251
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Hu XH, Dai J, Shang HL, Zhao ZX, Hao YD. miR-1285-3p is a potential prognostic marker in human osteosarcoma and functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting YAP1. Cancer Biomark 2019; 25:1-10. [PMID: 31006663 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-180013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the major advances in the treatment, the overall survival of osteosarcoma remains poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis and progression though modulating their target genes. In the present study, the roles of miR-1285-3p in osteosarcoma was investigated. METHODS Microarray profiling was applied to distinguish the up and down regulated microRNAs in osteosarcoma. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was performed to detect the expression of miR-1285-3p and YAP1 expression. MTT and transwell assays were carried out to determine the cells proliferation and invasion respectively. Moreover, dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to evaluate the binding efficiency between miR-1285-3p and the 3'UTR of YAP1. RESULTS MiR-1285-3p was down regulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines and the reduction of miR-1285-3p expression predicted a poor overall survival of osteosarcoma patients. Ectopic expression of miR-1285-3p inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion. In addition, YAP1 was further demonstrated as a direct target of miR-1285-3p. Moreover, overexpression of YAP1 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-1285-3p on osteosarcoma cells proliferation and invasion. CONCLUSIONS MiR-1285-3p which was low expressed in osteosarcoma inhibited the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells via direct targeting YAP1. These results suggested that miR-1285-3p might be a potential therapeutic targets and biomarker in osteosarcoma.
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252
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Tu B, Yao J, Ferri-Borgogno S, Zhao J, Chen S, Wang Q, Yan L, Zhou X, Zhu C, Bang S, Chang Q, Bristow CA, Kang Y, Zheng H, Wang H, Fleming JB, Kim M, Heffernan TP, Draetta GF, Pan D, Maitra A, Yao W, Gupta S, Ying H. YAP1 oncogene is a context-specific driver for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130811. [PMID: 31557131 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomic profiling classifies pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) into several molecular subtypes with distinctive histological and clinical characteristics. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that define each subtype and their correlation with clinical outcome. Mutant KRAS is the most prominent driver in PDAC, present in over 90% of tumors, but the dependence of tumors on oncogenic KRAS signaling varies between subtypes. In particular, the squamous subtype is relatively independent of oncogenic KRAS signaling and typically displays much more aggressive clinical behavior versus the progenitor subtype. Here, we identified that yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) activation is enriched in the squamous subtype and associated with poor prognosis. Activation of YAP1 in progenitor subtype cancer cells profoundly enhanced malignant phenotypes and transformed progenitor subtype cells into squamous subtype. Conversely, depletion of YAP1 specifically suppressed tumorigenicity of squamous subtype PDAC cells. Mechanistically, we uncovered a significant positive correlation between WNT5A expression and YAP1 activity in human PDAC and demonstrated that WNT5A overexpression led to YAP1 activation and recapitulated a YAP1-dependent but Kras-independent phenotype of tumor progression and maintenance. Thus, our study identifies YAP1 oncogene as a major driver of squamous subtype PDAC and uncovers the role of WNT5A in driving PDAC malignancy through activation of the YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Department
| | - Jun Yao
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Department
| | - Sammy Ferri-Borgogno
- Pathology Department, and.,Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - Liang Yan
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Department
| | - Xin Zhou
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Department.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Cihui Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Department
| | - Seungmin Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Qing Chang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science and
| | | | - Ya'an Kang
- Surgical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hongwu Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jason B Fleming
- Surgical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Kim
- Surgical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Giulio F Draetta
- Genomic Medicine Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Pathology Department, and.,Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wantong Yao
- Genomic Medicine Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Translational Molecular Pathology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Pathology Department, and.,Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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253
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Coggins GE, Farrel A, Rathi KS, Hayes CM, Scolaro L, Rokita JL, Maris JM. YAP1 Mediates Resistance to MEK1/2 Inhibition in Neuroblastomas with Hyperactivated RAS Signaling. Cancer Res 2019; 79:6204-6214. [PMID: 31672841 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Relapsed neuroblastomas are enriched with activating mutations of the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. The MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib delays tumor growth but does not sustain regression in neuroblastoma preclinical models. Recent studies have implicated the Hippo pathway transcriptional coactivator protein YAP1 as an additional driver of relapsed neuroblastomas, as well as a mediator of trametinib resistance in other cancers. Here, we used a highly annotated set of high-risk neuroblastoma cellular models to modulate YAP1 expression and RAS pathway activation to test whether increased YAP1 transcriptional activity is a mechanism of MEK1/2 inhibition resistance in RAS-driven neuroblastomas. In NLF (biallelic NF1 inactivation) and SK-N-AS (NRAS Q61K) cell lines, trametinib caused a near-complete translocation of YAP1 protein into the nucleus. YAP1 depletion sensitized neuroblastoma cells to trametinib, while overexpression of constitutively active YAP1 protein induced trametinib resistance. Mechanistically, significant enhancement of G1-S cell-cycle arrest, mediated by depletion of MYC/MYCN and E2F transcriptional output, sensitized RAS-driven neuroblastomas to trametinib following YAP1 deletion. These findings underscore the importance of YAP activity in response to trametinib in RAS-driven neuroblastomas, as well as the potential for targeting YAP in a trametinib combination. SIGNIFICANCE: High-risk neuroblastomas with hyperactivated RAS signaling escape the selective pressure of MEK inhibition via YAP1-mediated transcriptional reprogramming and may be sensitive to combination therapies targeting both YAP1 and MEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Coggins
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alvin Farrel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Komal S Rathi
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Colin M Hayes
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura Scolaro
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jo Lynne Rokita
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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254
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Hein AL, Brandquist ND, Ouellette CY, Seshacharyulu P, Enke CA, Ouellette MM, Batra SK, Yan Y. PR55α regulatory subunit of PP2A inhibits the MOB1/LATS cascade and activates YAP in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:63. [PMID: 31659153 PMCID: PMC6817822 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PP2A holoenzyme complexes are responsible for the majority of Ser/Thr phosphatase activities in human cells. Each PP2A consists of a catalytic subunit (C), a scaffold subunit (A), and a regulatory subunit (B). While the A and C subunits each exists only in two highly conserved isoforms, a large number of B subunits share no homology, which determines PP2A substrate specificity and cellular localization. It is anticipated that different PP2A holoenzymes play distinct roles in cellular signaling networks, whereas PP2A has only generally been defined as a putative tumor suppressor, which is mostly based on the loss-of-function studies using pharmacological or biological inhibitors for the highly conserved A or C subunit of PP2A. Recent studies of specific pathways indicate that some PP2A complexes also possess tumor-promoting functions. We have previously reported an essential role of PR55α, a PP2A regulatory subunit, in the support of oncogenic phenotypes, including in vivo tumorigenicity/metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. In this report, we have elucidated a novel role of PR55α-regulated PP2A in the activation of YAP oncoprotein, whose function is required for anchorage-independent growth during oncogenesis of solid tumors. Our data show two lines of YAP regulation by PR55α: (1) PR55α inhibits the MOB1-triggered autoactivation of LATS1/2 kinases, the core member of the Hippo pathway that inhibits YAP by inducing its proteasomal degradation and cytoplasmic retention and (2) PR55α directly interacts with and regulates YAP itself. Accordingly, PR55α is essential for YAP-promoted gene transcriptions, as well as for anchorage-independent growth, in which YAP plays a key role. In summary, current findings demonstrate a novel YAP activation mechanism based on the PR55α-regulated PP2A phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Hein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nichole D Brandquist
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Caroline Y Ouellette
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Charles A Enke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michel M Ouellette
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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255
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Wu Y, Hou Y, Xu P, Deng Y, Liu K, Wang M, Tian T, Dai C, Li N, Hao Q, Song D, Zhou LH, Dai Z. The prognostic value of YAP1 on clinical outcomes in human cancers. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8681-8700. [PMID: 31613226 PMCID: PMC6814621 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: As an important downstream factor in the Hippo pathway, yes-associated protein 1(YAP1) has been detected to be elevated in various cancers and demonstrated to play a role in tumor development. Therefore, we evaluated by a meta-analysis the prognostic value of YAP1 in cancer patients. Results: Sixty-eight studies with 8631 patients were identified. The results indicated that YAP1 overexpression predicted unfavorable patient prognosis in studies with overall survival (OS) (HR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.50-2.06, p<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.22-1.59, p<0.001), as well as in studies with recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR=2.38, 95%CI: 1.73-3.27, p<0.001), and disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.55-2.70, p<0.001). Meanwhile, YAP1 overexpression was also observed to be significantly associated with worse OS in GEPIA (HR=1.2, p<0.001). Conclusions: Overexpression of YAP1 showed great association with poorer prognosis in patients with various cancers, particularly liver cancer. Therefore, YAP1 might be an important prognostic marker and a novel target of cancer therapy. Methods: We searched for potential publications in several online databases and retrieved relevant data. Overall and subgroup analyses were performed. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to assess publication bias. Online dataset GEPIA was used to generate the survival curves and verify the prognostic role of YAP1 in patients with tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanshen Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 3rd Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Tumor Hospital), Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cong Dai
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dingli Song
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Hui Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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256
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Arner EN, Du W, Brekken RA. Behind the Wheel of Epithelial Plasticity in KRAS-Driven Cancers. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1049. [PMID: 31681587 PMCID: PMC6798880 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity, a feature associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), contributes to tumor cell survival, migration, invasion, and therapy resistance. Phenotypic plasticity of the epithelium is a critical feature in multiple phases of human cancer in an oncogene- and tissue-specific context. Many factors can drive epithelial plasticity, including activating mutations in KRAS, which are found in an estimated 30% of all cancers. In this review, we will introduce cellular plasticity and its effect on cancer progression and therapy resistance and then summarize the drivers of EMT with an emphasis on KRAS effector signaling. Lastly, we will discuss the contribution of cellular plasticity to metastasis and its potential clinical implications. Understanding oncogenic KRAS cellular reprogramming has the potential to reveal novel strategies to control metastasis in KRAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Arner
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Department of Surgery and the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Wenting Du
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Department of Surgery and the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Department of Surgery and the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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257
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Haley JA, Ruiz CF, Montal ED, Wang D, Haley JD, Girnun GD. Decoupling of Nrf2 Expression Promotes Mesenchymal State Maintenance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101488. [PMID: 31581742 PMCID: PMC6826656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition is a common mechanism leading to metastatic dissemination and cancer progression. In an effort to better understand this process we found an intersection of Nrf2/NLE2F2 (Nrf2), epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metabolic alterations using multiple in vitro and in vivo approaches. Nrf2 is a key transcription factor controlling the expression of redox regulators to establish cellular redox homeostasis. Nrf2 has been shown to exert both cancer inhibitory and stimulatory activities. Using multiple isogenic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, we observed a reduction of Nrf2 protein and activity in a prometastatic mesenchymal cell state and increased reactive oxygen species. Knockdown of Nrf2 promoted a mesenchymal phenotype and reduced glycolytic, TCA cycle and lipogenic output from both glucose and glutamine in the isogenic cell models; while overexpression of Nrf2 promoted a more epithelial phenotype and metabolic reactivation. In both Nrf2 knockout mice and in NSCLC patient samples, Nrf2low was co-correlated with markedly decreased expression of glycolytic, lipogenic, and mesenchymal RNAs. Conversely, Nrf2high was associated with partial mesenchymal epithelial transition and increased expression of metabolic RNAs. The impact of Nrf2 on epithelial and mesenchymal cancer cell states and metabolic output provide an additional context to Nrf2 function in cancer initiation and progression, with implications for therapeutic inhibition of Nrf2 in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Haley
- Departments of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Christian F Ruiz
- Departments of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Emily D Montal
- Departments of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Daifeng Wang
- Bioinformatics and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - John D Haley
- Departments of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Geoffrey D Girnun
- Departments of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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258
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Sanna L, Piredda R, Marchesi I, Bordoni V, Forcales SV, Calvisi DF, Bagella L. “Verteporfin exhibits anti-proliferative activity in embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines”. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 312:108813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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259
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Santoro R, Zanotto M, Simionato F, Zecchetto C, Merz V, Cavallini C, Piro G, Sabbadini F, Boschi F, Scarpa A, Melisi D. Modulating TAK1 Expression Inhibits YAP and TAZ Oncogenic Functions in Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:247-257. [PMID: 31562256 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
YAP and TAZ are central determinants of malignancy; however, their functions remain still undruggable. We identified TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) as a central hub integrating the most relevant signals sustaining pancreatic cancer aggressiveness and chemoresistance. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3 is known to stabilize TAK1, and its inhibition causes a reduction in TAK1 levels. Here, we hypothesized that TAK1 could sustain YAP/TAZ program, and thus, modulation of TAK1 expression through the inhibition of GSK3 could impair YAP/TAZ functions in pancreatic cancer.Differentially expressed transcripts between pancreatic cancer cells expressing scramble or TAK1-specific shRNA were annotated for functional interrelatedness by ingenuity pathway analysis. TAK1 expression was modulated by using different GSK3 inhibitors, including LY2090314. In vivo activity of LY2090314 alone or in combination with nab-paclitaxel was evaluated in an orthotopic nude mouse model.Differential gene expression profiling revealed significant association of TAK1 expression with HIPPO and ubiquitination pathways. We measured a significant downregulation of YAP/TAZ and their regulated genes in shTAK1 cells. TAK1 prevented YAP/TAZ proteasomal degradation in a kinase independent manner, through a complex with TRAF6, thereby fostering their K63-ubiquitination versus K48-ubiquitination. Pharmacologic modulation of TAK1 by using GSK3 inhibitors significantly decreased YAP/TAZ levels and suppressed their target genes and oncogenic functions. In vivo, LY2090314 plus nab-paclitaxel significantly prolonged mice survival duration.Our study demonstrates a unique role for TAK1 in controlling YAP/TAZ in pancreatic cancer. LY2090314 is a novel agent that warrants further clinical development in combination with nab-paclitaxel for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Santoro
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Università degli studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Zanotto
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Università degli studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Simionato
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Zecchetto
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Valeria Merz
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavallini
- Research Center LURM, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Medical Research, Università degli studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Geny Piro
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Università degli studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Sabbadini
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Università degli studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, Università degli studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Anatomical Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Università degli studi di Verona, Verona, Italy. .,Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
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260
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Mammoto T, Torisawa YS, Muyleart M, Hendee K, Anugwom C, Gutterman D, Mammoto A. Effects of age-dependent changes in cell size on endothelial cell proliferation and senescence through YAP1. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7051-7069. [PMID: 31487690 PMCID: PMC6756888 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis - the growth of new blood capillaries- is impaired in aging animals. Biophysical factors such as changes in cell size control endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and differentiation. However, the effects of aging on EC size and the mechanism by which changes in cell size control age-dependent decline in EC proliferation are largely unknown. Here, we have demonstrated that aged ECs are larger than young ECs and that age-dependent increases in EC size control EC proliferation and senescence through CDC42-Yes-associated protein (YAP1) signaling. Reduction of aged EC size by culturing on single-cell sized fibronectin-coated smaller islands decreases CDC42 activity, stimulates YAP1 nuclear translocation and attenuates EC senescence. Stimulation of YAP1 or inhibition of CDC42 activity in aged ECs also restores blood vessel formation. Age-dependent changes in EC size and/or CDC42 and YAP1 activity may be the key control point of age-related decline in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanori Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yu-Suke Torisawa
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Megan Muyleart
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kathryn Hendee
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Charles Anugwom
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - David Gutterman
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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261
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Fresques T, Zirbes A, Shalabi S, Samson S, Preto S, Stampfer MR, LaBarge MA. Breast Tissue Biology Expands the Possibilities for Prevention of Age-Related Breast Cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:174. [PMID: 31555644 PMCID: PMC6722426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing breast cancer before it is able to form is an ideal way to stop breast cancer. However, there are limited existing options for prevention of breast cancer. Changes in the breast tissue resulting from the aging process contribute to breast cancer susceptibility and progression and may therefore provide promising targets for prevention. Here, we describe new potential targets, immortalization and inflammaging, that may be useful for prevention of age-related breast cancers. We also summarize existing studies of warfarin and metformin, current drugs used for non-cancerous diseases, that also may be repurposed for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Fresques
- Department of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Arrianna Zirbes
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Center for Cancer and Aging Research, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Sundus Shalabi
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Center for Cancer and Aging Research, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Medical Research Center, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Susan Samson
- Breast Science Advocacy Core, Breast Oncology Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Martha R Stampfer
- Department of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Mark A LaBarge
- Department of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Center for Cancer and Aging Research, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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262
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Abstract
Nearly two-thirds of cancer patients are treated with radiation therapy (RT), often with the intent to achieve complete and permanent tumor regression (local control). RT is the primary treatment modality used to achieve local control for many malignancies, including locally advanced cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, and lung cancer. The addition of concurrent platinum-based radiosensitizing chemotherapy improves local control and patient survival. Enhanced outcomes with concurrent chemoradiotherapy may result from increased direct killing of tumor cells and effects on nontumor cell populations. Many patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy exhibit a decline in neutrophil count, but the effects of neutrophils on radiation therapy are controversial. To investigate the clinical significance of neutrophils in the response to RT, we examined patient outcomes and circulating neutrophil counts in cervical cancer patients treated with definitive chemoradiation. Although pretreatment neutrophil count did not correlate with outcome, lower absolute neutrophil count after starting concurrent chemoradiotherapy was associated with higher rates of local control, metastasis-free survival, and overall survival. To define the role of neutrophils in tumor response to RT, we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to deplete neutrophils in an autochthonous mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma. Neutrophil depletion prior to image-guided focal irradiation improved tumor response to RT. Our results indicate that neutrophils promote resistance to radiation therapy. The efficacy of chemoradiotherapy may depend on the impact of treatment on peripheral neutrophil count, which has the potential to serve as an inexpensive and widely available biomarker.
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263
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Murakami S, Nemazanyy I, White SM, Chen H, Nguyen CDK, Graham GT, Saur D, Pende M, Yi C. A Yap-Myc-Sox2-p53 Regulatory Network Dictates Metabolic Homeostasis and Differentiation in Kras-Driven Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas. Dev Cell 2019; 51:113-128.e9. [PMID: 31447265 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Employing inducible genetically engineered and orthotopic mouse models, we demonstrate a key role for transcriptional regulator Yap in maintenance of Kras-mutant pancreatic tumors. Integrated transcriptional and metabolomics analysis reveals that Yap transcribes Myc and cooperates with Myc to maintain global transcription of metabolic genes. Yap loss triggers acute metabolic stress, which causes tumor regression while inducing epigenetic reprogramming and Sox2 upregulation in a subset of pancreatic neoplastic cells. Sox2 restores Myc expression and metabolic homeostasis in Yap-deficient neoplastic ductal cells, which gradually re-differentiate into acinar-like cells, partially restoring pancreatic parenchyma in vivo. Both the short-term and long-term effects of Yap loss in inducing cell death and re-differentiation, respectively, are blunted in advanced, poorly differentiated p53-mutant pancreatic tumors. Collectively, these findings reveal a highly dynamic and interdependent metabolic, transcriptional, and epigenetic regulatory network governed by Yap, Myc, Sox2, and p53 that dictates pancreatic tumor metabolism, growth, survival, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Murakami
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Shannon M White
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hengye Chen
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chan D K Nguyen
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Garrett T Graham
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Translational Cancer Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario Pende
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chunling Yi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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264
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Yang H, Liang SQ, Xu D, Yang Z, Marti TM, Gao Y, Kocher GJ, Zhao H, Schmid RA, Peng RW. HSP90/AXL/eIF4E-regulated unfolded protein response as an acquired vulnerability in drug-resistant KRAS-mutant lung cancer. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:45. [PMID: 31431614 PMCID: PMC6702198 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance and tumor heterogeneity are formidable challenges in cancer medicine, which is particularly relevant for KRAS-mutant cancers, the epitome of malignant tumors recalcitrant to targeted therapy efforts and first-line chemotherapy. In this study, we delineate that KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells resistant to pemetrexed (MTA) and anti-MEK drug trametinib acquire an exquisite dependency on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling, rendering resistant cancer cells selectively susceptible to blockage of HSP90, the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Mechanistically, acquisition of drug resistance enables KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells to bypass canonical KRAS effectors but entail hyperactive AXL/eIF4E, increased protein turnover in the ER, and adaptive activation of an ER stress-relief UPR survival pathway whose integrity is maintained by HSP90. Notably, the unique dependency and sensitivity induced by drug resistance are applicable to KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells undergoing de novo intratumor heterogeneity. In line with these findings, HSP90 inhibitors synergistically enhance antitumor effects of MTA and trametinib, validating a rational combination strategy to treat KRAS-mutant lung cancer. Collectively, these results uncover collateral vulnerabilities co-occurring with drug resistance and tumor heterogeneity, informing novel therapeutic avenues for KRAS-mutant lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitang Yang
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shun-Qing Liang
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zhang Yang
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Marti
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yanyun Gao
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregor J Kocher
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Ralph A Schmid
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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265
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Sethunath V, Hu H, De Angelis C, Veeraraghavan J, Qin L, Wang N, Simon LM, Wang T, Fu X, Nardone A, Pereira R, Nanda S, Griffith OL, Tsimelzon A, Shaw C, Chamness GC, Reis-Filho JS, Weigelt B, Heiser LM, Hilsenbeck SG, Huang S, Rimawi MF, Gray JW, Osborne CK, Schiff R. Targeting the Mevalonate Pathway to Overcome Acquired Anti-HER2 Treatment Resistance in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2318-2330. [PMID: 31420371 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite effective strategies, resistance in HER2+ breast cancer remains a challenge. While the mevalonate pathway (MVA) is suggested to promote cell growth and survival, including in HER2+ models, its potential role in resistance to HER2-targeted therapy is unknown. Parental HER2+ breast cancer cells and their lapatinib-resistant and lapatinib + trastuzumab-resistant derivatives were used for this study. MVA activity was found to be increased in lapatinib-resistant and lapatinib + trastuzumab-resistant cells. Specific blockade of this pathway with lipophilic but not hydrophilic statins and with the N-bisphosphonate zoledronic acid led to apoptosis and substantial growth inhibition of R cells. Inhibition was rescued by mevalonate or the intermediate metabolites farnesyl pyrophosphate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, but not cholesterol. Activated Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and mTORC1 signaling, and their downstream target gene product Survivin, were inhibited by MVA blockade, especially in the lapatinib-resistant/lapatinib + trastuzumab-resistant models. Overexpression of constitutively active YAP rescued Survivin and phosphorylated-S6 levels, despite blockade of the MVA. These results suggest that the MVA provides alternative signaling leading to cell survival and resistance by activating YAP/TAZ-mTORC1-Survivin signaling when HER2 is blocked, suggesting novel therapeutic targets. MVA inhibitors including lipophilic statins and N-bisphosphonates may circumvent resistance to anti-HER2 therapy warranting further clinical investigation. IMPLICATIONS: The MVA was found to constitute an escape mechanism of survival and growth in HER2+ breast cancer models resistant to anti-HER2 therapies. MVA inhibitors such as simvastatin and zoledronic acid are potential therapeutic agents to resensitize the tumors that depend on the MVA to progress on anti-HER2 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyalakshmi Sethunath
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Huizhong Hu
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jamunarani Veeraraghavan
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lanfang Qin
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicholas Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lukas M Simon
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Agostina Nardone
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Resel Pereira
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarmistha Nanda
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Obi L Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anna Tsimelzon
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chad Shaw
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gary C Chamness
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Laura M Heiser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mothaffar F Rimawi
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - C Kent Osborne
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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266
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Yan H, Li H, Silva MA, Guan Y, Yang L, Zhu L, Zhang Z, Li G, Ren C. LncRNA FLVCR1-AS1 mediates miR-513/YAP1 signaling to promote cell progression, migration, invasion and EMT process in ovarian cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:356. [PMID: 31412903 PMCID: PMC6694549 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be associated with the proliferation of several cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of FLVCR1-AS1 in ovarian serous cancer (OSC). Methods FLVCR1-AS1 expression was determined in human OSC tissues, serums and cell lines. The role of FLVCR1-AS1 knockdown or overexpression on OSC cell growth, migration, invasion, apoptosis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated in vitro using CCK8, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay and western blot assay. Besides, luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify interactions among FLVCR1-AS1 and its target genes. Moreover, the in vivo effects were investigated using immunocompromised NSG female mice. Results In this study, FLVCR1-AS1 expression was upregulated in OSC tissues, serums, and cells. Knockdown FLVCR1-AS1 decreased cell growth, migration, invasion, and EMT, as well as increased apoptosis in OSC cells, whereas, overexpression of FLVCR1-AS1 increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT, and decreased apoptosis of OSC cells. Besides, FLVCR1-AS1 directly bound to miR-513 and downregulated its expression. Moreover, FLVCR1-AS1 reversed the effect of miR-513 on the OSC cell growth, which might be associated with the role of YAP1. Furthermore, in terms of mechanism, FLVCR1-AS1 promoted EMT in OSC cells. Finally, mice models further confirmed that knockdown FLVCR1-AS1 distinctly suppressed cell growth and EMT in vivo. Conclusion Taken together, FLVCR1-AS1 mediated miR-513/YAP1 signaling to promote cell progression, migration, invasion and EMT process in OSC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Front Kangfu Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Front Kangfu Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Maria A Silva
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yichun Guan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Front Kangfu Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Genxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Front Kangfu Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Front Kangfu Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
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267
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Raj N, Bam R. Reciprocal Crosstalk Between YAP1/Hippo Pathway and the p53 Family Proteins: Mechanisms and Outcomes in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:159. [PMID: 31448276 PMCID: PMC6695833 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The YAP1/Hippo and p53 pathways are critical protectors of genome integrity in response to DNA damage. Together, these pathways secure cellular adaptation and maintain overall tissue integrity through transcriptional re-programing downstream of various environmental and biological cues generated during normal tissue growth, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Genetic perturbations in YAP1/Hippo and p53 pathways are known to contribute to the cells’ ability to turn rogue and initiate tumorigenesis. The Hippo and p53 pathways cooperate on many levels and are closely coordinated through multiple molecular components of their signaling pathways. Several functional and physical interactions have been reported to occur between YAP1/Hippo pathway components and the three p53 family members, p53, p63, and p73. Primarily, functional status of p53 family proteins dictates the subcellular localization, protein stability and transcriptional activity of the core component of the Hippo pathway, Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). In this review, we dissect the critical points of crosstalk between the YAP1/Hippo pathway components, with a focus on YAP1, and the p53 tumor suppressor protein family. For each p53 family member, we discuss the biological implications of their interaction with Hippo pathway components in determining cell fate under the conditions of tissue homeostasis and cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Raj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rakesh Bam
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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268
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EMT and Stemness-Key Players in Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081136. [PMID: 31398893 PMCID: PMC6721598 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis and tumor progression are the major cause of death in patients suffering from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Tumor growth and especially dissemination are typically associated with activation of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. This phenotypic transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal state promotes migration and survival both during development and in cancer progression. When re-activated in pathological contexts such as cancer, this type of developmental process confers additional stemness properties to specific subsets of cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem-like features that are responsible for the propagation of the tumor as well as therapy resistance and cancer relapse, but also for circulating tumor cell release and metastasis. In support of this concept, EMT transcription factors generate cells with stem cell properties and mediate chemoresistance. However, their role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastasis remains controversial. As such, a better characterization of CSC populations will be crucial in future development of therapies targeting these cells. In this review, we will discuss the latest updates on the mechanisms common to pancreas development and CSC-mediated tumor progression.
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269
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Hsu PC, Jablons DM, Yang CT, You L. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Pathway, Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) and the Regulation of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153821. [PMID: 31387256 PMCID: PMC6695603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is a well-studied oncogenic pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A subset of advanced NSCLC patients (15–55%) have EGFR-driven mutations and benefit from treatment with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PDL-1 axis are a new anti-cancer therapy for metastatic NSCLC. The anti-PD-1/PDL-1 ICIs showed promising efficacy (~30% response rate) and improved the survival of patients with metastatic NSCLC, but the role of anti-PD-1/PDL-1 ICIs for EGFR mutant NSCLC is not clear. YAP (yes-associated protein) is the main mediator of the Hippo pathway and has been identified as promoting cancer progression, drug resistance, and metastasis in NSCLC. Here, we review recent studies that examined the correlation between the EGFR, YAP pathways, and PD-L1 and demonstrate the mechanism by which EGFR and YAP regulate PD-L1 expression in human NSCLC. About 50% of EGFR mutant NSCLC patients acquire resistance to EGFR-TKIs without known targetable secondary mutations. Targeting YAP therapy is suggested as a potential treatment for NSCLC with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Future work should focus on the efficacy of YAP inhibitors in combination with immune checkpoint PD-L1/PD-1 blockade in EGFR mutant NSCLC without targetable resistant mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chih Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - David M Jablons
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Liang You
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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270
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Zheng Y, Pan D. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Development and Disease. Dev Cell 2019; 50:264-282. [PMID: 31386861 PMCID: PMC6748048 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway regulates diverse physiological processes, and its dysfunction has been implicated in an increasing number of human diseases, including cancer. Here, we provide an updated review of the Hippo pathway; discuss its roles in development, homeostasis, regeneration, and diseases; and highlight outstanding questions for future investigation and opportunities for Hippo-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA.
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271
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Abstract
YAP and TAZ are transcriptional activators pervasively induced in several human solid tumours and their functions in cancer cells are the focus of intense investigation. These studies established that YAP and TAZ are essential to trigger numerous cell-autonomous responses, such as sustained proliferation, cell plasticity, therapy resistance and metastasis. Yet tumours are complex entities, wherein cancer cells are just one of the components of a composite "tumour tissue". The other component, the tumour stroma, is composed of an extracellular matrix with aberrant mechanical properties and other cell types, including cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells. The stroma entertains multiple and bidirectional interactions with tumour cells, establishing dependencies essential to unleash tumorigenesis. The molecular players of such interplay remain partially understood. Here, we review the emerging role of YAP and TAZ in choreographing tumour-stromal interactions. YAP and TAZ act within tumour cells to orchestrate responses in stromal cells. Vice versa, YAP and TAZ in stromal cells trigger effects that positively feed back on the growth of tumour cells. Recognizing YAP and TAZ as a hub of the network of signals exchanged within the tumour microenvironment provides a fresh perspective on the molecular principles of tumour self-organization, promising to unveil numerous new vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Padua, Italy.
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272
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Kim JW, Abudayyeh OO, Yeerna H, Yeang CH, Stewart M, Jenkins RW, Kitajima S, Konieczkowski DJ, Medetgul-Ernar K, Cavazos T, Mah C, Ting S, Van Allen EM, Cohen O, Mcdermott J, Damato E, Aguirre AJ, Liang J, Liberzon A, Alexe G, Doench J, Ghandi M, Vazquez F, Weir BA, Tsherniak A, Subramanian A, Meneses-Cime K, Park J, Clemons P, Garraway LA, Thomas D, Boehm JS, Barbie DA, Hahn WC, Mesirov JP, Tamayo P. Decomposing Oncogenic Transcriptional Signatures to Generate Maps of Divergent Cellular States. Cell Syst 2019; 5:105-118.e9. [PMID: 28837809 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The systematic sequencing of the cancer genome has led to the identification of numerous genetic alterations in cancer. However, a deeper understanding of the functional consequences of these alterations is necessary to guide appropriate therapeutic strategies. Here, we describe Onco-GPS (OncoGenic Positioning System), a data-driven analysis framework to organize individual tumor samples with shared oncogenic alterations onto a reference map defined by their underlying cellular states. We applied the methodology to the RAS pathway and identified nine distinct components that reflect transcriptional activities downstream of RAS and defined several functional states associated with patterns of transcriptional component activation that associates with genomic hallmarks and response to genetic and pharmacological perturbations. These results show that the Onco-GPS is an effective approach to explore the complex landscape of oncogenic cellular states across cancers, and an analytic framework to summarize knowledge, establish relationships, and generate more effective disease models for research or as part of individualized precision medicine paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wook Kim
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Omar O Abudayyeh
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Huwate Yeerna
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Yeang
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Michelle Stewart
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Russell W Jenkins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shunsuke Kitajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David J Konieczkowski
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kate Medetgul-Ernar
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA
| | - Taylor Cavazos
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA
| | - Clarence Mah
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA
| | - Stephanie Ting
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ofir Cohen
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John Mcdermott
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Emily Damato
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan Liang
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Arthur Liberzon
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gabriella Alexe
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John Doench
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mahmoud Ghandi
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Francisca Vazquez
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Barbara A Weir
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aviad Tsherniak
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aravind Subramanian
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Karina Meneses-Cime
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA
| | - Jason Park
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA
| | - Paul Clemons
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Levi A Garraway
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David Thomas
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jesse S Boehm
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David A Barbie
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jill P Mesirov
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Cancer Program, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA.
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273
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Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhou W, Chen T, Wu Q, Chutturghoon VK, Lin B, Geng L, Yang Z, Zhou L, Zheng S. YAP promotes multi-drug resistance and inhibits autophagy-related cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma via the RAC1-ROS-mTOR pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:179. [PMID: 31337986 PMCID: PMC6626386 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-drug resistance is the major cause of chemotherapy failure in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). YAP, a critical effector of the Hippo pathway, has been shown to contribute to the progression, metastasis and invasion of cancers. However, the potential role of YAP in mediating drug resistance remains obscure. Methods RT-qPCR and western blot were used to assess YAP expression in HCC cell lines. CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry, a xenograft tumour model, immunochemistry and GFP-mRFP-LC3 fusion proteins were utilized to evaluate the effect of YAP on multi-drug resistance, intracellular ROS production and the autophagy of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Autophagy inhibitor and rescue experiments were carried out to elucidate the mechanism by which YAP promotes chemoresistance in HCC cells. Results We found that BEL/FU, a typical HCC cell line with chemoresistance, exhibited overexpression of YAP. Moreover, the inhibition of YAP by shRNA or verteporfin conferred the sensitivity of BEL/FU cells to chemotherapeutic agents through autophagy-related cell death in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, YAP silencing significantly enhanced autophagic flux by increasing RAC1-driven ROS, which contributed to the inactivation of mTOR in HCC cells. In addition, the antagonist of autophagy reversed the enhanced effect of YAP silencing on cell death under treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. Conclusion Our findings suggested that YAP upregulation endowed HCC cells with multi-drug resistance via the RAC1-ROS-mTOR pathway, resulting in the repression of autophagy-related cell death. The blockade of YAP may serve as a promising novel therapeutic strategy for overcoming chemoresistance in HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0898-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wuhua Zhou
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,6Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Tianchi Chen
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinchuan Wu
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Vikram Kumar Chutturghoon
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingyi Lin
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Geng
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- 1Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,3Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China.,4Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.,5Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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274
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Li J, Yao M, Zhu X, Li Q, He J, Chen L, Wang W, Zhu C, Shen T, Cao R, Fang C. YAP-Induced Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Submucous Fibrosis. J Dent Res 2019; 98:920-929. [PMID: 31282845 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519851804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant disorder. Current studies have shown that chewing areca nut is considered the main cause of OSF, and endothelial-mesenchymal transformation (EndMT) participates in the occurrence and development of the fibrotic lesion. However, the specific molecular mechanisms and treatments remain unclear. Here, we report the mechanism of arecoline-induced EndMT and the importance of this mechanism in OSF, and we also identify potential therapeutics for decreasing OSF incidence. We demonstrate the overexpression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in human samples and that it was significantly associated with OSF pathologic stage. Arecoline activated YAP by increasing reactive oxygen species levels and inducing the PERK pathway (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3), resulting in the initiation of EndMT and leading to OSF. Verteporfin, a YAP–TEA domain pathway inhibitor, suppressed EndMT and decreased collagen accumulation, resulting in the alleviation of OSF in mice. These data indicate that arecoline regulates the activity of YAP and highlight an alternative method for treating OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - M. Yao
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - X. Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Q. Li
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - J. He
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - L. Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - W. Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - C. Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - T. Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - R. Cao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - C. Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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275
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Braitsch CM, Azizoglu DB, Htike Y, Barlow HR, Schnell U, Chaney CP, Carroll TJ, Stanger BZ, Cleaver O. LATS1/2 suppress NFκB and aberrant EMT initiation to permit pancreatic progenitor differentiation. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000382. [PMID: 31323030 PMCID: PMC6668837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway directs cell differentiation during organogenesis, in part by restricting proliferation. How Hippo signaling maintains a proliferation-differentiation balance in developing tissues via distinct molecular targets is only beginning to be understood. Our study makes the unexpected finding that Hippo suppresses nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) signaling in pancreatic progenitors to permit cell differentiation and epithelial morphogenesis. We find that pancreas-specific deletion of the large tumor suppressor kinases 1 and 2 (Lats1/2PanKO) from mouse progenitor epithelia results in failure to differentiate key pancreatic lineages: acinar, ductal, and endocrine. We carried out an unbiased transcriptome analysis to query differentiation defects in Lats1/2PanKO. This analysis revealed increased expression of NFκB activators, including the pantetheinase vanin1 (Vnn1). Using in vivo and ex vivo studies, we show that VNN1 activates a detrimental cascade of processes in Lats1/2PanKO epithelium, including (1) NFκB activation and (2) aberrant initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which together disrupt normal differentiation. We show that exogenous stimulation of VNN1 or NFκB can trigger this cascade in wild-type (WT) pancreatic progenitors. These findings reveal an unexpected requirement for active suppression of NFκB by LATS1/2 during pancreas development, which restrains a cell-autonomous deleterious transcriptional program and thereby allows epithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Braitsch
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - D. Berfin Azizoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yadanar Htike
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Haley R. Barlow
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Schnell
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Chaney
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Department of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
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276
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Disanza A, Bisi S, Frittoli E, Malinverno C, Marchesi S, Palamidessi A, Rizvi A, Scita G. Is cell migration a selectable trait in the natural evolution of cancer development? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180224. [PMID: 31431177 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective evolutionary pressure shapes the processes and genes that enable cancer survival and expansion in a tumour-suppressive environment. A distinguishing lethal feature of malignant cancer is its dissemination and seeding of metastatic foci. A key requirement for this process is the acquisition of a migratory/invasive ability. However, how the migratory phenotype is selected for during the natural evolution of cancer and what advantage, if any, it might provide to the growing malignant cells remain open issues. In this opinion piece, we discuss three possible answers to these issues. We will examine lines of evidence from mathematical modelling of cancer evolution that indicate that migration is an intrinsic selectable property of malignant cells that directly impacts on growth dynamics and cancer geometry. Second, we will argue that migratory phenotypes can emerge as an adaptive response to unfavourable growth conditions and endow cells not only with the ability to move/invade, but also with specific metastatic traits, including drug resistance, self-renewal and survival. Finally, we will discuss the possibility that migratory phenotypes are coincidental events that emerge by happenstance in the natural evolution of cancer. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Disanza
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Bisi
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Frittoli
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Malinverno
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology-DIPO, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Marchesi
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Palamidessi
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Abrar Rizvi
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology-DIPO, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology-DIPO, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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277
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Murugan AK, Grieco M, Tsuchida N. RAS mutations in human cancers: Roles in precision medicine. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:23-35. [PMID: 31255772 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ras proteins play a crucial role as a central component of the cellular networks controlling a variety of signaling pathways that regulate growth, proliferation, survival, differentiation, adhesion, cytoskeletal rearrangements and motility of a cell. Almost, 4 decades passed since Ras research was started and ras genes were originally discovered as retroviral oncogenes. Later on, mutations of the human RAS genes were linked to tumorigenesis. Genetic analyses found that RAS is one of the most deregulated oncogenes in human cancers. In this review, we summarize the pioneering works which allowed the discovery of RAS oncogenes, the finding of frequent mutations of RAS in various human cancers, the role of these mutations in tumorigenesis and mutation-activated signaling networks. We further describe the importance of RAS mutations in personalized or precision medicine particularly in molecular targeted therapy, as well as their use as diagnostic and prognostic markers as therapeutic determinants in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan
- Department of Molecular Cellular Oncology and Microbiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549 Japan.
| | - Michele Grieco
- DiSTABiF, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, via Vivaldi 43, Caserta 81100 Italy
| | - Nobuo Tsuchida
- Department of Molecular Cellular Oncology and Microbiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549 Japan.
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278
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Wang P, Zhang H, Yang J, Li Z, Wang Y, Leng X, Ganapathy S, Isakson P, Chen C, Zhu T. Mu‐KRAS attenuates Hippo signaling pathway through PKCι to sustain the growth of pancreatic cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:408-420. [PMID: 31230347 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- Department of Immunology West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Immunology West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Jinhe Yang
- Department of Immunology West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Zongxian Li
- Department of Immunology West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yiren Wang
- Department of Immunology West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xiaohong Leng
- Department of Immunology West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Suthakar Ganapathy
- The Center of Drug Discovery Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts
| | - Pauline Isakson
- Clinical Immunology & Transfusion Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Changyan Chen
- The Center of Drug Discovery Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts
| | - Tongbo Zhu
- Department of Immunology West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
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279
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Chung SY, Huang WC, Chen ZS, Chao TC, Su Y. Elucidation of the mechanism underlying CD44v6-induced transformation of IEC-6 normal intestinal epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:194-209. [PMID: 31219187 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transformation abilities of CD44s and CD44v6 in normal intestinal epithelial cells have not yet been reported. Herein, we established both CD44s and CD44v6 overexpressing stable clones from rat IEC-6 cells and demonstrated that the CD44v6 clones had higher saturation density and anchorage independence. Additionally, CD44v6 clones were more resistant to oxaliplatin and irinotecan which might be attributed to a significantly increased B-cell lymphoma 2 level and a reduced DNA damage response in these cells. Moreover, c-Met and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signalings were involved in modulating the saturation density in CD44v6 clones. Interestingly, higher activation of both AKT and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were detected in CD44v6 clones which might account in part for the cell density-independent nuclear localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP). To no surprise, increases of both saturation density and anchorage independence in CD44v6 clones were markedly diminished by PI3K, AKT, MEK, and ERK inhibitors as well as YAP knockdown. By contrast, overexpression of a constitutively active YAP robustly increased the aforementioned phenotypes in IEC-6 cells. Collectively, our results suggest that upregulation of CD44v6, but not CD44s, induces the transformation of normal intestinal epithelial cells possibly via activating the c-Met/AKT/YAP pathway which might also explain the important role of CD44v6 in the initiation of various carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Chung
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chen Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zong-Siang Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ta-Chung Chao
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Min University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yeu Su
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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280
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Hsu PC, Tian B, Yang YL, Wang YC, Liu S, Urisman A, Yang CT, Xu Z, Jablons DM, You L. Cucurbitacin E inhibits the Yes‑associated protein signaling pathway and suppresses brain metastasis of human non‑small cell lung cancer in a murine model. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:697-707. [PMID: 31233205 PMCID: PMC6610039 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with an extremely poor prognosis especially for the 40% of patients who develop brain metastasis, and few treatment strategies exist. Cucurbitacin E (CuE), an oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenoid isolated from plants particularly of the family Cucurbitaceae, has shown anti-tumorigenic properties in several types of cancer, yet the mechanism remains unclear. Yes-associated protein (YAP), a main mediator of the Hippo signaling pathway, promotes tumorigenesis, drug resistance and metastasis in human NSCLC. The present study was designed to ascertain whether CuE inhibits YAP and its downstream gene expression in the human NSCLC cell lines H2030-BrM3 (K-rasG12C mutation) and PC9-BrM3 (EGFRΔexon19 mutation), which have high potential for brain metastasis. The efficacy of CuE in suppressing brain metastasis of H2030-BrM3 cells in a murine model was also investigated. It was found that after CuE treatment in H2030-BrM3 and PC9-BrM3 cells, YAP protein expression was decreased, and YAP signaling GTIIC reporter activity and expression of the downstream genes CTGF and CYR61 were significantly (P<0.01) decreased. CuE treatment also reduced the migration and invasion abilities of the H2030-BrM3 and PC9-BrM3 cells. Finally, our in vivo study showed that CuE treatment (0.2 mg/kg) suppressed H2030-BrM3 cell brain metastasis and that mice treated with CuE survived longer than the control mice treated with 10% DMSO (P=0.02). The present study is the first to demonstrate that CuE treatment inhibits YAP and the signaling downstream gene expression in human NSCLC in vitro, and suppresses brain metastasis of NSCLC in a murine model. More studies to verify the promising efficacy of CuE in inhibiting brain metastasis of NSCLC and various other cancers may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chih Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Yi-Lin Yang
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Anatoly Urisman
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Zhidong Xu
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - David M Jablons
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Liang You
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
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281
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Gundogdu R, Hergovich A. MOB (Mps one Binder) Proteins in the Hippo Pathway and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060569. [PMID: 31185650 PMCID: PMC6627106 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of MOBs (monopolar spindle-one-binder proteins) is highly conserved in the eukaryotic kingdom. MOBs represent globular scaffold proteins without any known enzymatic activities. They can act as signal transducers in essential intracellular pathways. MOBs have diverse cancer-associated cellular functions through regulatory interactions with members of the NDR/LATS kinase family. By forming additional complexes with serine/threonine protein kinases of the germinal centre kinase families, other enzymes and scaffolding factors, MOBs appear to be linked to an even broader disease spectrum. Here, we review our current understanding of this emerging protein family, with emphases on post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and cellular processes that are possibly linked to cancer and other diseases. In particular, we summarise the roles of MOBs as core components of the Hippo tissue growth and regeneration pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Gundogdu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Bingol University, 12000 Bingol, Turkey.
| | - Alexander Hergovich
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, United Kingdom.
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282
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Han X, Sun T, Hong J, Wei R, Dong Y, Huang D, Chen J, Ren X, Zhou H, Tian W, Jia Y. Nonreceptor tyrosine phosphatase 14 promotes proliferation and migration through regulating phosphorylation of YAP of Hippo signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17723-17730. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Jia Hong
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Yingzi Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Xiyun Ren
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Yunhe Jia
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
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283
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Adams CR, Htwe HH, Marsh T, Wang AL, Montoya ML, Subbaraj L, Tward AD, Bardeesy N, Perera RM. Transcriptional control of subtype switching ensures adaptation and growth of pancreatic cancer. eLife 2019; 8:45313. [PMID: 31134896 PMCID: PMC6538376 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a heterogeneous disease comprised of a basal-like subtype with mesenchymal gene signatures, undifferentiated histopathology and worse prognosis compared to the classical subtype. Despite their prognostic and therapeutic value, the key drivers that establish and control subtype identity remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PDA subtypes are not permanently encoded, and identify the GLI2 transcription factor as a master regulator of subtype inter-conversion. GLI2 is elevated in basal-like PDA lines and patient specimens, and forced GLI2 activation is sufficient to convert classical PDA cells to basal-like. Mechanistically, GLI2 upregulates expression of the pro-tumorigenic secreted protein, Osteopontin (OPN), which is especially critical for metastatic growth in vivo and adaptation to oncogenic KRAS ablation. Accordingly, elevated GLI2 and OPN levels predict shortened overall survival of PDA patients. Thus, the GLI2-OPN circuit is a driver of PDA cell plasticity that establishes and maintains an aggressive variant of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Adams
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Htet Htwe Htwe
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Timothy Marsh
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Aprilgate L Wang
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Megan L Montoya
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Lakshmipriya Subbaraj
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Aaron D Tward
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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284
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Zhou H, Li G, Huang S, Feng Y, Zhou A. SOX9 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway in gastric carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:599-608. [PMID: 31289532 PMCID: PMC6546990 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SRY-box 9 (SOX9) is overexpressed in a number of human tumors, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the function of SOX9 in the development of GC remains unknown. In the present study, SOX9 activated the Hippo-yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway to enhance the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in GC cell lines. The results suggested that SOX9 knockdown inhibited invasion, proliferation and migration of GC cells. Furthermore, SOX9 silencing upregulated the expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker, and downregulated the expression of mesenchymal markers, including snail family transcriptional repressor 1, vimentin and N-cadherin. SOX9 overexpression increased the expression of the aforementioned markers. SOX9 significantly affected YAP phosphorylation and total YAP protein levels, suggesting that SOX9 is involved in the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. The current study revealed that SOX9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of GC, and further elucidation of the pathways involved may support the development of novel therapeutic options for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Lianshui, Huaian, Jiangsu 223400, P.R. China
| | - Guiqin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Lianshui, Huaian, Jiangsu 223400, P.R. China
| | - Shu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Lianshui, Huaian, Jiangsu 223400, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Aijun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Lianshui, Huaian, Jiangsu 223400, P.R. China
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285
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Cruz da Silva E, Dontenwill M, Choulier L, Lehmann M. Role of Integrins in Resistance to Therapies Targeting Growth Factor Receptors in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050692. [PMID: 31109009 PMCID: PMC6562376 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins contribute to cancer progression and aggressiveness by activating intracellular signal transduction pathways and transducing mechanical tension forces. Remarkably, these adhesion receptors share common signaling networks with receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and support their oncogenic activity, thereby promoting cancer cell proliferation, survival and invasion. During the last decade, preclinical studies have revealed that integrins play an important role in resistance to therapies targeting RTKs and their downstream pathways. A remarkable feature of integrins is their wide-ranging interconnection with RTKs, which helps cancer cells to adapt and better survive therapeutic treatments. In this context, we should consider not only the integrins expressed in cancer cells but also those expressed in stromal cells, since these can mechanically increase the rigidity of the tumor microenvironment and confer resistance to treatment. This review presents some of these mechanisms and outlines new treatment options for improving the efficacy of therapies targeting RTK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Cruz da Silva
- UMR 7021 CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France.
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- UMR 7021 CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France.
| | - Laurence Choulier
- UMR 7021 CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France.
| | - Maxime Lehmann
- UMR 7021 CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France.
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286
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Kim CL, Choi SH, Mo JS. Role of the Hippo Pathway in Fibrosis and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050468. [PMID: 31100975 PMCID: PMC6562634 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is the key player in various signaling processes, including organ development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. This pathway comprises a core kinases module and transcriptional activation module, representing a highly conserved mechanism from Drosophila to vertebrates. The central MST1/2-LATS1/2 kinase cascade in this pathway negatively regulates YAP/TAZ transcription co-activators in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Nuclear YAP/TAZ bind to transcription factors to stimulate gene expression, contributing to the regenerative potential and regulation of cell growth and death. Recent studies have also highlighted the potential role of Hippo pathway dysfunctions in the pathology of several diseases. Here, we review the functional characteristics of the Hippo pathway in organ fibrosis and tumorigenesis, and discuss its potential as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Long Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Sue-Hee Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Jung-Soon Mo
- Genomic Instability Research Center (GIRC), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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287
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Hayes TK, Luo F, Cohen O, Goodale AB, Lee Y, Pantel S, Bagul M, Piccioni F, Root DE, Garraway LA, Meyerson M, Johannessen CM. A Functional Landscape of Resistance to MEK1/2 and CDK4/6 Inhibition in NRAS-Mutant Melanoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2352-2366. [PMID: 30819666 PMCID: PMC7227487 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial inhibition of MEK1/2 and CDK4/6 is currently undergoing clinical investigation in NRAS-mutant melanoma. To prospectively map the landscape of resistance to this investigational regimen, we utilized a series of gain- and loss-of-function forward genetic screens to identify modulators of resistance to clinical inhibitors of MEK1/2 and CDK4/6 alone and in combination. First, we identified NRAS-mutant melanoma cell lines that were dependent on NRAS for proliferation and sensitive to MEK1/2 and CDK4/6 combination treatment. We then used a genome-scale ORF overexpression screen and a CRISPR knockout screen to identify modulators of resistance to each inhibitor alone or in combination. These orthogonal screening approaches revealed concordant means of achieving resistance to this therapeutic modality, including tyrosine kinases, RAF, RAS, AKT, and PI3K signaling. Activated KRAS was sufficient to cause resistance to combined MEK/CDK inhibition and to replace genetic depletion of oncogenic NRAS. In summary, our comprehensive functional genetic screening approach revealed modulation of resistance to the inhibition of MEK1/2, CDK4/6, or their combination in NRAS-mutant melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal that NRAS-mutant melanomas can acquire resistance to genetic ablation of NRAS or combination MEK1/2 and CDK4/6 inhibition by upregulating activity of the RTK-RAS-RAF and RTK-PI3K-AKT signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tikvah K Hayes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Flora Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ofir Cohen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amy B Goodale
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yenarae Lee
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sasha Pantel
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mukta Bagul
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Federica Piccioni
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David E Root
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Levi A Garraway
- Eli Lilly Oncology, Eli Lilly Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Cory M Johannessen
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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288
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Tahmasebi-Birgani MJ, Teimoori A, Ghadiri A, Mansoury-Asl H, Danyaei A, Khanbabaei H. Fractionated radiotherapy might induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition and radioresistance in a cellular context manner. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8601-8610. [PMID: 30485518 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that radiotherapy is a main therapeutic modality in cancer treatment, recent evidence suggests that fractionated radiotherapy (FR) might confer radioresistance through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Nevertheless, the effects of FR on EMT phenotype and the potential link between EMT induction and radioresistance development yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to assess whether FR could promote EMT, and to elucidate if induction of EMT contributes to the acquisition of radioresistance. To this end, two human cancer cell lines (A549 and HT-29) were irradiated (2 Gy/day) and analyzed using wound healing, transwell migration and invasion assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction (for E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, CD44, CD133, Snail, and Twist), clonogenic assay, Annexin V/PI, and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Irradiation of A549 (for 5 or 10 consecutive days) resulted in morphological changes including elongation of cytoplasm and nuclei and pleomorphic nuclei. Also, irradiation-enhanced migratory and invasive potential of A549. These phenotypic changes were in agreement with decreased expression of the epithelial marker (E-cadherin), enhanced expression of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, and Twist) and increased stemness factors (CD44 and CD133). Moreover, induction of EMT phenotype was accompanied with enhanced radioresistance and proliferation of irradiated A549. However, FR (for 5 consecutive days) did not increase HT-29 motility. Furthermore, molecular alterations did not resemble EMT phenotype (downregulation of E-cadherin, Vimentin, ALDH, CD44, CD133, and Snail). Eventually, FR led to enhanced radiosensitivity and decreased proliferation of HT-29. Altogether, our findings suggest that FR might induce EMT and confer radioresistance in a cell context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Halime Mansoury-Asl
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Danyaei
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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289
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Calses PC, Crawford JJ, Lill JR, Dey A. Hippo Pathway in Cancer: Aberrant Regulation and Therapeutic Opportunities. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:297-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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290
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Rojek KO, Krzemień J, Doleżyczek H, Boguszewski PM, Kaczmarek L, Konopka W, Rylski M, Jaworski J, Holmgren L, Prószyński TJ. Amot and Yap1 regulate neuronal dendritic tree complexity and locomotor coordination in mice. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000253. [PMID: 31042703 PMCID: PMC6513106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The angiomotin (Amot)-Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1) complex plays a major role in regulating the inhibition of cell contact, cellular polarity, and cell growth in many cell types. However, the function of Amot and the Hippo pathway transcription coactivator Yap1 in the central nervous system remains unclear. We found that Amot is a critical mediator of dendritic morphogenesis in cultured hippocampal cells and Purkinje cells in the brain. Amot function in developing neurons depends on interactions with Yap1, which is also indispensable for dendrite growth and arborization in vitro. The conditional deletion of Amot and Yap1 in neurons led to a decrease in the complexity of Purkinje cell dendritic trees, abnormal cerebellar morphology, and impairments in motor coordination. Our results indicate that the function of Amot and Yap1 in dendrite growth does not rely on interactions with TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factors or the expression of Hippo pathway-dependent genes. Instead, Amot and Yap1 regulate dendrite development by affecting the phosphorylation of S6 kinase and its target S6 ribosomal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna O. Rojek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Krzemień
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Doleżyczek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł M. Boguszewski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Konopka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Rylski
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz J. Prószyński
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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291
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Rozengurt E, Eibl G. Central role of Yes-associated protein and WW-domain-containing transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif in pancreatic cancer development. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:1797-1816. [PMID: 31057295 PMCID: PMC6478619 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i15.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a deadly disease with no efficacious treatment options. PDAC incidence is projected to increase, which may be caused at least partially by the obesity epidemic. Significantly enhanced efforts to prevent or intercept this cancer are clearly warranted. Oncogenic KRAS mutations are recognized initiating events in PDAC development, however, they are not entirely sufficient for the development of fully invasive PDAC. Additional genetic alterations and/or environmental, nutritional, and metabolic signals, as present in obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, and inflammation, are required for full PDAC formation. We hypothesize that oncogenic KRAS increases the intensity and duration of the growth-promoting signaling network. Recent exciting studies from different laboratories indicate that the activity of the transcriptional co-activators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW-domain-containing transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) play a critical role in the promotion and maintenance of PDAC operating as key downstream target of KRAS signaling. While initially thought to be primarily an effector of the tumor-suppressive Hippo pathway, more recent studies revealed that YAP/TAZ subcellular localization and co-transcriptional activity is regulated by multiple upstream signals. Overall, YAP has emerged as a central node of transcriptional convergence in growth-promoting signaling in PDAC cells. Indeed, YAP expression is an independent unfavorable prognostic marker for overall survival of PDAC. In what follows, we will review studies implicating YAP/TAZ in pancreatic cancer development and consider different approaches to target these transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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292
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Yang J, Ryan DJ, Lan G, Zou X, Liu P. In vitro establishment of expanded-potential stem cells from mouse pre-implantation embryos or embryonic stem cells. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:350-378. [PMID: 30617351 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and embryology studies have demonstrated that mouse pre-implantation embryo development is a process of progressive cell fate determination. At the time of implantation, three cell lineages are present in the developing blastocyst: the trophectoderm (TE), the epiblast (Epi) and the primitive endoderm (PrE). From these early embryo cells, trophoblast stem (TS) cells, embryonic stem (ES) cells and extra-embryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells can be derived. Recently, we derived stem cells with blastomere-like features from mouse cleavage-stage embryos, which we named expanded-potential stem cells (EPSCs). Here, we provide detailed protocols that describe how to establish EPSCs from single eight-cell-stage blastomeres or whole eight-cell pre-implantation mouse embryos, or by conversion of mouse ES cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells reprogrammed from fibroblasts. It takes 2-3 weeks to derive EPSCs from each cell source. The EPSCs derived from these protocols can differentiate into all embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages when implanted into chimeras. Furthermore, bona fide TS and XEN cell lines can be derived from EPSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
| | | | - Guocheng Lan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiangang Zou
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK. .,Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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293
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Sun Z, Ou C, Liu J, Chen C, Zhou Q, Yang S, Li G, Wang G, Song J, Li Z, Zhang Z, Yuan W, Li X. YAP1-induced MALAT1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis by sponging miR-126-5p in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2019; 38:2627-2644. [PMID: 30531836 PMCID: PMC6484768 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) exerts significant effects in various malignancies. However, the oncogenic role of YAP1 remains controversial, and the mechanism by which YAP1 regulates non-coding RNAs is still largely unknown. The present study aimed to assess the effect of YAP1 on the malignant behaviors of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and explore the underlying regulatory mechanism of the YAP1-MALAT1-miR-126-5p axis. YAP1 was highly expressed in CRC tissues as assessed by GSE20916 and its expression was negatively correlated with overall survival in 83 CRC cases. Meanwhile, YAP1 promoted proliferation, invasion, and migration in colon cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo. MALAT1 was obviously expressed, with differential expression of 11 lncRNAs in HCT116 cells after transfection with siYAP1 or si-Ctl. Based on bioinformatics prediction, immunoprecipitation (IP), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), the interaction of YAP1 with TCF4/β-catenin was regulated by MALAT1. Bioinformatics prediction, dual luciferase assay, RNA-IP, and RNA pull-down assay demonstrated that YAP1-induced MALAT1 promoted the expression of metastasis-associated molecules such as VEGFA, SLUG, and TWIST, by sponging miR-126-5p in CRC. These findings indicated that the YAP1-MALAT1-miR-126-5p axis could control angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in CRC, providing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Shuaixi Yang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Guixian Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Junmin Song
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
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294
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Review: Precision medicine and driver mutations: Computational methods, functional assays and conformational principles for interpreting cancer drivers. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006658. [PMID: 30921324 PMCID: PMC6438456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
At the root of the so-called precision medicine or precision oncology, which is our focus here, is the hypothesis that cancer treatment would be considerably better if therapies were guided by a tumor’s genomic alterations. This hypothesis has sparked major initiatives focusing on whole-genome and/or exome sequencing, creation of large databases, and developing tools for their statistical analyses—all aspiring to identify actionable alterations, and thus molecular targets, in a patient. At the center of the massive amount of collected sequence data is their interpretations that largely rest on statistical analysis and phenotypic observations. Statistics is vital, because it guides identification of cancer-driving alterations. However, statistics of mutations do not identify a change in protein conformation; therefore, it may not define sufficiently accurate actionable mutations, neglecting those that are rare. Among the many thematic overviews of precision oncology, this review innovates by further comprehensively including precision pharmacology, and within this framework, articulating its protein structural landscape and consequences to cellular signaling pathways. It provides the underlying physicochemical basis, thereby also opening the door to a broader community.
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295
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Nguyen CDK, Yi C. YAP/TAZ Signaling and Resistance to Cancer Therapy. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:283-296. [PMID: 31174841 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major challenge in cancer treatment. Emerging evidence indicates that deregulation of YAP/TAZ signaling may be a major mechanism of intrinsic and acquired resistance to various targeted and chemotherapies. Moreover, YAP/TAZ-mediated expression of PD-L1 and multiple cytokines is pivotal for tumor immune evasion. While direct inhibitors of YAP/TAZ are still under development, FDA-approved drugs that indirectly block YAP/TAZ activation or critical downstream targets of YAP/TAZ have shown promise in the clinic in reducing therapy resistance. Finally, BET inhibitors, which reportedly block YAP/TAZ-mediated transcription, present another potential venue to overcome YAP/TAZ-induced drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan D K Nguyen
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chunling Yi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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296
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Oliver-De La Cruz J, Nardone G, Vrbsky J, Pompeiano A, Perestrelo AR, Capradossi F, Melajová K, Filipensky P, Forte G. Substrate mechanics controls adipogenesis through YAP phosphorylation by dictating cell spreading. Biomaterials 2019; 205:64-80. [PMID: 30904599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanoregulated proteins YAP/TAZ are involved in the adipogenic/osteogenic switch of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSC fate decision can be unbalanced by controlling substrate mechanics, in turn altering the transmission of tension through cell cytoskeleton. MSCs have been proposed for orthopedic and reconstructive surgery applications. Thus, a tight control of their adipogenic potential is required in order to avoid their drifting towards fat tissue. Substrate mechanics has been shown to drive MSC commitment and to regulate YAP/TAZ protein shuttling and turnover. The mechanism by which YAP/TAZ co-transcriptional activity is mechanically regulated during MSC fate acquisition is still debated. Here, we design few bioengineering tools suited to disentangle the contribution of mechanical from biological stimuli to MSC adipogenesis. We demonstrate that the mechanical repression of YAP happens through its phosphorylation, is purely mediated by cell spreading downstream of substrate mechanics as dictated by dimensionality. YAP repression is sufficient to prompt MSC adipogenesis, regardless of a permissive biological environment, TEAD nuclear presence or focal adhesion stabilization. Finally, by harnessing the potential of YAP mechanical regulation, we propose a practical example of the exploitation of adipogenic transdifferentiation in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Oliver-De La Cruz
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Giorgia Nardone
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vrbsky
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Pompeiano
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Rubina Perestrelo
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Capradossi
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Melajová
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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297
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Yap-Hippo promotes A549 lung cancer cell death via modulating MIEF1-related mitochondrial stress and activating JNK pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108754. [PMID: 30875659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of Yes-associated protein (Yap) has been described in the progression of lung cancer, the downstream effector of the Yap-Hippo pathway has not been identified. Accordingly, the aim of our study is to explore whether Yap modulates the activity of lung cancer by controlling mitochondrial elongation factor 1 (MIEF1)-related mitochondrial stress in a manner dependent on the JNK pathway. Cell viability was determined via MTT, LDH release and immunofluorescence assays. ATP production, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase-9 activity were investigated to assess mitochondrial function. siRNA transfection and pathway blockers were used to observe the roles of MIEF1 and JNK in Yap-modulated cell viability in lung cancer cells in vitro. Yap deletion reduced cell viability in A549 and H358 lung cancer cells. At the molecular level, Yap deletion promoted mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by the decreased mitochondrial potential, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, augmented mitochondrial pro-apoptotic factor leakage and elevated caspase-9 activity. In addition, we found that Yap modulated mitochondrial stress via MIEF1 and that loss of MIEF1 abolished the regulatory actions of Yap on mitochondrial stress and cell viability. Besides, we provided evidence to support the necessary role of JNK in Yap-mediated MIEF1 upregulation. Inhibition of JNK abolished the promotive effect of Yap deletion on MIEF1 activation. Taken together, our results identified the JNK-MIEF1 pathway and mitochondrial stress as downstream effectors of Yap in lung cancer. This finding suggests a novel approach for the treatment of lung cancer in clinical practice.
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298
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Xu H, Zhou S, Xia H, Yu H, Tang Q, Bi F. MEK nuclear localization promotes YAP stability via sequestering β-TrCP in KRAS mutant cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2400-2415. [PMID: 30833665 PMCID: PMC6889282 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumours manage to survive the ablation of mutant KRAS, despite the development of KRAS-targeted drugs. Here we describe that inhibition of mutant KRAS promotes MEK nuclear localization as an alternative mechanism of KRAS-targeted drugs resistance. Tissue microarray analysis in colon tumours shows that aberrant MEK nuclear localization is closely related to YAP levels and tumour malignancy. MEK nuclear localization could sequester β-TrCP from cytoplasmic inactive YAP, then stabilizing YAP. Mutant KRAS restrains MEK within the cytoplasm via IQGAP1, inhibiting MEK nuclear translocation. Trametinib, an allosteric MEK inhibitor, could prevent MEK nuclear localization and subsequently promote YAP degradation. In vitro and in vivo results suggests that inhibition of MEK nuclear localization by trametinib synergizes with KRAS knockdown or deltarasin treatment in suppressing the viability of KRAS mutant colon cancer cells. Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms of resistance to KRAS ablation, and suggests novel strategies for the treatment of KRAS-mutant colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanji Xu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Hongwei Xia
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Huangfei Yu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Qiulin Tang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Feng Bi
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
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299
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Chen X, Li S, Yu Z, Tan W. Yes-associated protein 1 promotes bladder cancer invasion by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:1070-1077. [PMID: 31933921 PMCID: PMC6945140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the expression of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in bladder cancer, and to study its role in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of YAP1, vimentin, and E-cadherin was detected by immunohistochemistry in bladder cancer and para-carcinoma tissues. The relation between expression levels and overall survival of patients was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier estimates. Furthermore, YAP1 expression was knocked down in T24 and UMUC3 bladder cancer through transfection with YAP1-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA), and the impact on invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition was detected. RESULTS Expression levels of YAP1 were higher in bladder cancer tissues, and increased YAP1 expression significantly correlated with poor patient outcomes and poor overall survival in bladder cancer patients. Furthermore, YAP1 siRNA significantly attenuated the invasion of bladder cancer cells and could reverse their epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSION YAP1 appears to play an important role in bladder cancer progression and is highlighted as a novel potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Chen
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai People’s HospitalZhuhai, P. R. China
| | - Shi Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Yu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wanlong Tan
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, P. R. China
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300
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Chatterjee N, Bivona TG. Polytherapy and Targeted Cancer Drug Resistance. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:170-182. [PMID: 30898264 PMCID: PMC6446041 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A current challenge in cancer treatment is drug resistance. Even the most effective therapies often fail to produce a complete and durable tumor response and ultimately give rise to therapy resistance and tumor relapse. However, how resistance arises in cancer remains incompletely understood. While drug resistance in cancer is thought to be driven by irreversible genetic mutations, emerging evidence also implicates reversible proteomic and epigenetic mechanisms in the development of drug resistance. Tumor microenvironment-mediated mechanisms and tumor heterogeneity can significantly contribute to cancer treatment resistance. Here, we discuss the diverse and dynamic strategies that cancers use to evade drug response, the promise of upfront combination and intermittent therapies and therapy switching in forestalling resistance, and epigenetic reprogramming to combat resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Chatterjee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16(th) Street, Box 2140, Genentech Hall, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16(th) Street, Box 2140, Genentech Hall, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16(th) Street, Box 2140, Genentech Hall, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16(th) Street, Box 2140, Genentech Hall, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16(th) Street, Box 2140, Genentech Hall, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16(th) Street, Box 2140, Genentech Hall, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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