251
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Brown BN, Haschak MJ, Lopresti ST, Stahl EC. Effects of age-related shifts in cellular function and local microenvironment upon the innate immune response to implants. Semin Immunol 2017; 29:24-32. [PMID: 28539184 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The host macrophage response is now well recognized as a predictor of the success or failure of biomaterial implants following placement. More specifically, shifts from an "M1" pro-inflammatory towards a more "M2-like" anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization profile have been shown to result in enhanced material integration and/or tissue regeneration downstream. As a result, a number of biomaterials-based approaches to controlling macrophage polarization have been developed. However, the ability to promote such activity is predicated upon an in-depth, context-dependent understanding of the host response to biomaterials. Recent work has shown the impacts of both tissue location and tissue status (i.e. underlying pathology) upon the host innate immune response to implants, representing a departure from a focus upon implant material composition and form. Thus, the ideas of "biocompatibility," the host macrophage reaction, and ideal material requirements and modification strategies may need to be revisited on a patient, tissue, and disease basis. Immunosenescence, dysregulation of macrophage function, and delayed resolution of immune responses in aged individuals have all been demonstrated, suggesting that the host response to biomaterials in aged individuals should differ from that in younger individuals. However, despite the increasing usage of implantable medical devices in aged patients, few studies examining the effects of aging upon the host response to biomaterials and the implications of this response for long-term integration and function have been performed. The objective of the present manuscript is to review the putative effects of aging upon the host response to implanted materials and to advance the hypothesis that age-related changes in the local microenvrionement, with emphasis on the extracellular matrix, play a previously unrecognized role in determining the host response to implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan N Brown
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Martin J Haschak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Samuel T Lopresti
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Stahl
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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252
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Deering TF, Chang C, Snyder C, Natarajan SK, Matheny R. Enhanced Antimicrobial Effects of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix (CorMatrix) with Added Vancomycin and Gentamicin for Device Implant Protection. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2017; 40:615-623. [PMID: 28240419 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections has risen significantly over the past years. Although several devices are currently available to decrease the incidence of infection, most are made from nonviable synthetic material and are more prone to infection than vascularized tissue. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to assess the resistance to infection of the CorMatrix CanGaroo (CorMatrix Cardiovascular, Roswell, GA, USA), a CIED envelope made of decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrated in different antibiotic solutions. METHODS This study was comprised of two in vitro tests and one animal trial. For all the tests, the ECM was hydrated in a mixture of vancomycin (25 mg/mL) and gentamicin (20 mg/mL) or gentamicin alone (40 mg/mL). The drug elution characteristics were assessed followed by the effectiveness of CanGaroo to prevent the bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in culture. Then, the direct inoculation of pacemaker implant pockets with both Staphylococcus species was performed in rabbits implanted with either a pacemaker alone or a pacemaker with antibiotic-soaked CorMatrix ECM pouches. RESULTS The hydration of CanGaroo envelopes in both antibiotic mixtures resulted in antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus species, with an early bolus release of antibiotics followed by a slow release lasting for up to 6 days. In vivo, there was a substantial decrease in the occurrence of infection. CONCLUSIONS The hydration of the CanGaroo ECM with an antibiotic solution prevented Staphylococcus species growth in vitro and substantially reduced the incidence of CIED pocket infections in an in vivo rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Deering
- Clinical Centers of Excellence & Arrhythmia Center of Excellence, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, Georgia.,Cardiovascular Services, Piedmont Atlanta Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
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253
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Chung L, Maestas DR, Housseau F, Elisseeff JH. Key players in the immune response to biomaterial scaffolds for regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 114:184-192. [PMID: 28712923 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The compatibility of biomaterials is critical to their structural and biological function in medical applications. The immune system is the first responder to tissue trauma and to a biomaterial implant. The innate immune effector cells, most notably macrophages, play a significant role in the defense against foreign bodies and the formation of a fibrous capsule around synthetic implants. Alternatively, macrophages participate in the pro-regenerative capacity of tissue-derived biological scaffolds. Research is now elucidating the role of the adaptive immune system, and T cells in particular, in directing macrophage response to synthetic and biological materials. Here, we review basic immune cell types and discuss recent research on the role of the immune system in tissue repair and its potential relevance to scaffold design. We will also discuss new emerging immune cell types relevant to biomaterial responses and tissue repair. Finally, prospects for specifically targeting and modulating the immune response to biomaterial scaffolds for enhancing tissue repair and regeneration will be presented.
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254
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Kelly SH, Shores LS, Votaw NL, Collier JH. Biomaterial strategies for generating therapeutic immune responses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 114:3-18. [PMID: 28455189 PMCID: PMC5606982 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials employed to raise therapeutic immune responses have become a complex and active field. Historically, vaccines have been developed primarily to fight infectious diseases, but recent years have seen the development of immunologically active biomaterials towards an expanding list of non-infectious diseases and conditions including inflammation, autoimmunity, wounds, cancer, and others. This review structures its discussion of these approaches around a progression from single-target strategies to those that engage increasingly complex and multifactorial immune responses. First, the targeting of specific individual cytokines is discussed, both in terms of delivering the cytokines or blocking agents, and in terms of active immunotherapies that raise neutralizing immune responses against such single cytokine targets. Next, non-biological complex drugs such as randomized polyamino acid copolymers are discussed in terms of their ability to raise multiple different therapeutic immune responses, particularly in the context of autoimmunity. Last, biologically derived matrices and materials are discussed in terms of their ability to raise complex immune responses in the context of tissue repair. Collectively, these examples reflect the tremendous diversity of existing approaches and the breadth of opportunities that remain for generating therapeutic immune responses using biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H Kelly
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States
| | - Lucas S Shores
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States
| | - Nicole L Votaw
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States
| | - Joel H Collier
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States.
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255
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Teng Y, Li X, Chen Y, Cai H, Cao W, Chen X, Sun Y, Liang J, Fan Y, Zhang X. Extracellular matrix powder from cultured cartilage-like tissue as cell carrier for cartilage repair. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3283-3292. [PMID: 32264394 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00640c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) is a promising material for cartilage repair because of its bioactivity. However, the animal source of ECM unavoidably increases the risk of pathogen infection and the variability of product quality. In this study, we utilized a novel 3D culture method to prepare a new type of artificial decellularized matrix powder (DEMP) for the development of injectable, bioactive, biodegradable cell carriers for cartilage tissue engineering. This culture method combined hanging drop culture with suspension culture method, and was very efficient to produce cartilage-like tissue (CLT). By this method, an initial 2.3 × 106 chondrocyte generated as much as 58.22 mg wet weight CLT at two weeks, which proved to contain abundant glycoaminoglycans (GAGs), type II collagen, and BMP-2 and TGF-β1 growth factors by staining techniques and biochemical analysis. Subsequently, the two-week-old CLT was decellularized to prepare the artificial DEMP. In an in vitro study, it was found that MSCs cultured on DEMP differentiated to chondrocytes very well and secreted rich GAGs and type II collagen at three weeks even without exogenous TGF-β1. The in vivo study demonstrated that the DEMP not only facilitated regeneration of hyaline cartilage, which was implied by the intense staining of GAGs and type II collagen in rabbit subchondral defects at 1 month, but also benefited the regeneration of subchondral bone (bone ingrowth at 1 month: 48.22%) as shown in micro-CT data. Collectively, these results suggest that the artificial DEMP prepared by this culture method holds great potential as a novel ECM material for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Teng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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256
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Quang Le B, Van Blitterswijk C, De Boer J. An Approach to In Vitro Manufacturing of Hypertrophic Cartilage Matrix for Bone Repair. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4020035. [PMID: 28952514 PMCID: PMC5590482 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Devitalized hypertrophic cartilage matrix (DCM) is an attractive concept for an off-the-shelf bone graft substitute. Upon implantation, DCM can trigger the natural endochondral ossification process, but only when the hypertrophic cartilage matrix has been reconstituted correctly. In vivo hypertrophic differentiation has been reported for multiple cell types but up-scaling and in vivo devitalization remain a big challenge. To this end, we developed a micro tissue-engineered cartilage (MiTEC) model using the chondrogenic cell line ATDC5. Micro-aggregates of ATDC5 cells (approximately 1000 cells per aggregate) were cultured on a 3% agarose mold consisting of 1585 microwells, each measuring 400 µm in diameter. Chondrogenic differentiation was strongly enhanced using media supplemented with combinations of growth factors e.g., insulin, transforming growth factor beta and dexamethasone. Next, mineralization was induced by supplying the culture medium with beta-glycerophosphate, and finally we boosted the secretion of proangiogenic growth factors using the hypoxia mimetic phenanthroline in the final stage of in vivo culture. Then, ATDC5 aggregates were devitalized by freeze/thawing or sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment before co-culturing with human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). We observed a strong effect on chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Using this MiTEC model, we were able to not only upscale the production of cartilage to a clinically relevant amount but were also able to vary the cartilage matrix composition in different ways, making MiTEC an ideal model to develop DCM as a bone graft substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach Quang Le
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Clemens Van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan De Boer
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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257
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Hwang J, San BH, Turner NJ, White LJ, Faulk DM, Badylak SF, Li Y, Yu SM. Molecular assessment of collagen denaturation in decellularized tissues using a collagen hybridizing peptide. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:268-278. [PMID: 28161576 PMCID: PMC5462463 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from tissues and organs are emerging as important scaffold materials for regenerative medicine. Many believe that preservation of the native ECM structure during decellularization is highly desirable. However, because effective techniques to assess the structural damage in ECM are lacking, the disruptive effects of a decellularization method and the impact of the associated structural damage upon the scaffold's regenerative capacity are often debated. Using a novel collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP) that specifically binds to unfolded collagen chains, we investigated the molecular denaturation of collagen in the ECM decellularized by four commonly used cell-removing detergents: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), sodium deoxycholate (SD), and Triton X-100. Staining of the detergent-treated porcine ligament and urinary bladder matrix with carboxyfluorescein-labeled CHP demonstrated that SDS and Triton X-100 denature the triple helical collagen molecule while CHAPS and SD do not, although second harmonic generation imaging and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that all four detergents disrupt collagen fibrils. Our findings from the CHP staining were further confirmed by the circular dichroism spectra of intact triple helical collagen molecules in CHAPS and SD solutions, and the TEM images of CHP-conjugated gold nanoparticles binding only to the SDS and Triton X-100 treated collagen fibrils. CHP is a powerful new tool for direct and reliable measurement of denatured collagen molecules in decellularized tissues. It is expected to have wide applications in the development and standardization of the tissue/organ decellularization technology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Preservation of the native ECM structure in decellularized tissues is highly desirable, since denaturation of ECM molecules (e.g., collagen) during decellularization can strongly influence the cellular response. Unfortunately, conventional techniques (SEM, SHG) are not conducive to identifying denatured collagen molecules in tissues. We demonstrate the first investigation into the molecular denaturation of collagen in decellularized ECM enabled by a novel Collagen Hybridizing Peptide (CHP) that specifically binds to unfolded collagen chains. We show that SDS and Triton X-100 denature collagen molecules while CHAPS and SD cannot. Such detection has been nearly impossible with other existing techniques. The CHP technique will advance our understanding about the effect of the cell-removing process on ECM, and lead to development of the decellularization technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Boi Hoa San
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Neill J Turner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lisa J White
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Denver M Faulk
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - S Michael Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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258
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Baker HB, Passipieri JA, Siriwardane M, Ellenburg MD, Vadhavkar M, Bergman CR, Saul JM, Tomblyn S, Burnett L, Christ GJ. Cell and Growth Factor-Loaded Keratin Hydrogels for Treatment of Volumetric Muscle Loss in a Mouse Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:572-584. [PMID: 28162053 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wounds to the head, neck, and extremities have been estimated to account for ∼84% of reported combat injuries to military personnel. Volumetric muscle loss (VML), defined as skeletal muscle injuries in which tissue loss results in permanent functional impairment, is common among these injuries. The present standard of care entails the use of muscle flap transfers, which suffer from the need for additional surgery when using autografts or the risk of rejection when cadaveric grafts are used. Tissue engineering (TE) strategies for skeletal muscle repair have been investigated as a means to overcome current therapeutic limitations. In that regard, human hair-derived keratin (KN) biomaterials have been found to possess several favorable properties for use in TE applications and, as such, are a viable candidate for use in skeletal muscle repair. Herein, KN hydrogels with and without the addition of skeletal muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) and/or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and/or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were implanted in an established murine model of surgically induced VML injury to the latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. Control treatments included surgery with no repair (NR) as well as implantation of bladder acellular matrix (BAM). In vitro muscle contraction force was evaluated at two months postsurgery through electrical stimulation of the explanted LD in an organ bath. Functional data indicated that implantation of KN+bFGF+IGF-1 (n = 8) enabled a greater recovery of contractile force than KN+bFGF (n = 8)***, KN+MPC (n = 8)**, KN+MPC+bFGF+IGF-1 (n = 8)**, BAM (n = 8)*, KN+IGF-1 (n = 8)*, KN+MPCs+bFGF (n = 9)*, or NR (n = 9)**, (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Consistent with the physiological findings, histological evaluation of retrieved tissue revealed much more extensive new muscle tissue formation in groups with greater functional recovery (e.g., KN+IGF-1+bFGF) when compared with observations in tissue from groups with lower functional recovery (i.e., BAM and NR). Taken together, these findings further indicate the general utility of KN biomaterials in TE and, moreover, specifically highlight their potential application in the treatment of VML injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Baker
- 1 Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland.,2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - J A Passipieri
- 2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mevan Siriwardane
- 2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Manasi Vadhavkar
- 2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Christopher R Bergman
- 2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Justin M Saul
- 5 Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio
| | - Seth Tomblyn
- 4 KeraNetics, LLC , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Luke Burnett
- 4 KeraNetics, LLC , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - George J Christ
- 2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.,6 Department of Orthopaedics, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
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259
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Londono R, Dziki JL, Haljasmaa E, Turner NJ, Leifer CA, Badylak SF. The effect of cell debris within biologic scaffolds upon the macrophage response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2109-2118. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Londono
- Department of Surgery; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Jenna L. Dziki
- Department of Surgery; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Haljasmaa
- Department of Surgery; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Neill J. Turner
- Department of Surgery; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia A. Leifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Ithaca New York
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- Department of Surgery; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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260
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Cronce MJ, Faulknor RA, Pomerantseva I, Liu XH, Goldman SM, Ekwueme EC, Mwizerwa O, Neville CM, Sundback CA. In vivo response to decellularized mesothelium scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:716-725. [PMID: 28323397 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Biological surgical scaffolds are used in plastic and reconstructive surgery to support structural reinforcement and regeneration of soft tissue defects. Macrophage and fibroblast cell populations heavily regulate scaffold integration into host tissue following implantation. In the present study, the biological host response to a commercially available surgical scaffold (Meso BioMatrix Surgical Mesh (MBM)) was investigated for up to 9 weeks after subcutaneous implantation; this scaffold promoted superior cell migration and infiltration previously in in vitro studies relative to other commercially available scaffolds. Infiltrating macrophages and fibroblasts phenotypes were assessed for evidence of inflammation and remodeling. At week 1, macrophages were the dominant cell population, but fibroblasts were most abundant at subsequent time points. At week 4, the scaffold supported inflammation modulation as indicated by M1 to M2 macrophage polarization; the foreign body giant cell response resolved by week 9. Unexpectedly, a fibroblast subpopulation expressed macrophage phenotypic markers, following a similar trend in transitioning from a proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotype. Also, α-smooth muscle actin-expressing myofibroblasts were abundant at weeks 4 and 9, mirroring collagen expression and remodeling activity. MBM supported physiologic responses observed during normal wound healing, including cellular infiltration, host tissue ingrowth, remodeling of matrix proteins, and immune modulation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 716-725, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cronce
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Renea A Faulknor
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Irina Pomerantseva
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | | | | | - Emmanuel C Ekwueme
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Olive Mwizerwa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Craig M Neville
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Cathryn A Sundback
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
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261
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Pu L, Wu J, Pan X, Hou Z, Zhang J, Chen W, Na Z, Meng M, Ni H, Wang L, Li Y, Jiang L. Determining the optimal protocol for preparing an acellular scaffold of tissue engineered small-diameter blood vessels. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:619-631. [PMID: 28271637 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although detergent-based decellularization protocols have been widely used to obtain a natural extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold in tissue engineering, some key challenges still exist. To achieve an optimum natural decellularized scaffold for the construction of tissue-engineered small-diameter blood vessels (TEBV), porcine carotid arteries (PCAs) were decellularized by combining sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and Triton X-100 (Triton) in different concentrations. Tissue samples were processed and their histological, biochemical and biomechanical characteristics were investigated. Results showed that only two methods 0.5% (SDS + SDC) and 1% (SDS + SDC) could completely remove of the cellular contents and preserve the native ECM architecture. Furthermore, 1% (SDS + SDC) based methods acquire preferable porosity and suitable mechanical strength. Residual Triton in the ECM scaffold holds intensive cytotoxity. In conclusion, 1%(SDS + SDC) based method can obtain a superior PCAs scaffold for the construction of TEBV. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 619-631, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Institution of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingna Pan
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongliu Hou
- Central Laboratory, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmin Chen
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Institution of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuhui Na
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Institution of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyao Meng
- Central Laboratory, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Ni
- Department of Pathology, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxiong Li
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Institution of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Institution of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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262
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Kawecki M, Łabuś W, Klama-Baryla A, Kitala D, Kraut M, Glik J, Misiuga M, Nowak M, Bielecki T, Kasperczyk A. A review of decellurization methods caused by an urgent need for quality control of cell-free extracellular matrix' scaffolds and their role in regenerative medicine. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:909-923. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kawecki
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment in Siemianowice Slaskie; Poland
- University of Technology and Humanities in Bielsko-Biała; Department of Health Science in Bielsko-Biała; Poland
| | - Wojciech Łabuś
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment in Siemianowice Slaskie; Poland
| | | | - Diana Kitala
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment in Siemianowice Slaskie; Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kraut
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment in Siemianowice Slaskie; Poland
| | - Justyna Glik
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment in Siemianowice Slaskie; Poland
- The Medical University of Silesia in Katowice; Unit for Chronic Wound Treatment Organization, Nursery Division; School of Healthcare in Zabrze Poland
| | - Marcelina Misiuga
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment in Siemianowice Slaskie; Poland
| | - Mariusz Nowak
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment in Siemianowice Slaskie; Poland
| | - Tomasz Bielecki
- Saint Barbara's Clinical Hospital number 5 in Sosnowiec; Clinical Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma; Oncologic and Reconstructive Surgery Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kasperczyk
- Medical University of Silesia in Katowice; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze
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263
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Link PA, Pouliot RA, Mikhaiel NS, Young BM, Heise RL. Tunable Hydrogels from Pulmonary Extracellular Matrix for 3D Cell Culture. J Vis Exp 2017:55094. [PMID: 28117788 PMCID: PMC5352266 DOI: 10.3791/55094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present a method for establishing multiple component cell culture hydrogels for in vitro lung cell culture. Beginning with healthy en bloc lung tissue from porcine, rat, or mouse, the tissue is perfused and submerged in subsequent chemical detergents to remove the cellular debris. Histological comparison of the tissue before and after processing confirms removal of over 95% of double stranded DNA and alpha galactosidase staining suggests the majority of cellular debris is removed. After decellularization, the tissue is lyophilized and then cryomilled into a powder. The matrix powder is digested for 48 hr in an acidic pepsin digestion solution and then neutralized to form the pregel solution. Gelation of the pregel solution can be induced by incubation at 37 °C and can be used immediately following neutralization or stored at 4 °C for up to two weeks. Coatings can be formed using the pregel solution on a non-treated plate for cell attachment. Cells can be suspended in the pregel prior to self-assembly to achieve a 3D culture, plated on the surface of a formed gel from which the cells can migrate through the scaffold, or plated on the coatings. Alterations to the strategy presented can impact gelation temperature, strength, or protein fragment sizes. Beyond hydrogel formation, the hydrogel stiffness may be increased using genipin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Link
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Robert A Pouliot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Nabil S Mikhaiel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Bethany M Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Rebecca L Heise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University;
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264
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Baert Y, De Kock J, Alves-Lopes JP, Söder O, Stukenborg JB, Goossens E. Primary Human Testicular Cells Self-Organize into Organoids with Testicular Properties. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:30-38. [PMID: 28017656 PMCID: PMC5233407 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
So far, successful de novo formation of testicular tissue followed by complete spermatogenesis in vitro has been achieved only in rodents. Our findings reveal that primary human testicular cells are able to self-organize into human testicular organoids (TOs), i.e., multi-cellular tissue surrogates, either with or without support of a biological scaffold. Despite lacking testis-specific topography, these mini-tissues harbored spermatogonia and their important niche cells, which retained specific functionalities during long-term culture. These observations indicate the posibility of in vitro re-engineering of a human testicular microenvironment from primary cells. Human TOs might help in the development of a biomimetic testicular model that would exert a tremendous impact on research and development, clinical treatment of infertility, and screening in connection with drug discovery and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoni Baert
- Biology of the Testis, Research Laboratory for Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Joery De Kock
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - João P Alves-Lopes
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit; Q2:08, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Söder
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit; Q2:08, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Bernd Stukenborg
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit; Q2:08, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellen Goossens
- Biology of the Testis, Research Laboratory for Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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265
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Masaeli E, Karamali F, Loghmani S, Eslaminejad MB, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Bio-engineered electrospun nanofibrous membranes using cartilage extracellular matrix particles. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:765-776. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized nanofibrous scaffolds with decellularized ECM (DECM) particles can mimic the natural motifs of cartilage ECMs and enhance chondro-inductivity for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Masaeli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology
- Cell Science Research Center
- Royan Institute for Biotechnology
- ACECR
- Isfahan
| | - Fereshte Karamali
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology
- Cell Science Research Center
- Royan Institute for Biotechnology
- ACECR
- Isfahan
| | - Shahriar Loghmani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology
- Cell Science Research Center
- Royan Institute for Biotechnology
- ACECR
- Isfahan
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology
- Cell Science Research Center
- Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology
- ACECR
- Tehran
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266
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Yu C, Kornmuller A, Brown C, Hoare T, Flynn LE. Decellularized adipose tissue microcarriers as a dynamic culture platform for human adipose-derived stem/stromal cell expansion. Biomaterials 2016; 120:66-80. [PMID: 28038353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the goal of designing a clinically-relevant expansion strategy for human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs), methods were developed to synthesize porous microcarriers derived purely from human decellularized adipose tissue (DAT). An electrospraying approach was applied to generate spherical DAT microcarriers with an average diameter of 428 ± 41 μm, which were soft, compliant, and stable in long-term culture without chemical crosslinking. Human ASCs demonstrated enhanced proliferation on the DAT microcarriers relative to commercially-sourced Cultispher-S microcarriers within a spinner culture system over 1 month. ASC immunophenotype was maintained post expansion, with a trend for reduced expression of the cell adhesion receptors CD73, CD105, and CD29 under dynamic conditions. Upregulation of the early lineage-specific genes PPARγ, LPL, and COMP was observed in the ASCs expanded on the DAT microcarriers, but the cells retained their multilineage differentiation capacity. Comparison of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in 2-D cultures prepared with ASCs pre-expanded on the DAT microcarriers or Cultispher-S microcarriers revealed similar adipogenic and enhanced osteogenic marker expression in the DAT microcarrier group, which had undergone a higher population fold change. Further, histological staining results suggested a more homogeneous differentiation response in the ASCs expanded on the DAT microcarriers as compared to either Cultispher-S microcarriers or tissue culture polystyrene. A pilot chondrogenesis study revealed higher levels of chondrogenic gene and protein expression in the ASCs expanded on the DAT microcarriers relative to all other groups, including the baseline controls. Overall, this study demonstrates the promise of applying dynamic culture with tissue-specific DAT microcarriers as a means of deriving regenerative cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, 19 Division St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada; Human Mobility Research Center, Kingston General Hospital, 76 Stuart St., Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Anna Kornmuller
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Claudette MacKay Lassonde Pavilion, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Cody Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Lauren E Flynn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada.
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267
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Nakamura N, Kimura T, Kishida A. Overview of the Development, Applications, and Future Perspectives of Decellularized Tissues and Organs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:1236-1244. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Nakamura
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kimura
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Akio Kishida
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
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268
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Aryaei A, Vapniarsky N, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Recent Tissue Engineering Advances for the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2016; 14:269-279. [PMID: 27704395 PMCID: PMC5106310 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-016-0327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are among the most common maxillofacial complaints and a major cause of orofacial pain. Although current treatments provide short- and long-term relief, alternative tissue engineering solutions are in great demand. Particularly, the development of strategies, providing long-term resolution of TMD to help patients regain normal function, is a high priority. An absolute prerequisite of tissue engineering is to understand normal structure and function. The current knowledge of anatomical, mechanical, and biochemical characteristics of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated tissues will be discussed, followed by a brief description of current TMD treatments. The main focus is on recent tissue engineering developments for regenerating TMJ tissue components, with or without a scaffold. The expectation for effectively managing TMD is that tissue engineering will produce biomimetic TMJ tissues that recapitulate the normal structure and function of the TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Aryaei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Natalia Vapniarsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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269
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Tsunenaga M. Heparanase Inhibitors Facilitate the Assembly of the Basement Membrane in Artificial Skin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:113-122. [PMID: 27853671 PMCID: PMC5070419 DOI: 10.2174/2211542005666160725154356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that the basement membrane at the dermal-epidermal junction of the skin plays an important role in maintaining a healthy epidermis and dermis, and repeated damage to the skin can destabilize the skin and accelerate the aging process. Skin-equivalent models are suitable for studying the reconstruction of the basement membrane and its contribution to epidermal homeostasis because they lack the basement membrane and show abnormal expression of epidermal differentiation markers. By using these models, it has been shown that reconstruction of the basement membrane is enhanced not only by supplying basement membrane components, but also by inhibiting proteinases such as urokinase and matrix metalloproteinase. Although matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors assist in the reconstruction of the basement membrane structure, their action is not sufficient to promote its functional recovery. However, heparanase inhibitors stabilize the heparan sulfate chains of perlecan (a heparan sulfate proteoglycan) and promote the regulation of heparan sulfate binding growth factors in the basement membrane. Heparan sulfate promotes effective protein-protein interactions, thereby facilitating the assembly of type VII collagen anchoring fibrils and elastin-associated microfibrils. Using both matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and heparanase inhibitors, the basement membrane in a skin-equivalent model comes close to recapitulating the structure and function of an in vivo basement membrane. Therefore, by using an appropriate dermis model and suitable protease inhibitors, it may be possible to produce skin-equivalent models that are more similar to natural skin
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tsunenaga
- Shiseido Research Center, 2-2-1 Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-8558, Japan
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270
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Liu ZZ, Wong ML, Griffiths LG. Effect of bovine pericardial extracellular matrix scaffold niche on seeded human mesenchymal stem cell function. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37089. [PMID: 27845391 PMCID: PMC5109049 DOI: 10.1038/srep37089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on generation of unfixed bovine pericardium (BP) extracellular matrix (ECM) for clinical application. However, the extent to which maintenance of native ECM niche is capable of directing behavior of repopulating cells remains relatively unexplored. By exploiting the sidedness of BP scaffolds (i.e., serous or fibrous surface), this study aims to determine the effect of ECM niche preservation on cellular repopulation using different scaffold generation methods. BP underwent either sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) decellularization or stepwise, solubilization-based antigen removal using amidosulfobetaine-14 (ASB-14). SDS scaffolds were toxic to repopulating human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct surface ultrastructure of ASB-14 scaffolds based on native BP sidedness. Basement membrane structures on the serous side stimulated hMSC cell monolayer formation, whereas fibrous side facilitated cell penetration into scaffold. Additionally, serous side seeding significantly increased hMSC adhesion and proliferation rate compared to the fibrous side. Furthermore, scaffold ECM niche stimulated sidedness dependent differential hMSC human leukocyte antigen expression, angiogenic and inflammatory cytokine secretion. This work demonstrates that ECM scaffold preparation method and preservation of BP side-based niches critically affects in vitro cell growth patterns and behavior, which has implications for use of such ECM biomaterials in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhao Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine: Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maelene L Wong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine: Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Leigh G Griffiths
- Department of Veterinary Medicine: Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
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271
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Jin T, Nicholls FJ, Crum WR, Ghuman H, Badylak SF, Modo M. Diamagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (diaCEST) affords magnetic resonance imaging of extracellular matrix hydrogel implantation in a rat model of stroke. Biomaterials 2016; 113:176-190. [PMID: 27816001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is widely used as an inductive biological scaffold to repair soft tissue after injury by promoting functional site-appropriate remodeling of the implanted material. However, there is a lack of non-invasive analysis methods to monitor the remodeling characteristics of the ECM material after implantation and its biodegradation over time. We describe the use of diamagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging to monitor the distribution of an ECM hydrogel after intracerebral implantation into a stroke cavity. In vitro imaging indicated a robust concentration-dependent detection of the ECM precursor and hydrogel at 1.8 and 3.6 ppm, which broadly corresponded to chondroitin sulfate and fibronectin. This detection was robust to changes in pH and improved at 37 °C. In vivo implantation of ECM hydrogel into the stroke cavity in a rat model corresponded macroscopically to the distribution of biomaterial as indicated by histology, but mismatches were also evident. Indeed, CEST imaging detected an endogenous "increased deposition". To account for this endogenous activity, pre-implantation images were subtracted from post-implantation images to yield a selective visualization of hydrogel distribution in the stroke cavity and its evolution over 7 days. The CEST detection of ECM returned to baseline within 3 days due to a decrease in fibronectin and chondroitin sulfate in the hydrogel. The distribution of ECM hydrogel within the stroke cavity is hence feasible in vivo, but further advances are required to warrant a selective long-term monitoring in the context of biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francesca J Nicholls
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William R Crum
- Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Harmanvir Ghuman
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michel Modo
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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272
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Ertl NG, O’Connor WA, Wiegand AN, Elizur A. Molecular analysis of the Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) CO2 stress response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40665-016-0019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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273
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Abstract
Functions of the gastrointestinal tract include motility, digestion and absorption of nutrients. These functions are mediated by several specialized cell types including smooth muscle cells, neurons, interstitial cells and epithelial cells. In gastrointestinal diseases, some of the cells become degenerated or fail to accomplish their normal functions. Surgical resection of the diseased segments of the gastrointestinal tract is considered the gold-standard treatment in many cases, but patients might have surgical complications and quality of life can remain low. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine aim to restore, repair, or regenerate the function of the tissues. Gastrointestinal tissue engineering is a challenging process given the specific phenotype and alignment of each cell type that colonizes the tract - these properties are critical for proper functionality. In this Review, we summarize advances in the field of gastrointestinal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Although the findings are promising, additional studies and optimizations are needed for translational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil N Bitar
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way NE, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, 391 Technology Way NE, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA
| | - Elie Zakhem
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way NE, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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274
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Sheets AR, Demidova-Rice TN, Shi L, Ronfard V, Grover KV, Herman IM. Identification and Characterization of Novel Matrix-Derived Bioactive Peptides: A Role for Collagenase from Santyl® Ointment in Post-Debridement Wound Healing? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159598. [PMID: 27459729 PMCID: PMC4961374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Debridement, the removal of diseased, nonviable tissue, is critical for clinicians to readily assess wound status and prepare the wound bed for advanced therapeutics or downstream active healing. Removing necrotic slough and eschar through surgical or mechanical methods is less specific and may be painful for patients. Enzymatic debridement agents, such as Clostridial collagenase, selectively and painlessly degrade devitalized tissue. In addition to its debriding activities, highly-purified Clostridial collagenase actively promotes healing, and our past studies reveal that extracellular matrices digested with this enzyme yield peptides that activate cellular migratory, proliferative and angiogenic responses to injury in vitro, and promote wound closure in vivo. Intriguingly, while collagenase Santyl® ointment, a sterile preparation containing Clostridial collagenases and other non-specific proteases, is a well-accepted enzymatic debridement agent, its role as an active healing entity has never been established. Based on our previous studies of pure Clostridial collagenase, we now ask whether the mixture of enzymes contained within Santyl® produces matrix-derived peptides that promote cellular injury responses in vitro and stimulate wound closure in vivo. Here, we identify novel collagen fragments, along with collagen-associated peptides derived from thrombospondin-1, multimerin-1, fibronectin, TGFβ-induced protein ig-h3 and tenascin-C, generated from Santyl® collagenase-digested human dermal capillary endothelial and fibroblastic matrices, which increase cell proliferation and angiogenic remodeling in vitro by 50-100% over controls. Using an established model of impaired healing, we further demonstrate a specific dose of collagenase from Santyl® ointment, as well as the newly-identified and chemically-synthesized ECM-derived peptides significantly increase wound re-epithelialization by 60-100% over saline-treated controls. These results not only confirm and extend our earlier studies using purified collagenase- and matrix-derived peptides to stimulate healing in vitro and in vivo, but these Santyl®-generated, matrix-derived peptides may also represent exciting new opportunities for creating advanced wound healing therapies that are enabled by enzymatic debridement and potentially go beyond debridement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Sheets
- Graduate Program in Cellular & Molecular Physiology, The Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
- The Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
| | - Tatiana N. Demidova-Rice
- The Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
| | - Lei Shi
- Smith & Nephew PLC, 3909 Hulen St., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States of America
| | - Vincent Ronfard
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States of America
| | - Komel V. Grover
- Smith & Nephew PLC, 3909 Hulen St., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States of America
| | - Ira M. Herman
- Graduate Program in Cellular & Molecular Physiology, The Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, The Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
- The Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
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275
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Angelo DF, Morouço P, Alves N, Viana T, Santos F, González R, Monje F, Macias D, Carrapiço B, Sousa R, Cavaco-Gonçalves S, Salvado F, Peleteiro C, Pinho M. Choosing sheep (Ovis aries) as animal model for temporomandibular joint research: Morphological, histological and biomechanical characterization of the joint disc. Morphologie 2016; 100:223-233. [PMID: 27450042 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical trials are essential to the development of scientific technologies. Remarkable molecular and cellular research has been done using small animal models. However, significant differences exist regarding the articular behavior between these models and humans. Thus, large animal models may be more appropriate to perform trials involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The aim of this work was to make a morphological (anatomic dissection and white light 3D scanning system), histological (TMJ in bloc was removed for histologic analysis) and biomechanical characterization (tension and compression tests) of sheep TMJ comparing the obtained results with human data. Results showed that sheep processus condylaris and fossa mandibularis are anatomically similar to the same human structures. TMJ disc has an elliptical perimeter, thinner in the center than in periphery. Peripheral area acts as a ring structure supporting the central zone. The disc cells display both fibroblast and chondrocyte-like morphology. Marginal area is formed by loose connective tissue, with some chondrocyte-like cells and collagen fibers in diverse orientations. Discs obtained a tensile modulus of 3.97±0.73MPa and 9.39±1.67MPa, for anteroposterior and mediolateral assessment. The TMJ discs presented a compressive modulus (E) of 446.41±5.16MPa and their maximum stress value (σmax) was 18.87±1.33MPa. Obtained results suggest that these animals should be considered as a prime model for TMJ research and procedural training. Further investigations in the field of oromaxillofacial surgery involving TMJ should consider sheep as a good animal model due to its resemblance of the same joint in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Angelo
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - P Morouço
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - N Alves
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - T Viana
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - F Santos
- CIISA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R González
- Infanta Cristina Hospital, Faculty of Medicina, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - F Monje
- Infanta Cristina Hospital, Faculty of Medicina, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - D Macias
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicina, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - B Carrapiço
- CIISA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R Sousa
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Faculty of Medicina, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S Cavaco-Gonçalves
- National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Santarém, Portugal
| | - F Salvado
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Faculty of Medicina, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Peleteiro
- CIISA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Pinho
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
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276
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Mendoza-Novelo B, Castellano LE, Padilla-Miranda RG, Lona-Ramos MC, Cuéllar-Mata P, Vega-González A, Murguía-Pérez M, Mata-Mata JL, Ávila EE. The component leaching from decellularized pericardial bioscaffolds and its implication in the macrophage response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2810-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birzabith Mendoza-Novelo
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química; Electrónica y Biomédica, DCI Universidad de Guanajuato; León 37150 GTO Mexico
| | - Laura E. Castellano
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química; Electrónica y Biomédica, DCI Universidad de Guanajuato; León 37150 GTO Mexico
| | - Ruth G. Padilla-Miranda
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química; Electrónica y Biomédica, DCI Universidad de Guanajuato; León 37150 GTO Mexico
- Departamento de Biología; DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato; Guanajuato 36050 GTO Mexico
| | - María C. Lona-Ramos
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química; Electrónica y Biomédica, DCI Universidad de Guanajuato; León 37150 GTO Mexico
| | - Patricia Cuéllar-Mata
- Departamento de Biología; DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato; Guanajuato 36050 GTO Mexico
| | - Arturo Vega-González
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química; Electrónica y Biomédica, DCI Universidad de Guanajuato; León 37150 GTO Mexico
| | - Mario Murguía-Pérez
- Departamento de Patología; Centro Médico Nacional del Bajío; León 37340 GTO Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunohistoquímica y Biología Molecular; Hospital Medica Campestre; León 37180 GTO Mexico
| | - José L. Mata-Mata
- Departamento de Química, DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato; Guanajuato GTO Mexico
| | - Eva E. Ávila
- Departamento de Biología; DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato; Guanajuato 36050 GTO Mexico
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277
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Morris AH, Chang J, Kyriakides TR. Inadequate Processing of Decellularized Dermal Matrix Reduces Cell Viability In Vitro and Increases Apoptosis and Acute Inflammation In Vivo. Biores Open Access 2016; 5:177-87. [PMID: 27500014 PMCID: PMC4948200 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2016.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized tissue scaffolds are commonly used in the clinic because they can be used as substitutes for more traditional biomaterials, while imparting additional physiological effects. Nevertheless, reports of complications associated with their use are widespread and poorly understood. This study probes possible causes of these complications by examining cell viability and apoptosis in response to eluents from decellularized dermis. Using multiple sources of decellularized dermis, this study shows that typical decellularized scaffolds (prepared with commonly used laboratory techniques, as well as purchased from commercial sources) contain soluble components that are cytotoxic and that these components can be removed by extensive washes in cell culture media. In addition, this study demonstrates that these observed in vitro phenotypes correlate with increased apoptosis and acute inflammation when implanted subcutaneously in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Morris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.; Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Julie Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Themis R Kyriakides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.; Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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278
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Construction of a fucoidan/laminin functional multilayer to direction vascular cell fate and promotion hemocompatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 64:236-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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279
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Silva AC, Rodrigues SC, Caldeira J, Nunes AM, Sampaio-Pinto V, Resende TP, Oliveira MJ, Barbosa MA, Thorsteinsdóttir S, Nascimento DS, Pinto-do-Ó P. Three-dimensional scaffolds of fetal decellularized hearts exhibit enhanced potential to support cardiac cells in comparison to the adult. Biomaterials 2016; 104:52-64. [PMID: 27424216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A main challenge in cardiac tissue engineering is the limited data on microenvironmental cues that sustain survival, proliferation and functional proficiency of cardiac cells. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential of fetal (E18) and adult myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) to support cardiac cells. Acellular three-dimensional (3D) bioscaffolds were obtained by parallel decellularization of fetal- and adult-heart explants thereby ensuring reliable comparison. Acellular scaffolds retained main constituents of the cardiac ECM including distinctive biochemical and structural meshwork features of the native equivalents. In vitro, fetal and adult ECM-matrices supported 3D culture of heart-derived Sca-1(+) progenitors and of neonatal cardiomyocytes, which migrated toward the center of the scaffold and displayed elongated morphology and excellent viability. At the culture end-point, more Sca-1(+) cells and cardiomyocytes were found adhered and inside fetal bioscaffolds, compared to the adult. Higher repopulation yields of Sca-1(+) cells on fetal ECM relied on β1-integrin independent mitogenic signals. Sca-1(+) cells on fetal bioscaffolds showed a gene expression profile that anticipates the synthesis of a permissive microenvironment for cardiomyogenesis. Our findings demonstrate the superior potential of the 3D fetal microenvironment to support and instruct cardiac cells. This knowledge should be integrated in the design of next-generation biomimetic materials for heart repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; Gladstone Institutes, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94158, USA
| | - S C Rodrigues
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - J Caldeira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - A M Nunes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - V Sampaio-Pinto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - T P Resende
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - M J Oliveira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
| | - M A Barbosa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - S Thorsteinsdóttir
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - D S Nascimento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
| | - P Pinto-do-Ó
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; Unit for Lymphopoiesis, Immunology Department, INSERM U668, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur. Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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280
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Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Individuals Implanted With Extracellular Matrix for the Treatment of Volumetric Muscle Injury: Case Series. Phys Ther 2016; 96:540-9. [PMID: 26564252 PMCID: PMC4817212 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrodiagnosis can reveal the nerve and muscle changes following surgical placement of an extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffold for treatment of volumetric muscle loss (VML). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to characterize nerve conduction study (NCS) and electromyography (EMG) changes following ECM bioscaffold placement in individuals with VML. The ability of presurgical NCS and EMG to be used as a tool to help identify candidates who are likely to display improvements postsurgically also was explored. DESIGN A longitudinal case series design was used. METHODS The study was conducted at the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh. Eight individuals with a history of chronic VML participated. The intervention was surgical placement of an ECM bioscaffold at the site of VML. The strength of the affected region was measured using a handheld dynamometer, and electrophysiologic evaluation was conducted on the affected limb with standard method of NCS and EMG. All measurements were obtained the day before surgery and repeated 6 months after surgery. RESULTS Seven of the 8 participants had a preoperative electrodiagnosis of incomplete mononeuropathy within the site of VML. After ECM treatment, 5 of the 8 participants showed improvements in NCS amplitude or needle EMG parameters. The presence of electrical activity within the scaffold remodeling site was concomitant with clinical improvement in muscle strength. LIMITATIONS This study had a small sample size, and participants served as their own controls. The electromyographers and physical therapists performing the evaluation were not blinded. CONCLUSIONS Electrodiagnostic data provide objective evidence of physiological improvements in muscle function following ECM placement at sites of VML. Future studies are warranted to further investigate the potential of needle EMG as a predictor of successful outcomes following ECM treatment for VML.
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281
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282
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Abstract
Templates inserted into surgical wounds strongly influence the healing responses in humans. The science of these templates, in the form of extracellular matrix biomaterials, is rapidly evolving and improving as the natural interactions with the body become better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hodde
- Director of Medical Sciences, Cook Biotech, Incorporated, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael Hiles
- Vice President for Research and Development, Cook Biotech, Incorporated, 1425 Innovation Place, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA and Adjunct Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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283
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Alberti KA, Xu Q. Biocompatibility and degradation of tendon-derived scaffolds. Regen Biomater 2016; 3:1-11. [PMID: 26816651 PMCID: PMC4723279 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbv023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix has often been used as a biomaterial for tissue engineering applications. Its function, once implanted can be crucial to determining whether a tissue engineered construct will be successful, both in terms of how the material breaks down, and how the body reacts to the material's presence in the first place. Collagen is one of the primary components of extracellular matrix and has been used for a number of biomedical applications. Scaffolds comprised of highly aligned collagen fibrils can be fabricated directly from decellularized tendon using a slicing, stacking, and rolling technique, to create two- and three-dimensional constructs. Here, the degradation characteristics of the material are evaluated in vitro, showing that chemical crosslinking can reduce degradation while maintaining fiber structure. In vivo, non-crosslinked and crosslinked samples are implanted, and their biological response and degradation evaluated through histological sectioning, trichrome staining, and immunohistochemical staining for macrophages. Non-crosslinked samples are rapidly degraded and lose fiber morphology while crosslinked samples retain both macroscopic structure as well as fiber orientation. The cellular response of both materials is also investigated. The in vivo response demonstrates that the decellularized tendon material is biocompatible, biodegradable and can be crosslinked to maintain surface features for extended periods of time in vivo. This study provides material characteristics for the use of decellularized tendon as biomaterial for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Qiaobing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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284
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Minardi S, Corradetti B, Taraballi F, Sandri M, Martinez JO, Powell ST, Tampieri A, Weiner BK, Tasciotti E. Biomimetic Concealing of PLGA Microspheres in a 3D Scaffold to Prevent Macrophage Uptake. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1479-1488. [PMID: 26797709 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds functionalized with delivery systems for the release of growth factors is a robust strategy to enhance tissue regeneration. However, after implantation, macrophages infiltrate the scaffold, eventually initiating the degradation and clearance of the delivery systems. Herein, it is hypothesized that fully embedding the poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide acid) microspheres (MS) in a highly structured collagen-based scaffold (concealing) can prevent their detection, preserving the integrity of the payload. Confocal laser microscopy reveals that non-embedded MS are easily internalized; when concealed, J774 and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) cannot detect them. This is further demonstrated by flow cytometry, as a tenfold decrease is found in the number of MS engulfed by the cells, suggesting that collagen can cloak the MS. This correlates with the amount of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α produced by J774 and BMDM in response to the concealed MS, comparable to that found for non-functionalized collagen scaffolds. Finally, the release kinetics of a reporter protein is preserved in the presence of macrophages, only when MS are concealed. The data provide detailed strategies for fabricating three dimensional (3D) biomimetic scaffolds able to conceal delivery systems and preserve the therapeutic molecules for release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Minardi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-CNR (ISTEC-CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018, Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Bruna Corradetti
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Monica Sandri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-CNR (ISTEC-CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018, Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Jonathan O Martinez
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sebastian T Powell
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-CNR (ISTEC-CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018, Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Bradley K Weiner
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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285
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Mosala Nezhad Z, Poncelet A, de Kerchove L, Gianello P, Fervaille C, El Khoury G. Small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix (CorMatrix®) in cardiovascular surgery: a systematic review. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016; 22:839-50. [PMID: 26912574 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is widely used in clinical applications as a scaffold for tissue repair. Recently, CorMatrix® porcine SIS-ECM (CorMatrix Cardiovascular, Inc., Roswell, GA, USA) has gained popularity for 'next-generation' cardiovascular tissue engineering due to its ease of use, remodelling properties, lack of immunogenicity, absorbability and potential to promote native tissue growth. Here, we provide an overview of the biology of porcine SIS-ECM and systematically review the preclinical and clinical literature on its use in cardiovascular surgery. CorMatrix® has been used in a variety of cardiovascular surgical applications, and since it is the most widely used SIS-ECM, this material is the focus of this review. Since CorMatrix® is a relatively new product for cardiovascular surgery, some clinical and preclinical studies published lack systematic reporting of functional and pathological findings in sufficient numbers of subjects. There are also emerging reports to suggest that, contrary to expectations, an undesirable inflammatory response may occur in CorMatrix® implants in humans and longer-term outcomes at particular sites, such as the heart valves, may be suboptimal. Large-scale clinical studies are needed driven by robust protocols that aim to quantify the pathological process of tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mosala Nezhad
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Division of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Université catholique de Louvain, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain Poncelet
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Division of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Université catholique de Louvain, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent de Kerchove
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Division of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Université catholique de Louvain, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Gianello
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Division of Experimental Surgery and Transplantation (CHEX), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Fervaille
- Laboratory of Anatomy Pathology, Université catholique de Louvain, Godinne University Hospital-CHU, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Gebrine El Khoury
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Division of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Université catholique de Louvain, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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286
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Emerging Implications for Extracellular Matrix-Based Technologies in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1541823. [PMID: 26839554 PMCID: PMC4709778 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1541823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA), limitations including complex, high dose immunosuppression regimens, lifelong risk of toxicity from immunosuppressants, acute and most critically chronic graft rejection, and suboptimal nerve regeneration remain particularly challenging obstacles restricting clinical progress. When properly configured, customized, and implemented, biomaterials derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) retain bioactive molecules and immunomodulatory properties that can promote stem cell migration, proliferation and differentiation, and constructive functional tissue remodeling. The present paper reviews the emerging implications of ECM-based technologies in VCA, including local immunomodulation, tissue repair, nerve regeneration, minimally invasive graft targeted drug delivery, stem cell transplantation, and other donor graft manipulation.
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287
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Cichocki BM, Myrna KE, Moore PA. Modified penetrating keratoplasty with Acell®bioscaffold implant in seven horses with deep full-thickness corneal stromal abscess. Vet Ophthalmol 2016; 20:46-52. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Cichocki
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Kathern E. Myrna
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Phillip A. Moore
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
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288
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Impact of Detergent-Based Decellularization Methods on Porcine Tissues for Heart Valve Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:2827-39. [PMID: 26842626 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To date an optimal decellularization protocol of heart valve leaflets (HVL) and pericardia (PER) with an adequate preservation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is still lacking. This study compares a 4 day Triton X-100-based protocol with faster SDC-based protocols for the decellularization of cardiac tissues. Decellularized and non-treated HVL and PER were processed for histological, biochemical and mechanical analysis to determine the effect of these agents on the structure, ECM components, and biomechanical properties. Tissues treated with SDC-based protocols still showed nuclear material, whereas tissues treated with Triton X-100 1% + ENZ ± TRYP were completely cell free. For both decellularized tissues, an almost complete washout of glycosaminoglycans, a reduction of soluble collagen and an alteration of the surface ultrastructure was observed. Interestingly, only the elastic fibers of pericardial tissue were affected and this tissue had a decreased maximum load. This study showed that both detergents had a similar impact on the ECM. However, Triton X-100 1% +DNase/RNase (ENZ) ± Trypsin (TRYP) is the only protocol that generated completely cell free bioscaffolds. Also, our study clearly demonstrated that the decellularization agents have more impact on pericardial tissues than on heart valve leaflets. Thus, for the purpose of tissue engineering of heart valves, it is advisable to use valvular rather than pericardial matrices.
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289
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Abstract
Biomaterials have played an increasingly prominent role in the success of biomedical devices and in the development of tissue engineering, which seeks to unlock the regenerative potential innate to human tissues/organs in a state of deterioration and to restore or reestablish normal bodily function. Advances in our understanding of regenerative biomaterials and their roles in new tissue formation can potentially open a new frontier in the fast-growing field of regenerative medicine. Taking inspiration from the role and multi-component construction of native extracellular matrices (ECMs) for cell accommodation, the synthetic biomaterials produced today routinely incorporate biologically active components to define an artificial in vivo milieu with complex and dynamic interactions that foster and regulate stem cells, similar to the events occurring in a natural cellular microenvironment. The range and degree of biomaterial sophistication have also dramatically increased as more knowledge has accumulated through materials science, matrix biology and tissue engineering. However, achieving clinical translation and commercial success requires regenerative biomaterials to be not only efficacious and safe but also cost-effective and convenient for use and production. Utilizing biomaterials of human origin as building blocks for therapeutic purposes has provided a facilitated approach that closely mimics the critical aspects of natural tissue with regard to its physical and chemical properties for the orchestration of wound healing and tissue regeneration. In addition to directly using tissue transfers and transplants for repair, new applications of human-derived biomaterials are now focusing on the use of naturally occurring biomacromolecules, decellularized ECM scaffolds and autologous preparations rich in growth factors/non-expanded stem cells to either target acceleration/magnification of the body's own repair capacity or use nature's paradigms to create new tissues for restoration. In particular, there is increasing interest in separating ECMs into simplified functional domains and/or biopolymeric assemblies so that these components/constituents can be discretely exploited and manipulated for the production of bioscaffolds and new biomimetic biomaterials. Here, following an overview of tissue auto-/allo-transplantation, we discuss the recent trends and advances as well as the challenges and future directions in the evolution and application of human-derived biomaterials for reconstructive surgery and tissue engineering. In particular, we focus on an exploration of the structural, mechanical, biochemical and biological information present in native human tissue for bioengineering applications and to provide inspiration for the design of future biomaterials.
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290
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Farokhi M, Mottaghitalab F, Shokrgozar MA, Ou KL, Mao C, Hosseinkhani H. Importance of dual delivery systems for bone tissue engineering. J Control Release 2016; 225:152-69. [PMID: 26805518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone formation is a complex process that requires concerted function of multiple growth factors. For this, it is essential to design a delivery system with the ability to load multiple growth factors in order to mimic the natural microenvironment for bone tissue formation. However, the short half-lives of growth factors, their relatively large size, slow tissue penetration, and high toxicity suggest that conventional routes of administration are unlikely to be effective. Therefore, it seems that using multiple bioactive factors in different delivery systems can develop new strategies for improving bone tissue regeneration. Combination of these factors along with biomaterials that permit tunable release profiles would help to achieve truly spatiotemporal regulation during delivery. This review summarizes the various dual-control release systems that are used for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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291
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Sood D, Chwalek K, Stuntz E, Pouli D, Du C, Tang-Schomer M, Georgakoudi I, Black LD, Kaplan DL. Fetal brain extracellular matrix boosts neuronal network formation in 3D bioengineered model of cortical brain tissue. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 2:131-140. [PMID: 29034320 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) constituting up to 20% of the organ volume is a significant component of the brain due to its instructive role in the compartmentalization of functional microdomains in every brain structure. The composition, quantity and structure of ECM changes dramatically during the development of an organism greatly contributing to the remarkably sophisticated architecture and function of the brain. Since fetal brain is highly plastic, we hypothesize that the fetal brain ECM may contain cues promoting neural growth and differentiation, highly desired in regenerative medicine. Thus, we studied the effect of brain-derived fetal and adult ECM complemented with matricellular proteins on cortical neurons using in vitro 3D bioengineered model of cortical brain tissue. The tested parameters included neuronal network density, cell viability, calcium signaling and electrophysiology. Both, adult and fetal brain ECM as well as matricellular proteins significantly improved neural network formation as compared to single component, collagen I matrix. Additionally, the brain ECM improved cell viability and lowered glutamate release. The fetal brain ECM induced superior neural network formation, calcium signaling and spontaneous spiking activity over adult brain ECM. This study highlights the difference in the neuroinductive properties of fetal and adult brain ECM and suggests that delineating the basis for this divergence may have implications for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Sood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford MA 02155, USA
| | - Karolina Chwalek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford MA 02155, USA
| | - Emily Stuntz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford MA 02155, USA
| | - Dimitra Pouli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford MA 02155, USA
| | - Chuang Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford MA 02155, USA
| | - Min Tang-Schomer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford MA 02155, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford MA 02155, USA
| | - Lauren D Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford MA 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford MA 02155, USA
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292
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Coakley DN, Shaikh FM, O'Sullivan K, Kavanagh EG, Grace PA, McGloughlin TM. In vitro evaluation of acellular porcine urinary bladder extracellular matrix – A potential scaffold in tissue engineered skin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wndm.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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293
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Lee KM, Kim H, Nemeno JG, Yang W, Yoon J, Lee S, Lee JI. Natural cardiac extracellular matrix sheet as a biomaterial for cardiomyocyte transplantation. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:751-6. [PMID: 25891725 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases associated with myocardial infarction are among the major causes of death worldwide due to the limited regenerative capacity of cardiac tissues. Although various approaches, such as biosynthetic biomaterials, have been developed to promote postinfarction cardiac regeneration, a number of limitations, including the immune complications caused by biodegradation of these scaffolds and insufficient cell migration, need to be overcome prior to their clinical application. Hence, the development of natural biomaterials to support myocardial regeneration is crucial. Here, we investigated the effects of a natural biomaterial, cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) on the proliferation and maintenance of cardiomyocytes in order to assess its suitability for cardiomyocyte expansion. The ECM components not only provide mechanical support, but also induce and preserve the required phenotypic and functional characteristics of the cells. We prepared ECM sheets from decellularized cardiac sections. Cardiomyocytes were then cultured with and without these cardiac ECM sheets. We compared the proliferation rates and phenotypes, and cardiac gene and protein expression, of the cultured cardiomyocytes by automatic cell counting and the MTT assay, microscopy, and RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. The cardiomyocytes cultured with the natural cardiac ECM sheets exhibited higher proliferation rates and cardiac gene and protein expression than those cultured without the ECM sheets. Our results demonstrate that the ECM sheets are suitable for use in cardiomyocyte transplantation and can provide a novel in vitro model for investigating cell and ECM interactions. We hypothesize that these ECM sheets can be used in the future to improve cardiac transplantation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Lee
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology (IBST), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology (IBST), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J G Nemeno
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology (IBST), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W Yang
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology (IBST), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Yoon
- IT Design Fusion Program, Graduate School Of NID Fusion Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology (IBST), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J I Lee
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology (IBST), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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294
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Bracaglia LG, Fisher JP. Extracellular Matrix-Based Biohybrid Materials for Engineering Compliant, Matrix-Dense Tissues. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2475-87. [PMID: 26227679 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An ideal tissue engineering scaffold should not only promote, but take an active role in, constructive remodeling and formation of site appropriate tissue. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived proteins provide unmatched cellular recognition, and therefore influence cellular response towards predicted remodeling behaviors. Materials built with only these proteins, however, can degrade rapidly or begin too weak to substitute for compliant, matrix-dense tissues. The focus of this Progress Report is on biohybrid materials that incorporate polymer components with ECM-derived proteins, to produce a substrate with desired mechanical and degradation properties, as well as actively guide tissue remodeling. Materials are described through four fabrication methods: 1) polymer and ECM-protein fibers woven together, 2) polymer and ECM proteins combined in a bilayer, 3) cell-built ECM on polymer scaffold, and 4) ECM proteins and polymers combined in a single hydrogel. Scaffolds from each fabrication method can achieve characteristics suitable for different types of tissue. In vivo testing has shown progressive remodeling in injury models, and suggests ECM-based biohybrid materials promote a prohealing immune response over single component alternatives. The prohealing immune response is associated with lasting success and long term host maintenance of the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G. Bracaglia
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering; University of Maryland; 3238 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - John P. Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering; University of Maryland; 3238 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building College Park MD 20742 USA
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295
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An in vivo analysis of Miromesh--a novel porcine liver prosthetic created by perfusion decellularization. J Surg Res 2015; 201:29-37. [PMID: 26850181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioprosthetics derived from human or porcine dermis and intestinal submucosa have dense, homogenous, aporous collagen structures that potentially limit cellular penetration, undermining the theoretical benefit of a "natural" collagen scaffold. We hypothesized that Miromesh-a novel prosthetic derived from porcine liver by perfusion decellularization-provides a more optimal matrix for tissue ingrowth. METHODS Thirty rats underwent survival surgery that constituted the creation of a 4 × 1 cm abdominal defect and simultaneous bridged repair. Twenty rats were bridged with Miromesh, and 10 rats were bridged with non-cross-linked porcine dermis (Strattice). Ten Miromesh and all 10 Strattice were rinsed in vancomycin solution and inoculated with 10(4) colony-forming units of green fluorescent protein-labeled Staphylococcus aureus (GFP-SA) after implantation. Ten Miromesh controls were neither soaked nor inoculated. No animals received systemic antibiotics. All animals were euthanized at 90 d and underwent an examination of their gross appearance before being sectioned for quantitative bacterial culture and histologic grading. A pathologist scored specimens (0-4) for cellular infiltration, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, granulation tissue, foreign body reaction, and fibrous capsule formation. RESULTS All but one rat repaired with Strattice survived until the 90-d euthanization. All quantitative bacterial cultures for inoculated specimens were negative for GFP-SA. Of nine Strattice explants, none received a cellular infiltration score >0, consistent with a poor tissue-mesh interface observed grossly. Of 10 Miromesh explants also inoculated with GFP-SA, seven of 10 demonstrated cellular infiltration with an average score of +2.7 ± 0.8, whereas sterile Miromesh implants received an average score of 0.8 ± 1.0. Two inoculated Miromesh implants demonstrated acute inflammation and infection on histology. CONCLUSIONS A prosthetic generated from porcine liver by perfusion decellularization provides a matrix for superior cellular infiltration compared with non-cross-linked porcine dermis.
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296
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Balestrini JL, Gard AL, Liu A, Leiby KL, Schwan J, Kunkemoeller B, Calle EA, Sivarapatna A, Lin T, Dimitrievska S, Cambpell SG, Niklason LE. Production of decellularized porcine lung scaffolds for use in tissue engineering. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:1598-610. [PMID: 26426090 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00063g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of work dedicated to producing acellular lung scaffolds for use in regenerative medicine by decellularizing donor lungs of various species. These scaffolds typically undergo substantial matrix damage due to the harsh conditions required to remove cellular material (e.g., high pH, strong detergents), lengthy processing times, or pre-existing tissue contamination from microbial colonization. In this work, a new decellularization technique is described that maintains the global tissue architecture, key matrix components, mechanical composition and cell-seeding potential of lung tissue while effectively removing resident cellular material. Acellular lung scaffolds were produced from native porcine lungs using a combination of Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) at low concentrations in 24 hours. We assessed the effect of matrix decellularization by measuring residual DNA, biochemical composition, mechanical characteristics, tissue architecture, and recellularization capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Balestrini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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297
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Grasman JM, Zayas MJ, Page RL, Pins GD. Biomimetic scaffolds for regeneration of volumetric muscle loss in skeletal muscle injuries. Acta Biomater 2015. [PMID: 26219862 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries typically result from traumatic incidents such as combat injuries where soft-tissue extremity injuries are present in one of four cases. Further, about 4.5 million reconstructive surgical procedures are performed annually as a result of car accidents, cancer ablation, or cosmetic procedures. These combat- and trauma-induced skeletal muscle injuries are characterized by volumetric muscle loss (VML), which significantly reduces the functionality of the injured muscle. While skeletal muscle has an innate repair mechanism, it is unable to compensate for VML injuries because large amounts of tissue including connective tissue and basement membrane are removed or destroyed. This results in a significant need to develop off-the-shelf biomimetic scaffolds to direct skeletal muscle regeneration. Here, the structure and organization of native skeletal muscle tissue is described in order to reveal clear design parameters that are necessary for scaffolds to mimic in order to successfully regenerate muscular tissue. We review the literature with respect to the materials and methodologies used to develop scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration as well as the limitations of these materials. We further discuss the variety of cell sources and different injury models to provide some context for the multiple approaches used to evaluate these scaffold materials. Recent findings are highlighted to address the state of the field and directions are outlined for future strategies, both in scaffold design and in the use of different injury models to evaluate these materials, for regenerating functional skeletal muscle. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries result from traumatic incidents such as those presented from combat missions, where soft-tissue extremity injuries are represented in one of four cases. These injuries remove or destroy large amounts of skeletal muscle including the basement membrane and connective tissue, removing the structural, mechanical, and biochemical cues that usually direct its repair. This results in a significant need to develop off-the-shelf biomimetic scaffolds to direct skeletal muscle regeneration. In this review, we examine current strategies for the development of scaffold materials designed for skeletal muscle regeneration, highlighting advances and limitations associated with these methodologies. Finally, we identify future approaches to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration.
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298
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Ahadian S, Sadeghian RB, Salehi S, Ostrovidov S, Bae H, Ramalingam M, Khademhosseini A. Bioconjugated Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1984-2001. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samad Ahadian
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ramin Banan Sadeghian
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Sahar Salehi
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Serge Ostrovidov
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hojae Bae
- College
of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong,
Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Centre
for Stem Cell Research, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore 632002, India
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- College
of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong,
Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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299
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Ricard-Blum S, Vallet SD. Proteases decode the extracellular matrix cryptome. Biochimie 2015; 122:300-13. [PMID: 26382969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is comprised of 1100 core-matrisome and matrisome-associated proteins and of glycosaminoglycans. This structural scaffold contributes to the organization and mechanical properties of tissues and modulates cell behavior. The extracellular matrix is dynamic and undergoes constant remodeling, which leads to diseases if uncontrolled. Bioactive fragments, called matricryptins, are released from the extracellular proteins by limited proteolysis and have biological activities on their own. They regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes such as angiogenesis, cancer, diabetes, wound healing, fibrosis and infectious diseases and either improve or worsen the course of diseases depending on the matricryptins and on the molecular and biological contexts. Several protease families release matricryptins from core-matrisome and matrisome-associated proteins both in vitro and in vivo. The major proteases, which decrypt the extracellular matrix, are zinc metalloproteinases of the metzincin superfamily (matrixins, adamalysins and astacins), cysteine proteinases and serine proteases. Some matricryptins act as enzyme inhibitors, further connecting protease and matricryptin fates and providing intricate regulation of major physiopathological processes such as angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. They strengthen the role of the extracellular matrix as a key player in tissue failure and core-matrisome and matrisome-associated proteins as important therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- UMR 5086 CNRS - Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Sylvain D Vallet
- UMR 5086 CNRS - Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
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300
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Ethical considerations in tissue engineering research: Case studies in translation. Methods 2015; 99:135-44. [PMID: 26282436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering research is a complex process that requires investigators to focus on the relationship between their research and anticipated gains in both knowledge and treatment improvements. The ethical considerations arising from tissue engineering research are similarly complex when addressing the translational progression from bench to bedside, and investigators in the field of tissue engineering act as moral agents at each step of their research along the translational pathway, from early benchwork and preclinical studies to clinical research. This review highlights the ethical considerations and challenges at each stage of research, by comparing issues surrounding two translational tissue engineering technologies: the bioartificial pancreas and a tissue engineered skeletal muscle construct. We present relevant ethical issues and questions to consider at each step along the translational pathway, from the basic science bench to preclinical research to first-in-human clinical trials. Topics at the bench level include maintaining data integrity, appropriate reporting and dissemination of results, and ensuring that studies are designed to yield results suitable for advancing research. Topics in preclinical research include the principle of "modest translational distance" and appropriate animal models. Topics in clinical research include key issues that arise in early-stage clinical trials, including selection of patient-subjects, disclosure of uncertainty, and defining success. The comparison of these two technologies and their ethical issues brings to light many challenges for translational tissue engineering research and provides guidance for investigators engaged in development of any tissue engineering technology.
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