251
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Zhang L, Liu M, Jiang H, Yu Y, Yu P, Tong R, Wu J, Zhang S, Yao K, Zou Y, Ge J. Extracellular high-mobility group box 1 mediates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:459-70. [PMID: 26647902 PMCID: PMC4759479 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, but the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which is increased in myocardium under pressure overload, may be involved in pressure overload-induced cardiac injury. The objectives of this study are to determine the role of HMGB1 in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction under pressure overload. Pressure overload was imposed on the heart of male wild-type mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC), while recombinant HMGB1, HMGB1 box A (a competitive antagonist of HMGB1) or PBS was injected into the LV wall. Moreover, cardiac myocytes were cultured and given sustained mechanical stress. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed after the operation and sections for histological analyses were generated from paraffin-embedded hearts. Relevant proteins and genes were detected. Cardiac HMGB1 expression was increased after TAC, which was accompanied by its translocation from nucleus to both cytoplasm and intercellular space. Exogenous HMGB1 aggravated TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction, as demonstrated by echocardiographic analyses, histological analyses and foetal cardiac genes detection. Nevertheless, the aforementioned pathological change induced by TAC could partially be reversed by HMGB1 inhibition. Consistent with the in vivo observations, mechanical stress evoked the release and synthesis of HMGB1 in cultured cardiac myocytes. This study indicates that the activated and up-regulated HMGB1 in myocardium, which might partially be derived from cardiac myocytes under pressure overload, may be of crucial importance in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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252
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Asiatic Acid Attenuates the Progression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure Induced by Pressure Overload by Inhibiting Myocardial Remodeling in Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 66:558-68. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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253
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Wilson MG, Ellison GM, Cable NT. Republished: Basic science behind the cardiovascular benefits of exercise. Postgrad Med J 2015; 91:704-11. [DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-306596rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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254
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El Hajj EC, El Hajj MC, Ninh VK, Gardner JD. Cardioprotective effects of lysyl oxidase inhibition against volume overload-induced extracellular matrix remodeling. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:539-49. [PMID: 26582054 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215616511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of heart failure (HF) is adverse extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which is regulated by the collagen cross-linking enzyme, lysyl oxidase (LOX). In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of LOX inhibition to prevent adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dysfunction using an experimental model of HF. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to surgically induced volume overload (VO) by creation of aortocaval fistula (ACF). A LOX inhibitor, beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN; 100 mg/kg/day), was administered to rats with ACF or sham surgery at eight weeks postsurgery. Echocardiography was used to assess progressive alterations in cardiac ventricular structure and function. Left ventricular (LV) catheterization was used to assess alterations in contractility, stiffness, LV pressure and volume, and other indices of cardiac function. The LV ECM alterations were assessed by: (a) histological staining of collagen, (b) protein expression of collagen types I and III, (c) hydroxyproline assay, and (d) cross-linking assay. LOX inhibition attenuated VO-induced increases in cardiac stress, and attenuated increases in interstitial myocardial collagen, total collagen, and protein levels of collagens I and III. Both echocardiography and catheterization measurements indicated improved cardiac function post-VO in BAPN treated rats vs. untreated. Inhibition of LOX attenuated VO-induced decreases in LV stiffness and cardiac function. Overall, our data indicate that LOX inhibition was cardioprotective in the volume overloaded heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia C El Hajj
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Milad C El Hajj
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Van K Ninh
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jason D Gardner
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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255
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Huo L, Shi W, Chong L, Wang J, Zhang K, Li Y. Asiatic acid inhibits left ventricular remodeling and improves cardiac function in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:57-64. [PMID: 26889217 PMCID: PMC4726871 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular remodeling results in cardiac dysfunction and accounts for the majority of the morbidity and mortality following myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of asiatic acid (AA) on cardiac function and left ventricular remodeling in a rat model of MI and explore the underlying mechanisms. Rats were subjected to coronary artery ligation to model MI and orally treated with AA. After 4 weeks, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area was recorded, and the expression levels of a number of inflammatory cytokines were detected using ELISA. The degree of interstitial fibrosis was determined by evaluating the mRNA expression levels of collagen II and III. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of total and phosphorylated p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, to investigate whether they are involved in the mechanism underlying the effect of AA on the heart. Rats subjected to MI displayed significantly impaired cardiac function compared with those subjected to a sham procedure, while this change was reversed by treatment with AA. Furthermore, AA markedly inhibited cardiac hypertrophy, reduced the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and decreased interstitial fibrosis in the infarct border zone of MI model rats compared with those in vehicle-treated MI model rats. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 was blocked by AA in the MI rats but not in the sham rats. In summary, AA treatment preserved cardiac function and inhibited left ventricular remodeling, potentially by blocking the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 in the infarct border zone of the ischemic myocardium, indicating that AA may be a novel candidate for development as a therapy for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianying Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxian Dongda Hospital, Shanxian, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Wenbing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxian Dongda Hospital, Shanxian, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxian Dongda Hospital, Shanxian, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Heze Shili Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxian Dongda Hospital, Shanxian, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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256
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Puhl SL, Kazakov A, Müller A, Fries P, Wagner DR, Böhm M, Maack C, Devaux Y. Adenosine A1 receptor activation attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in response to α1 -adrenoceptor stimulation in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:88-102. [PMID: 26406609 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adenosine has been proposed to exert anti-hypertrophic effects. However, the precise regulation and the role of the different adenosine receptor subtypes in the heart and their effects on hypertrophic signalling are largely unknown. We aimed to characterize expression and function of adenosine A1 receptors following hypertrophic stimulation in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pro-hypertrophic stimuli and adenosine A1 receptor stimulation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and male C57/Bl6 mice, sc. drug administration, real-time PCR, (3) [H]-leucine-incorporation assay, immunostaining, tissue staining, Western blots, gravimetric analyses and echocardiography were applied in this study. KEY RESULTS In neonatal rat cardiomyocyte cultures, phenylephrine, but not angiotensin II or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), up-regulated adenosine A1 receptors concentration-dependently. The hypertrophic phenotype (cardiomyocyte size, sarcomeric organization, total protein synthesis, c-fos expression) mediated by phenylephrine (10 μM), but not that by angiotensinII (1 μM) or IGF1 (20 ng·mL(-1) ), was counteracted by the selective A1 receptor agonist, N6-cyclopentyladenosine. In C57/BL6 mice, continuous N6-cyclopentyladenosine infusion (2 mg·kg(-1) ·day(-1) ; 21 days) blunted phenylephrine (120 mg·kg(-1) ·day(-1) ; 21 days) induced hypertrophy (heart weight, cardiomyocyte size and fetal genes), fibrosis, MMP 2 up-regulation and generation of oxidative stress - all hallmarks of maladaptive remodelling. Concurrently, phenylephrine administration increased expression of adenosine A1 receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We have presented evidence for a negative feedback mechanism attenuating pathological myocardial hypertrophy following α1 -adrenoceptor stimulation. Our results suggest adenosine A1 receptors as potential targets for therapeutic strategies to prevent transition from compensated myocardial hypertrophy to decompensated heart failure due to chronic cardiac pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-L Puhl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - A Kazakov
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - A Müller
- Klinik for interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - P Fries
- Klinik for interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - D R Wagner
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - M Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - C Maack
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Y Devaux
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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257
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Novel players in cardioprotection: Insulin like growth factor-1, angiotensin-(1–7) and angiotensin-(1–9). Pharmacol Res 2015; 101:41-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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258
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Defeudis G, Gianfrilli D, Di Emidio C, Pofi R, Tuccinardi D, Palermo A, Lenzi A, Pozzilli P. Erectile dysfunction and its management in patients with diabetes mellitus. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2015; 16:10.1007/s11154-015-9321-4. [PMID: 26497842 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-015-9321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes can be described as a syndrome of multiple closely related conditions induced by a chronic state of hyperglycaemia resulting from defective insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Chronic complications associated with diabetes (including neuropathy, vascular disease, nephropathy and retinopathy) are common, and of these, erectile dysfunction (ED) deserves special attention. ED and its correlation with cardiovascular disease require careful evaluation and appropriate treatment. PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5is) are an important tool for the treatment of ED, with new drugs coming onto the market since the late 90s. This review offers an overview of PDE5is and their use in treating ED in diabetes. We underline the differences between different types of PDE5i, focusing on available doses, duration of action, T ½, side effects and selectivity profiles in relation to patients with diabetes. We also discuss the link between diabetes and ED in presence of various associated cofactors (obesity, hypertension and its pharmacological treatments, atherosclerosis, hyperhomocysteinaemia, neuropathy, nephropathy, hypogonadism and depression). Finally a number of past and ongoing clinical trials on the use of PDE5is in patients with diabetes are presented to offer an overview of the appropriate treatment of ED in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Defeudis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Emidio
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pofi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Tuccinardi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, Italy.
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259
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Han W, Han Y, Liu X, Shang X. Effect of miR-29a inhibition on ventricular hypertrophy induced by pressure overload. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 71:821-6. [PMID: 25308856 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether inhibition of miR-29a functioning prevents the hypertension-induced ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. Patients diagnosed with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy were recruited for the study. Serum levels of miR-29a were determined by RT-PCR. Levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), collagen type I and III (PINP and PIIINP) were determined by double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was established. 7 days after surgery, TAC mice were injected intraperitoneally with antagomir miR-29a or vehicle once a day for 3 days. After 4 weeks of surgery, animals were sacrificed and cross-sections of the hearts were stained and evaluated for hypertrophy and fibrosis. The expression of the protein markers of hypertrophy and fibrosis was determined by immunoblotting. The serum level of miR-29a in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy was significantly higher than those in patients with hypertension alone (p < 0.05). The levels of serum miR-29a were positively correlated with those of PINP, PIIINP, and MMP-9 (r = 0.58, 0.45, 0.66, respectively, p < 0.05). In mouse model of pressure overload, the antagomir miR-29a was found to significantly suppress the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and the expression of ANP and β-MHC, the hypertrophy indices. Also, the ventricular fibrosis and expression of the marker proteins were blocked in antagomir treated mice. The inhibition of miR-29a was found to be effective in improving the ventricular remodeling and hypertrophy caused by pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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260
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Domingues CS, Hardoim DJ, Souza CSF, Cardoso FO, Mendes VG, Previtalli-Silva H, Abreu-Silva AL, Pelajo-Machado M, Gonçalves da Costa SC, Calabrese KS. Oral Outbreak of Chagas Disease in Santa Catarina, Brazil: Experimental Evaluation of a Patient's Strain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122566. [PMID: 26469517 PMCID: PMC4607495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a worldwide public health problem. Although the vectorial transmission of Chagas disease has been controlled in Brazil there are other ways of transmission, such as the ingestion of T. cruzi contaminated food, which ensures the continuation of this zoonosis. Here, we demonstrate the influence of the inoculation route on the establishment and development of the SC2005 T. cruzi strain infection in mice. Groups of Swiss mice were infected intragastrically (IG) or intraperitoneally (IP) with the T. cruzi SC2005 strain derived from an outbreak of oral Chagas disease. The results revealed that 100% of IP infected mice showed parasitemia, while just 36% of IG infected showed the presence of the parasite in blood. The parasitemia peaks were later and less intense in the IG infected mice. Mortality of the IP infected animals was more intense and earlier when compared to the IG infected mice. In the IP infected mice leucopenia occurred in the early infection followed by leucocytosis, correlating positively with the increase of the parasites. However, in the IG infected mice only an increase in monocytes was observed, which was positively correlated with the increase of the parasites. Histopathological analyses revealed a myotropic pattern of the SC2005 strain with the presence of inflammatory infiltrates and parasites in different organs of the animals infected by both routes as well as fibrosis foci and collagen redistribution. The flow cytometric analysis demonstrated a fluctuation of the T lymphocyte population in the blood, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of the infected animals. T. cruzi DNA associated with the presence of inflammatory infiltrates was detected by PCR in the esophagus, stomach and intestine of all infected mice. These findings are important for the understanding of the pathogenesis of T. cruzi infection by both inoculation routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S. Domingues
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Daiana J. Hardoim
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Celeste S. F. Souza
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Flávia O. Cardoso
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Verônica G. Mendes
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS)/Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Negligenciadas/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Henrique Previtalli-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ana L. Abreu-Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luiz, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Pelajo-Machado
- Laboratório de Patologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Kátia S. Calabrese
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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261
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Regulatory role of CARD3 in left ventricular remodelling and dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:56. [PMID: 26463597 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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262
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Sildenafil treatment attenuates ventricular remodeling in an experimental model of aortic regurgitation. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:592. [PMID: 26543727 PMCID: PMC4628012 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently there is no reliable medical treatment for aortic regurgitation (AR). METHODS Thirty-nine Sprague-Dawley rats underwent creation of AR or sham operation. Treated rats were assigned to early or late institution of sildenafil therapy (100 mg/kg/day) for a total of 10 weeks. Treatment-effects were measured by serial echocardiography, invasive hemodynamic measurements, and tissue analysis. RESULTS Rats assigned to early treatment developed less remodeling than untreated rats. Thus, left ventricular (LV) dilation was blunted by sildenafil with end-systolic diameter being significantly smaller (6.6 ± 0.4 vs. 7.7 ± 0.4 mm, respectively, p < 0.05). Also, LV wall thickness was significantly decreased in treated rats compared to controls (2.23 ± 0.08 vs. 2.16 ± 0.05 mm, p < 0.01). Fractional shortening was improved by treatment (p < 0.05). Myocardial fibrosis was borderline decreased by treatment (p = 0.09). Akt was increased in treated compared to controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Sildenafil slightly inhibits LV remodeling and improves fractional shortening in rats with AR when treatment is initiated early.
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263
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Pereira-Barretto AC. Cardiac and Hemodynamic Benefits: Mode of Action of Ivabradine in Heart Failure. Adv Ther 2015; 32:906-19. [PMID: 26521191 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-015-0257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure has seen a number of therapeutic advances in recent years. Despite this, heart failure is still related to increasing rates of morbidity, repeated hospitalizations, and mortality. Ivabradine is a recent treatment option for heart failure. It has a mode of action that includes reduction in heart rate, and leads to improvement in outcomes related to heart failure mortality and morbidity, as demonstrated by the results of the SHIFT trial in patients with systolic heart failure, functional classes II and III on the New York Heart Association classification, and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35%. These results are intriguing since many heart failure drugs reduce heart rate without such benefits, or with quite different effects, making it more difficult to understand the novelty of ivabradine in this setting. Many of the drugs used in heart failure modify heart rate, but most have other pathophysiological effects beyond their chronotropic action, which affect their efficacy in preventing morbidity and mortality outcomes. For instance, heart rate reduction at rest or exercise with ivabradine prolongs diastolic perfusion time, improves coronary blood flow, and increases exercise capacity. Another major difference is the increase in stroke volume observed with ivabradine, which may underlie its beneficial cardiac effects. Finally, there is mounting evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies that ivabradine has an anti-remodeling effect, improving left ventricular structures and functions. All together, these mechanisms have a positive impact on the prognosis of ivabradine-treated patients with heart failure, making a compelling argument for use of ivabradine in combination with other treatments.
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264
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Xue Y, Shui X, Su W, He Y, Lu X, Zhang Y, Yan G, Huang S, Lei W, Chen C. Baicalin inhibits inflammation and attenuates myocardial ischaemic injury by aryl hydrocarbon receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:1756-64. [PMID: 26407904 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent evidence indicates that suppressing inflammation by specific drug target and treatment measures contributes to attenuate ischaemic injury and the related heart diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of baicalin on myocardial ischaemic injury through inhibition of inflammation by inactivating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). METHODS The mouse model with myocardial ischaemic injury was prepared by the left anterior descending coronary artery-amputation and then treated using baicalin. After observing the expression of AhR by immunohistochemical staining, the AhR and inflammatory mediators in circulation and myocardial tissues, including high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, were detected based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot methods. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that (1) substantial expression of AhR was observed in myocardial tissues; (2) ischaemic injury caused myocardial necrosis and remodelling, and stimulated hsCRP, IL-1β and IL-6 by activation of AhR; and (3) baicalin alleviated the myocardial injury and inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of AhR. CONCLUSION Our findings extend the list of AhR ligands beyond exogenous toxins and endogenous molecules to cardiac immunological factors, and moreover it could be considered potential drug targets due to its pathological modulatory properties, while baicalin demonstrated promise as a novel vehicle for ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Xue
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaorong Shui
- Laboratory of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weiqing Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuan He
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinlin Lu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guosen Yan
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shian Huang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Can Chen
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
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Clinical Diagnostic Biomarkers from the Personalization of Computational Models of Cardiac Physiology. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:46-57. [PMID: 26399986 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Computational modelling of the heart is rapidly advancing to the point of clinical utility. However, the difficulty of parameterizing and validating models from clinical data indicates that the routine application of truly predictive models remains a significant challenge. We argue there is significant value in an intermediate step towards prediction. This step is the use of biophysically based models to extract clinically useful information from existing patient data. Specifically in this paper we review methodologies for applying modelling frameworks for this goal in the areas of quantifying cardiac anatomy, estimating myocardial stiffness and optimizing measurements of coronary perfusion. Using these indicative examples of the general overarching approach, we finally discuss the value, ongoing challenges and future potential for applying biophysically based modelling in the clinical context.
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266
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Therapeutic Potential of Dietary Phenolic Acids. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2015; 2015:823539. [PMID: 26442119 PMCID: PMC4579300 DOI: 10.1155/2015/823539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although modern lifestyle has eased the quality of human life, this lifestyle's related patterns have imparted negative effects on health to acquire multiple diseases. Many synthetic drugs are invented during the last millennium but most if not all of them possess several side effects and proved to be costly. Convincing evidences have established the premise that the phytotherapeutic potential of natural compounds and need of search for novel drugs from natural sources are of high priority. Phenolic acids (PAs) are a class of secondary metabolites spread throughout the plant kingdom and generally involved in plethora of cellular processes involved in plant growth and reproduction and also produced as defense mechanism to sustain various environmental stresses. Extensive research on PAs strongly suggests that consumption of these compounds hold promise to offer protection against various ailments in humans. This paper focuses on the naturally derived PAs and summarizes the action mechanisms of these compounds during disease conditions. Based on the available information in the literature, it is suggested that use of PAs as drugs is very promising; however more research and clinical trials are necessary before these bioactive molecules can be made for treatment. Finally this review provides greater awareness of the promise that natural PAs hold for use in the disease prevention and therapy.
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Chang P, Wang Q, Xu H, Yang M, Lin X, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Zhao F, Zhao X, Bai F, Yu J. Tetrahydrobiopterin reverse left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction through the PI3K/p-Akt pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:1012-20. [PMID: 26093301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension induced hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction and is associated with cardiac oxidation and reduced NO production. We hypothesized that tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) can regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway and reverse cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Ten-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into five groups, WKY, WKY + BH4, SHR, SHR + BH4 and SHR + VAL. In SHR, diastolic dysfunction was accompanied by concentric hypertrophy, cardiac oxidation, and reduced cardiac BH4 and NO production. Four-week BH4 and valsartan administration reversed hypertrophy and improved diastolic function. BH4 and valsartan blunted the expression of hypertrophy markers α-skeletal actin (α-SA) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC). Only BH4 reduced hypertension and induced myocardial fibrosis and expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). BH4 reduced cardiac oxidant stress and increased NO production. Exogenous BH4 increased phosphorylated Akt levels and increased Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, less BH4 and reduced NO increases myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac oxidative stress, which exacerbates diastolic dysfunction. Exogenous BH4 ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction through the PI3K/p-Akt pathway. BH4 may be a potent therapy for hypertension with diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Qiongying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Mina Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China.
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Al Abed A, Lovell NH, Marasco S, Hashim SA, Dokos S. Electromechanics modeling of the effects of myocardial infarction on left ventricular function. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2015:5684-5687. [PMID: 26737582 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ventricular remodeling may occur following myocardial infarction of the left ventricle (LV) and such remodeling has been shown to be correlated with increased patient morbidity and mortality. It is thus important to estimate the likelihood of remodeling from the state of the infarcted LV. In this paper, we present simulations from an actively-contracting truncated ellipsoid LV model, incorporating realistic fiber orientation and electromechanical properties, to investigate the effects of infarct size and transmural extent (TME) on myofiber regional mechanics. Results showed that transmural infarcts greatly elevated both the myofiber stress and strain at the border zone during end systole, making the LV more susceptible to structural remodeling. It was found that TME rather than infarct size was more predictive of LV remodeling.
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Norum HM, Gullestad L, Abraityte A, Broch K, Aakhus S, Aukrust P, Ueland T. Increased Serum Levels of the Notch Ligand DLL1 are Associated with Diastolic Dysfunction, Reduced Exercise Capacity, and Adverse Outcome in Chronic Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2015. [PMID: 26211721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch receptors and ligands have been demonstrated in myocardial tissue in experimental as well as clinical heart failure (HF), and a role for Notch signaling in myocardial remodeling and disease progression may be anticipated. We hypothesized that serum levels of the Notch ligand Delta-like-1 (DLL1) would be associated with clinical and hemodynamic variables in patients with HF. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured serum DLL1 in 183 patients with chronic HF and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects by means of enzyme immunoassay. Our main findings were that (i) HF patients had significantly higher serum DLL1 levels than healthy control subjects, (ii) DLL1 levels were significantly correlated with neurohormonal activation, systemic inflammation, and impaired kidney function, (iii) high DLL1 levels were associated with diastolic dysfunction and reduced exercise capacity, but not with impaired systolic function, and (iv) in univariate analysis, but not after multivariable adjustment, high levels of DDL1 were associated with adverse outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may imply that DLL1 and the Notch signaling pathways are involved in the pathophysiology of HF, potentially affecting diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde M Norum
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Anaesthesiology, Divison of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aurelija Abraityte
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaspar Broch
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svend Aakhus
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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270
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Islam S, Hampton-Till J, MohdNazri S, Watson N, Gudde E, Gudde T, Kelly PA, Tang KH, Davies JR, Keeble TR. Setting Up an Efficient Therapeutic Hypothermia Team in Conscious ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients: A UK Heart Attack Center Experience. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2015; 5:217-22. [PMID: 26154447 PMCID: PMC4677568 DOI: 10.1089/ther.2015.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are routinely treated with percutaneous coronary intervention to restore blood flow in the occluded artery to reduce infarct size (IS). However, there is evidence to suggest that the restoration of blood flow can cause further damage to the myocardium through reperfusion injury (RI). Recent research in this area has focused on minimizing damage to the myocardium caused by RI. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has been shown to be beneficial in animal models of coronary artery occlusion in reducing IS caused by RI if instituted early in an ischemic myocardium. Data in humans are less convincing to date, although exploratory analyses suggest that there is significant clinical benefit in reducing IS if TH can be administered at the earliest recognition of ischemia in anterior myocardial infarction. The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre is the first UK center to have participated in administering TH in conscious patients presenting with STEMI as part of the COOL-AMI case series study. In this article, we outline our experience of efficiently integrating conscious TH into our primary percutaneous intervention program to achieve 18 minutes of cooling duration before reperfusion, with no significant increase in door-to-balloon times, in the setting of the clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahed Islam
- 1 Post-Graduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom .,2 Department of Cardiology, The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre (CTC) , Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - James Hampton-Till
- 1 Post-Graduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Shah MohdNazri
- 1 Post-Graduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom .,2 Department of Cardiology, The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre (CTC) , Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Noel Watson
- 1 Post-Graduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom .,2 Department of Cardiology, The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre (CTC) , Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Gudde
- 2 Department of Cardiology, The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre (CTC) , Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Gudde
- 2 Department of Cardiology, The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre (CTC) , Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Kelly
- 1 Post-Graduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Kare H Tang
- 1 Post-Graduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - John R Davies
- 1 Post-Graduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom .,2 Department of Cardiology, The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre (CTC) , Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R Keeble
- 1 Post-Graduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University , Chelmsford, United Kingdom .,2 Department of Cardiology, The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre (CTC) , Basildon, United Kingdom
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271
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Chen YY, Li Q, Pan CS, Yan L, Fan JY, He K, Sun K, Liu YY, Chen QF, Bai Y, Wang CS, He B, Lv AP, Han JY. QiShenYiQi Pills, a compound in Chinese medicine, protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy through a multi-component and multi-target mode. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11802. [PMID: 26136154 PMCID: PMC4488877 DOI: 10.1038/srep11802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the holistic mechanism for the antihypertrophic effect of a compound in Chinese medicine, QiShenYiQi Pills (QSYQ) and the contributions of its components to the effect in rats with cardiac hypertrophy (CH). After induction of CH by ascending aortic stenosis, rats were treated with QSYQ, each identified active ingredient (astragaloside IV, 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenyl lactic acid or notoginsenoside R1) from its 3 major herb components or dalbergia odorifera, either alone or combinations, for 1 month. QSYQ markedly attenuated CH, as evidenced by echocardiography, morphology and biochemistry. Proteomic analysis and western blot showed that the majority of differentially expressed proteins in the heart of QSYQ-treated rats were associated with energy metabolism or oxidative stress. Each ingredient alone or their combinations exhibited similar effects as QSYQ but to a lesser extent and differently with astragaloside IV and notoginsenoside R1 being more effective for enhancing energy metabolism, 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenyl lactic acid more effective for counteracting oxidative stress while dalbergia odorifera having little effect on the variables evaluated. In conclusion, QSYQ exerts a more potent antihypertrophic effect than any of its ingredients or their combinations, due to the interaction of its active components through a multi-component and multi-target mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Li
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ke He
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Fang Chen
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptide, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-She Wang
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bing He
- The School of Chinese Medicine of Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ai-Ping Lv
- The School of Chinese Medicine of Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
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273
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Update on the Pathogenic Implications and Clinical Potential of microRNAs in Cardiac Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015. [PMID: 26221581 PMCID: PMC4499420 DOI: 10.1155/2015/105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs, a unique class of endogenous noncoding RNAs, are highly conserved across species, repress gene translation upon binding to mRNA, and thereby influence many biological processes. As such, they have been recently recognized as regulators of virtually all aspects of cardiac biology, from the development and cell lineage specification of different cell populations within the heart to the survival of cardiomyocytes under stress conditions. Various miRNAs have been recently established as powerful mediators of distinctive aspects in many cardiac disorders. For instance, acute myocardial infarction induces cardiac tissue necrosis and apoptosis but also initiates a pathological remodelling response of the left ventricle that includes hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes and fibrotic deposition of extracellular matrix components. In this regard, recent findings place various miRNAs as unquestionable contributing factors in the pathogenesis of cardiac disorders, thus begging the question of whether miRNA modulation could become a novel strategy for clinical intervention. In the present review, we aim to expose the latest mechanistic concepts regarding miRNA function within the context of CVD and analyse the reported roles of specific miRNAs in the different stages of left ventricular remodelling as well as their potential use as a new class of disease-modifying clinical options.
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274
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275
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Kelemen BW, Mathai SC, Tedford RJ, Damico RL, Corona-Villalobos C, Kolb TM, Chaisson NF, Harris TH, Zimmerman SL, Kamel IR, Kass DA, Hassoun PM. Right ventricular remodeling in idiopathic and scleroderma-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: two distinct phenotypes. Pulm Circ 2015; 5:327-34. [PMID: 26064458 DOI: 10.1086/680356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with scleroderma (SSc)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have worse survival than patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH). We hypothesized that the right ventricle (RV) adapts differently in SSc-PAH versus IPAH. We used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) and hemodynamic characteristics to assess the relationship between RV morphology and RV load in patients with SSc-PAH and IPAH. In 53 patients with PAH (35 with SSc-PAH and 18 with IPAH) diagnosed by right heart catheterization (RHC), we examined cMRIs obtained within 48 hours of RHC and compared RV morphology between groups. Regression analysis was used to assess the association between diagnosis (IPAH vs. SSc-PAH) and RV measurements after adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), left ventricular (LV) mass, and RV load. There were no significant differences in unadjusted comparisons of cMRI measurements between the two groups. Univariable regression showed RV mass index (RVMI) was linearly associated with measures of RV load in both the overall cohort and within each group. Multivariable linear regression models revealed a significant interaction between disease type and RVMI adjusting for pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), age, sex, race, BMI, and LV mass. This model showed a decreased slope in the relationship between RVMI and PVR in the SSc-PAH group compared with the IPAH group. RVMI varies linearly with measures of RV load. After adjusting for multiple potential confounders, patients with SSc-PAH demonstrated significantly less RV hypertrophy with increasing PVR than patients with IPAH. This difference in adaptive hypertrophy may in part explain previously observed decreased contractility and poorer survival in SSc-PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Kelemen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA ; These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Stephen C Mathai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA ; These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Ryan J Tedford
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel L Damico
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cecilia Corona-Villalobos
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd M Kolb
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Neal F Chaisson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Traci Housten Harris
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefan L Zimmerman
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ihab R Kamel
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul M Hassoun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Červenka L, Melenovský V, Husková Z, Sporková A, Bürgelová M, Škaroupková P, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Imig JD, Sadowski J. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase does not improve the course of congestive heart failure and the development of renal dysfunction in rats with volume overload induced by aorto-caval fistula. Physiol Res 2015; 64:857-73. [PMID: 26047375 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The detailed mechanisms determining the course of congestive heart failure (CHF) and associated renal dysfunction remain unclear. In a volume overload model of CHF induced by creation of aorto-caval fistula (ACF) in Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) rats we explored the putative pathogenetic contribution of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), active products of CYP-450 dependent epoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, and compared it with the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Chronic treatment with cis-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido) cyclohexyloxy]benzoic acid (c-AUCB, 3 mg/l in drinking water), an inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) which normally degrades EETs, increased intrarenal and myocardial EETs to levels observed in sham-operated HanSD rats, but did not improve the survival or renal function impairment. In contrast, chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACEi, trandolapril, 6 mg/l in drinking water) increased renal blood flow, fractional sodium excretion and markedly improved survival, without affecting left ventricular structure and performance. Hence, renal dysfunction rather than cardiac remodeling determines long-term mortality in advanced stage of CHF due to volume overload. Strong protective actions of ACEi were associated with suppression of the vasoconstrictor/sodium retaining axis and activation of vasodilatory/natriuretic axis of the renin-angiotensin system in the circulating blood and kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Červenka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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277
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Modeling Pathologies of Diastolic and Systolic Heart Failure. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:112-27. [PMID: 26043672 PMCID: PMC4670609 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is a medical condition that involves structural and functional changes of the heart and a progressive reduction in cardiac output. Heart failure is classified into two categories: diastolic heart failure, a thickening of the ventricular wall associated with impaired filling; and systolic heart failure, a dilation of the ventricles associated with reduced pump function. In theory, the pathophysiology of heart failure is well understood. In practice, however, heart failure is highly sensitive to cardiac microstructure, geometry, and loading. This makes it virtually impossible
to predict the time line of heart failure for a diseased individual. Here we show that computational modeling allows us to integrate knowledge from different scales to create an individualized model for cardiac growth and remodeling during chronic heart failure. Our model naturally connects molecular events of parallel and serial sarcomere deposition with cellular phenomena of myofibrillogenesis and sarcomerogenesis to whole organ function. Our simulations predict chronic alterations in wall thickness, chamber size, and cardiac geometry, which agree favorably with the clinical observations in patients with diastolic and systolic heart failure. In contrast to existing single- or bi-ventricular models, our new four-chamber model can also predict characteristic secondary effects including papillary muscle dislocation, annular dilation, regurgitant flow, and outflow obstruction. Our prototype study suggests that computational modeling provides a patient-specific window into the progression of heart failure with a view towards personalized treatment planning.
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278
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Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Ventricular Remodelling. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-015-9335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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279
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D'Ascenzi F, Caselli S, Solari M, Pelliccia A, Cameli M, Focardi M, Padeletti M, Corrado D, Bonifazi M, Mondillo S. Novel echocardiographic techniques for the evaluation of athletes' heart: A focus on speckle-tracking echocardiography. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2015; 23:437-46. [PMID: 25990017 DOI: 10.1177/2047487315586095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development and rapid dissemination of two-dimensional echocardiography led to important further advances in our understanding of athletes' heart that has been the subject of several echocardiographic studies involving many thousands of athletes. The description of ventricular chamber enlargement, myocardial hypertrophy and atrial dilatation has led to a more comprehensive understanding of cardiac adaptation to exercise conditioning. Most recently, advanced echocardiographic techniques have begun to clarify significant functional adaptations of the myocardium that accompany previously reported morphological features of athletes' heart. In particular, speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) has recently provided further insights into the characterisation of myocardial properties. DISCUSSION STE is a relatively new, largely angle-independent, non-invasive imaging technique that allows for an objective and quantitative evaluation of global and regional myocardial function. STE has enhanced our understanding of athletes' heart through a comprehensive characterisation of biventricular and biatrial function, providing novel insights into the investigation of physiological adaptation of the heart to exercise conditioning. These peculiarities can provide further useful data to distinguish between athletes' heart and cardiomyopathies. Furthermore, STE represents a promising tool to address new concerns on right ventricular function and to increase understanding of the complexity of the non-systemic circulation, especially in the athletic population. CONCLUSION This review article analyses new data on cardiac function in athletes by novel echocardiographic techniques with a particular attention to the application of STE to characterise biventricular and biatrial function in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio D'Ascenzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Italy
| | | | - Marco Solari
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Marta Focardi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Padeletti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Domenico Corrado
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Bonifazi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and NeuroScience, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Sergio Mondillo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Italy
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280
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Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Gluba-Brzózka A, Michalska-Kasiczak M, Misztal M, Rysz J, Banach M. The multi-biomarker approach for heart failure in patients with hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:10715-33. [PMID: 25984599 PMCID: PMC4463672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160510715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the predictive ability of selected biomarkers using N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as the benchmark and tried to establish a multi-biomarker approach to heart failure (HF) in hypertensive patients. In 120 hypertensive patients with or without overt heart failure, the incremental predictive value of the following biomarkers was investigated: Collagen III N-terminal propeptide (PIIINP), cystatin C (CysC), lipocalin-2/NGAL, syndecan-4, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 receptor type I (IL1R1), galectin-3, cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). The highest discriminative value for HF was observed for NT-proBNP (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.873) and TGF-β (AUC = 0.878). On the basis of ROC curve analysis we found that CT-1 > 152 pg/mL, TGF-β < 7.7 ng/mL, syndecan > 2.3 ng/mL, NT-proBNP > 332.5 pg/mL, CysC > 1 mg/L and NGAL > 39.9 ng/mL were significant predictors of overt HF. There was only a small improvement in predictive ability of the multi-biomarker panel including the four biomarkers with the best performance in the detection of HF—NT-proBNP, TGF-β, CT-1, CysC—compared to the panel with NT-proBNP, TGF-β and CT-1 only. Biomarkers with different pathophysiological backgrounds (NT-proBNP, TGF-β, CT-1, CysC) give additive prognostic value for incident HF in hypertensive patients compared to NT-proBNP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
| | | | - Małgorzata Misztal
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
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282
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Hsieh YL, Tsai YL, Shibu MA, Su CC, Chung LC, Pai P, Kuo CH, Yeh YL, Viswanadha VP, Huang CY. ZAK induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and brain natriuretic peptide expression via p38/JNK signaling and GATA4/c-Jun transcriptional factor activation. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 405:1-9. [PMID: 25869677 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is an adaptive response of heart to various stress conditions. During the period of stress accumulation, transition from physiological hypertrophy to pathological hypertrophy results in the promotion of heart failure. Our previous studies found that ZAK, a sterile alpha motif and leucine zipper containing kinase, was highly expressed in infarcted human hearts and demonstrated that overexpression of ZAK induced cardiac hypertrophy. This study evaluates, cellular events associated with the expression of two doxycycline (Dox) inducible Tet-on ZAK expression systems, a Tet-on ZAK WT (wild-type), and a Tet-on ZAK DN (mutant, Dominant-negative form) in H9c2 myoblast cells; Tet-on ZAK WT was found to increase cell size and hypertrophic marker BNP in a dose-dependent manner. To ascertain the mechanism of ZAK-mediated hypertrophy, expression analysis with various inhibitors of the related upstream and downstream proteins was performed. Tet-on ZAK WT expression triggered the p38 and JNK pathway and also activated the expression and nuclear translocation of p-GATA4 and p-c-Jun transcription factors, without the involvement of p-ERK or NFATc3. However, Tet-on ZAK DN showed no effect on the p38 and JNK signaling cascade. The results showed that the inhibitors of JNK1/2 and p38 significantly suppressed ZAK-induced BNP expression. The results show the role of ZAK and/or the ZAK downstream events such as JNK and p38 phosphorylation, c-Jun, and GATA-4 nuclear translocation in cardiac hypertrophy. ZAK and/or the ZAK downstream p38, and JNK pathway could therefore be potential targets to ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy symptoms in ZAK-overexpressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Liang Hsieh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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283
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Bao MW, Cai Z, Zhang XJ, Li L, Liu X, Wan N, Hu G, Wan F, Zhang R, Zhu X, Xia H, Li H. Dickkopf-3 protects against cardiac dysfunction and ventricular remodelling following myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:25. [PMID: 25840773 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) is a secreted glycoprotein of the Dickkopf family (DKK1-4) that modulates Wnt signalling. DKK3 has been reported to regulate cell development, proliferation, apoptosis, and immune response. However, the functional role of DKK3 in cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI) has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to explore the functional significance of DKK3 in the regulation of post-MI remodelling and its underlying mechanisms. MI was induced by surgical left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in transgenic mice expressing cardiac-specific DKK3 and DKK3 knockout (KO) mice as well as their non-transgenic and DKK3(+/+) littermates. Our results demonstrated that after MI, mice with DKK3 deficiency had increased mortality, greater infarct size, and exacerbated left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Significantly, at 1 week post-MI, the hearts of DKK3-KO mice exhibited increased apoptosis, inflammation, and LV remodelling compared with the hearts of their DKK3(+/+) littermates. Conversely, DKK3 overexpression led to the opposite phenotype after infarction. Similar results were observed in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia in vitro. Mechanistically, DKK3 promotes cardioprotection by interrupting the ASK1-JNK/p38 signalling cascades. In conclusion, our results indicate that DKK3 protects against the development of MI-induced cardiac remodelling via negative regulation of the ASK1-JNK/p38 signalling pathway. Thus, our study suggests that DKK3 may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
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284
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Abstract
Very young mammals have an impressive cardiac regeneration capacity. In contrast, cardiac regeneration is very limited in adult humans. The hearts of young children have a higher regenerative capacity compared with adults, as, for example, seen after surgical correction of an anomalous left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery or in children with univentricular hearts, who present enormous morphological changes after volume unloading. In addition, the enormous regenerative potential of growing children's hearts is reflected in the spontaneous courses of children with severely deteriorated cardiac function (e.g., patients with dilated cardiomyopathy). The extent of this regenerative capacity and its time dependency remain to be elucidated in the future and should be exploited to improve the treatment of children with severe heart insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rupp
- Pediatric Heart Center, University of Giessen and Marburg, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35390, Giessen, Germany,
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285
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Seymour AML, Giles L, Ball V, Miller JJ, Clarke K, Carr CA, Tyler DJ. In vivo assessment of cardiac metabolism and function in the abdominal aortic banding model of compensated cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:249-60. [PMID: 25750189 PMCID: PMC4400188 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Left ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the heart to chronic mechanical overload and can lead to functional deterioration and heart failure. Changes in cardiac energy metabolism are considered as key to the hypertrophic remodelling process. The concurrence of obesity and hypertrophy has been associated with contractile dysfunction, and this work therefore aimed to investigate the in vivo structural, functional, and metabolic remodelling that occurs in the hypertrophied heart in the setting of a high-fat, high-sucrose, Western diet (WD). Methods and results Following induction of cardiac hypertrophy through abdominal aortic banding, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to either a standard diet or a WD (containing 45% fat and 16% sucrose) for up to 14 weeks. Cardiac structural and functional characteristics were determined by CINE MRI, and in vivo metabolism was investigated using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled pyruvate. Cardiac hypertrophy was observed at all time points, irrespective of dietary manipulation, with no evidence of cardiac dysfunction. Pyruvate dehydrogenase flux was unchanged in the hypertrophied animals at any time point, but increased incorporation of the 13C label into lactate was observed by 9 weeks and maintained at 14 weeks, indicative of enhanced glycolysis. Conclusion Hypertrophied hearts revealed little evidence of a switch towards increased glucose oxidation but rather an uncoupling of glycolytic metabolism from glucose oxidation. This was maintained under conditions of dietary stress provided by a WD but, at this compensated phase of hypertrophy, did not result in any contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie L Seymour
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Lucia Giles
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Vicky Ball
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Jack J Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Kieran Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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286
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Taghavi S, Sharp TE, Duran JM, Makarewich CA, Berretta RM, Starosta T, Kubo H, Barbe M, Houser SR. Autologous c-Kit+ Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injections Provide Superior Therapeutic Benefit as Compared to c-Kit+ Cardiac-Derived Stem Cells in a Feline Model of Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Clin Transl Sci 2015; 8:425-31. [PMID: 25684108 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac- (CSC) and mesenchymal-derived (MSC) CD117+ isolated stem cells improve cardiac function after injury. However, no study has compared the therapeutic benefit of these cells when used autologously. METHODS MSCs and CSCs were isolated on day 0. Cardiomyopathy was induced (day 28) by infusion of L-isoproterenol (1,100 ug/kg/hour) from Alzet minipumps for 10 days. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was infused via minipumps (50 mg/mL) to identify proliferative cells during the injury phase. Following injury (day 38), autologous CSC (n = 7) and MSC (n = 4) were delivered by intracoronary injection. These animals were compared to those receiving sham injections by echocardiography, invasive hemodynamics, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Fractional shortening improved with CSC (26.9 ± 1.1% vs. 16.1 ± 0.2%, p = 0.01) and MSC (25.1 ± 0.2% vs. 12.1 ± 0.5%, p = 0.01) as compared to shams. MSC were superior to CSC in improving left ventricle end-diastolic (LVED) volume (37.7 ± 3.1% vs. 19.9 ± 9.4%, p = 0.03) and ejection fraction (27.7 ± 0.1% vs. 19.9 ± 0.4%, p = 0.02). LVED pressure was less in MSC (6.3 ± 1.3 mmHg) as compared to CSC (9.3 ± 0.7 mmHg) and sham (13.3 ± 0.7); p = 0.01. LV BrdU+ myocytes were higher in MSC (0.17 ± 0.03%) than CSC (0.09 ± 0.01%) and sham (0.06 ± 01%); p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS Both CD117+ isolated CSC and MSC therapy improve cardiac function and attenuate pathological remodeling. However, MSC appear to confer additional benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharven Taghavi
- Temple University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Temple University School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas E Sharp
- Temple University School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason M Duran
- Temple University School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine A Makarewich
- Temple University School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Remus M Berretta
- Temple University School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tim Starosta
- Temple University School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hajime Kubo
- Temple University School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary Barbe
- Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Temple University School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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287
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Huang Q, Huang J, Zeng Z, Luo J, Liu P, Chen S, Liu B, Pan X, Zang L, Zhou S. Effects of ERK1/2/PPARα/SCAD signal pathways on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by insulin-like growth factor 1 and phenylephrine. Life Sci 2015; 124:41-9. [PMID: 25636810 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) is a key enzyme in fatty acid oxidation. In the present study we aim to investigate the changes in SCAD between pathological and physiological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We also explore the different signaling pathways of pathological and physiological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. MAIN METHODS After neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated as setups, cell surface area, expression of SCAD, PPARα, phospho-ERK1/2, activity of SCAD, free fatty acid content and ATP content in the cardiomyocytes were measured. KEY FINDINGS Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated by PE showed an increased cell surface area and free fatty acid content, increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, decreased expression of PPARα, decreased expression and activity of SCAD and decreased levels of ATP. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated by IGF-1 showed the reverse effects except for the cell surface area. PPARα inhibitor GW6471 and PPARα activator Fenofibrate treatments abrogated the effects induced by IGF-1 and PE in cardiomyocytes respectively, as well as ERK1/2 activator EGF and ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059. SIGNIFICANCE SCAD has different changes between pathological and physiological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The ERK1/2/PPARα/SCAD signaling pathways play different roles in pathological and physiological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. SCAD may be used as a new target to prevent the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinxian Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiani Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaorui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuediao Pan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Linquan Zang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sigui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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288
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Sun L, Jin H, Sun L, Chen S, Huang Y, Liu J, Li Z, Zhao M, Sun Y, Tang C, Zhao B, Du J. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates myocardial collagen remodeling in association with inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Med 2015; 20:503-15. [PMID: 25222913 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to explore the role and possible mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the regulation of myocardial collagen remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). We treated nine-week-old male SHRs and age- and sex-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) with NaHS (90 μmol/kg(-1)·day(-1)) for 9 wks. At 18 wks, plasma H2S, tail arterial pressure, morphology of the heart, myocardial ultrastructure and collagen volume fraction (CVF), myocardial expressions of collagen I and III protein and procollagen I and III mRNA, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β type I receptor (TβR-I), type II receptor (TβR-II), p-Smad2 and 3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP)-1 proteins were determined. TGF-β1-stimulated cultured cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were used to further study the mechanisms. The results showed that compared with WKYs, SHRs showed a reduced plasma H2S, elevated tail artery pressure and increased myocardial collagen, TGF-β1, TβR-II, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 expressions. However, NaHS markedly decreased tail artery pressure and inhibited myocardial collagen, TGF-β1, TβR-II, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 protein expressions, but H2S had no effect on the expressions of MMP-13 and TIMP-1. Hydralazine reduced blood pressure but had no effect on myocardial collagen, MMP-13 and TIMP-1 expressions and TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. H2S prevented activation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and abnormal collagen synthesis in CFs. In conclusion, the results suggested that H2S could prevent myocardial collagen remodeling in SHR. The mechanism might be associated with inhibition of collagen synthesis via TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lujing Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siyao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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289
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Kaneko-Kawano T, Suzuki K. Mechanical stress regulates gene expression via Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.4.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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290
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Pedrizzetti G, Martiniello AR, Bianchi V, D’Onofrio A, Caso P, Tonti G. Cardiac fluid dynamics anticipates heart adaptation. J Biomech 2015; 48:388-91. [PMID: 25529139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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291
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Myokardiale Protektion und Konditionierung. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-014-1095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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292
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Hypertension in African Americans with heart failure: progression from hypertrophy to dilatation; perhaps not. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2014; 22:61-8. [PMID: 25411129 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-014-0070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Concentric hypertrophy is thought to transition to left ventricular (LV) dilatation and systolic failure in the presence of long standing hypertension (HTN). Whether or not this transition routinely occurs in humans is unknown. METHODS We consecutively enrolled African American patients hospitalized for acute decompensated volume overload heart failure (HF) in this retrospective study. All patients had a history of HTN and absence of obstructive coronary disease. Patients were divided into those with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and reduced LVEF. LV dimensions were measured according to standard ASE recommendations. LV mass was calculated using the ASE formula with Devereux correction. RESULTS Patients with normal LVEF HF were significantly older, female and had a longer duration of HTN with higher systolic blood pressure on admission. LV wall thickness was similarly elevated in both groups. LV mass was elevated in both groups however was significantly greater in the reduced LVEF HF group compared to the normal LVEF HF group. Furthermore, gender was an independent predictor for LV wall thickness in normal LVEF HF group. CONCLUSION In African American patients with HF our study questions the paradigm that concentric hypertrophy transitions to LV dilatation and systolic failure in the presence of HTN. Genetics and gender likely play a role in an individual's response to long standing hypertension.
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293
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Finsen AV, Ueland T, Sjaastad I, Ranheim T, Ahmed MS, Dahl CP, Askevold ET, Aakhus S, Husberg C, Fiane AE, Lipp M, Gullestad L, Christensen G, Aukrust P, Yndestad A. The homeostatic chemokine CCL21 predicts mortality in aortic stenosis patients and modulates left ventricular remodeling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112172. [PMID: 25398010 PMCID: PMC4232360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CCL21 acting through CCR7, is termed a homeostatic chemokine. Based on its role in concerting immunological responses and its proposed involvement in tissue remodeling, we hypothesized that this chemokine could play a role in myocardial remodeling during left ventricular (LV) pressure overload. Methods and Results Our main findings were: (i) Serum levels of CCL21 were markedly raised in patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS, n = 136) as compared with healthy controls (n = 20). (ii) A CCL21 level in the highest tertile was independently associated with all-cause mortality in these patients. (iii) Immunostaining suggested the presence of CCR7 on macrophages, endothelial cells and fibroblasts within calcified human aortic valves. (iv). Mice exposed to LV pressure overload showed enhanced myocardial expression of CCL21 and CCR7 mRNA, and increased CCL21 protein levels. (v) CCR7−/− mice subjected to three weeks of LV pressure overload had similar heart weights compared to wild type mice, but increased LV dilatation and reduced wall thickness. Conclusions Our studies, combining experiments in clinical and experimental LV pressure overload, suggest that CCL21/CCR7 interactions might be involved in the response to pressure overload secondary to AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Vanessa Finsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohammed S. Ahmed
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christen P. Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik T. Askevold
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svend Aakhus
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Husberg
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnt E. Fiane
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Lipp
- Department of Molecular Tumor Genetics and Immunogenetics, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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294
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Gao Y, Chu M, Hong J, Shang J, Xu D. Hypoxia induces cardiac fibroblast proliferation and phenotypic switch: a role for caveolae and caveolin-1/PTEN mediated pathway. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:1458-68. [PMID: 25364523 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.08.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibrosis following myocardial infarction (MI) results in heart failure. Caveolin-1, the main structural protein of caveolae, regulates signal transduction pathways controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, low phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) activity enhances the PI3K/Akt signal pathway to induce cell proliferation. But whether caveolin-1 and PTEN activation regulates cardiac fibroblast proliferation and contributes to cardiac fibrosis from ischemic injury is incompletely understood. This study investigates whether hypoxia inducing cardiac fibroblast proliferation and phenotypic switch is caveolin-dependent. METHODS We used in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic injury, immunohistochemical staining, and cell proliferation assays to address this hypothesis. RESULTS We found that MI induced collagen deposition and cardiac dysfunction. After MI, mice displayed reduced caveolin-1 and PTEN expression and increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in the infarct zone. Qualitative and quantitative analyses indicated that caveolin-1 expression was lowest at 7 days after MI, accompanied by increased collagen deposition and attenuated cardiac function. We cultured cardiac fibroblasts of mice were in hypoxia or normoxia conditions for 12, 24 and 48 hours. At all the time points, caveolin-1 and PTEN expression were gradually reduced, whereas, α-SMA was gradually increased. We also observed that cell viability was increased at 12 and 24 h after hypoxia then lightly decreased at 48 h. Additionally, disruption of caveolae with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) enhanced p-Akt and α-SMA expression and fibroblast proliferation and phenotypic switch. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a key role for caveolae, perhaps through the caveolin-1/PTEN signaling pathway, in cardiac fibroblast proliferation and phenotypic switch under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jian Hong
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jingping Shang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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295
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Virag JAI, Lust RM. Circadian influences on myocardial infarction. Front Physiol 2014; 5:422. [PMID: 25400588 PMCID: PMC4214187 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of circadian rhythm maintenance, or "clock genes," are endogenous entrainable oscillations of about 24 h that regulate biological processes and are found in the suprachaismatic nucleus (SCN) and many peripheral tissues, including the heart. They are influenced by external cues, or Zeitgebers, such as light and heat, and can influence such diverse phenomena as cytokine expression immune cells, metabolic activity of cardiac myocytes, and vasodilator regulation by vascular endothelial cells. While it is known that the central master clock in the SCN synchronizes peripheral physiologic rhythms, the mechanisms by which the information is transmitted are complex and may include hormonal, metabolic, and neuronal inputs. Whether circadian patterns are causally related to the observed periodicity of events, or whether they are simply epi-phenomena is not well established, but a few studies suggest that the circadian effects likely are real in their impact on myocardial infarct incidence. Cycle disturbances may be harbingers of predisposition and subsequent response to acute and chronic cardiac injury, and identifying the complex interactions of circadian rhythms and myocardial infarction may provide insights into possible preventative and therapeutic strategies for susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka A I Virag
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Robert M Lust
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
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296
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Giannetta E, Feola T, Gianfrilli D, Pofi R, Dall'Armi V, Badagliacca R, Barbagallo F, Lenzi A, Isidori AM. Is chronic inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 cardioprotective and safe? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Med 2014; 12:185. [PMID: 25330139 PMCID: PMC4201993 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The myocardial effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) have recently received consideration in several preclinical studies. The risk/benefit ratio in humans remains unclear. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PDE5i on cardiac morphology and function. From March 2012 to December 2013 (update: May 2014), we searched English-language studies from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and SCOPUS-selecting RCTs of continuous PDE5i administration that reported cardiovascular outcomes: cardiac geometry and performance, afterload, endothelial function and safety. The pooled estimate of a weighted mean difference between treatment and placebo was obtained for all outcomes using a random effects model. A test for heterogeneity was performed and the I2 statistic calculated. RESULTS Overall, 1,622 subjects were treated, with 954 randomized to PDE5i and 772 to placebo in 24 RCTs. According to our analysis, sustained PDE5 inhibition produced: (1) an anti-remodeling effect by reducing cardiac mass (-12.21 g/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI): -18.85; -5.57) in subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and by increasing end-diastolic volume (5.00 mL/m2; 95% CI: 3.29; 6.71) in non-LVH patients; (2) an improvement in cardiac performance by increasing cardiac index (0.30 L/min/m2, 95% CI: 0.202; 0.406) and ejection fraction (3.56%, 95% CI: 1.79; 5.33). These effects are parallel to a decline of N-terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in subjects with severe LVH (-486.7 pg/ml, 95% CI: -712; -261). PDE5i administration also produced: (3) no changes in afterload parameters and (4) an improvement in flow-mediated vasodilation (3.31%, 95% CI: 0.53; 6.08). Flushing, headache, epistaxis and gastric symptoms were the commonest side effects. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests for the first time that PDE5i have anti-remodeling properties and improve cardiac inotropism, independently of afterload changes, with a good safety profile. Given the reproducibility of the findings and tolerability across different populations, PDE5i could be reasonably offered to men with cardiac hypertrophy and early stage heart failure. Given the limited gender data, a larger trial on the sex-specific response to long-term PDE5i treatment is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Feola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Pofi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Valentina Dall'Armi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Via della Pisana 235, Rome, 00163, Italy.
| | - Roberto Badagliacca
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy.
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297
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MMI-0100 inhibits cardiac fibrosis in myocardial infarction by direct actions on cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts via MK2 inhibition. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 77:86-101. [PMID: 25257914 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cell-permeant peptide inhibitor of MAPKAP kinase 2 (MK2), MMI-0100, inhibits MK2 and downstream fibrosis and inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated that MMI-0100 reduces intimal hyperplasia in a mouse vein graft model, pulmonary fibrosis in a murine bleomycin-induced model and development of adhesions in conjunction with abdominal surgery. MK2 is critical to the pathogenesis of ischemic heart injury as MK2(-/-) mice are resistant to ischemic remodeling. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that inhibiting MK2 with MMI-0100 would protect the heart after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in vivo. AMI was induced by placing a permanent LAD coronary ligation. When MMI-0100 peptide was given 30 min after permanent LAD coronary artery ligation, the resulting fibrosis was reduced/prevented ~50% at a 2 week time point, with a corresponding improvement in cardiac function and decrease in left ventricular dilation. In cultured cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, MMI-0100 inhibited MK2 to reduce cardiomyocyte caspase 3/7 activity, while enhancing primary cardiac fibroblast caspase 3/7 activity, which may explain MMI-0100's salvage of cardiac function and anti-fibrotic effects in vivo. These findings suggest that therapeutic inhibition of MK2 after acute MI, using rationally-designed cell-permeant peptides, inhibits cardiac fibrosis and maintains cardiac function by mechanisms that involve inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis, while enhancing primary cardiac fibroblast cell death.
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299
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Cardiospheres reverse adverse remodeling in chronic rat myocardial infarction: roles of soluble endoglin and Tgf-β signaling. Basic Res Cardiol 2014; 109:443. [PMID: 25245471 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-014-0443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling heart-derived stem cell clusters named cardiospheres (CSps) improve function and attenuate remodeling in rodent models of acute myocardial infarction. The effects of CSps in chronically remodeled myocardium post-MI, and the underlying mechanisms, remain unknown. One month after permanent coronary ligation, rats were randomly assigned to injection of vehicle (controls) or CSps in the peri-infarct area. One month post-injection, CSps increased left ventricular function, reduced scar mass and collagen density, and enhanced vascularity within the infarct zone compared to controls. Immunoblots revealed Tgfβ-1/smad cascade downregulation and an increase in soluble endoglin post-CSp injection. Six months post-transplantation, left ventricular function further improved and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was attenuated in the CSp-treated group. In vitro, co-culture of CSps with fibroblasts recapitulated the suppression of the Tgf-β1/smad pathway changes, responses which were blunted by neutralizing antibody against endoglin. Thus, cardiosphere transplantation enhances angiogenesis and reduces fibrosis in chronically infarcted myocardium, leading to partial reversal of cardiac dysfunction. The underlying mechanism involves inhibition of Tgf-β1/smad signaling by CSp-secreted soluble endoglin.
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Abstract
Heart failure is a complex multifaceted syndrome occurring as a result of impaired cardiac function. Understanding the neurohormonal, inflammatory and molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of this syndrome has led to the development of effective and widely used pharmacological treatments. Despite this, mortality and hospitalization rates associated with this condition remain high. The natural course of this illness is usually progressive, often leading inexorably to end stage heart failure, for which orthotopic heart transplant is a treatment option but one with limited resource. In the past decade, mechanical circulatory support has emerged as a potential therapy for certain patients with advanced heart failure. This article reviews the published data regarding biomarkers in the setting of mechanical circulatory support, and highlights areas of ongoing work and potential future areas of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Simpson
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
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