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Dorgham MG, Elliott BA, Holley CL, Mansfield KD. m6A regulates breast cancer proliferation and migration through stage-dependent changes in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition gene expression. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1268977. [PMID: 38023205 PMCID: PMC10661887 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1268977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While many factors have been implicated in breast cancer progression, effective treatments are still lacking. In recent years, it has become clear that posttranscriptional regulation plays a key role in the aberrant gene expression underlying malignancy and metastasis. For example, the mRNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is involved in numerous post-transcriptional regulation processes and has been implicated in many cancer types, including breast cancer. Despite intense study, even within a single type of cancer, there is little consensus, and often conflicting results, as to the role of m6A, suggesting other factors must influence the process. The goal of this study was to determine if the effects of m6A manipulation on proliferation and migration differed based on the stage of disease progression. Using the MCF10 model of breast cancer, we reduced m6A levels by targeting METTL3, the main cellular m6A RNA methyltransferase. Knocking down Mettl3 at different stages of breast cancer progression indeed shows unique effects at each stage. The early-stage breast cancer line showed a more proliferative phenotype with the knockdown of Mettl3 while the transformed breast cancer line showed a more migratory phenotype. Interestingly, the metastasized breast cancer cell line showed almost no effect on phenotype with the knockdown of Mettl3. Furthermore, transcriptome wide analysis revealed EMT as the probable pathway influencing the phenotypic changes. The results of this study may begin to address the controversy of m6A's role in cancer and suggest that m6A may have a dynamic role in cancer that depends on the stage of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed G. Dorgham
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Brittany A. Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Kyle D. Mansfield
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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2
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Cagle E, Lake B, Banerjee A, Cuffee J, Banerjee N, Gilmartin D, Liverman M, Brown S, Armstrong E, Bhattacharya S, Ghosh S, Mandal T, Banerjee H. Analysis of Differential Gene Expression and Core Canonical Pathways Involved in the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Comput Mol Biosci 2023; 13:21-34. [PMID: 37538932 PMCID: PMC10398793 DOI: 10.4236/cmb.2023.132002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a malignant form of cancer with very high mortality and morbidity. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is the most common pathophysiological change observed in cancer cells of epithelial origin that promotes metastasis, drug resistance and cancer stem cell formation. Since the information regarding differential gene expression in TNBC cells and cell signaling events leading to EMT is limited, this investigation was done by comparing transcriptomic data generated by RNA isolation and sequencing of a EMT model TNBC cell line in comparison to regular TNBC cells. RNA sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Software Analysis (IPA) of the transcriptomic data revealed several upregulated and downregulated gene expressions along with novel core canonical pathways including Sirtuin signaling, Oxidative Phosphorylation and Mitochondrial dysfunction events involved in EMT changes of the TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cagle
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Brent Lake
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Anasua Banerjee
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Jazmine Cuffee
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Narendra Banerjee
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Darla Gilmartin
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Makaiyah Liverman
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Shennel Brown
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Erik Armstrong
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Somiranjan Ghosh
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tanmoy Mandal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hirendra Banerjee
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
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3
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von Gilsa Lopes J, Inácio JM, Marques S, Añez SB, Belo JA. Depletion of DAND5 Hinders EMT in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023:CSCR-EPUB-131837. [PMID: 37194232 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230516154113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dand5 encodes a protein that acts as an antagonist to Nodal/TGF-β and Wnt pathways. A mouse knockout (KO) model has shown that this molecule is associated with left-right asymmetry and cardiac development, with its depletion causing heterotaxia and cardiac hyperplasia. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms affected by the depletion of Dand5. METHODS DAND5-KO and wild-type embryoid bodies (EBs) were used to assess genetic expression with RNA sequencing. To complement the expression results that pointed towards differences in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), we evaluated migration and cell attachment. Lastly, in vivo valve development was investigated, as it was an established model of EMT. RESULTS DAND5-KO EBs progress faster through differentiation. The differences in expression will lead to differences in the expression of genes involved with Notch and Wnt signalling pathways, as well as changes in the expression of genes encoding membrane proteins. Such changes were accompanied by lower migratory rates in DAND5-KO EBs, as well as higher concentrations of focal adhesions. Within valve development, Dand5 is expressed in the myocardium underlying future valve sites, and its depletion compromises correct valve structure. CONCLUSION The DAND5 range of action goes beyond early development. Its absence leads to significantly different expression patterns in vitro and defects in EMT and migration. These results have an in vivo translation in mouse heart valve development. Knowledge regarding the influence of DAND5 in EMT and cell transformation allows further understanding of its role in development, or even in some disease contexts, such as congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- João von Gilsa Lopes
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical Schoo
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NM
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M Inácio
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical Schoo
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NM
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Marques
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical Schoo
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NM
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sabrina B Añez
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical Schoo
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NM
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A Belo
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical Schoo
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NM
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Lisboa, Portugal
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4
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Olascoaga-Caso EM, Tamariz-Domínguez E, Rodríguez-Alba JC, Juárez-Aguilar E. Exogenous growth hormone promotes an epithelial-mesenchymal hybrid phenotype in cancerous HeLa cells but not in non-cancerous HEK293 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1117-1128. [PMID: 36222986 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In cancer, the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is the process in which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal features that allow metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. Growth hormone (GH) has been associated with melanoma, breast, and endometrial cancer progression through an autocrine regulation of EMT. Since exogenous and autocrine expression of GH is known to have different molecular effects, we investigated whether exogenous GH is capable of regulating the EMT of cancer cells. Furthermore, we investigated whether exogenous GH could promote EMT in non-cancerous cells. To study the effect of GH (100 ng/ml) on cancer and non-cancer cells, we used HeLa and HEK293 cell lines, respectively. We evaluated the loss of cell-cell contacts, by cell scattering assay and migration by wound-healing assay. Additionally, we evaluated the morphological changes by phalloidin-staining. Finally, we evaluated the molecular markers E-cadherin and vimentin by flow cytometry. GH enhances cell scattering and the migratory rate and promotes morphological changes such as cell area increase and actin cytoskeleton filaments formation on HeLa cell line. Moreover, we found that GH favors the expression of the mesenchymal protein vimentin, followed by an increase in E-cadherin's epithelial protein expression, characteristics of an epithelial-mesenchymal hybrid phenotype that is associated with metastasis. On HEK293cells, GH promotes morphological changes, including cell area increment and filopodia formation, but not affects scattering, migration, nor EMT markers expression. Our results suggest that exogenous GH might participate in cervical cancer progression favoring a hybrid EMT phenotype but not on non-cancerous HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Olascoaga-Caso
- PhD Health Sciences Program. Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.,Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo-Ayala S/N, Industrial-Animas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - E Tamariz-Domínguez
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo-Ayala S/N, Industrial-Animas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - J C Rodríguez-Alba
- Flow Cytometry Unity, Department of Biomedicine, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos y odontólogos s/n, Unidad del Bosque, 91010, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - E Juárez-Aguilar
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo-Ayala S/N, Industrial-Animas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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5
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Domdey M, Kluth M, Maßlo C, Ganss C, Frank M, Frank N, Coroneo M, Cursiefen C, Notara M. Consecutive dosing of UVB irradiation induces loss of ABCB5 expression and activation of EMT and fibrosis proteins in limbal epithelial cells similar to pterygium epithelium. Stem Cell Res 2022; 64:102936. [PMID: 36242878 PMCID: PMC9582195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterygium pathogenesis is often attributed to a population of altered limbal stem cells, which initiate corneal invasion and drive the hyperproliferation and fibrosis associated with the disease. These cells are thought to undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to contribute to subepithelial stromal fibrosis. In this study, the presence of the novel limbal stem cell marker ABCB5 in clusters of basal epithelial pterygium cells co-expressing with P63α and P40 is reported. ABCB5-positive pterygium cells also express EMT-associated fibrosis markers including vimentin and α-SMA while their β-catenin expression is reduced. By using a novel in vitro model of two-dose UV-induced EMT activation on limbal epithelial cells, we could observe the dysregulation of EMT-related proteins including an increase of vimentin and α-SMA as well as downregulation of β-catenin in epithelial cells correlating to downregulation of ABCB5. The sequential irradiation of limbal fibroblasts also induced an increase in vimentin and α-SMA. Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time the expression of ABCB5 in pterygium stem cell activity and EMT-related events while the involvement of limbal stem cells in pterygium pathogenesis is exhibited via sequential irradiation of limbal epithelial cells. The later in vitro approach can be used to further study the involvement of limbal epithelium UV-induced EMT in pterygium pathogenesis and help identify novel treatments against pterygium growth and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Domdey
- Dept. of Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - M.A. Kluth
- TICEBA GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany,RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Maßlo
- TICEBA GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany,RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Ganss
- TICEBA GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany,RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M.H. Frank
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA,School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - N.Y. Frank
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M.T. Coroneo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia,Ophthalmic Surgeons, Sydney, Australia,East Sydney Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia,Look for Life Foundation, Sydney, Australia
| | - C. Cursiefen
- Dept. of Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany,Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, CECAD Research Center, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMK), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Notara
- Dept. of Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany,Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, CECAD Research Center, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMK), University of Cologne, Germany,Corresponding author at: Dept. of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
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6
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Zhang N, Ren Y, Wang Y, Zhao L, Wang B, Ma N, Gao Z, Cao B. LRG1 Suppresses Migration and Invasion of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Modulating Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. J Cancer 2020; 11:1486-1494. [PMID: 32047555 PMCID: PMC6995366 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis. The molecular pathogenesis underlying ESCC remains to be explored. Leucine-rich ɑ-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cancer types, however its role in ESCC is unknown. Materials and Methods: Data from the public database was analyzed to address the expression of LRG1 in ESCC. Gain-of-function studies were performed in select ESCC cell lines by over-expression or addition of recombinant LRG1, while loss-of-function studies achieved by small interfering RNA mediated knockdown. Wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to investigate ESCC cell migration and invasion upon manipulating LRG1 levels. Western blot and Immunofluorescence staining were used to examine the changes in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and TGFβ signaling pathway. Results: LRG1 mRNA levels were found to be significantly down-regulated in patients with ESCC as well as in several ESCC cell lines. Silencing of LRG1 promoted, while overexpression of LRG1 inhibited ESCC cell migration and invasion. In line with this, Silencing of LRG1 enhanced, while overexpression of LRG1 reduced TGFβ signaling and EMT of ESCC cells. Conclusion/Significance: LRG1 suppresses ESCC cell migration and invasion via negative modulation of TGFβ signaling and EMT. Down-regulation of LRG1 in ESCC patients may favor tumor metastasis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninggang Zhang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, No. 3 of Zhigong Xincun Street, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China
| | - Yaqiong Ren
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, No. 3 of Zhigong Xincun Street, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, No. 3 of Zhigong Xincun Street, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Nina Ma
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhengxing Gao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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7
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Noman MZ, Van Moer K, Marani V, Gemmill RM, Tranchevent LC, Azuaje F, Muller A, Chouaib S, Thiery JP, Berchem G, Janji B. CD47 is a direct target of SNAI1 and ZEB1 and its blockade activates the phagocytosis of breast cancer cells undergoing EMT. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1345415. [PMID: 29632713 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1345415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report that CD47 was upregulated in different EMT-activated human breast cancer cells versus epithelial MCF7 cells. Overexpression of SNAI1 or ZEB1 in epithelial MCF7 cells activated EMT and upregulated CD47 while siRNA-mediated targeting of SNAI1 or ZEB1 in mesenchymal MDA-MB-231 cells reversed EMT and strongly decreased CD47. Mechanistically, SNAI1 and ZEB1 upregulated CD47 by binding directly to E-boxes in the human CD47 promoter. TCGA and METABRIC data sets from breast cancer patients revealed that CD47 correlated with SNAI1 and Vimentin. At functional level, different EMT-activated breast cancer cells were less efficiently phagocytosed by macrophages vs. MCF7 cells. The phagocytosis of EMT-activated cells was rescued by using CD47 blocking antibody or by genetic targeting of SNAI1, ZEB1 or CD47. These results provide a rationale for an innovative preclinical combination immunotherapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 and CD47 blockade along with EMT inhibitors in patients with highly aggressive, mesenchymal, and metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaeem Noman
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Kris Van Moer
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Vanessa Marani
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Robert M Gemmill
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Léon-Charles Tranchevent
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Francisco Azuaje
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Arnaud Muller
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | | | - Jean Paul Thiery
- INSERM UMR1186, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,CNRS UMR 7057, University Paris Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Guy Berchem
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Department of Hemato-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier du Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Bassam Janji
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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8
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Sharma T, Radosevich JA, Pachori G, Mandal CC. A Molecular View of Pathological Microcalcification in Breast Cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2016; 21:25-40. [PMID: 26769216 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-015-9349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast microcalcification is a potential diagnostic indicator for non-palpable breast cancers. Microcalcification type I (calcium oxalate) is restricted to benign tissue, whereas type II (calcium hydroxyapatite) occurs both in benign as well as in malignant lesions. Microcalcification is a pathological complication of the mammary gland. Over the past few decades, much attention has been paid to exploit this property, which forms the basis for advances in diagnostic procedures and imaging techniques. The mechanism of its formation is still poorly understood. Hence, in this paper, we have attempted to address the molecular mechanism of microcalcification in breast cancer. The central theme of this communication is "how a subpopulation of heterogeneous breast tumor cells attains an osteoblast-like phenotype, and what activities drive the process of pathophysiological microcalcification, especially at the invasive or infiltrating front of breast tumors". The role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) along with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in manipulating this pathological process has been highlighted. Therefore, this review offers a novel insight into the mechanism underlying the development of microcalcification in breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - James A Radosevich
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Geeta Pachori
- Department of Pathology, J.L.N Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305001, India
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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9
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Donnenberg VS, Donnenberg AD. Stem cell state and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition: Implications for cancer therapy. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 55:603-19. [PMID: 25708160 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell paradigm, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its converse, the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, have reached convergence. Implicit in this understanding is the notion that cancer cells can change state, and with such change come bidirectional alterations in motility, proliferative activity, and drug resistance. As such, tumors present a moving target for antineoplastic therapy. This article will review the evolving adult stem cell paradigm and how changes in our understanding of the bidirectional nature of cancer cell differentiation may affect the selection and timing of antineoplastic therapy. The goal is to determine how to best administer therapies potentially targeted against the cancer stem cell state in the context of established treatment regimens, and to evaluate long-term effects beyond tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Donnenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Jung DE, Kim JM, Kim C, Song SY. Embigin is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and regulates cell motility through epithelial to mesenchymal transition via the TGF-β pathway. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:633-45. [PMID: 25773908 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Embigin is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein. There have been reports of Embigin involvement in neuromuscular junction formation and plasticity; however, the molecular functions of Embigin in other organs are unknown. Our aim was to investigate the possible role of Embigin in pancreatic cancer. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues, Embigin expression was higher than that in normal pancreatic tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed expression of Embigin in pancreatic cancer cells, as well as expression of monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) in cancer tissues. To gain further insight, we transfected BxPC-3 and HPAC pancreatic cancer cells with siRNA or shRNA targeting Embigin and observed reductions in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, wound healing, and reduced levels of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9. Silencing of Embigin increased intracellular L-lactate concentration by 1.5-fold and decreased MCT2 levels at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, Embigin silencing led to a reduced expression of PI3K, GSK3-β, and Snail/Slug. Upon treating BxPC-3 cells with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), we observed elevated expression of Snail/Slug, Embigin, and Vimentin; meanwhile, when treating cells with SB-216763, a GSK3-β inhibitor, we noted decreases in GSK3-β, Snail/Slug, and Embigin expression, suggesting that the TGF-β signaling cascade, comprising PI3K, GSK3-β, Snail/Slug, and Embigin signals, mediates epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic cancer cells. These findings indicate the involvement of Embigin in EMT in pancreatic cancer progression and suggest Embigin as a putative target for the detection and/or treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon E Jung
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Mi Kim
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chanyang Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Si Young Song
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Li S, Wang L, Zhao Q, Liu Y, He L, Xu Q, Sun X, Teng L, Cheng H, Ke Y. SHP2 positively regulates TGFβ1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition modulated by its novel interacting protein Hook1. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:34152-60. [PMID: 25331952 PMCID: PMC4256348 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.546077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential process for embryogenesis. It also plays a critical role in the initiation of tumor metastasis. Src homology 2 (SH2)-domain containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) is a ubiquitously expressed protein-tyrosine phosphatase and is mutated in many tumors. However, its functional role in tumor metastasis remains largely unknown. We found that TGFβ1-induced EMT in lung epithelial A549 cells was partially blocked when SHP2 was decreased by transfected siRNA. The constitutively active form (E76V) promoted EMT while the phosphatase-dead mutation (C459S) and the SHP2 inhibitor PHPS1 blocked EMT, which further demonstrated that the phosphatase activity of SHP2 was required for promoting TGFβ1-induced EMT. Using the protein-tyrosine phosphatase domain of SHP2 as bait, we identified a novel SHP2-interacting protein Hook1. Hook1 was down-regulated during EMT in A549 cells. Overexpression of Hook1 inhibited EMT while knockdown of Hook1 promoted EMT. Moreover, both the protein-tyrosine phosphatase domain and N-terminal SH2 domain of SHP2 directly interacted with Hook1. Down-regulation of Hook1 increased SHP2 activity. These results suggested that Hook1 was an endogenous negative regulator of SHP2 phosphatase activity. Our data showed that the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 was involved in the process of EMT and Hook1 repressed EMT by regulating the activation of SHP2. SHP2-Hook1 complex may play important roles in tumor metastases by regulating EMT in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuomin Li
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linrun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China, and
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China, and
| | - Yu Liu
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingjuan He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China, and
| | - Qinqin Xu
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xu Sun
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Teng
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yuehai Ke
- From the Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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Liu X, Huang H, Remmers N, Hollingsworth MA. Loss of E-cadherin and epithelial to mesenchymal transition is not required for cell motility in tissues or for metastasis. Tissue Barriers 2014; 2:e969112. [PMID: 25610757 PMCID: PMC4292045 DOI: 10.4161/21688362.2014.969112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of E-cadherin has been long considered to be a major hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and has been reported in various cancers. P120 catenin regulates E-cadherin stability on the cell surface and also plays a role in intracellular signaling by modulating nuclear transcription. We recently characterized the nature of interactions between p120 catenin and Mucin 1 (MUC1) in pancreatic cancer. Expression of different p120 catenin isoforms with and without MUC1 induced distinct morphologies, cell adhesion, and dynamic properties of motility along with different metastatic properties in vivo. Re-expression of p120 catenin isoform 3A in the context of MUC1 expression in a p120 catenin-deficient cell line stabilized expression of E-cadherin. However, orthotopic implantation of tumors using this stable cell line produced large metastatic lesions to the liver, which exceeded the volume of the primary tumor, suggesting down regulation of E-cadherin is not required for tumor metastasis. Here we extend those studies by showing that ectopic expression of E-cadherin does not block in vitro invasion of the pancreatic cancer cells, and instead accelerated the rate of tumor invasion. Furthermore, results from 23 cases of human pancreatic primary tumor specimens revealed that most tumors exhibiting metastatic activity retained epithelial morphology and E-cadherin gene expression. Our results indicate that loss of E-cadherin and EMT are not required for metastasis and that an epithelial morphology can be maintained during the process of tumor cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology; Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic ; Jacksonville, FL USA ; Eppley Institute For Research in Cancer and Allied Disease; University of Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha, NE USA
| | - Huocong Huang
- Department of Biochemisty and Molecular Biology; University of Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha, NE USA
| | - Neeley Remmers
- Department of General Surgery; Veterans Administration; University of Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha, NE USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute For Research in Cancer and Allied Disease; University of Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha, NE USA
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Ma B, Wells A. The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) are involved in hepatocyte-mediated phenotypic switching in prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11153-11161. [PMID: 24619413 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.540237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest challenge for the seeding of cancer in metastatic sites is integration into the ectopic microenvironment despite the lack of an orthotopic supportive environment and presence of pro-death signals concomitant with a localized "foreign-body" inflammatory response. In this metastatic location, many carcinoma cells display a reversion of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that marks dissemination in the primary tumor mass. This mesenchymal to epithelial reverting transition (MErT) is thought to help seeding and colonization by protecting against cell death. We have previously shown that hepatocyte coculture induces the re-expression of E-cadherin via abrogation of autocrine EGFR signaling pathway in prostate cancer (PCa) cells and that this confers a survival advantage. Herein, we show that hepatocytes educate PCa to undergo MErT by modulating the activity of p38 and ERK1/2. Hepatocytes inhibited p38 and ERK1/2 activity in prostate cancer cells, which allowed E-cadherin re-expression. Introduction of constitutively active MEK6 and MEK1 to DU145 cells cocultured with hepatocytes abrogated E-cadherin re-expression. At least a partial phenotypic reversion can be achieved by suppression of p38 and ERK1/2 activation in DU145 cells even in the absence of hepatocytes. Interestingly, these mitogen-activated protein kinase activities were also triggered by re-expressed E-cadherin leading to p38 and ERK1/2 activity in PCa cells; these signals provide protection to PCa cells upon challenge with chemotherapy and cell death-inducing cytokines. We propose that distinct p38/ERK pathways are related to E-cadherin levels and function downstream of E-cadherin allowing, respectively, for hepatocyte-mediated MErT and tumor cell survival in the face of death signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261.
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Zeng L, Wang G, Ummarino D, Margariti A, Xu Q, Xiao Q, Wang W, Zhang Z, Yin X, Mayr M, Cockerill G, Li JYS, Chien S, Hu Y, Xu Q. Histone deacetylase 3 unconventional splicing mediates endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition through transforming growth factor β2. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31853-66. [PMID: 24045946 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.463745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) plays a critical role in the maintenance of endothelial integrity and other physiological processes. In this study, we demonstrated that HDAC3 undergoes unconventional splicing during stem cell differentiation. Four different splicing variants have been identified, designated as HD3α, -β, -γ, and -δ, respectively. HD3α was confirmed in stem cell differentiation by specific antibody against the sequences from intron 12. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that the HD3α isoform co-localized with CD31-positive or α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells at different developmental stages of mouse embryos. Overexpression of HD3α reprogrammed human aortic endothelial cells into mesenchymal cells featuring an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) phenotype. HD3α directly interacts with HDAC3 and Akt1 and selectively activates transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2) secretion and cleavage. TGFβ2 functioned as an autocrine and/or paracrine EndMT factor. The HD3α-induced EndMT was both PI3K/Akt- and TGFβ2-dependent. This study provides the first evidence of the role of HDAC3 splicing in the maintenance of endothelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Zeng
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Cold Harbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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Balanis N, Wendt MK, Schiemann BJ, Wang Z, Schiemann WP, Carlin CR. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition promotes breast cancer progression via a fibronectin-dependent STAT3 signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17954-67. [PMID: 23653350 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.475277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously established that overexpression of the EGF receptor (EGFR) is sufficient to induce tumor formation by otherwise nontransformed mammary epithelial cells, and that the initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is capable of increasing the invasion and metastasis of these cells. Using this breast cancer (BC) model, we find that in addition to EGF, adhesion to fibronectin (FN) activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) through EGFR-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Importantly, EMT facilitated a signaling switch from SRC-dependent EGFR:STAT3 signaling in pre-EMT cells to EGFR-independent FN:JAK2:STAT3 signaling in their post-EMT counterparts, thereby sensitizing these cells to JAK2 inhibition. Accordingly, human metastatic BC cells that failed to activate STAT3 downstream of EGFR did display robust STAT3 activity upon adhesion to FN. Furthermore, FN enhanced outgrowth in three-dimensional organotypic cultures via a mechanism that is dependent upon β1 integrin, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and STAT3 but not EGFR. Collectively, our data demonstrate that matrix-initiated signaling is sufficient to drive STAT3 activation, a reaction that is facilitated by EMT during BC metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Balanis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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