Patients show resistance at assuming the sick role. They want to carry on undertaking their daily activities, both in the public sphere and in the private one. Roles involving the gendered division of labour were found to follow a rigid pattern, both prior to and subsequent to the disease, as the causes that led to frustration for men or women differ according to activities that are socially assigned to them. In practice, FM is conceived exclusively as a women's health problem, which may result in a gender-biased patient healthcare attention. CONCLUSION Political, professional and individual spheres have an influence on how this disease is constructed on a social level: as one of the "invisible women's diseases". It is recommended to resolve the disease's lack of recognition by i) implementing specific policies for FM and ii) increasing the training and sensitization of health providers about the severity of FM and the existence of gender prejudices biasing the attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Briones-Vozmediano
- Department and Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Public Health Research Group of the University of Alicante, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Briones-Vozmediano E. The social construction of fibromyalgia as a health problem from the perspective of policies, professionals, and patients. Glob Health Action 2016; 9:31967. [PMID: 27989274 PMCID: PMC5165055 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v9.31967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is a review of the PhD thesis written by Erica Briones-Vozmediano, entitled, 'The social construction of fibromyalgia as a health problem from the perspective of policies, professionals, and patients'. The findings show that in Spain, the fact that fibromyalgia (FM) lacks recognition still remains: in policies, in the clinical and professional fields, and in the patients' social circle. These three spheres have an influence on how this disease is constructed on a social level. International health policy has not yet taken steps to reflect the emergence of this recently diagnosed disease. The care for patients suffering from FM, who are mainly women, leads to frustration among the healthcare professionals and desperation among the patients themselves, as a resolutive treatment for the disease is not existing. Patients show resistance at assuming the sick role. They want to carry on undertaking their daily activities, both in the public sphere and in the private one. Roles involving the gendered division of labour were found to follow a rigid pattern, both prior to and subsequent to the disease, as the causes that led to frustration for men or women differ according to activities that are socially assigned to them. In practice, FM is conceived exclusively as a women's health problem, which may result in a gender-biased patient healthcare attention. It is recommended that the implementation of specific policies for FM which could resolve this evident shortcoming should take place. To draw attention on a social level to certain illnesses considered to be attributed to women, such as FM, is of utmost importance, in order to allow the patients to be socially recognised as suffering a real and disabling disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Briones-Vozmediano
- Department and Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Public Health Research Group of the University of Alicante, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain;
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Hellström I, Eriksson H, Sandberg J. Chores and sense of self: gendered understandings of voices of older married women with dementia. Int J Older People Nurs 2014; 10:127-35. [PMID: 25400172 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marital relationships in dementia are forged between the person with dementia and the care partner, and such relationships have an impact on the way in which dementia is understood and experienced. The everyday work that underpins the relationship is usually divided between spouses and based on traditional divisions of household chores. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim was to describe how older women with dementia express the importance of their homes and their chores in everyday life. METHODS Seven women with dementia, who were cohabiting with their husbands, were interviewed on up to five occasions at home during a five-to-six-year period on the following themes: the home, their dementia illness, everyday life, their relationships with their husbands and dignity and autonomy. RESULTS The qualitative analysis showed three different patterns in the women's narratives: keeping the core of the self through the home, keeping the self through polarising division of labour and keeping the self through (re-) negotiations of responsibilities. The feeling of one's home and home-related chores is an essential way to express who you are. CONCLUSION The women stated that household chores are the centre of their lives despite their dementia disease and that the home, even though it shrinks, still makes the women see themselves as an important person, namely the 'competent wife'. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurses need to be aware that 'doing gender' may be a means of preserving personhood as well as of sustaining couplehood in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Hellström
- Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden; Center for Dementia Research, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
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Maroto-Navarro G, Pastor-Moreno G, Ocaña-Riola R, Benítez-Hidalgo V, García-Calvente MDM, Gutiérrez-Cuadra MDP, Gijón-Sánchez MT, del Río-Lozano M, Marcos-Marcos J. Male and female involvement in the birth and child-rearing process. J Clin Nurs 2013; 22:3071-83. [PMID: 24007478 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To know the male involvement during pregnancy and childbirth, with special attention to their participation in public services of perinatal health and the impact that this participation has on their subsequent involvement in child-rearing, to compare the male and female involvement in child-rearing and to identify the factors associated with a greater male involvement. BACKGROUND Most of the research on male involvement in birth and child-rearing comes from Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian countries. These studies show a lower involvement of men in relation to women, even in countries with instruments to promote gender shared responsibility. The Spanish Ministry of Health has developed strategies to improve the male involvement in the public services of perinatal health to advance in gender equality. This is a suitable context to contribute to the lack of information about fatherhood and the gender inequalities in the Spanish context. DESIGN Transversal design. METHODS A questionnaire was administered to 150 fathers and 157 mothers residing in Granada, with at least one biological child aged 2 months to 3 years. RESULTS A minority of the men attended the childbirth education whereas most of them attended pregnancy check-ups and were present at birth. Women spent more time with their children and took charge of tasks of child-rearing to a larger extent. The profile of an involved father is a man with a higher level of education, not married, his partner has a full-time employment, born in Spain and attended to the childbirth education classes. CONCLUSION This study shows gender inequalities in the reproductive field beyond the biological conditions. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The challenge of the health services is to promote social change and identify areas for improvement to include the father figure in public services of perinatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia Maroto-Navarro
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERSP), Madrid, Spain
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