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Cardus A, Uryga AK, Walters G, Erusalimsky JD. SIRT6 protects human endothelial cells from DNA damage, telomere dysfunction, and senescence. Cardiovasc Res 2012. [PMID: 23201774 PMCID: PMC3567786 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although endothelial cell senescence is known to play an important role in the development of cardiovascular pathologies, mechanisms that attenuate this process have not been extensively investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SIRT6, a member of the sirtuin family of NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases/ADP-ribosyltransferases, protects endothelial cells from premature senescence and dysfunction, and if so which is its mode of action. METHODS AND RESULTS mRNA expression analysis demonstrated comparable levels of SIRT1 and SIRT6 transcripts in endothelial cells derived from different vascular beds and significantly higher levels of SIRT6 in these cells relative to those in haematopoietic progenitor cells. SIRT6 depletion by RNA interference in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and aortic endothelial cells reduced cell proliferation, increased the fraction of senescence-associated-β-galactosidase-positive cells, and diminished the ability of the cells to form tubule networks on Matrigel. Further examination of SIRT6-depleted HUVEC demonstrated higher intercellular-adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 mRNA, lower levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA and protein, higher ICAM-1 surface expression, and up-regulation of p21. Fluorescence microscopy of SIRT6-depleted HUVEC stained with anti-phospho-histone H2A.X and anti-telomere-repeat-binding-factor-1 antibodies showed evidence of increased nuclear DNA damage and the formation of telomere dysfunction-induced foci. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates that the presence of SIRT6 in endothelial cells confers protection from telomere and genomic DNA damage, thus preventing a decrease in replicative capacity and the onset of premature senescence. These findings suggest that SIRT6 may be important to maintain endothelial homeostatic functions and delay vascular ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cardus
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
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252
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Puca AA, Carrizzo A, Ferrario A, Villa F, Vecchione C. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase, vascular integrity and human exceptional longevity. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2012; 9:26. [PMID: 23153280 PMCID: PMC3538508 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-9-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the sum of the deleterious changes that occur as time goes by. It is the main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, and aging of the vasculature is the event that most often impacts on the health of elderly people. The “free-radical theory of aging” was proposed to explain aging as a consequence of the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, recent findings contradict this theory, and it now seems that mechanisms mediating longevity act through induction of oxidative stress. In fact, calorie restriction − a powerful way of delaying aging − increases ROS accumulation due to stimulation of the basal metabolic rate; moreover, reports show that antioxidant therapy is detrimental to healthy aging. We also now know that genetic manipulation of the insulin-like-growth-factor-1/insulin signal (IIS) has a profound impact on the rate of aging and that the IIS is modulated by calorie restriction and physical exercise. The IIS regulates activation of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the activity of which is essential to improving lifespan through calorie restriction, as demonstrated by experiments on eNOS knockout mice. Indeed, eNOS has a key role in maintaining vascular integrity during aging by activating vasorelaxation and allowing migration and angiogenesis. In this review, we will overview current literature on these topics and we will try to convince the reader of the importance of vascular integrity and nitric oxide production in determining healthy aging.
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253
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Abstract
Aging is a complex trait and is influenced by multiple factors that are both intrinsic and extrinsic to the organism (Kirkwood et al. 2000; Knight 2000). Efforts to understanding the mechanisms that extend or shorten lifespan have been made since the early twentieth century. Aging is characteristically associated with a progressive decline in the overall fitness of the organism. Several studies have provided valuable information about the molecular events that accompany this process and include accumulation of nuclear and mitochondrial mutations, shortened and dysfunctional telomeres, oxidative damage of protein/DNA, senescence and apoptosis (Muller 2009). Clinical studies and work on model organisms have shown that there is an increased susceptibility to conditions such as neurological disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, degenerative syndromes and even cancers, with age (Arvanitakis et al. 2006; Lee and Kim 2006; Rodriguez and Fraga 2010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmitha Lazarus
- B-306, Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, 400 005, India
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254
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Han X, Ling S, Gan W, Sun L, Duan J, Xu JW. 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside ameliorates vascular senescence and improves blood flow involving a mechanism of p53 deacetylation. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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255
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Qin WD, Wei SJ, Wang XP, Wang J, Wang WK, Liu F, Gong L, Yan F, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibition protects against low shear stress induced inflammation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:59-68. [PMID: 23085506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis begins as local inflammation of vessels at sites of disturbed flow, where low shear stress (LSS) leads to mechanical irritation and plaque development and progression. Nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is associated with the inflammation response during atherosclerosis. We investigated the role and underlying mechanism of PARP-1 in LSS-induced inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS AND RESULTS HUVECs were simulated by LSS (0.4Pa). PARP-1 expression was inhibited by ABT888 or siRNA. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and intercellular adhesion molecular-1 (ICAM-1) expression was regulated by LSS in a time dependent manner. LSS could increase superoxide production and 3-nitrotyrosine formation. LSS induced DNA damage as assessed by H2A.X phosphorylation and comet assay. Compared with cells under static, LSS increased PARP-1 expression and PAR formation via MEK/ERK signaling pathway. PARP-1 inhibition increased Sirt1 activity through an increased intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) level. Moreover, PARP-1 inhibition attenuated LSS-induced iNOS and ICAM-1 upregulation by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and activity, with a reduced NF-κB phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS LSS induced oxidative damage and PARP-1 activation via MEK/ERK pathway. PARP-1 inhibition restored Sirt1 activity by increasing NAD(+) level and decreased iNOS and ICAM-1 expression by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation and activity as well as NF-κB phosphorylation. PARP-1 played a fundamental role in LSS induced inflammation. Inhibition of PARP-1 might be a mechanism for treatment of inflammation response during atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-dong Qin
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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256
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MicroRNAs in Vascular Biology. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:794898. [PMID: 23056947 PMCID: PMC3463915 DOI: 10.1155/2012/794898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation is an important component of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and aneurysms. All vascular cells, including endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and infiltrating cells, such as macrophages, orchestrate a series of pathological events. Despite dramatic improvements in the treatment of atherosclerosis, the molecular basis of vascular inflammation is not well understood. In the last decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been revealed as novel regulators of vascular inflammation. Each miRNAs suppresses a set of genes, forming complex regulatory network. This paper provides an overview of current advances that have been made in revealing the roles of miRNAs during vascular inflammation. Recent studies show that miRNAs not only exist inside cells but also circulate in blood. These circulating miRNAs are useful biomarkers for diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, recent studies demonstrate that circulating miRNAs are delivered into certain recipient cells and act as messengers. These studies suggest that miRNAs provide new therapeutic opportunities.
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257
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Red wine extract protects against oxidative-stress-induced endothelial senescence. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 123:499-507. [PMID: 22563892 DOI: 10.1042/cs20110679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Red wine polyphenols may preserve endothelial function during aging. Endothelial cell senescence enhances age-related endothelial dysfunction. We investigated whether RWE (red wine extract) prevents oxidative-stress-induced senescence in HUVECs (human umbilical-vein endothelial cells). Senescence was induced by exposing HUVECs to tBHP (t-butylhydroperoxide), and quantified by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. RWE (0-50 μg/ml) concentration dependently decreased senescence by maximally 33±7.1%. RWE prevented the senescence-associated increase in p21 protein expression, inhibited tBHP-induced DNA damage of endothelial cells and induced relaxation of PCAs (porcine coronary arteries). Inhibition of SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) by sirtinol partially reversed the effect of RWE on tBHP-induced senescence, whereas both the NOS (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor L-NMMA (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine) and the COX (cyclo-oxygenase) inhibitor indomethacin fully inhibited it. Furthermore, incubation of HUVECs with RWE increased eNOS (endothelial NOS) and COX-2 mRNA levels as well as phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177. RWE protects endothelial cells from tBHP-induced senescence. NO and COX-2, in addition to activation of SIRT1, play a critical role in the inhibition of senescence induction in human endothelial cells by RWE.
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258
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Wang JC, Bennett M. Aging and atherosclerosis: mechanisms, functional consequences, and potential therapeutics for cellular senescence. Circ Res 2012; 111:245-59. [PMID: 22773427 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.261388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is classed as a disease of aging, such that increasing age is an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is also associated with premature biological aging, as atherosclerotic plaques show evidence of cellular senescence characterized by reduced cell proliferation, irreversible growth arrest and apoptosis, elevated DNA damage, epigenetic modifications, and telomere shortening and dysfunction. Not only is cellular senescence associated with atherosclerosis, there is growing evidence that cellular senescence promotes atherosclerosis. This review examines the pathology of normal vascular aging, the evidence for cellular senescence in atherosclerosis, the mechanisms underlying cellular senescence including reactive oxygen species, replication exhaustion and DNA damage, the functional consequences of vascular cell senescence, and the possibility that preventing accelerated cellular senescence is a therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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259
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Lei J, Gu X, Ye Z, Shi J, Zheng X. Antiaging effects of simvastatin on vascular endothelial cells. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2012; 20:212-8. [PMID: 22964779 DOI: 10.1177/1076029612458967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiarteriosclerosis activities of simvastatin along with its protective effects on the endothelium suggest that it may also have antiaging effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiaging effects of simvastatin as well as its effects on sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression in endothelial cells. Aged rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with simvastatin in the presence and absence of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL). Aortic β-galactosidase staining was undertaken to determine senescence, and SIRT1 protein expression was evaluated using Western blot analysis. After simvastatin therapy, arterial endothelial cell aging was significantly reduced, and SIRT1 expression was significantly increased. The OX-LDL significantly accelerated the senescence of umbilical vein endothelial cells and decreased SIRT1 expression. The OX-LDL-induced downregulation of SIRT1 was blocked by simvastatin. Simvastatin treatment also reduced umbilical vein endothelial cell aging and increased SIRT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Lei
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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260
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Wang Y, Xu C, Liang Y, Vanhoutte PM. SIRT1 in metabolic syndrome: where to target matters. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 136:305-18. [PMID: 22939883 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), the mammalian ortholog of yeast Sir2p, is a highly conserved NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase that has emerged as a key cardiometabolic regulator. During the past decade, Sir2p has been the focus of intense investigations and discussion because it regulates longevity in yeast, worms and flies. Although the extrapolation of data obtained from yeast Sir2p to mammalian SIRT1 cannot be automatic, animal studies provide convincing evidence that SIRT1 is a potent protector against aging-associated pathologies, in particular metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, many exciting connections exist between the protein deacetylation function of SIRT1 and its role in fundamental biological responses to various nutritional and environmental signals. As a result, pharmaceutical and nutriceutical interventions targeting SIRT1 are promising strategies to combat aging-associated diseases. The present review summarizes the recent progress in SIRT1 research with a particular focus on the specificities of this protein in individual tissues as they relate to cardiometabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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261
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Perspectives on translational and therapeutic aspects of SIRT1 in inflammaging and senescence. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1332-9. [PMID: 22796566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a type III protein deacetylase, is considered as a novel anti-aging protein involved in regulation of cellular senescence/aging and inflammation. SIRT1 level and activity are decreased during lung inflammaging caused by oxidative stress. The mechanism of SIRT1-mediated protection against inflammaging is associated with the regulation of inflammation, premature senescence, telomere attrition, senescence associated secretory phenotype, and DNA damage response. A variety of dietary polyphenols and pharmacological activators are shown to regulate SIRT1 so as to intervene the progression of type 2 diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with inflammaging. However, recent studies have shown the non-specific regulation of SIRT1 by the aforementioned pharmacological activators and polyphenols. In this perspective, we have briefly discussed the role of SIRT1 in regulation of cellular senescence and its associated secretory phenotype, DNA damage response, particularly in lung inflammaging and during the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. We have also discussed the potential directions for future translational therapeutic avenues for SIRT1 in modulating lung inflammaging associated with senescence in chronic lung diseases associated with increased oxidative stress.
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262
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Ginsenoside Rb1 reverses H2O2-induced senescence in human umbilical endothelial cells: involvement of eNOS pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012; 59:222-30. [PMID: 22030897 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31823c1d34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Senescence of endothelial cells has been implicated in endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. This study investigated the effects of Rb1, a major ginsenoside in ginseng, on H2O2-induced senescence in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS AND RESULTS Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression, respectively. H2O2 (40∼100 μmol/L) effectively increased SA-β-gal activity and PAI-1 mRNA levels, two important senescence related biomarkers, in HUVECs, which were dramatically inhibited by Rb1 pre-incubation. Furthermore, Rb1 administration reversed the H2O2-decreased protein and mRNA levels of eNOS and its phosphorylation at Ser-1177, and the increased eNOS phosphorylation at Thr-495. As a result, Rb1 pretreatment restored the NO generation, as assayed by nitrate reductase method. However, pretreatment with L-NAME, a NOS inhibitor, abolished all the inhibitory effects of Rb1 on senescence. Importantly, Rb1 modulated the H2O2-altered caveolin-1 and pAkt, two most important regulators of eNOS expression and activity, in HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS We showed that Rb1 effectively protects HUVECs from senescence through eNOS modulation.
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263
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Wang J, Kim TH, Ahn MY, Lee J, Jung JH, Choi WS, Lee BM, Yoon KS, Yoon S, Kim HS. Sirtinol, a class III HDAC inhibitor, induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1101-9. [PMID: 22751989 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs), NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylases (HDACs), play an important role in the regulation of cell division, survival and senescence. Although a number of effective SIRT inhibitors have been developed, little is known about the specific mechanisms of their anticancer activity. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of sirtinol, a SIRT inhibitor, on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Apoptotic and autophagic cell death were measured. Sirtinol significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 values of sirtinol were 48.6 µM (24 h) and 43.5 µM (48 h) in MCF-7 cells. As expected, sirtinol significantly increased the acetylation of p53, which has been reported to be a target of SIRT1/2. Flow cyto-metry analysis revealed that sirtinol significantly increased the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The upregulation of Bax, downregulation of Bcl-2 and cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, which are considered as mechanisms of apoptotic cell death, were observed in the MCF-7 cells treated with sirtinol. The annexin V-FITC assay was used to confirm sirtinol-induced apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, the expression of LC3-II, an autophagy-related molecule, was significantly increased in MCF-7 cells after sirtinol treatment. Autophagic cell death was confirmed by acridine orange and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. Of note, pre-treatment with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) increased the sirtinol-induced MCF-7 cell cytotoxicity, which is associated with blocking autophagic cell death and increasing apoptotic cell death. Based on our results, the downregulation of SIRT1/2 expression may play an important role in the regulation of breast cancer cell death; thus, SIRT1/2 may be a novel molecular target for cancer therapy and these findings may provide a molecular basis for targeting SIRT1/2 in future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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264
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Abstract
Blood vessels form the first organ in the developing embryo and build extensive networks that supply all cells with nutrients and oxygen throughout life. As blood vessels get older, they often become abnormal in structure and function, thereby contributing to numerous age-associated diseases including ischemic heart and brain disease, neurodegeneration, or cancer. First described as regulators of the aging process in invertebrate model organisms, Forkhead box "O" (FOXO) transcription factors and sirtuin deacetylases are now emerging as key regulators of mammalian vascular development and disease. The integration of individual FOXO and sirtuin family members into various aspects of vessel growth, maintenance, and function provides new perspectives on disease mechanisms of aging, the most important risk factor for medical maladies of the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Oellerich
- Vascular Epigenetics Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
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265
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Abstract
Aging is a dominant risk factor for most forms of cardiovascular disease. Impaired angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction likely contribute to the increased prevalence of both cardiovascular diseases and their adverse sequelae in the elderly. Angiogenesis is both an essential adaptive response to physiological stress and an endogenous repair mechanism after ischemic injury. In addition, induction of angiogenesis is a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic diseases. For these reasons, understanding the basis of age-related impairment of angiogenesis and endothelial function has important implications for understanding and managing cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that contribute to impaired angiogenesis in the elderly and potential therapeutic approaches to improving vascular function and angiogenesis in aging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lähteenvuo
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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266
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El Assar M, Angulo J, Vallejo S, Peiró C, Sánchez-Ferrer CF, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Mechanisms involved in the aging-induced vascular dysfunction. Front Physiol 2012; 3:132. [PMID: 22783194 PMCID: PMC3361078 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is a key process determining health status of aged population. Aging is an independent cardiovascular risk factor associated to an impairment of endothelial function, which is a very early and important event leading to cardiovascular disease. Vascular aging, formerly being considered an immutable and inexorable risk factor, is now viewed as a target process for intervention in order to achieve a healthier old age. A further knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the age-related vascular dysfunction is required to design an adequate therapeutic strategy to prevent or restore this impairment of vascular functionality. Among the proposed mechanisms that contribute to age-dependent endothelial dysfunction, this review is focused on the following aspects occurring into the vascular wall: (1) the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, caused by diminished NO synthesis and/or by augmented NO scavenging due to oxidative stress, leading to peroxynitrite formation (ONOO(-)); (2) the possible sources involved in the enhancement of oxidative stress; (3) the increased activity of vasoconstrictor factors; and (4) the development of a low-grade pro-inflammatory environment. Synergisms and interactions between all these pathways are also analyzed. Finally, a brief summary of some cellular mechanisms related to endothelial cell senescence (including telomere and telomerase, stress-induced senescence, as well as sirtuins) are implemented, as they are likely involved in the age-dependent endothelial dysfunction, as well as in the lower vascular repairing capacity observed in the elderly. Prevention or reversion of those mechanisms leading to endothelial dysfunction through life style modifications or pharmacological interventions could markedly improve cardiovascular health in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de Getafe Madrid, Spain
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267
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Triggle CR, Samuel SM, Ravishankar S, Marei I, Arunachalam G, Ding H. The endothelium: influencing vascular smooth muscle in many ways. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:713-38. [PMID: 22625870 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium, although only a single layer of cells lining the vascular and lymphatic systems, contributes in multiple ways to vascular homeostasis. Subsequent to the 1980 report by Robert Furchgott and John Zawadzki, there has been a phenomenal increase in our knowledge concerning the signalling molecules and pathways that regulate endothelial - vascular smooth muscle communication. It is now recognised that the endothelium is not only an important source of nitric oxide (NO), but also numerous other signalling molecules, including the putative endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), prostacyclin (PGI(2)), and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), which have both vasodilator and vasoconstrictor properties. In addition, the endothelium, either via transferred chemical mediators, such as NO and PGI(2), and (or) low-resistance electrical coupling through myoendothelial gap junctions, modulates flow-mediated vasodilatation as well as influencing mitogenic activity, platelet aggregation, and neutrophil adhesion. Disruption of endothelial function is an early indicator of the development of vascular disease, and thus an important area for further research and identification of potentially new therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the signalling pathways that regulate endothelial - vascular smooth muscle communication and the mechanisms that initiate endothelial dysfunction, particularly with respect to diabetic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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268
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Schleithoff C, Voelter-Mahlknecht S, Dahmke IN, Mahlknecht U. On the epigenetics of vascular regulation and disease. Clin Epigenetics 2012; 4:7. [PMID: 22621747 PMCID: PMC3438017 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-4-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consolidated knowledge is accumulating as to the role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the physiology of vascular development and vascular tone as well as in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The modulation of gene expression through modification of the epigenome by structural changes of the chromatin architecture without alterations of the associated genomic DNA sequence is part of the cellular response to environmental changes. Such environmental conditions, which are finally being translated into adaptations of the cardiovascular system, also comprise pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis or myocardial infarction. This review summarizes recent findings on the epigenetics of vascular regulation and disease and presents nutritional and pharmacological approaches as novel epigenetic strategies in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schleithoff
- Saarland University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy, Homburg, Saar, D-66421, Germany
| | - Susanne Voelter-Mahlknecht
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University of Tuebingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, D-72074, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Indra Navina Dahmke
- Saarland University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy, Homburg, Saar, D-66421, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mahlknecht
- Saarland University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy, Homburg, Saar, D-66421, Germany
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Shin KK, Kim YJ, Hong CP, Yang JW, Bae YC, Jung JS. Retracted article: miR-598 induces replicative senescence in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells via silent information regulator 1. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 372:285. [PMID: 22581440 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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270
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Rahman I, Kinnula VL, Gorbunova V, Yao H. SIRT1 as a therapeutic target in inflammaging of the pulmonary disease. Prev Med 2012; 54 Suppl:S20-8. [PMID: 22178470 PMCID: PMC3311735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic inflammation and cellular senescence are intertwined in the pathogenesis of premature aging, which is considered as an important contributing factor in driving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))-dependent protein/histone deacetylase, regulates inflammation, senescence/aging, stress resistance, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage repair via deacetylating intracellular signaling molecules and chromatin histones. The present review describes the mechanism and regulation of SIRT1 by environmental agents/oxidants/reactive aldehydes and pro-inflammatory stimuli in lung inflammation and aging. The role of dietary polyphenols in regulation of SIRT1 in inflammaging is also discussed. METHODS Analysis of current research findings on the mechanism of inflammation and senescence/aging (i.e., inflammaging) and their regulation by SIRT1 in premature aging of the lung. RESULTS COPD is a disease of the lung inflammaging, which is associated with the DNA damage response, transcription activation and chromatin modifications. SIRT1 regulates inflammaging via regulating forkhead box class O 3, p53, nuclear factor kappa B, histones and various proteins involved in DNA damage and repair. Polyphenols and its analogs have been shown to activate SIRT1 although they have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. CONCLUSIONS Targeting lung inflammation and cellular senescence as well as premature lung aging using pharmacological SIRT1 activators or polyphenols would be a promising therapeutic intervention for COPD/emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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271
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TAJBAKHSH NEGARA, SOKOYA ELKEM. Regulation of Cerebral Vascular Function by Sirtuin 1. Microcirculation 2012; 19:336-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2012.00167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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272
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MicroRNA-34a regulates the longevity-associated protein SIRT1 in coronary artery disease: effect of statins on SIRT1 and microRNA-34a expression. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 123:161-71. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial senescence is thought to play a role in CAD (coronary artery disease). miR-34a (microRNA-34a) and other SIRT1 (silent information regulator 1)-related miRs have recently been found to target SIRT1 leading to endothelial senescence. In the present study, we investigated whether SIRT1-related miRs, including miR-9, miR-34a, miR-132, miR-181a, miR-195, miR-199a, miR-199b and miR-204, and SIRT1 were expressed in EPCs (endothelial progenitor cells) obtained from patients with CAD, and whether statins (atorvastatin or rosuvastatin) affected these levels. To determine the effects of miR-34a on SIRT1, cultured EPCs transfected with miR-34a were analysed for total SIRT1 protein levels. EPCs were obtained from 70 patients with CAD and 48 subjects without CAD. Patients with CAD were randomized to 8 months of treatment with atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. EPCs were obtained from peripheral blood at baseline and after 8 months of statin therapy. Levels of miRs and SIRT1 in EPCs were measured by real-time RT–PCR (reverse transcription–PCR) and FACS. Functional approaches to miR-34a have shown that transfection of miR-34a into EPCs resulted in regulation of SIRT1 expression. Levels of miR-34a were higher in the CAD group than in the non-CAD group, whereas levels of SIRT1 protein were lower in the CAD group than in the non-CAD group. There were no significant differences in other miRs (miR-9, miR-132, miR-181a, miR-195, miR-199a, miR-199b and miR-204) between the two groups. Levels of miR-34a were mildly negatively correlated with SIRT1 protein levels. A randomized clinical study has shown that the atorvastatin group had markedly decreased miR-34a levels and increased SIRT1 levels, whereas the rosuvastatin group showed no change in these levels. Levels of other miRs remained unchanged in the atorvastatin and rosuvastatin groups. In conclusion the results of the present study suggest that miR-34a may regulate SIRT1 expression in EPCs and that atorvastatin up-regulates SIRT1 expression via inhibition of miR-34a, possibly contributing to the beneficial effects of atorvastatin on endothelial function in CAD.
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273
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High-fat diet increases and the polyphenol, S17834, decreases acetylation of the sirtuin-1-dependent lysine-382 on p53 and apoptotic signaling in atherosclerotic lesion-prone aortic endothelium of normal mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012; 58:263-71. [PMID: 21654327 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182239eb7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our purpose was to determine if high-fat diet and treatment with a polyphenol regulate the acetylation of lysine-382 of p53, the site regulated by sirtuin-1, and apoptosis in the endothelium of the atherosclerotic lesion-prone mouse aortic arch. In cultured endothelial cells, 2 atherogenic stimuli, hydrogen peroxide and tumor necrosis factor-α, increased the acetylation of p53 lysine-382, and caspase-3 cleavage, an indicator of apoptotic signaling. The polyphenol, S17834, significantly prevented these changes. In low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice, a high-fat diet increased, and treatment with S17834 attenuated early atherosclerotic lesions on the lesser curvature of the aortic arch. In wild-type C57BL6 mice fed the same diet, no atherosclerotic lesions were observed in this lesion-prone area, but p53 acetylation and caspase-3 cleavage increased in the endothelium. In high-fat fed mice, S17834 increased sirtuin-1 protein in the lesion-prone endothelium and prevented both the increase in p53 acetylation and caspase-3 cleavage without affecting blood lipids. These results indicate that high-fat diet increases and S17834 decreases the acetylation of p53 in lesion-prone aortic endothelial cells of normal mice independently of blood lipids, suggesting that the polyphenol may regulate endothelial cell p53 acetylation and apoptosis via local actions.
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274
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Patella F, Rainaldi G. MicroRNAs mediate metabolic stresses and angiogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1049-65. [PMID: 21842412 PMCID: PMC11115142 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short endogenous RNA molecules that are able to regulate (mainly inhibiting) gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The MicroRNA expression profile is cell-specific, but it is sensitive to perturbations produced by stresses and diseases. Endothelial cells subjected to metabolic stresses, such as calorie restriction, nutrients excess (glucose, cholesterol, lipids) and hypoxia may alter their functionality. This is predictive for the development of pathologies like atherosclerosis, diabetes, and hypertension. Moreover, cancer cells can activate a resting endothelium by secreting pro-angiogenic factors, in order to promote neoangiogenesis, which is essential for tumor growth. Endothelial altered phenotype is mirrored by altered mRNA, microRNA, and protein expression, with a microRNA being able to control pathways by regulating the expression of multiple mRNAs. In this review we will consider the involvement of microRNAs in modulating the response of endothelial cells to metabolic stresses and their role in promoting or halting angiogenesis.
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275
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Kietadisorn R, Juni RP, Moens AL. Tackling endothelial dysfunction by modulating NOS uncoupling: new insights into its pathogenesis and therapeutic possibilities. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E481-95. [PMID: 22167522 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00540.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) serves as a critical enzyme in maintaining vascular pressure by producing nitric oxide (NO); hence, it has a crucial role in the regulation of endothelial function. The bioavailability of eNOS-derived NO is crucial for this function and might be affected at multiple levels. Uncoupling of eNOS, with subsequently less NO and more superoxide generation, is one of the major underlying causes of endothelial dysfunction found in atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, cigarette smoking, hyperhomocysteinemia, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, modulating eNOS uncoupling by stabilizing eNOS activity, enhancing its substrate, cofactors, and transcription, and reversing uncoupled eNOS are attractive therapeutic approaches to improve endothelial function. This review provides an extensive overview of the important role of eNOS uncoupling in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and the potential therapeutic interventions to modulate eNOS for tackling endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinrada Kietadisorn
- Maastricht Univ. Medical Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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276
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Age-related changes in endothelial function and blood flow regulation. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 133:159-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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277
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Tang Y, Xu J, Qu W, Peng X, Xin P, Yang X, Ying C, Sun X, Hao L. Resveratrol reduces vascular cell senescence through attenuation of oxidative stress by SIRT1/NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1410-6. [PMID: 22284404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Senescence of vascular cells contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases and the overall aging. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of resveratrol (Res) on amelioration of vascular cell aging and the role of SIRT1/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult male Wistar rats were treated with a high-fat/sucrose diet (HFS) in the presence or absence of Res for 3 months. HFS and in vitro treatment with high glucose increased the senescence cells and reactive oxygen species production in rat aorta and cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), respectively, which was attenuated by Res treatment. Res protected against HFS- or high-glucose-induced increase in NADPH oxidase p47phox expression and decrease in SIRT1 level. Apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, down-regulated p47phox protein expression, but had no influence on SIRT1 protein; sirtinol, a SIRT1 inhibitor, aggravated the decrease in SIRT1 protein level and the increase in p47phox protein expression induced by high glucose. CONCLUSION Our studies suggested that Res was able to reverse the senescence process in aorta induced by HFS in rats or induced by the exposure to high glucose in cultured BAECs. The underlying mechanism is at least SIRT1/NADPH oxidase pathway dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
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278
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Ota H, Akishita M, Akiyoshi T, Kahyo T, Setou M, Ogawa S, Iijima K, Eto M, Ouchi Y. Testosterone deficiency accelerates neuronal and vascular aging of SAMP8 mice: protective role of eNOS and SIRT1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29598. [PMID: 22238626 PMCID: PMC3251570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and atherosclerosis-related vascular disorders are risk factors for cognitive decline with aging. In a small clinical study in men, testosterone improved cognitive function; however, it is unknown how testosterone ameliorates the pathogenesis of cognitive decline with aging. Here, we investigated whether the cognitive decline in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8), which exhibits cognitive impairment and hypogonadism, could be reversed by testosterone, and the mechanism by which testosterone inhibits cognitive decline. We found that treatment with testosterone ameliorated cognitive function and inhibited senescence of hippocampal vascular endothelial cells of SAMP8. Notably, SAMP8 showed enhancement of oxidative stress in the hippocampus. We observed that an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, SIRT1, played an important role in the protective effect of testosterone against oxidative stress-induced endothelial senescence. Testosterone increased eNOS activity and subsequently induced SIRT1 expression. SIRT1 inhibited endothelial senescence via up-regulation of eNOS. Finally, we showed, using co-culture system, that senescent endothelial cells promoted neuronal senescence through humoral factors. Our results suggest a critical role of testosterone and SIRT1 in the prevention of vascular and neuronal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Ota
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akishita
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takuyu Akiyoshi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sumito Ogawa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Iijima
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Eto
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Ouchi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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279
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Yamashita S, Ogawa K, Ikei T, Udono M, Fujiki T, Katakura Y. SIRT1 prevents replicative senescence of normal human umbilical cord fibroblast through potentiating the transcription of human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 417:630-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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280
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Mahlknecht U, Zschoernig B. Involvement of Sirtuins in Life-Span and Aging Related Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 739:252-61. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1704-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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281
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Kim YJ, Hwang SH, Lee SY, Shin KK, Cho HH, Bae YC, Jung JS. miR-486-5p induces replicative senescence of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and its expression is controlled by high glucose. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:1749-60. [PMID: 21988232 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of adult stem cell self-renewal can be an important mechanism of aging. MicroRNAs have been reported to be involved in aging processes. Through a microarray approach, we have identified miR-486-5p, the expression of which is progressively expressed in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAT-MSCs) with aging. Overexpression of miR-486-5p induces a premature senescence-like phenotype and inhibits proliferation of hAT-MSCs and inhibits adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, whereas inhibition of miR-486-5p has the opposite effects. miR-486-5p regulates the expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a major regulator of longevity and metabolic disorders. Decrease of SIRT1 deacetylase activity in hAT-MSCs is correlated with their passage number. miR-486-5p inhibits SIRT1 expression through a miR-486-5p binding site within the 3'-untranslated region of SIRT1. Overexpression of miR-486-5p inhibits SIRT1 deacetylase activity in hAT-MSCs, and transfection of miR-486-5p inhibitor shows the opposite effect. Downregulation of SIRT1 in hAT-MSCs induces senescence and inhibits cell proliferation. Exposure to high glucose increases miR-486-5p expression and inhibits SIRT1 expression in hAT-MSCs. Our data pinpoint miR-486-5p as an endogenous inhibitor of SIRT1 that promotes hAT-MSCs senescence and is potentially applicable to therapeutic manipulation of hAT-MSCs dysfunction in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea
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282
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Cho JH, Kim MJ, Kim KJ, Kim JR. POZ/BTB and AT-hook-containing zinc finger protein 1 (PATZ1) inhibits endothelial cell senescence through a p53 dependent pathway. Cell Death Differ 2011; 19:703-12. [PMID: 22052190 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cell senescence, induced by the DNA damage response or inflammatory stress, contributes to age-associated vascular disease. Using complementary DNA microarray technology, we found that the level of POZ/BTB and AT-hook-containing zinc finger protein 1 (PATZ1) is downregulated during endothelial cell (EC) senescence. PATZ1 may have an important role as a transcriptional repressor in chromatin remodeling and transcription regulation; however, the role of PATZ1 in EC senescence and vascular aging remains unidentified. Knockdown of PATZ1 in young cells accelerated premature EC senescence, which was confirmed by growth arrest, increased p53 protein level and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, and repression of EC tube formation. In contrast, overexpression of PATZ1 in senescent cells reversed senescent phenotypes. Cellular senescence induced by PATZ1 knockdown in young cells was rescued by knockdown of p53, but not by knockdown of p16(INK4a). PATZ1 knockdown increased ROS levels, and pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine abolished EC senescence induced by PATZ1 knockdown. Notably, PATZ1 immunoreactivity was lower in ECs of atherosclerotic tissues than those of normal arteries in LDLR(-/-) mice, and immunoreactivity also decreased in ECs of old human arteries. These results suggest that PATZ1 may have an important role in the regulation of EC senescence through an ROS-mediated p53-dependent pathway and contribute to vascular diseases associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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283
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Yuan HF, Zhai C, Yan XL, Zhao DD, Wang JX, Zeng Q, Chen L, Nan X, He LJ, Li ST, Yue W, Pei XT. SIRT1 is required for long-term growth of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 90:389-400. [PMID: 22038097 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic potential because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple tissues. However, senescence often occurs in MSCs when they are cultured in vitro and the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. In this study, we found that NAD-dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1 is differentially expressed in both human bone marrow-derived MSCs (B-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs after increasing passages of cell culture. Using lentiviral shRNA we demonstrated that selective knockdown of SIRT1 in human MSCs at early passage slows down cell growth and accelerates cellular senescence. Conversely, overexpression of SIRT1 delays senescence in B-MSCs that have undergone prolonged in vitro culturing and the cells do not lose adipogenic and osteogenic potential. In addition, we found that the delayed accumulation of the protein p16 is involved in the effect of SIRT1. However, resveratrol, which has been used as an activator of SIRT1 deacetylase activity, only transiently promotes proliferation of B-MSCs. Our findings will help us understand the role of SIRT1 in the aging of normal diploid cells and may contribute to the prevention of human MSCs senescence thus benefiting MSCs-based tissue engineering and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Feng Yuan
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, China
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284
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Role of microRNAs in endothelial inflammation and senescence. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:4509-18. [PMID: 21952822 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The functionality of endothelial cells is fundamental for the homoeostasis of the vascular system. Increasing evidence shows that endothelial inflammation and senescence contribute greatly to multiple vascular diseases including atherosclerosis. However, little is known regarding the complex upstream regulators of gene expression and translation involved in these responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of endogenous, small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate over 30% of genes in a cell via degradation or translational inhibition of their target mRNAs. During the past few years, miRNAs have emerged as key regulators for endothelial biology and function. Endothelial inflammation is critically regulated by miRNAs such as miR-126 and miR-10a in vitro and in vivo. Endothelial aging is additionally controlled by miR-217 and miR-34a. In this review, we summarize the role of miRNAs and their target genes in endothelial inflammation and senescence, and discuss their applicability as drug targets.
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285
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Orecchia A, Scarponi C, Di Felice F, Cesarini E, Avitabile S, Mai A, Mauro ML, Sirri V, Zambruno G, Albanesi C, Camilloni G, Failla CM. Sirtinol treatment reduces inflammation in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24307. [PMID: 21931678 PMCID: PMC3171404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are key enzymes in the epigenetic control of gene expression. Recently, inhibitors of class I and class II HDAC have been successfully employed for the treatment of different inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, airway inflammation and asthma. So far, little is known so far about a similar therapeutic effect of inhibitors specifically directed against sirtuins, the class III HDAC. In this study, we investigated the expression and localization of endogenous sirtuins in primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC), a cell type playing a key role in the development and maintenance of skin inflammation. We then examined the biological activity of sirtinol, a specific sirtuin inhibitor, in HDMEC response to pro-inflammatory cytokines. We found that, even though sirtinol treatment alone affected only long-term cell proliferation, it diminishes HDMEC inflammatory responses to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-1β. In fact, sirtinol significantly reduced membrane expression of adhesion molecules in TNFã- or IL-1β-stimulated cells, as well as the amount of CXCL10 and CCL2 released by HDMEC following TNFα treatment. Notably, sirtinol drastically decreased monocyte adhesion on activated HDMEC. Using selective inhibitors for Sirt1 and Sirt2, we showed a predominant involvement of Sirt1 inhibition in the modulation of adhesion molecule expression and monocyte adhesion on activated HDMEC. Finally, we demonstrated the in vivo expression of Sirt1 in the dermal vessels of normal and psoriatic skin. Altogether, these findings indicated that sirtuins may represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases characterized by a prominent microvessel involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Orecchia
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Cesarini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘C. Darwin’, University di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, University di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mauro
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘C. Darwin’, University di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sirri
- RNA Biology, FRE3402 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Giorgio Camilloni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘C. Darwin’, University di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, CNR, Rome, Italy
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286
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Feng AN, Zhang LH, Fan XS, Huang Q, Ye Q, Wu HY, Yang J. Expression of SIRT1 in gastric cardiac cancer and its clinicopathologic significance. Int J Surg Pathol 2011; 19:743-50. [PMID: 21865267 DOI: 10.1177/1066896911412181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIRT1 is a deacetylase that modifies gene expression. Some researchers have found that SIRT1 is upregulated in malignant tumor tissues. Therefore, this study investigated the SIRT1 expression in gastric cardiac carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathologic features and prognosis. Tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemical stains were used to detect the expression of SIRT1, p53, and Ki-67 in 176 gastric cardiac carcinoma tissues and 32 normal gastric cardiac region tissues. SIRT1 expression in gastric cardiac carcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal gastric cardiac tissues and was associated with lymphatic metastasis, TNM stage, survival rate and mean survival time. Expression of Ki-67 in the SIRT1 positive group was significantly higher than that in the negative group. In conclusion, high expression of SIRT1 in gastric cardiac carcinoma was correlated with lymphatic metastasis, TNM stage, proliferative status and prognosis. SIRT1 might be a biological parameter to evaluate malignant degree and prognosis of gastric cardiac carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Ning Feng
- Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
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287
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Yang J, Wang N, Zhu Y, Feng P. Roles of SIRT1 in high glucose-induced endothelial impairment: association with diabetic atherosclerosis. Arch Med Res 2011; 42:354-60. [PMID: 21810449 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We undertook this study to investigate the roles of SIRT1 in high glucose-induced endothelial impairment and their association with diabetic atherosclerosis. METHODS Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and nondiabetic rats of the same genetic background were included. Real-time PCR was used to detect SIRT1 mRNA expression in abdominal aorta at week 42. To further investigate the roles of SIRT1 on the function of endothelial cells in high glucose, human endothelial cells were treated with SIRT1 activator resveratrol for 24 h before being cultured in high glucose medium for 48 h. RESULTS Along with the early manifestation of atherosclerosis, SIRT1 mRNA level in OLETF group was significantly lower than that in control group (p <0.05). Compared with control cells, high glucose decreased nitric oxide (NO) secretion, but resveratrol treatment increased the expression of SIRT1 and the secretion of NO. After interfering with the expression of SIRT1 using SIRT1 siRNA, the effects of resveratrol on NO secretion were impaired. SIRT1 also counteracted the other pro-atherosclerotic effects of high glucose including the upregulating roles of high glucose on the expression of E-selectin mRNA and the downregulating roles of high glucose on the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. CONCLUSIONS Decreased expression of SIRT1 in artery may be involved in the initiation and development of diabetic atherosclerosis. Increasing SIRT1 expression may hold great promise in the prevention and therapy of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhong Yang
- Department of Nephropathy, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, China
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McGuinness D, McGuinness DH, McCaul JA, Shiels PG. Sirtuins, bioageing, and cancer. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:235754. [PMID: 21766030 PMCID: PMC3134127 DOI: 10.4061/2011/235754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sirtuins are a family of orthologues of yeast Sir2 found in a wide range of organisms from bacteria to man. They display a high degree of conservation between species, in both sequence and function, indicative of their key biochemical roles. Sirtuins are heavily implicated in cell cycle, cell division, transcription regulation, and metabolism, which places the various family members at critical junctures in cellular metabolism. Typically, Sirtuins have been implicated in the preservation of genomic stability and in the prolongation of lifespan though many of their target interactions remain unknown.
Sirtuins play key roles in tumourigenesis, as some have tumour-suppressor functions and others influence tumours through their control of the metabolic state of the cell. Their links to ageing have also highlighted involvement in various age-related and degenerative diseases. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the role of Sirtuins in age-related diseases while taking a closer look at their roles and functions in maintaining genomic stability and their influence on telomerase and telomere function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D McGuinness
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6NT, Scotland, UK
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289
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Takemura A, Iijima K, Ota H, Son BK, Ito Y, Ogawa S, Eto M, Akishita M, Ouchi Y. Sirtuin 1 retards hyperphosphatemia-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2054-62. [PMID: 21719763 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.216739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial calcification is associated with cardiovascular disease as a complication of advanced atherosclerosis. Aged vascular cells manifest some morphological features of a senescent phenotype. Recent studies have demonstrated that mammalian sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a histone deacetylase, is an exciting target for cardiovascular disease management. Here, we investigated the role of SIRT1 in a calcification model of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS AND RESULTS In adenine-induced renal failure rats with hyperphosphatemia, massive calcification was induced in the aortic media. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SAβ-gal) activity, a marker of cellular senescence, in medial SMCs was significantly increased, and its induction was positively associated with the degree of calcification. In cultured SMCs, inorganic phosphate (Pi) stimulation dose-dependently increased SAβ-gal-positive cells, and Pi-induced senescence was associated with downregulation of SIRT1 expression, leading to p21 activation. The activation via SIRT1 downregulation was blunted by inhibition of Pi cotransporter. Activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol significantly reduced the senescence-associated calcification. Conversely, SIRT1 knockdown by small interfering RNA accelerated the Pi-induced SMC senescence and subsequent calcification. In addition, SIRT1 knockdown induced phenotypic change from a differentiated state to osteoblast-like cells. The senescence-related SMC calcification was completely prevented by p21 knockdown. In addition to Pi-induced premature senescence, SMCs with replicative senescence were also more sensitive to Pi-induced calcification compared with young SMCs, and this finding was attributable to augmented p21 expression. CONCLUSIONS SIRT1 plays an essential role in preventing hyperphosphatemia-induced arterial calcification via inhibition of osteoblastic transdifferentiation. In addition, Pi-induced SMC calcification may be associated with both premature and replicative cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Takemura
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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290
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Alhazzazi TY, Kamarajan P, Verdin E, Kapila YL. SIRT3 and cancer: tumor promoter or suppressor? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1816:80-8. [PMID: 21586315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7), the mammalian homologues of the Sir2 gene in yeast, have emerging roles in age-related diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. However, the role of several sirtuin family members, including SIRT1 and SIRT3, in cancer has been controversial. The aim of this review is to explore and discuss the seemingly dichotomous role of SIRT3 in cancer biology with particular emphasis on its potential role as a tumor promoter and tumor suppressor. This review will also discuss the potential role of SIRT3 as a novel therapeutic target to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki Y Alhazzazi
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
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291
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Li L, Zhang HN, Chen HZ, Gao P, Zhu LH, Li HL, Lv X, Zhang QJ, Zhang R, Wang Z, She ZG, Zhang R, Wei YS, Du GH, Liu DP, Liang CC. SIRT1 acts as a modulator of neointima formation following vascular injury in mice. Circ Res 2011; 108:1180-9. [PMID: 21474819 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.237875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration are crucial events involved in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC), has been reported to have the function of antiatherosclerosis, but its role in neointima formation remains unknown. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to investigate the role of SIRT1 in the regulation of neointima formation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS A decrease in SIRT1 expression was observed following carotid artery ligation. smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific human SIRT1 transgenic (Tg) mice were generated. SIRT1 overexpression substantially inhibited neointima formation after carotid artery ligation or carotid artery wire injury. In the intima of injured carotid arteries, VSMC proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells) was significantly reduced. SIRT1 overexpression markedly inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration and induced cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition in vitro. Accordingly, SIRT1 overexpression decreased the induction of cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression by treatment with serum and TNF-α, respectively, whereas RNAi knockdown of SIRT1 resulted in the opposite effect. Decreased cyclin D1 and MMP-9 expression/activity were also observed in injured carotid arteries from SMC-SIRT1 Tg mice. Furthermore, 2 targets of SIRT1, c-Fos and c-Jun, were involved in the downregulation of cyclin D1 and MMP-9 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of SIRT1 on the VSMC proliferation and migration that underlie neointima formation and implicate SIRT1 as a potential target for intervention in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
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292
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Yao H, Rahman I. Current concepts on oxidative/carbonyl stress, inflammation and epigenetics in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 254:72-85. [PMID: 21296096 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 10/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem. The current therapies for COPD are poorly effective and the mainstays of pharmacotherapy are bronchodilators. A better understanding of the pathobiology of COPD is critical for the development of novel therapies. In the present review, we have discussed the roles of oxidative/aldehyde stress, inflammation/immunity, and chromatin remodeling in the pathogenesis of COPD. An imbalance of oxidants/antioxidants caused by cigarette smoke and other pollutants/biomass fuels plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD by regulating redox-sensitive transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB), autophagy and unfolded protein response leading to chronic lung inflammatory response. Cigarette smoke also activates canonical/alternative NF-κB pathways and their upstream kinases leading to sustained inflammatory response in lungs. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been shown to be critical for the development of COPD because the expression/activity of enzymes that regulate these epigenetic modifications have been reported to be abnormal in airways of COPD patients. Hence, the significant advances made in understanding the pathophysiology of COPD as described herein will identify novel therapeutic targets for intervention in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yao
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 1464, USA
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293
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Shinmura K. Cardiovascular protection afforded by caloric restriction: essential role of nitric oxide synthase. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 11:143-56. [PMID: 21199236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2010.00675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction is an established intervention, of which anti-aging effects are scientifically proven. It has pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system: vascular protection, improvement of myocardial ischemic tolerance and retardation of cardiac senescence. First, increasing evidence from both experimental and clinical studies supports the concept that "a man is as old as his arteries". Caloric restriction could prevent the progression of atherosclerosis and vascular aging through direct and indirect mechanisms. Second, the hearts of senescent animals are more susceptible to ischemia than those of young animals. We demonstrated that short-term and prolonged caloric restriction confers cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in young and aged rodents. Furthermore, we showed that the increase in circulating adiponectin levels and subsequent activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase are necessary for the cardioprotection afforded by short-term caloric restriction. In contrast, the mechanisms by which prolonged caloric restriction confers cardioprotection seem more complicated. Adiponectin, nitric oxide synthase and sirtuin may form a network of cardiovascular protection during caloric restriction. Recently, by using genetically engineered mice, we found that, in addition to endothelial nitric oxide synthase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase plays an essential role in the development of cardioprotection afforded by prolonged caloric restriction. Third, long-term caloric restriction has cardiac-specific effects that attenuate the age-associated impairment seen in left ventricular diastolic function. It is possible that long-term caloric restriction partially retards cardiac senescence by attenuating oxidative damage in the aged heart. Overall, we strongly believe that caloric restriction could reduce morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular events in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shinmura
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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294
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Lemarié CA, Shbat L, Marchesi C, Angulo OJ, Deschênes ME, Blostein MD, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Mthfr deficiency induces endothelial progenitor cell senescence via uncoupling of eNOS and downregulation of SIRT1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 300:H745-53. [PMID: 21169404 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00321.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been shown to induce endothelial dysfunction in part as a result of enhanced oxidative stress. Function and survival of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs, defined as sca1(+) c-kit(+) flk-1(+) bone marrow-derived cells), which significantly contribute to neovascularization and endothelial regeneration, depend on controlled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mice heterozygous for the gene deletion of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (Mthfr(+/-)) have a 1.5- to 2-fold elevation in plasma homocysteine. This mild HHcy significantly reduced the number of circulating EPCs as well as their differentiation. Mthfr deficiency was also associated with increased ROS production and reduced nitric oxide (NO) generation in Mthfr(+/-) EPCs. Treatment of EPCs with sepiapterin, a precursor of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)), a cofactor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), significantly reduced ROS and improved NO production. mRNA and protein expression of eNOS and the relative amount of eNOS dimer compared with monomer were decreased by Mthfr deficiency. Impaired differentiation of EPCs induced by Mthfr deficiency correlated with increased senescence, decreased telomere length, and reduced expression of SIRT1. Addition of sepiapterin maintained cell senescence and SIRT1 expression at levels comparable to the wild type. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Mthfr deficiency impairs EPC formation and increases EPC senescence by eNOS uncoupling and downregulation of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Lemarié
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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295
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Wang Y, Liang Y, Vanhoutte PM. SIRT1 and AMPK in regulating mammalian senescence: a critical review and a working model. FEBS Lett 2010; 585:986-94. [PMID: 21130086 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ageing in mammals remains an unsolved mystery. Anti-ageing is a recurring topic in the history of scientific research. Lifespan extension evoked by Sir2 protein in lower organisms has attracted a large amount of interests in the last decade. This review summarizes recent evidence supporting the role of a Sir2 mammalian homologue, SIRT1 (Silent information regulator T1), in regulating ageing and cellular senescence. The various signaling networks responsible for the anti-ageing and anti-senescence activity of SIRT1 have been discussed. In particular, a counter-balancing model involving the cross-talks between SIRT1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), another stress and energy sensor, is suggested for controlling the senescence program in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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296
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Shim JS, Matsui Y, Bhat S, Nacev BA, Xu J, Bhang HEC, Dhara S, Han KC, Chong CR, Pomper MG, So A, Liu JO. Effect of nitroxoline on angiogenesis and growth of human bladder cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; 102:1855-73. [PMID: 21088277 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djq457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis; therefore, inhibition of angiogenesis is a promising strategy for developing new anticancer drugs. Type 2 methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP2) protein is likely a molecular target of angiogenesis inhibitors. METHODS Nitroxoline, an antibiotic used to treat urinary tract infections, was identified from a high-throughput screen of a library of 175,000 compounds for MetAP2 inhibitors and from a parallel screen using the Johns Hopkins Drug Library to identify currently used clinical drugs that can also inhibit human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) proliferation. To investigate the mechanism of action of nitroxoline, inhibition of MetAP2 activity and induction of senescence were assessed in HUVEC. To test the antiangiogenic activity of nitroxoline, endothelial tube formation in Matrigel and microvessel formation in Matrigel plugs in vivo were assessed. Antitumor efficacy of nitroxoline was evaluated in mouse models of human breast cancer xenograft (n = 10) and bladder cancer orthotopic xenograft (n = 11). Furthermore, the mechanism of action of nitroxoline was investigated in vivo. RESULTS Nitroxoline inhibited MetAP2 activity in vitro (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC(50)] = 54.8 nM, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 22.6 to 132.8 nM) and HUVEC proliferation (IC(50) = 1.9 μM, 95% CI = 1.54 to 2.39 μM). Nitroxoline inhibited MetAP2 activity in HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner and induced premature senescence in a biphasic manner. Nitroxoline inhibited endothelial tube formation in Matrigel and reduced microvessel density in vivo. Mice (five per group) treated with nitroxoline showed a 60% reduction in tumor volume in breast cancer xenografts (tumor volume on day 30, vehicle vs nitroxoline, mean = 215.4 vs 86.5 mm(3), difference = 128.9 mm(3), 95% CI = 32.9 to 225.0 mm(3), P = .012) and statistically significantly inhibited growth of bladder cancer in an orthotopic mouse model (tumor bioluminescence intensities of vehicle [n = 5] vs nitroxoline [n = 6], P = .045). CONCLUSION Nitroxoline shows promise as a potential therapeutic antiangiogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Sup Shim
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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297
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Villaret A, Galitzky J, Decaunes P, Estève D, Marques MA, Sengenès C, Chiotasso P, Tchkonia T, Lafontan M, Kirkland JL, Bouloumié A. Adipose tissue endothelial cells from obese human subjects: differences among depots in angiogenic, metabolic, and inflammatory gene expression and cellular senescence. Diabetes 2010; 59:2755-63. [PMID: 20713685 PMCID: PMC2963533 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regional differences among adipose depots in capacities for fatty acid storage, susceptibility to hypoxia, and inflammation likely contribute to complications of obesity. We defined the properties of endothelial cells (EC) isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) biopsied in parallel from obese subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The architecture and properties of the fat tissue capillary network were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. CD34(+)/CD31(+) EC were isolated by immunoselection/depletion. Expression of chemokines, adhesion molecules, angiogenic factor receptors, as well as lipogenic and senescence-related genes were assayed by real-time PCR. Fat cell size and expression of hypoxia-dependent genes were determined in adipocytes from both fat depots. RESULTS Hypoxia-related genes were more highly expressed in VAT than SAT adipocytes. VAT adipocytes were smaller than SAT adipocytes. Vascular density and EC abundance were higher in VAT. VAT-EC exhibited a marked angiogenic and inflammatory state with decreased expression of metabolism-related genes, including endothelial lipase, GPIHBP1, and PPAR gamma. VAT-EC had enhanced expression of the cellular senescence markers, IGFBP3 and γ-H2AX, and decreased expression of SIRT1. Exposure to VAT adipocytes caused more EC senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity than SAT adipocytes, an effect reduced in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSIONS VAT-EC exhibit a more marked angiogenic and proinflammatory state than SAT-EC. This phenotype may be related to premature EC senescence. VAT-EC may contribute to hypoxia and inflammation in VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Villaret
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Toulouse, France, and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoires Sérobiologiques, Division of Cognis, Pulnoy, France
| | - Jean Galitzky
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Toulouse, France, and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
| | - Pauline Decaunes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Toulouse, France, and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
| | - David Estève
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Toulouse, France, and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Adeline Marques
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Toulouse, France, and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Sengenès
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Toulouse, France, and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Max Lafontan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Toulouse, France, and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
| | - James L. Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Toulouse, France, and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
- Corresponding author: Anne Bouloumié,
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298
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Breitenstein A, Stein S, Holy EW, Camici GG, Lohmann C, Akhmedov A, Spescha R, Elliott PJ, Westphal CH, Matter CM, Lüscher TF, Tanner FC. Sirt1 inhibition promotes in vivo arterial thrombosis and tissue factor expression in stimulated cells. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 89:464-72. [PMID: 20978007 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The mammalian silent information regulator-two 1 (Sirt1) blunts the noxious effects of cardiovascular risk factors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Nevertheless, the role of Sirt1 in regulating the expression of tissue factor (TF), the key trigger of coagulation, and arterial thrombus formation remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Human as well as mouse cell lines were used for in vitro experiments, and C57Bl/6 mice for in vivo procedures. Sirt1 inhibition by splitomicin or sirtinol enhanced cytokine-induced endothelial TF protein expression as well as surface activity, while TF pathway inhibitor protein expression did not change. Sirt1 inhibition further enhanced TF mRNA expression, TF promoter activity, and nuclear translocation as well as DNA binding of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB/p65). Sirt1 siRNA enhanced TF protein and mRNA expression, and this effect was reduced in NFκB/p65(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts reconstituted with non-acetylatable Lys(310)-mutant NFκB/p65. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, and p44/42 (ERK) remained unaffected. In vivo, mice treated with the Sirt1 inhibitor splitomicin exhibited enhanced TF activity in the arterial vessel wall and accelerated carotid artery thrombus formation in a photochemical injury model. CONCLUSION We provide pharmacological and genetic evidence that Sirt1 inhibition enhances TF expression and activity by increasing NFκB/p65 activation in human endothelial cells. Furthermore, Sirt1 inhibition induces arterial thrombus formation in vivo. Hence, modulation of Sirt1 may offer novel therapeutic options for targeting thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Breitenstein
- Cardiovascular Research, Physiology Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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299
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Giovannelli L, Pitozzi V, Jacomelli M, Mulinacci N, Laurenzana A, Dolara P, Mocali A. Protective Effects of Resveratrol Against Senescence-Associated Changes in Cultured Human Fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 66:9-18. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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300
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High-affinity Na(+)-dependent dicarboxylate cotransporter promotes cellular senescence by inhibiting SIRT1. Mech Ageing Dev 2010; 131:601-13. [PMID: 20813124 PMCID: PMC7127227 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
High-affinity Na+-dependent dicarboxylate cotransporter (NaDC3) can transport Krebs cycle intermediates into cells. Our previous study has shown that NaDC3 promotes cellular senescence, but its mechanism is not clear. It is known that when the concentration of intermediates in Krebs cycle is increased, NAD+/NADH ratio will be decreased. NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase sirtuin1 (SIRT1) prolongs mammalian cellular lifespan. Therefore, we propose that NaDC3 accelerates cellular aging by inhibiting SIRT1. After NaDC3 was overexpressed in two human embryo lung fibroblastic cell lines, WI38 and MRC-5, we found that the cells displayed aging-related phenotypes in advance. Meanwhile, the level of SIRT1 activity was down-regulated. In WI38/hNaDC3 cells treated with the activators of SIRT1, aging-related phenotypes induced by NaDC3 were obviously improved. The NAD+/NADH ratio in WI38/hNaDC3 cells was also decreased. Further study found that enhanced intracellular NAD+ level could attenuate the aging phenotypes induced by NaDC3. Thus, NaDC3 promotes cellular senescence probably by inhibiting NAD+-dependent SIRT1.
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