251
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Cai G, Qiao S, Chen K. Suppression of miR-221 inhibits glioma cells proliferation and invasion via targeting SEMA3B. Biol Res 2015. [PMID: 26197878 PMCID: PMC4511551 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas are the most common primary tumors in the central nervous system. Due to complicated signaling pathways involved in glioma progression, effective targets for treatment and biomarkers for prognosis prediction are still scant. Results In this study we revealed that a new microRNA (miR), the miR-221, was highly expressed in the glioma cells, and suppression of miR-221 resulted in decreased cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion in glioma cells. Mechanistic experiments validated that miR-221 participates in regulating glioma cells proliferation and invasion via suppression of a direct target gene, the Semaphorin 3B (SEMA3B). The rescue experiment with miR-221 and SEMA3B both knockdown results in significant reversion of miR-221 induced phenotypes. Conclusion Taken together, our findings highlight an unappreciated role for miR-221 and SEMA3B in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Cai
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong'an Rd, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Shanshan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong'an Rd, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong'an Rd, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050, China.
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252
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer, consisting predominantly of ovarian carcinoma, is the eighth most common cancer in women and the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Efforts focus on identifying biomarkers which may aid in early diagnosis and reduce mortality, as well as on characterizing therapeutic targets with the aim of circumventing chemoresistance and prolonging survival at advanced-stage disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, and have been found to play an important role in ovarian carcinoma. Recent research has identified multiple miRNAs involved in the biology and progression of the disease, and supports a role for miRNAs as potential biomarkers, predictive markers and prognostic factors. Many of the studies published to date nevertheless suffer from critical weaknesses which affect data quality and reproducibility, including the comparison of normal ovaries to tumor tissue without compensation for the highly discrepant target cell fraction in these two specimen types and the inclusion of carcinomas of different histotypes, non-epithelial tumors or tumors of non-specified histology. These shortcomings highlight the critical role of pathologists as part of the team in the setting of such research. This review summarizes current knowledge in this area and discusses the potential clinical relevance of miRNAs in ovarian carcinoma, with focus on studies of clinical specimens in which tissue selection has been deemed adequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina Katz
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Claes G Tropé
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Reuven Reich
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; David R. Bloom Center for Pharmacy and the Adolf and Klara Brettler Center for Research in Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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253
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Yizhak K, Chaneton B, Gottlieb E, Ruppin E. Modeling cancer metabolism on a genome scale. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:817. [PMID: 26130389 PMCID: PMC4501850 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have fundamentally altered cellular metabolism that is associated with their tumorigenicity and malignancy. In addition to the widely studied Warburg effect, several new key metabolic alterations in cancer have been established over the last decade, leading to the recognition that altered tumor metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Deciphering the full scope and functional implications of the dysregulated metabolism in cancer requires both the advancement of a variety of omics measurements and the advancement of computational approaches for the analysis and contextualization of the accumulated data. Encouragingly, while the metabolic network is highly interconnected and complex, it is at the same time probably the best characterized cellular network. Following, this review discusses the challenges that genome-scale modeling of cancer metabolism has been facing. We survey several recent studies demonstrating the first strides that have been done, testifying to the value of this approach in portraying a network-level view of the cancer metabolism and in identifying novel drug targets and biomarkers. Finally, we outline a few new steps that may further advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Yizhak
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Eytan Ruppin
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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254
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YANG CHEN, HE XIAOJUAN, LIU XIAOMIN, TANG ZHENG, LIANG XIAOQIU. OSTP as a novel peptide specifically targeting human ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:972-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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255
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Sun Y, Guo F, Bagnoli M, Xue FX, Sun BC, Shmulevich I, Mezzanzanica D, Chen KX, Sood AK, Yang D, Zhang W. Key nodes of a microRNA network associated with the integrated mesenchymal subtype of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:28-40. [PMID: 25556616 PMCID: PMC4302087 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.014.10284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer mortality. One of the initiating events of cancer metastasis of epithelial tumors is epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), during which cells dedifferentiate from a relatively rigid cell structure/morphology to a flexible and changeable structure/morphology often associated with mesenchymal cells. The presence of EMT in human epithelial tumors is reflected by the increased expression of genes and levels of proteins that are preferentially present in mesenchymal cells. The combined presence of these genes forms the basis of mesenchymal gene signatures, which are the foundation for classifying a mesenchymal subtype of tumors. Indeed, tumor classification schemes that use clustering analysis of large genomic characterizations, like The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), have defined mesenchymal subtype in a number of cancer types, such as high-grade serous ovarian cancer and glioblastoma. However, recent analyses have shown that gene expression-based classifications of mesenchymal subtypes often do not associate with poor survival. This “paradox” can be ameliorated using integrated analysis that combines multiple data types. We recently found that integrating mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) data revealed an integrated mesenchymal subtype that is consistently associated with poor survival in multiple cohorts of patients with serous ovarian cancer. This network consists of 8 major miRNAs and 214 mRNAs. Among the 8 miRNAs, 4 are known to be regulators of EMT. This review provides a summary of these 8 miRNAs, which were associated with the integrated mesenchymal subtype of serous ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Departments of Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P. R. China. ,
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256
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Song R, Catchpoole DR, Kennedy PJ, Li J. Identification of lung cancer miRNA-miRNA co-regulation networks through a progressive data refining approach. J Theor Biol 2015; 380:271-9. [PMID: 26026830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Co-regulations of miRNAs have been much less studied than the research on regulations between miRNAs and their target genes, although these two problems are equally important for understanding the entire mechanisms of complex post-transcriptional regulations. The difficulty to construct a miRNA-miRNA co-regulation network lies in how to determine reliable miRNA pairs from various resources of data related to the same disease such as expression levels, gene ontology (GO) databases, and protein-protein interactions. Here we take a novel integrative approach to the discovery of miRNA-miRNA co-regulation networks. This approach can progressively refine the various types of data and the computational analysis results. Applied to three lung cancer miRNA expression data sets of different subtypes, our method has identified a miRNA-miRNA co-regulation network and co-regulating functional modules common to lung cancer. An example of these functional modules consists of genes SMAD2, ACVR1B, ACVR2A and ACVR2B. This module is synergistically regulated by let-7a/b/c/f, is enriched in the same GO category, and has a close proximity in the protein interaction network. We also find that the co-regulation network is scale free and that lung cancer related miRNAs have more synergism in the network. According to our literature survey and database validation, many of these results are biologically meaningful for understanding the mechanism of the complex post-transcriptional regulations in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhua Song
- Advanced Analytics Institute, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway New South Wales 2007, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Daniel R Catchpoole
- The Tumour Bank, Children׳s Cancer Research Unit, The Children׳s Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead New South Wales 2145, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Paul J Kennedy
- Advanced Analytics Institute, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway New South Wales 2007, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Quantum Computation & Intelligent Systems, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway New South Wales 2007, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jinyan Li
- Advanced Analytics Institute, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway New South Wales 2007, Sydney, Australia.
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257
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Liu G, Yang D, Rupaimoole R, Pecot CV, Sun Y, Mangala LS, Li X, Ji P, Cogdell D, Hu L, Wang Y, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Shmulevich I, De Cecco L, Chen K, Mezzanzanica D, Xue F, Sood AK, Zhang W. Augmentation of response to chemotherapy by microRNA-506 through regulation of RAD51 in serous ovarian cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv108. [PMID: 25995442 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance is a major challenge in cancer treatment. miR-506 is a potent inhibitor of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is also associated with chemoresistance. We characterized the role of miR-506 in chemotherapy response in high-grade serous ovarian cancers. METHODS We used Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods to analyze the relationship between miR-506 and progression-free and overall survival in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n = 468) and Bagnoli (n = 130) datasets, in vitro experiments to study whether miR-506 is associated with homologous recombination, and response to chemotherapy agents. We used an orthotopic ovarian cancer mouse model (n = 10 per group) to test the effect of miR-506 on cisplatin and PARP inhibitor sensitivity. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS MiR-506 was associated with better response to therapy and longer progression-free and overall survival in two independent epithelial ovarian cancer patient cohorts (PFS: high vs low miR-506 expression; Bagnoli: hazard ratio [HR] = 3.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.90 to 4.70, P < .0001; TCGA: HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.00 to 2.25, P = 0.04). MiR-506 sensitized cells to DNA damage through directly targeting the double-strand DNA damage repair gene RAD51. Systemic delivery of miR-506 in 8-12 week old female athymic nude mice statistically significantly augmented the cisplatin and olaparib response (mean tumor weight ± SD, control miRNA plus cisplatin vs miR-506 plus cisplatin: 0.36±0.05g vs 0.07±0.02g, P < .001; control miRNA plus olaparib vs miR-506 plus olaparib: 0.32±0.13g vs 0.05±0.02g, P = .045, respectively), thus recapitulating the clinical observation. CONCLUSIONS MiR-506 is a robust clinical marker for chemotherapy response and survival in serous ovarian cancers and has important therapeutic value in sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Liu
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Da Yang
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Rajesha Rupaimoole
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Chad V Pecot
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Yan Sun
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Lingegowda S Mangala
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Xia Li
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Ping Ji
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - David Cogdell
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Limei Hu
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Yingmei Wang
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Ilya Shmulevich
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Loris De Cecco
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Kexin Chen
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Fengxia Xue
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Anil K Sood
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM)
| | - Wei Zhang
- : Departments of Pathology (GL, DY, YS, XL, PJ, DC, LH, WZ), Experimental Therapeutics (CRA, GLB), and Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine (RR, LSM, AKS), Division of Cancer Medicine (CVP), Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA (RR, CVP, LSM, CRA, GLB, AKS, WZ), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (GL, YW, FX); Department of Pathology (YS) and Epidemiology (KC), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China (XL); Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (IS); Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (LDC, DM).
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258
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Cobb LP, Gaillard S, Wang Y, Shih IM, Secord AA. Adenocarcinoma of Mullerian origin: review of pathogenesis, molecular biology, and emerging treatment paradigms. GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2015; 2:1. [PMID: 27231561 PMCID: PMC4880836 DOI: 10.1186/s40661-015-0008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, epithelial ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancers have been viewed as separate entities with disparate origins, pathogenesis, clinical features, and outcomes. Additionally, previous classification systems for ovarian cancer have proposed two primary histologic groups that encompass the standard histologic subtypes. Recent data suggest that these groupings no longer accurately reflect our knowledge surrounding these cancers. In this review, we propose that epithelial ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal carcinomas represent a spectrum of disease that originates in the Mullerian compartment. We will discuss the incidence, classification, origin, molecular determinants, and pathologic analysis of these cancers that support the conclusion they should be collectively referred to as adenocarcinomas of Mullerian origin. As our understanding of the molecular and pathologic profiling of adenocarcinomas of Mullerian origin advances, we anticipate treatment paradigms will shift towards genomic driven therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Patterson Cobb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Stephanie Gaillard
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Yihong Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Angeles Alvarez Secord
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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259
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Kling T, Johansson P, Sanchez J, Marinescu VD, Jörnsten R, Nelander S. Efficient exploration of pan-cancer networks by generalized covariance selection and interactive web content. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:e98. [PMID: 25953855 PMCID: PMC4551906 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Statistical network modeling techniques are increasingly important tools to analyze cancer genomics data. However, current tools and resources are not designed to work across multiple diagnoses and technical platforms, thus limiting their applicability to comprehensive pan-cancer datasets such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). To address this, we describe a new data driven modeling method, based on generalized Sparse Inverse Covariance Selection (SICS). The method integrates genetic, epigenetic and transcriptional data from multiple cancers, to define links that are present in multiple cancers, a subset of cancers, or a single cancer. It is shown to be statistically robust and effective at detecting direct pathway links in data from TCGA. To facilitate interpretation of the results, we introduce a publicly accessible tool (cancerlandscapes.org), in which the derived networks are explored as interactive web content, linked to several pathway and pharmacological databases. To evaluate the performance of the method, we constructed a model for eight TCGA cancers, using data from 3900 patients. The model rediscovered known mechanisms and contained interesting predictions. Possible applications include prediction of regulatory relationships, comparison of network modules across multiple forms of cancer and identification of drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresia Kling
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center and Dept of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP) and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - José Sanchez
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Voichita D Marinescu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP) and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Jörnsten
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP) and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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260
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Dong X, Yambartsev A, Ramsey SA, Thomas LD, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A. Reverse enGENEering of Regulatory Networks from Big Data: A Roadmap for Biologists. Bioinform Biol Insights 2015; 9:61-74. [PMID: 25983554 PMCID: PMC4415676 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Omics technologies enable unbiased investigation of biological systems through massively parallel sequence acquisition or molecular measurements, bringing the life sciences into the era of Big Data. A central challenge posed by such omics datasets is how to transform these data into biological knowledge, for example, how to use these data to answer questions such as: Which functional pathways are involved in cell differentiation? Which genes should we target to stop cancer? Network analysis is a powerful and general approach to solve this problem consisting of two fundamental stages, network reconstruction, and network interrogation. Here we provide an overview of network analysis including a step-by-step guide on how to perform and use this approach to investigate a biological question. In this guide, we also include the software packages that we and others employ for each of the steps of a network analysis workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Anatoly Yambartsev
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen A Ramsey
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. ; College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lina D Thomas
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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261
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Sankaranarayanan P, Schomay TE, Aiello KA, Alter O. Tensor GSVD of patient- and platform-matched tumor and normal DNA copy-number profiles uncovers chromosome arm-wide patterns of tumor-exclusive platform-consistent alterations encoding for cell transformation and predicting ovarian cancer survival. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121396. [PMID: 25875127 PMCID: PMC4398562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of large-scale high-dimensional datasets recording different aspects of a single disease is growing, accompanied by a need for frameworks that can create one coherent model from multiple tensors of matched columns, e.g., patients and platforms, but independent rows, e.g., probes. We define and prove the mathematical properties of a novel tensor generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD), which can simultaneously find the similarities and dissimilarities, i.e., patterns of varying relative significance, between any two such tensors. We demonstrate the tensor GSVD in comparative modeling of patient- and platform-matched but probe-independent ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV) tumor, mostly high-grade, and normal DNA copy-number profiles, across each chromosome arm, and combination of two arms, separately. The modeling uncovers previously unrecognized patterns of tumor-exclusive platform-consistent co-occurring copy-number alterations (CNAs). We find, first, and validate that each of the patterns across only 7p and Xq, and the combination of 6p+12p, is correlated with a patient’s prognosis, is independent of the tumor’s stage, the best predictor of OV survival to date, and together with stage makes a better predictor than stage alone. Second, these patterns include most known OV-associated CNAs that map to these chromosome arms, as well as several previously unreported, yet frequent focal CNAs. Third, differential mRNA, microRNA, and protein expression consistently map to the DNA CNAs. A coherent picture emerges for each pattern, suggesting roles for the CNAs in OV pathogenesis and personalized therapy. In 6p+12p, deletion of the p21-encoding CDKN1A and p38-encoding MAPK14 and amplification of RAD51AP1 and KRAS encode for human cell transformation, and are correlated with a cell’s immortality, and a patient’s shorter survival time. In 7p, RPA3 deletion and POLD2 amplification are correlated with DNA stability, and a longer survival. In Xq, PABPC5 deletion and BCAP31 amplification are correlated with a cellular immune response, and a longer survival.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/diagnosis
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
- Models, Theoretical
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Sankaranarayanan
- Scientific Computing and Imaging (SCI) Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Theodore E. Schomay
- Scientific Computing and Imaging (SCI) Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Aiello
- Scientific Computing and Imaging (SCI) Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Orly Alter
- Scientific Computing and Imaging (SCI) Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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262
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miR-186 regulation of Twist1 and ovarian cancer sensitivity to cisplatin. Oncogene 2015; 35:323-32. [PMID: 25867064 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has an established role in promoting tumor progression and the acquisition of therapeutic resistance. Here, the EMT phenotype was detected in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines, and correlated with decreased miR-186 expression, increased Twist1 expression, chemoresistance and poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. Introducing miR-186 into EOC cells led to a reduction in twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (Twist1) expression along with morphological, functional and molecular changes consistent with mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, G1 cell-cycle arrest and enhanced cell apoptosis, which consequently rendered the cells more sensitive to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, luciferase reporter and rescue assay results showed that the EMT and drug resistance reversal in response to miR-186 was mediated by Twist1. Collectively, these findings implicate miR-186 as an attractive candidate for overcoming chemoresistance in ovarian cancer therapy.
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263
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Miow QH, Tan TZ, Ye J, Lau JA, Yokomizo T, Thiery JP, Mori S. Epithelial-mesenchymal status renders differential responses to cisplatin in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2015. [PMID: 24858042 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.136] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance to platinums, such as cisplatin, is of critical concern in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Recent evidence has linked epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a contributing mechanism. The current study explored the connection between cellular responses to cisplatin and EMT in ovarian cancer. Expression microarrays were utilized to estimate the EMT status as a binary phenotype, and the transcriptional responses of 46 ovarian cancer cell lines to cisplatin were measured at dosages equivalent to 50% growth inhibition. Phenotypic responses to cisplatin were quantified with respect to cell number, proliferation rate and apoptosis, and then compared with the epithelial or mesenchymal status. Ovarian cancer cell lines with an epithelial status exhibited higher resistance to cisplatin treatment in the MTS assay than those with a mesenchymal status. Pathway analyses revealed the induction of G1/S- and S-phase genes (P=0.001) and the activation of multiple NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) downstream genes (P=0.0016) by cisplatin selectively in epithelial-like cell lines. BrdU incorporation and Caspase-3/7 release assays confirmed impaired apoptosis in epithelial-like ovarian cancer cells. In clinical samples, we observed resistance to single platinum treatment and the selective activation of the NF-κB pathway by platinum in ovarian cancers with an epithelial status. Overall, our results suggest that, in epithelial-like ovarian cancer cells, NF-κB activation by cisplatin may lead to defective apoptosis, preferential proliferation arrest and a consequential decreased sensitivity to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q H Miow
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore [2] NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Z Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Ye
- Dean's Office, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J A Lau
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Yokomizo
- Division of Cancer Genomics, Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J-P Thiery
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore [2] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore [3] Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Mori
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore [2] Division of Cancer Genomics, Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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264
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MicroRNA-506 inhibits gastric cancer proliferation and invasion by directly targeting Yap1. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6823-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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265
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Donnenberg VS, Donnenberg AD. Stem cell state and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition: Implications for cancer therapy. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 55:603-19. [PMID: 25708160 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell paradigm, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its converse, the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, have reached convergence. Implicit in this understanding is the notion that cancer cells can change state, and with such change come bidirectional alterations in motility, proliferative activity, and drug resistance. As such, tumors present a moving target for antineoplastic therapy. This article will review the evolving adult stem cell paradigm and how changes in our understanding of the bidirectional nature of cancer cell differentiation may affect the selection and timing of antineoplastic therapy. The goal is to determine how to best administer therapies potentially targeted against the cancer stem cell state in the context of established treatment regimens, and to evaluate long-term effects beyond tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Donnenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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266
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Xie L, Zhang Z, Tan Z, He R, Zeng X, Xie Y, Li S, Tang G, Tang H, He X. MicroRNA-124 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis by directly repressing EZH2 in gastric cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 392:153-9. [PMID: 24658854 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-124 (miR-124), a pivotal member of the p53 network, was found to be down-regulated in multiple types of tumors and further reported as tumor suppressor microRNA. In this study, we found that miR-124 was down-regulated in gastric cancer cell lines and specimens. Restoration of miR-124 expression inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of gastric cancer cells. EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2), which has been shown to be an important transcription factor involved in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, was here confirmed to be a direct target gene of miR-124. On the other hand, silencing EZH2 also inhibits cell proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, the treatment combining miR-124 with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) significantly showed more efficient anti-tumor effects than single treatment of miR-124 or 5-FU, and over-expression of miR-124 suppresses the tumor growth in vivo. Our study indicate that miR-124 can suppress gastric cancer cell growth by directly targeting the EZH2 gene and sensitize the treatment effect of 5-FU. Therefore, miR-124 shows tumor-suppressive activity and may be a new and useful approach of gastric cancer therapy.
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267
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Sakimura S, Sugimachi K, Kurashige J, Ueda M, Hirata H, Nambara S, Komatsu H, Saito T, Takano Y, Uchi R, Sakimura E, Shinden Y, Iguchi T, Eguchi H, Oba Y, Hoka S, Mimori K. The miR-506-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition is Involved in Poor Prognosis for Patients with Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22 Suppl 3:S1436-43. [PMID: 25707493 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs have roles in the regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Findings have shown that miR-506 inhibits the expression of SNAI2 and that low expression of miR-506 is associated with poor prognoses in ovarian and breast cancers. This study investigated the role of miR-506 in survival and the EMT in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS In this study, miR-506 and SNAI2 mRNA levels were measured in 141 cases of gastric cancer by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the protein expressions of SNAI2 and E-cadherin in 39 cases were validated by immunohistochemical analysis. Next, the associations between their expression levels and clinicopathologic factors were evaluated. In addition, cell proliferation, migration, and luciferase activity of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of SNAI2 were analyzed using pre-miR-506 precursor in two human gastric cancer cell lines. RESULTS Low expression of miR-506 was significantly correlated with poor overall survival in both the univariate analysis (P = 0.016) and the multivariate analysis (P < 0.05). Low miR-506 expression was significantly correlated with high SNAI2 expression (P = 0.009) and poorly differentiated type (P = 0.015). In vitro, miR-506 suppressed SNAI2 expression by binding to its 3'UTR, resulting in increased expression of E-cadherin (P < 0.05), verified by immunohistochemical analysis. Pre-miR-506 transfected cells showed significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration (P < 0.05) compared with the control cells. CONCLUSIONS The EMT was directly suppressed by miR-506, and its low expression was an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients. The data indicated that miR-506 may act as a tumor suppressor and could be a novel therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Sakimura
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keishi Sugimachi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Junji Kurashige
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Masami Ueda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Hidenari Hirata
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Sho Nambara
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Hisateru Komatsu
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saito
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Yuki Takano
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Uchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Etsuko Sakimura
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shinden
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Yugo Oba
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sumio Hoka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan.
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268
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Sun Y, Mezzanzanica D, Zhang W. MiR-506: A Multitasker in Suppression of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. RNA & DISEASE 2015; 1:e447. [PMID: 26029740 DOI: 10.14800/rd.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs emerge as important regulators of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The Best known EMT regulatory miRNAs are targeting the transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin (E-cad). We identified miR-506 as a key EMT inhibitor through directly targeting the E-cad transcriptional repressor, SNAI2. Our recent studies showed that miR-506 simultaneously suppresses vimentin and N-cad. Thus, miR-506 possesses a multitasking property in the suppression of EMT and metastasis and thus may represent a promising tool in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Departments of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionaledei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Wei Zhang
- Departments of Pathology,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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269
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Shi Y, Wang J, Xin Z, Duan Z, Wang G, Li F. Transcription factors and microRNA-co-regulated genes in gastric cancer invasion in ex vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122882. [PMID: 25860484 PMCID: PMC4393113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant miRNA expression abnormally modulates gene expression in cells and can contribute to tumorigenesis in humans. This study identified functionally relevant differentially expressed genes using the transcription factors and miRNA-co-regulated network analysis for gastric cancer. The TF-miRNA co-regulatory network was constructed based on data obtained from cDNA microarray and miRNA expression profiling of gastric cancer tissues. The network along with their co-regulated genes was analyzed using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and Transcriptional Regulatory Element Database (TRED). We found eighteen (17 up-regulated and 1 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes that were co-regulated by transcription factors and miRNAs. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these genes were part of the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and focal adhesion signaling pathways. In addition, qRT- PCR and Western blot data showed an increase in COL1A1 and decrease in NCAM1 mRNA and protein levels in gastric cancer tissues. Thus, these data provided the first evidence to illustrate that altered gene network was associated with gastric cancer invasion. Further study with a large sample size and more functional experiments is needed to confirm these data and contribute to diagnostic and treatment strategies for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jihan Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhuoyuan Xin
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zipeng Duan
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, China, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (GQW); (FL)
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, China, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (GQW); (FL)
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270
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Role of microRNAs in cancers of the female reproductive tract: insights from recent clinical and experimental discovery studies. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 128:153-80. [PMID: 25294164 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that represent the top of the pyramid of many tumorigenesis cascade pathways as they have the ability to affect multiple, intricate, and still undiscovered downstream targets. Understanding how miRNA molecules serve as master regulators in these important networks involved in cancer initiation and progression open up significant innovative areas for therapy and diagnosis that have been sadly lacking for deadly female reproductive tract cancers. This review will highlight the recent advances in the field of miRNAs in epithelial ovarian cancer, endometrioid endometrial cancer and squamous-cell cervical carcinoma focusing on studies associated with actual clinical information in humans. Importantly, recent miRNA profiling studies have included well-characterized clinical specimens of female reproductive tract cancers, allowing for studies correlating miRNA expression with clinical outcomes. This review will summarize the current thoughts on the role of miRNA processing in unique miRNA species present in these cancers. In addition, this review will focus on current data regarding miRNA molecules as unique biomarkers associated with clinically significant outcomes such as overall survival and chemotherapy resistance. We will also discuss why specific miRNA molecules are not recapitulated across multiple studies of the same cancer type. Although the mechanistic contributions of miRNA molecules to these clinical phenomena have been confirmed using in vitro and pre-clinical mouse model systems, these studies are truly only the beginning of our understanding of the roles miRNAs play in cancers of the female reproductive tract. This review will also highlight useful areas for future research regarding miRNAs as therapeutic targets in cancers of the female reproductive tract.
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271
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PRRX1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gastric cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 32:393. [PMID: 25428393 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma cells hijack the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) for tumor dissemination. Paired-related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) has been identified as a new EMT inducer. However, the function of PRRX1 in gastric cancer has not been elucidated. In this study, we observed that PRRX1 expression levels were upregulated and positively correlated with metastasis and EMT markers in human gastric cancer specimens. PRRX1 overexpression had distinct effects on the cell morphology, proliferation, migration and invasion of BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in xenografts. PRRX1 overexpression resulted in the regulation of the EMT molecular markers N-cadherin, E-cadherin and vimentin as well as the levels of intranuclear β-catenin and the Wnt/β-catenin target c-Myc. Furthermore, the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by XAV939 offset the effects of PRRX1 overexpression. These findings demonstrate that PRRX1 promotes EMT in gastric cancer cells through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and that PRRX1 upregulation is closely correlated with gastric cancer metastasis.
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272
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Sun Y, Hu L, Zheng H, Bagnoli M, Guo Y, Rupaimoole R, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Ji P, Chen K, Sood AK, Mezzanzanica D, Liu J, Sun B, Zhang W. MiR-506 inhibits multiple targets in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition network and is associated with good prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Pathol 2014; 235:25-36. [PMID: 25230372 DOI: 10.1002/path.4443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extensive investigations have shown that miRNAs are important regulators of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mainly targeting the transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin (E-cad). Less is known about the post-transcriptional regulation of vimentin or N-cadherin (N-cad) in EMT. Our previous study identified miR-506 as a key EMT inhibitor through directly targeting the E-cad transcriptional repressor SNAI2. In this study, we provide evidence that miR-506 simultaneously suppresses vimentin and N-cad. The knockdown of vimentin using siRNA reversed EMT, suppressed cell migration and invasion, and increased E-cad expression on the cell membrane in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. In a set of tissue microarrays that included 204 EOCs of all major subtypes (eg serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous), miR-506 was positively correlated with E-cad and negatively correlated with vimentin and N-cad in all subtypes of EOC. A high level of miR-506 was positively associated with early FIGO stage and longer survival in EOC. Introduction of miR-506, mediated by nanoparticle delivery, in EOC orthotopic mouse models resulted in decreased vimentin, N-cad, and SNAI2 expression and increased E-cad expression; it also suppressed the dissemination of EOC cells. Thus, miR-506 represents a new class of miRNA that regulates both E-cad and vimentin/N-cad in the suppression of EMT and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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273
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Ananthanarayanan M, Banales JM, Guerra MT, Spirli C, Munoz-Garrido P, Mitchell-Richards K, Tafur D, Saez E, Nathanson MH. Post-translational regulation of the type III inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor by miRNA-506. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:184-96. [PMID: 25378392 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.587030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The type III isoform of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R3) is apically localized and triggers Ca(2+) waves and secretion in a number of polarized epithelia. However, nothing is known about epigenetic regulation of this InsP3R isoform. We investigated miRNA regulation of InsP3R3 in primary bile duct epithelia (cholangiocytes) and in the H69 cholangiocyte cell line, because the role of InsP3R3 in cholangiocyte Ca(2+) signaling and secretion is well established and because loss of InsP3R3 from cholangiocytes is responsible for the impairment in bile secretion that occurs in a number of liver diseases. Analysis of the 3'-UTR of human InsP3R3 mRNA revealed two highly conserved binding sites for miR-506. Transfection of miR-506 mimics into cell lines expressing InsP3R3-3'UTR-luciferase led to decreased reporter activity, whereas co-transfection with miR-506 inhibitors led to enhanced activity. Reporter activity was abrogated in isolated mutant proximal or distal miR-506 constructs in miR-506-transfected HEK293 cells. InsP3R3 protein levels were decreased by miR-506 mimics and increased by inhibitors, and InsP3R3 expression was markedly decreased in H69 cells stably transfected with miR-506 relative to control cells. miR-506-H69 cells exhibited a fibrotic signature. In situ hybridization revealed elevated miR-506 expression in vivo in human-diseased cholangiocytes. Histamine-induced, InsP3-mediated Ca(2+) signals were decreased by 50% in stable miR-506 cells compared with controls. Finally, InsP3R3-mediated fluid secretion was significantly decreased in isolated bile duct units transfected with miR-506, relative to control IBDU. Together, these data identify miR-506 as a regulator of InsP3R3 expression and InsP3R3-mediated Ca(2+) signaling and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesus M Banales
- the Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd, IKERBASQUE, AECC, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain, and the Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Ciberehd, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Patricia Munoz-Garrido
- the Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd, IKERBASQUE, AECC, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain, and
| | - Kisha Mitchell-Richards
- Pathology, Section of Digestive Diseases and the Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - Elena Saez
- the Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Ciberehd, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
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274
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Godlewski J, Krichevsky AM, Johnson MD, Chiocca EA, Bronisz A. Belonging to a network--microRNAs, extracellular vesicles, and the glioblastoma microenvironment. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:652-62. [PMID: 25301812 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and its distinct pathophysiology belong to a unique brain microenvironment and its cellular interactions. Despite extensive evidence of a role for microRNAs in GBM cells, little is known about microRNA-dependent communication between different cellular compartments of the microenvironment that may contribute to the tumor phenotype. While the majority of microRNAs are found intracellularly, a significant number of microRNAs have been observed outside of cells, often encapsulated in secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). The function of these circulating/secreted microRNAs has not been explored in the context of the brain tumor microenvironment. Establishing how microRNAs are involved in the regulation of oncogenic signaling networks between tumor cells and stroma is likely to add a needed additional layer of complexity to the tumor network, consisting of intercellular communication. More importantly, microRNA/EV signaling may provide an additional therapeutic target for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Godlewski
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.G., M.D.J., E.A.C., A.B.); Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.K)
| | - Anna M Krichevsky
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.G., M.D.J., E.A.C., A.B.); Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.K)
| | - Mark D Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.G., M.D.J., E.A.C., A.B.); Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.K)
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.G., M.D.J., E.A.C., A.B.); Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.K)
| | - Agnieszka Bronisz
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.G., M.D.J., E.A.C., A.B.); Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.K)
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275
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Wen KC, Sung PL, Yen MS, Chuang CM, Liou WS, Wang PH. MicroRNAs regulate several functions of normal tissues and malignancies. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 52:465-9. [PMID: 24411027 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are a cluster of naturally occurring small non-coding RNA molecules of 19-24 nucleotides in length. miRs control gene expression post-transcriptionally by binding to a specific site at the 3'-UTR of target mRNA, which results in mRNA cleavage and translation repression. Nearly 1000 miRs in the human genome have been identified, and it is believed that these miRs contribute to at least 60% of the human transcriptome. Recent research has shown that miRs are emerging as important regulators of cellular differentiation and dedifferentiation. In addition, dysregulation of miR expression may play a fundamental role in the onset, progression and dissemination of cancers. In this review, we focus on some paradigms of miR involvement in tumorigenesis, such as ovarian cancer, and also discuss the relationship between miRs and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chang Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Ling Sung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyen Yen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Mu Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shiung Liou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Immunology Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Infection and Immunity Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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276
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Zhu X, Li Y, Xie C, Yin X, Liu Y, Cao Y, Fang Y, Lin X, Xu Y, Xu W, Shen H, Wen J. miR-145 sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel by targeting Sp1 and Cdk6. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1286-96. [PMID: 24510775 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a major obstacle to effective chemotherapy treatment in ovarian cancer. In our study, paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer patients and cell lines had decreased miR-145 levels and expressed high levels of Sp1 and Cdk6. Introducing miR-145 into SKOV3/PTX and A2780/PTX cells led to a reduction in Cdk6 and Sp1 along with downregulation of P-gp and pRb. These changes resulted in increased accumulation of antineoplastic drugs and G1 cell cycle arrest, which rendered the cells more sensitive to paclitaxel in vitro and in vivo. These effects could be reversed by reintroducing Sp1 or Cdk6 into cells expressing high levels of miR-145, resulting in restoration of P-gp and pRb levels. Furthermore, we confirmed that both Cdk6 and Sp1 are targets of miR-145. Intriguingly, demethylation with 5-aza-dC led to reactivation of miR-145 expression in drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, which also resulted in increased sensitivity to paclitaxel. Collectively, these findings begin to elucidate the role of miR-145 as an important regulator of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer by controlling both Cdk6 and Sp1.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/biosynthesis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/biosynthesis
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- MicroRNAs/administration & dosage
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Paclitaxel/pharmacokinetics
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Retinoblastoma Protein/biosynthesis
- Retinoblastoma Protein/genetics
- Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/biosynthesis
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Transfection
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Department of gynecology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu University, school of medical science and laborratory medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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277
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Bertero T, Robbe-Sermesant K, Le Brigand K, Ponzio G, Pottier N, Rezzonico R, Mazure NM, Barbry P, Mari B. MicroRNA target identification: lessons from hypoxamiRs. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1249-68. [PMID: 24111877 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that have emerged as key regulators of many physiological and pathological processes, including those relevant to hypoxia such as cancer, neurological dysfunctions, myocardial infarction, and lung diseases. RECENT ADVANCES During the last 5 years, miRNAs have been shown to play a role in the regulation of the cellular response to hypoxia. The identification of several bona fide targets of these hypoxamiRs has underlined their pleiotropic functions and the complexity of the molecular rules directing miRNA::target transcript pairing. CRITICAL ISSUES This review outlines the main in silico and experimental approaches used to identify the targetome of hypoxamiRs and presents new recent relevant methodologies for future studies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Since hypoxia plays key roles in many pathophysiological conditions, the precise characterization of regulatory hypoxamiRs networks will be instrumental both at a fundamental level and for their future potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bertero
- 1 Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC) , Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7275, Sophia Antipolis, France
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278
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The role of microRNAs in ovarian cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:249393. [PMID: 25295252 PMCID: PMC4177088 DOI: 10.1155/2014/249393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of malignant gynecological tumors. Its lethality may be due to difficulties in detecting it at an early stage and lack of effective treatments for patients with an advanced or recurrent status. Therefore, there is a strong need for prognostic and predictive markers to diagnose it early and to help optimize and personalize treatment. MicroRNAs are noncoding RNAs that regulate target genes posttranscriptionally. They are involved in carcinogenesis, cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance. The dysregulation of microRNAs is involved in the initiation and progression of human cancers including ovarian cancer, and strong evidence that microRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes has emerged. Several microRNA signatures that are unique to ovarian cancer have been proposed, and serum-circulating microRNAs have the potential to be useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Various microRNAs such as those in the miR-200 family, the miR-199/214 cluster, or the let-7 paralogs have potential as therapeutic targets for disseminated or chemoresistant ovarian tumors. Although many obstacles need to be overcome, microRNA therapy could be a powerful tool for ovarian cancer prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss the emerging roles of microRNAs in various aspects of ovarian cancer.
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279
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Wang Y, Cui M, Sun BD, Liu FB, Zhang XD, Ye LH. MiR-506 suppresses proliferation of hepatoma cells through targeting YAP mRNA 3'UTR. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1207-14. [PMID: 25087998 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM MiR-506 is a miRNA involved in carcinogenesis of several kinds of cancer. In this study, we explored whether miR-506 played a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Twenty HCC and adjacent normal liver tissue samples were collected. Human hepatoma cell lines HepG2 and H7402 were used for in vitro studies. The expression of miR-506 and transcriptional co-activator YAP was examined using qRT-PCR. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of YAP and its target genes. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to identify YAP as a target gene of miR-506. MTT and EdU assays were carried out for functional analysis. RESULTS The expression of miR-506 was significantly lower in HCC than in adjacent normal liver tissues. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that YAP mRNA might be one of the targets of miR-506, and miR-506 in HCC tissues was found to be negatively correlated with YAP (r=-0.605). In both HepG2 and H7402 cells, miR-506 dose-dependently down-regulated YAP and its target genes c-Myc and the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrated that miR-506 targeted the wild type 3'UTR of YAP mRNA, but not a 3'UTR with a mutant seed site. Furthermore, miR-506 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and H7402 cells, while anti-miR-506 enhanced the cell proliferation, which was blocked by YAP siRNA. CONCLUSION MiR-506 suppresses the proliferation of hepatoma cells by targeting YAP mRNA.
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280
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Berindan-Neagoe I, Monroig PDC, Pasculli B, Calin GA. MicroRNAome genome: a treasure for cancer diagnosis and therapy. CA Cancer J Clin 2014; 64:311-36. [PMID: 25104502 PMCID: PMC4461198 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between abnormalities in genes coding for proteins and noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) has been among the most exciting yet unexpected discoveries in oncology over the last decade. The complexity of this network has redefined cancer research as miRNAs, produced from what was once considered "genomic trash," have shown to be crucial for cancer initiation, progression, and dissemination. Naturally occurring miRNAs are very short transcripts that never produce a protein or amino acid chain, but act by regulating protein expression during cellular processes such as growth, development, and differentiation at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and/or translational level. In this review article, miRNAs are presented as ubiquitous players involved in all cancer hallmarks. The authors also describe the most used methods to detect their expression, which have revealed the identity of hundreds of miRNAs dysregulated in cancer cells or tumor microenvironment cells. Furthermore, the role of miRNAs as hormones and as reliable cancer biomarkers and predictors of treatment response is discussed. Along with this, the authors explore current strategies in designing miRNA-targeting therapeutics, as well as the associated challenges that research envisions to overcome. Finally, a new wave in molecular oncology translational research is introduced: the study of long noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Department of Functional Genomics, The Oncology Institute, Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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281
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Henderson D, Ogilvie LA, Hoyle N, Keilholz U, Lange B, Lehrach H. Personalized medicine approaches for colon cancer driven by genomics and systems biology: OncoTrack. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:1104-14. [PMID: 25074435 PMCID: PMC4314672 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The post-genomic era promises to pave the way to a personalized understanding of disease processes, with technological and analytical advances helping to solve some of the world's health challenges. Despite extraordinary progress in our understanding of cancer pathogenesis, the disease remains one of the world's major medical problems. New therapies and diagnostic procedures to guide their clinical application are urgently required. OncoTrack, a consortium between industry and academia, supported by the Innovative Medicines Initiative, signifies a new era in personalized medicine, which synthesizes current technological advances in omics techniques, systems biology approaches, and mathematical modeling. A truly personalized molecular imprint of the tumor micro-environment and subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic insight is gained, with the ultimate goal of matching the "right" patient to the "right" drug and identifying predictive biomarkers for clinical application. This comprehensive mapping of the colon cancer molecular landscape in tandem with crucial, clinical functional annotation for systems biology analysis provides unprecedented insight and predictive power for colon cancer management. Overall, we show that major biotechnological developments in tandem with changes in clinical thinking have laid the foundations for the OncoTrack approach and the future clinical application of a truly personalized approach to colon cancer theranostics.
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282
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Han C, Liu Y, Wan G, Choi HJ, Zhao L, Ivan C, He X, Sood AK, Zhang X, Lu X. The RNA-binding protein DDX1 promotes primary microRNA maturation and inhibits ovarian tumor progression. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1447-60. [PMID: 25176654 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranscriptional maturation is a critical step in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis that determines mature miRNA levels. In addition to core components (Drosha and DGCR8 [DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8]) in the microprocessor, regulatory RNA-binding proteins may confer the specificity for recruiting and processing of individual primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs). Here, we identify DDX1 as a regulatory protein that promotes the expression of a subset of miRNAs, including five members in the microRNA-200 (miR-200) family and four miRNAs in an eight-miRNA signature of a mesenchymal ovarian cancer subtype. A majority of DDX1-dependent miRNAs are induced after DNA damage. This induction is facilitated by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-mediated phosphorylation of DDX1. Inhibiting DDX1 promotes ovarian tumor growth and metastasis in a syngeneic mouse model. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) reveals that low DDX1 levels are associated with poor clinical outcome in patients with serous ovarian cancer. These findings suggest that DDX1 is a key modulator in miRNA maturation and ovarian tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecil Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yunhua Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guohui Wan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyun Jin Choi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luqing Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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283
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Hu J, Cheng Y, Li Y, Jin Z, Pan Y, Liu G, Fu S, Zhang Y, Feng K, Feng Y. microRNA-128 plays a critical role in human non-small cell lung cancer tumourigenesis, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by directly targeting vascular endothelial growth factor-C. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2336-50. [PMID: 25001183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important gene regulators that play critical roles in biological processes and function as either tumour suppressors or oncogenes. Therefore, the expression levels of miRNAs can be important and reliable biomarkers for cancer detection and prognostic prediction, and potentially serve as targets for cancer therapy. In this study, we showed that the expression level of miR-128 was significantly downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cancer cells, and was significantly correlated with NSCLC differentiation, pathological stage and lymph node metastasis. Ectopic miR-128 overexpression significantly suppressed in vitro proliferation, colony formation, immigration and invasion, and induced G1 arrest and apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Interestingly, ectopic miR-128 overexpression could significantly inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C expression and reduce the activity of a luciferase reporter containing the VEGF-C 3'-untranslated region. In addition, overexpression of miR-128 in NSCLC cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cells led to decreased expression of VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 and VEGFR-3, critical factors responsible for cancer angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and subsequently decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (AKT) and p38 signalling pathways. Furthermore, in vivo restoration of miR-128 significantly suppressed tumourigenicity of A549 cells in nude mice and inhibited both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis of tumour xenografts. These findings suggest that miR-128 could play a role in NSCLC tumourigenesis at least in part by modulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through targeting VEGF-C, and could simultaneously block ERK, AKT and p38 signalling pathways. Therapeutic strategies to restore miR-128 in NSCLC could be useful to inhibit tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yongxia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yuezhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Zaishun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Yanming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Guibo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Songbin Fu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Kejian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Yukuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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284
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Patel L, Parker B, Yang D, Zhang W. Translational genomics in cancer research: converting profiles into personalized cancer medicine. Cancer Biol Med 2014; 10:214-20. [PMID: 24349831 PMCID: PMC3860348 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer genomics is a rapidly growing discipline in which the genetic molecular basis of malignancy is studied at the scale of whole genomes. While the discipline has been successful with respect to identifying specific oncogenes and tumor suppressors involved in oncogenesis, it is also challenging our approach to managing patients suffering from this deadly disease. Specifically cancer genomics is driving clinical oncology to take a more molecular approach to diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment selection. We review here recent work undertaken in cancer genomics with an emphasis on translation of genomic findings. Finally, we discuss scientific challenges and research opportunities emerging from findings derived through analysis of tumors with high-depth sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Patel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; ; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brittany Parker
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; ; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; ; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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285
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Koutsaki M, Spandidos DA, Zaravinos A. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated miRNAs in ovarian carcinoma, with highlight on the miR-200 family: prognostic value and prospective role in ovarian cancer therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2014; 351:173-81. [PMID: 24952258 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of short ribonucleic acids found to play a pivotal role in cancer pathogenesis. MiRNAs are crucial in cellular differentiation, growth, stress response, cell death and other fundamental cellular processes, and their involvement in ovarian cancer has been recently shown. They can repress the expression of important cancer-related genes and they can also function both as oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. During epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion and gain migratory and invasive properties. In the ovarian surface epithelium, EMT is considered the key regulator of the post-ovulatory repair process and it can be triggered by a range of environmental stimuli. The aberrant expression of the miR-200 family (miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141 and miR-429) in ovarian carcinoma and its involvement in ovarian cancer initiation and progression has been well-demonstrated. The miR-200 family members seem to be strongly associated with a pathologic EMT and to have a metastasis suppressive role. MiRNA signatures can accurately distinguish ovarian cancer from the normal ovary and can be used as diagnostic tools to predict the clinical response to chemotherapy. Recent evidence suggests a growing list of new miRNAs (miR-187, miR-34a, miR-506, miRNA-138, miR-30c, miR-30d, miR-30e-3p, miR-370 and miR-106a, among others) that are also implicated in ovarian carcinoma-associated EMT, either enhancing or suppressing it. MiRNA-based gene therapy provides a prospective anti-tumour approach for integrated cancer therapy. The aim of nanotechnology-based delivery approach for miRNA therapy is to overcome challenges in miRNA delivery and to effectively encourage the reprogramming of miRNA networks in cancer cells, which may lead to a clinically translatable miRNA-based therapy to benefit ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koutsaki
- Pediatric Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 1352 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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286
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Llauradó M, Majem B, Altadill T, Lanau L, Castellví J, Sánchez-Iglesias JL, Cabrera S, De la Torre J, Díaz-Feijoo B, Pérez-Benavente A, Colás E, Olivan M, Doll A, Alameda F, Matias-Guiu X, Moreno-Bueno G, Carey MS, Del Campo JM, Gil-Moreno A, Reventós J, Rigau M. MicroRNAs as prognostic markers in ovarian cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 390:73-84. [PMID: 24747602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy among women. Over 70% of women with OC are diagnosed in advanced stages and most of these cases are incurable. Although most patients respond well to primary chemotherapy, tumors become resistant to treatment. Mechanisms of chemoresistance in cancer cells may be associated with mutational events and/or alterations of gene expression through epigenetic events. Although focusing on known genes has already yielded new information, previously unknown non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), also lead insight into the biology of chemoresistance. In this review we summarize the current evidence examining the role of miRNAs as biomarkers of response and survival to therapy in OC. Beside their clinical implications, we also discuss important differences between studies that may have limited their use as clinical biomarkers and suggest new approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Llauradó
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Majem
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tatiana Altadill
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Lanau
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Castellví
- Department of Pathology, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Cabrera
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier De la Torre
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Díaz-Feijoo
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eva Colás
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Olivan
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Doll
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Alameda
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ, 28029, Madrid, Spain & Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, 28033 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark S Carey
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of British Columbia and BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Josep Maria Del Campo
- Division of Gynecology and Head and Neck, Department of Oncology, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Moreno
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Reventós
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Bàsiques, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; IDIBELL- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Rigau
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall Hebron Research Institute University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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287
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Davidson B, Tropé CG, Reich R. The clinical and diagnostic role of microRNAs in ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 133:640-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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288
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Wu J, Peng X, Zhou A, Qiao M, Wu H, Xiao H, Liu G, Zheng X, Zhang S, Mei S. MiR-506 inhibits PRRSV replication in MARC-145 cells via CD151. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 394:275-81. [PMID: 24878990 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically important diseases of swine, which is caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV). CD151, one of PRRSV entry mediators, determines the cell susceptibility for PRRSV. Emerging evidence indicates that the host microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in modulating virus infection and viral pathogenesis. In the present study, targeting porcine CD151 miRNAs were identified, and their function during PRRSV infection in MARC-145 cells was further verified. We found that miR-506 could directly target porcine CD151 3'-UTR mRNA by luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of miR-506 significantly decreased CD151 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-506 reduced cellular PRRSV replication and virus release in MARC-145 cells. Our results suggested that miR-506 could inhibit PRRSV replication by directly targeting PRRSV receptor of CD151 in MARC-145 cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of miR-506 and its function in vivo need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, People's Republic of China
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289
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Epithelial-mesenchymal status renders differential responses to cisplatin in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:1899-907. [PMID: 24858042 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance to platinums, such as cisplatin, is of critical concern in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Recent evidence has linked epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a contributing mechanism. The current study explored the connection between cellular responses to cisplatin and EMT in ovarian cancer. Expression microarrays were utilized to estimate the EMT status as a binary phenotype, and the transcriptional responses of 46 ovarian cancer cell lines to cisplatin were measured at dosages equivalent to 50% growth inhibition. Phenotypic responses to cisplatin were quantified with respect to cell number, proliferation rate and apoptosis, and then compared with the epithelial or mesenchymal status. Ovarian cancer cell lines with an epithelial status exhibited higher resistance to cisplatin treatment in the MTS assay than those with a mesenchymal status. Pathway analyses revealed the induction of G1/S- and S-phase genes (P=0.001) and the activation of multiple NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) downstream genes (P=0.0016) by cisplatin selectively in epithelial-like cell lines. BrdU incorporation and Caspase-3/7 release assays confirmed impaired apoptosis in epithelial-like ovarian cancer cells. In clinical samples, we observed resistance to single platinum treatment and the selective activation of the NF-κB pathway by platinum in ovarian cancers with an epithelial status. Overall, our results suggest that, in epithelial-like ovarian cancer cells, NF-κB activation by cisplatin may lead to defective apoptosis, preferential proliferation arrest and a consequential decreased sensitivity to cisplatin.
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290
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Wang W, Ren F, Wu Q, Jiang D, Li H, Peng Z, Wang J, Shi H. MicroRNA-497 inhibition of ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion through targeting of SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:432-7. [PMID: 24858688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying ovarian cancer progression facilitates the development of promising strategy for ovarian cancer therapy. Previously, we observed frequent down-regulation of miR-497 expression in ovarian cancer tissues. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-497 in ovarian cancer metastasis. We found that endogenous miR-497 expression was down-regulated in the more aggressive ovarian cancer cell lines compared with the less aggressive cells. Exogenous expression of miR-497 suppressed ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion, whereas reduction of endogenous miR-497 expression induced tumor cell migration and invasion. Mechanistic investigations confirmed pro-metastatic factor SMURF1 as a direct target of miR-497 through which miR-497 ablated tumor cell migration and invasion. Further studies revealed that lower levels of miR-497 expression were associated with shorter overall survival as well as increased SMURF1 expression in ovarian cancer patients. Our results indicate that down-regulation of miR-497 in ovarian cancer may facilitate tumor metastasis. Restoration of miR-497 expression may be a promising strategy for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Fang Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Dazhi Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinglu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Huirong Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
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291
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Integrated analyses identify the involvement of microRNA-26a in epithelial-mesenchymal transition during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1238. [PMID: 24853416 PMCID: PMC4047861 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and highly lethal fibrotic lung disease with poor treatment and unknown etiology. Emerging evidence suggests that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has an important role in repair and scar formation following epithelial injury during pulmonary fibrosis. Although some miRNAs have been shown to be dysregulated in the pathophysiological processes of IPF, limited studies have payed attention on the participation of miRNAs in EMT in lung fibrosis. In our study, we identified and constructed a regulation network of differentially expressed IPF miRNAs and EMT genes. Additionally, we found the downregulation of miR-26a in mice with experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Further studies showed that miR-26a regulated HMGA2, which is a key factor in the process of EMT and had the maximum number of regulating miRNAs in the regulation network. More importantly, inhibition of miR-26a resulted in lung epithelial cells transforming into myofibroblasts in vitro and in vivo, whereas forced expression of miR-26a alleviated TGF-β1- and BLM-induced EMT in A549 cells and in mice, respectively. Taken together, our study deciphered the essential role of miR-26a in the pathogenesis of EMT in pulmonary fibrosis, and suggests that miR-26a may be a potential therapeutic target for IPF.
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292
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Liu G, Sun Y, Ji P, Li X, Cogdell D, Yang D, Parker Kerrigan BC, Shmulevich I, Chen K, Sood AK, Xue F, Zhang W. MiR-506 suppresses proliferation and induces senescence by directly targeting the CDK4/6-FOXM1 axis in ovarian cancer. J Pathol 2014; 233:308-18. [PMID: 24604117 DOI: 10.1002/path.4348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy. Better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this disease and effective targeted therapies are needed to improve patient outcomes. MicroRNAs play important roles in cancer progression and have the potential for use as either therapeutic agents or targets. Studies in other cancers have suggested that miR-506 has anti-tumour activity, but its function has yet to be elucidated. We found that deregulation of miR-506 in ovarian carcinoma promotes an aggressive phenotype. Ectopic over-expression of miR-506 in ovarian cancer cells was sufficient to inhibit proliferation and to promote senescence. We also demonstrated that CDK4 and CDK6 are direct targets of miR-506, and that miR-506 can inhibit CDK4/6-FOXM1 signalling, which is activated in the majority of serous ovarian carcinomas. This newly recognized miR-506-CDK4/6-FOXM1 axis provides further insight into the pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma and identifies a potential novel therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, People's Republic of China
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293
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Titone R, Morani F, Follo C, Vidoni C, Mezzanzanica D, Isidoro C. Epigenetic control of autophagy by microRNAs in ovarian cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:343542. [PMID: 24877083 PMCID: PMC4022060 DOI: 10.1155/2014/343542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal-driven catabolic process that contributes to the preservation of cell homeostasis through the regular elimination of cellular damaged, aged, and redundant molecules and organelles. Autophagy plays dual opposite roles in cancer: on one hand it prevents carcinogenesis; on the other hand it confers an advantage to cancer cells to survive under prohibitive conditions. Autophagy has been implicated in ovarian cancer aggressiveness and in ovarian cancer cell chemoresistance and dormancy. Small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level, thus playing an important role in many aspects of cell pathophysiology, including cancerogenesis and cancer progression. Certain miRNAs have recently emerged as important epigenetic modulators of autophagy in cancer cells. The mRNA of several autophagy-related genes contains, in fact, the target sequence for miRNAs belonging to different families, with either oncosuppressive or oncogenic activities. MiRNA profiling studies have identified some miRNAs aberrantly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues that can impact autophagy. In addition, plasma and stroma cell-derived miRNAs in tumour-bearing patients can regulate the expression of relevant autophagy genes in cancer cells. The present review focuses on the potential implications of miRNAs regulating autophagy in ovarian cancer pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Titone
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Centro di Biotecnologie per la Ricerca Medica Applicata, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Morani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Centro di Biotecnologie per la Ricerca Medica Applicata, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Follo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Centro di Biotecnologie per la Ricerca Medica Applicata, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Vidoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Centro di Biotecnologie per la Ricerca Medica Applicata, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Centro di Biotecnologie per la Ricerca Medica Applicata, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
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294
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Dai E, Yu X, Zhang Y, Meng F, Wang S, Liu X, Liu D, Wang J, Li X, Jiang W. EpimiR: a database of curated mutual regulation between miRNAs and epigenetic modifications. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2014; 2014:bau023. [PMID: 24682734 PMCID: PMC4037167 DOI: 10.1093/database/bau023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As two kinds of important gene expression regulators, both epigenetic modification and microRNA (miRNA) can play significant roles in a wide range of human diseases. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that epigenetics and miRNA can affect each other in various ways. In this study, we established the EpimiR database, which collects 1974 regulations between 19 kinds of epigenetic modifications (such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, H3K4me3, H3S10p) and 617 miRNAs across seven species (including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Gallus gallus, Epstein–Barr virus, Canis familiaris and Arabidopsis thaliana) from >300 references in the literature. These regulations can be divided into two parts: miR2Epi (103 entries describing how miRNA regulates epigenetic modification) and Epi2miR (1871 entries describing how epigenetic modification affects miRNA). Each entry of EpimiR not only contains basic descriptions of the validated experiment (method, species, reference and so on) but also clearly illuminates the regulatory pathway between epigenetics and miRNA. As a supplement to the curated information, the EpimiR extends to gather predicted epigenetic features (such as predicted transcription start site, upstream CpG island) associated with miRNA for users to guide their future biological experiments. Finally, EpimiR offers download and submission pages. Thus, EpimiR provides a fairly comprehensive repository about the mutual regulation between epigenetic modifications and miRNAs, which will promote the research on the regulatory mechanism of epigenetics and miRNA. Database URL:http://bioinfo.hrbmu.edu.cn/EpimiR/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyu Dai
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
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295
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Guo F, Cogdell D, Hu L, Yang D, Sood AK, Xue F, Zhang W. MiR-101 suppresses the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting ZEB1 and ZEB2 in ovarian carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2021-8. [PMID: 24677166 PMCID: PMC4020617 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy; the majority of patients succumb to the disease within 5 years of diagnosis. The poor survival rate is attributed to diagnosis at advanced stage, when the tumor has metastasized. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a necessary step toward metastatic tumor progression. Through integrated computational analysis, we recently identified a master microRNA (miRNA) network that includes miR-101 and regulates EMT in ovarian carcinoma. In the present study, we characterized the functions of miR-101. Using reporter gene assays, we demonstrated that miR-101 suppressed the expression of the E-cadherin repressors ZEB1 and ZEB2 by directly targeting the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of both ZEB1 and ZEB2. Introduction of miR-101 significantly inhibited EMT and cell migration and invasion. Introducing cDNAs of ZEB1 and ZEB2 without 3'UTR abrogated miR-101-induced EMT alteration, respectively. Our findings showed that miR-101 represents a redundant mechanism for the miR-200 family that regulates EMT through two major E-cadherin transcriptional repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Cogdell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Limei Hu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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296
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Kasper BT, Koppolu S, Mahal LK. Insights into miRNA regulation of the human glycome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:774-9. [PMID: 24463102 PMCID: PMC4015186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an intricate process requiring the coordinated action of multiple proteins, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, sugar nucleotide transporters and trafficking proteins. Work by several groups points to a role for microRNA (miRNA) in controlling the levels of specific glycosyltransferases involved in cancer, neural migration and osteoblast formation. Recent work in our laboratory suggests that miRNA are a principal regulator of the glycome, translating genomic information into the glycocode through tuning of enzyme levels. Herein we overlay predicted miRNA regulation of glycosylation related genes (glycogenes) onto maps of the common N-linked and O-linked glycan biosynthetic pathways to identify key regulatory nodes of the glycome. Our analysis provides insights into glycan regulation and suggests that at the regulatory level, glycogenes are non-redundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Kasper
- Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Sujeethraj Koppolu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Lara K Mahal
- Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, United States.
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297
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miR-506 acts as a tumor suppressor by directly targeting the hedgehog pathway transcription factor Gli3 in human cervical cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:717-25. [PMID: 24608427 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although significant advances have recently been made in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical carcinoma, the long-term survival rate for advanced cervical cancer remains low. Therefore, an urgent need exists to both uncover the molecular mechanisms and identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of cervical cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have important roles in cancer progression and could be used as either potential therapeutic agents or targets. miR-506 is a component of an X chromosome-linked miRNA cluster. The biological functions of miR-506 have not been well established. In this study, we found that miR-506 expression was downregulated in approximately 80% of the cervical cancer samples examined and inversely correlated with the expression of Ki-67, a marker of cell proliferation. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies in human cervical cancer, Caski and SiHa cells, demonstrated that miR-506 acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cervical cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Further studies showed that miR-506 induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition, and enhanced apoptosis and chemosensitivity of cervical cancer cell. We subsequently identified Gli3, a hedgehog pathway transcription factor, as a direct target of miR-506 in cervical cancer. Furthermore, Gli3 silencing recapitulated the effects of miR-506, and reintroduction of Gli3 abrogated miR-506-induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis. Taken together, we conclude that miR-506 exerts its anti-proliferative function by directly targeting Gli3. This newly identified miR-506/Gli3 axis provides further insight into the pathogenesis of cervical cancer and indicates a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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298
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An O, Pendino V, D'Antonio M, Ratti E, Gentilini M, Ciccarelli FD. NCG 4.0: the network of cancer genes in the era of massive mutational screenings of cancer genomes. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2014; 2014:bau015. [PMID: 24608173 PMCID: PMC3948431 DOI: 10.1093/database/bau015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NCG 4.0 is the latest update of the Network of Cancer Genes, a web-based repository of systems-level properties of cancer genes. In its current version, the database collects information on 537 known (i.e. experimentally supported) and 1463 candidate (i.e. inferred using statistical methods) cancer genes. Candidate cancer genes derive from the manual revision of 67 original publications describing the mutational screening of 3460 human exomes and genomes in 23 different cancer types. For all 2000 cancer genes, duplicability, evolutionary origin, expression, functional annotation, interaction network with other human proteins and with microRNAs are reported. In addition to providing a substantial update of cancer-related information, NCG 4.0 also introduces two new features. The first is the annotation of possible false-positive cancer drivers, defined as candidate cancer genes inferred from large-scale screenings whose association with cancer is likely to be spurious. The second is the description of the systems-level properties of 64 human microRNAs that are causally involved in cancer progression (oncomiRs). Owing to the manual revision of all information, NCG 4.0 constitutes a complete and reliable resource on human coding and non-coding genes whose deregulation drives cancer onset and/or progression. NCG 4.0 can also be downloaded as a free application for Android smart phones. Database URL: http://bio.ieo.eu/ncg/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer An
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy and Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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299
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Guo F, Parker Kerrigan BC, Yang D, Hu L, Shmulevich I, Sood AK, Xue F, Zhang W. Post-transcriptional regulatory network of epithelial-to-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:19. [PMID: 24598126 PMCID: PMC3973872 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-7-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse process, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), play important roles in embryogenesis, stem cell biology, and cancer progression. EMT can be regulated by many signaling pathways and regulatory transcriptional networks. Furthermore, post-transcriptional regulatory networks regulate EMT; these networks include the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) families. Specifically, the miR-200 family, miR-101, miR-506, and several lncRNAs have been found to regulate EMT. Recent studies have illustrated that several lncRNAs are overexpressed in various cancers and that they can promote tumor metastasis by inducing EMT. MiRNA controls EMT by regulating EMT transcription factors or other EMT regulators, suggesting that lncRNAs and miRNA are novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. Further efforts have shown that non-coding-mediated EMT regulation is closely associated with epigenetic regulation through promoter methylation (e.g., miR-200 or miR-506) and protein regulation (e.g., SET8 via miR-502). The formation of gene fusions has also been found to promote EMT in prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss the post-transcriptional regulatory network that is involved in EMT and MET and how targeting EMT and MET may provide effective therapeutics for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Pathology, Unit 85, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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300
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Díaz-Martín J, Díaz-López A, Moreno-Bueno G, Castilla MÁ, Rosa-Rosa JM, Cano A, Palacios J. A core microRNA signature associated with inducers of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. J Pathol 2014; 232:319-29. [PMID: 24122292 DOI: 10.1002/path.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although it is becoming clear that certain miRNAs fulfil a fundamental role in the regulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a comprehensive study of the miRNAs associated with this process has yet to be performed. Here, we profiled the signature of miRNA expression in an in vitro model of EMT, ectopically expressing in MDCK cells one of seven EMT transcription factors (SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1, ZEB2, TWIST1, TWIST2 or E47) or the EMT inducer LOXL2. In this way, we identified a core subset of deregulated miRNAs that were further validated in vivo, studying endometrial carcinosarcoma (ECS), a tumour entity that represents an extreme example of phenotypic plasticity. Moreover, epigenetic silencing through DNA methylation of miRNA genes of the miR-200 family and miR-205 that are down-regulated during EMT was evident in both the in vitro (MDCK transfectants) and in vivo (ECS) models of EMT. The strong correlation between expression and DNA methylation suggests a major role for this epigenetic mark in the regulation of the miR-141-200c locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Díaz-Martín
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
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