251
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Arya P, Kutterer KM, Qin H, Roby J, Barnes ML, Lin S, Lingwood CA, Peter MG. Alpha-galactose based neoglycopeptides. Inhibition of verotoxin binding to globotriosylceramide. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:2823-33. [PMID: 10658586 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Solution and solid phase strategies for the synthesis of alpha-galactose based neoglycopeptide derivatives 2-13 were developed. Neoglycopeptides generated were tested for the inhibition of verotoxin binding to globotriosylceramide (Gb3) using ELISA. Among all of the compounds tested, only the lipid derivatives of neoglycopeptides, 11, 12 and 13 were found to be inhibitors, IC50 = 2.0 mM (11b and 12c) and 0.2 mM (11c and 13c). All of the inhibitors (11b, 11c, 12c and 13c) have a similar branching of the two alpha-galactosyl units at the N-terminal glycine residue of a short peptide and a lipid moiety attached at the C-terminal site. Both of these factors seem to be crucial for the inhibition. It is interesting to note that the inhibitors have only a portion of the natural trisaccharide ligand. The secondary groups either may contribute in sub-site oriented interactions with the protein receptors or may mimic the internal sugar units of the cell-surface ligand, Gb3.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arya
- Chemical Biology Program, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON.
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252
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Yasugi K, Nakamura T, Nagasaki Y, Kato M, Kataoka K. Sugar-Installed Polymer Micelles: Synthesis and Micellization of Poly(ethylene glycol)−Poly(d,l-lactide) Block Copolymers Having Sugar Groups at the PEG Chain End. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma991066l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yasugi
- Department of Materials Science, Science University of Tokyo, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan, and Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Teruo Nakamura
- Department of Materials Science, Science University of Tokyo, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan, and Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Department of Materials Science, Science University of Tokyo, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan, and Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masao Kato
- Department of Materials Science, Science University of Tokyo, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan, and Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Department of Materials Science, Science University of Tokyo, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan, and Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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253
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André S, Ortega PJ, Perez MA, Roy R, Gabius HJ. Lactose-containing starburst dendrimers: influence of dendrimer generation and binding-site orientation of receptors (plant/animal lectins and immunoglobulins) on binding properties. Glycobiology 1999; 9:1253-61. [PMID: 10536041 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/9.11.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Starburst glycodendrimers offer the potential to serve as high-affinity ligands for clinically relevant sugar receptors. In order to define areas of application, their binding behavior towards sugar receptors with differential binding-site orientation but identical monosaccharide specificity must be evaluated. Using poly(amidoamine) starburst dendrimers of five generations, which contain the p-isothiocyanato derivative of p-aminophenyl-beta-D-lactoside as ligand group, four different types of galactoside-binding proteins were chosen for this purpose, i.e., the (AB)(2)-toxic agglutinin from mistletoe, a human immunoglobulin G fraction, the homodimeric galectin-1 with its two binding sites at opposite ends of the jelly-roll-motif-harboring protein and monomeric galectin-3. Direct solid-phase assays with surface-immobilized glycodendrimers resulted in obvious affinity enhancements by progressive core branching for the plant agglutinin and less pronounced for the antibody and galectin-1. High density of binding of galectin-3 with modest affinity increases only from the level of the 32-mer onwards points to favorable protein-protein interactions of the monomeric lectin and a spherical display of the end groups without a major share of backfolding. When the inhibitory potency of these probes was evaluated as competitor of receptor binding to an immobilized neoglycoprotein or to asialofetuin, a marked selectivity was detected. The 32- and 64-mers were second to none as inhibitors for the plant agglutinin against both ligand-exposing matrices and for galectin-1 on the matrix with a heterogeneous array of interglycoside distances even on the per-sugar basis. In contrast, a neoglycoprotein with the same end group was superior in the case of the antibody and, less pronounced, monomeric galectin-3. Intimate details of topological binding-site presentation and the ligand display on different generations of core assembly are major operative factors which determine the potential of dendrimers for applications as lectin-targeting device, as attested by these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinärstrasse 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany
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254
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Dimick SM, Powell SC, McMahon SA, Moothoo DN, Naismith JH, Toone EJ. On the Meaning of Affinity: Cluster Glycoside Effects and Concanavalin A. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja991729e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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255
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Gee AC, Carlson KE, Martini PG, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA. Coactivator peptides have a differential stabilizing effect on the binding of estrogens and antiestrogens with the estrogen receptor. Mol Endocrinol 1999; 13:1912-23. [PMID: 10551784 DOI: 10.1210/mend.13.11.0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of estrogens in stimulating gene transcription mediated by the estrogen receptor (ER) appears to depend on ER interactions with coactivator proteins. These coactivators bind to ER when it is liganded with an estrogen agonist, but not when it is liganded with an estrogen antagonist. Because estrogen agonists are known to induce a conformation in ER that stabilizes coactivator binding, we asked whether coactivator binding to ER causes a reciprocal stabilization of agonist ligand binding. We used a fluorescent ligand for ER, tetrahydrochrysene-ketone, to monitor the rates of ligand dissociation from ERalpha and ERbeta, and to see how this process is affected by the p160-class coactivator, steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1). We used a 15-amino acid peptide corresponding to the second nuclear receptor box LXXLL motif in SRC-1 (NR-2 peptide), which is known to interact with the ER ligand-binding domain, a mutant peptide with an LXXAL sequence (NR-2A peptide), and a 203-amino acid fragment of SRC-1, termed the nuclear receptor domain (SRC1-NRD), embodying all three of the internal NR boxes of this protein. Both the NR-2 peptide and the SRC1-NRD fragment markedly slow the rate of dissociation of the agonist ligands tetrahydrochrysene-ketone, estradiol, and diethylstilbestrol, increasing the half-life of the ER-agonist complex by up to 50- to 60-fold. The SRC1-NRD has much higher potency in retarding ligand dissociation than does the NR-2 peptide; it is maximally effective at 30 nM, and it appears to bind with the stoichiometry of one SRC1-NRD per ER dimer. The peptides had little effect on the dissociation rate of antagonist ligands. Consistent with these results, we find that increasing the concentration of SRC-1 in cells by transfection of an expression plasmid encoding SRC-1 causes a 17-fold increase in the potency of estradiol in an estrogen-responsive reporter gene transcription assay. Thus, there is multifactorial control over receptor-coactivator interaction, its strength being determined by the agonist vs. antagonist nature of the ligand and the particular structure of the agonist ligand, and by the receptor subtype and the NR box sequence. The stabilizing effect of coactivator on ER-agonist ligand complexes may be important in determining the potency of estrogen agonists in a cell and may also underlie the tissue-selective pharmacology of certain synthetic estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Gee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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256
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Hasegawa T, Kondoh S, Matsuura K, Kobayashi K. Rigid Helical Poly(glycosyl phenyl isocyanide)s: Synthesis, Conformational Analysis, and Recognition by Lectins. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma990444j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Hasegawa
- Department of Molecular Design and Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kondoh
- Department of Molecular Design and Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Design and Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazukiyo Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Design and Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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257
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Wang JQ, Chen X, Zhang W, Zacharek S, Chen Y, Wang PG. Enhanced Inhibition of Human Anti-Gal Antibody Binding to Mammalian Cells by Synthetic α-Gal Epitope Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990219h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianq-Qiang Wang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Xi Chen
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Wei Zhang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Sima Zacharek
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Peng George Wang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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258
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Li J, Zacharek S, Chen X, Wang J, Zhang W, Janczuk A, Wang PG. Bacteria targeted by human natural antibodies using alpha-Gal conjugated receptor-specific glycopolymers. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:1549-58. [PMID: 10482447 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of polymerizable beta-lactosyl, Galalpha1-->3Gal and alpha-mannosyl acrylamide derivatives with either a hydrophobic aromatic spacer or a hydrophilic biocompatible oligoethoxyl spacer was accomplished. Radical terpolymerizations of beta-lactosyl monomer. alpha-mannosyl monomer, and acrylamide were conducted in aqueous media with ammonium persulfate and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine as initiators. The resulting water soluble glycopolymers were further transformed efficiently by a recombinant alpha1-->3 galactosyltransferase to afford mediators bearing Galalpha1-->3Gal termini as xenoactive antigens and alpha-mannosyl termini as specific ligands for bacterial cells. The binding of the resulting multivalent glycopolymer to bacteria was tested by its ability to inhibit agglutination of yeast to E. coli. The binding of human natural anti-Gal antibodies to the alpha-Gal containing glycopolymers and a monovalent alpha-Gal-Man glycoconjugate was demonstrated by an ELISA inhibition assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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259
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Strong LE, Kiessling LL. A General Synthetic Route to Defined, Biologically Active Multivalent Arrays. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990223t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Strong
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Laura L. Kiessling
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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260
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Huwe CM, Woltering TJ, Jiricek J, Weitz-Schmidt G, Wong CH. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of aryl-substituted sialyl Lewis X mimetics prepared via cross-metathesis of C-fucopeptides. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:773-88. [PMID: 10400330 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several aryl substituted C-fucopeptides have been developed as sialyl Lewis X mimetics. Although the compounds have a much simpler structure compared to SLe(x), up to 3-times higher binding affinity toward E-selectin and > 1000 times toward P-selectin was observed. Furthermore, a convenient strategy for generating a number of analogues from a SLe(x) mimetic template at a very late stage of the synthesis was introduced, using a ruthenium catalyzed cross olefin metathesis under benchtop conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Huwe
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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261
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Serizawa T, Uchida T, Akashi M. Synthesis of polystyrene nanospheres having lactose-conjugated hydrophilic polymers on their surfaces and carbohydrate recognition by proteins. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 1999; 10:391-401. [PMID: 10189106 DOI: 10.1163/156856299x00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We prepared a poly(vinylamine)-grafted polystyrene nanosphere by the free radical polymerization of poly(N-vinylacetamide) macromonomer and styrene with AIBN in ethanol and subsequent acid hydrolysis. We conjugated lactose on the nanosphere by an amide linkage and found that the lactose was recognized by a galactose-specific lectin RCA120, which was analyzed by enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). The binding ability of the lectin to lactose on the nanosphere was at least 10(2) times larger than that to a monomeric lactose. Binding ability was clearly affected by the lactose density on the nanosphere and showed a maximum value at the suitable surface density of lactose. We found that the carbohydrate-conjugated nanosphere would be a useful biomaterial for a site specific drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Serizawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kagoshima University, Japan
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262
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Sulfonomethyl analogues of aldos-2-ulosonic acids. Synthesis of a new sialyl Lewis X analogue. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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263
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Houseman BT, Mrksich M. Die Rolle der Ligandendichte bei der enzymatischen Glycosylierung von Kohlenhydraten, die auf einer selbstorganisierten Alkanthiolat-Monoschicht auf Gold präsentiert werden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990315)111:6<876::aid-ange876>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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264
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Sanders WJ, Gordon EJ, Dwir O, Beck PJ, Alon R, Kiessling LL. Inhibition of L-selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling by synthetic glycoprotein mimics. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:5271-8. [PMID: 10026133 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.9.5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic carbohydrate and glycoprotein mimics displaying sulfated saccharide residues have been assayed for their L-selectin inhibitory properties under static and flow conditions. Polymers displaying the L-selectin recognition epitopes 3',6-disulfo Lewis x(Glc) (3-O-SO3-Galbeta1alpha4(Fucalpha1alpha3)-6-O-SO3-Glcbeta+ ++-OR) and 3',6'-disulfo Lewis x(Glc) (3, 6-di-O-SO3-Galbeta1alpha4(Fucalpha1alpha3)Glcbeta-OR) both inhibit L-selectin binding to heparin under static, cell-free binding conditions with similar efficacies. Under conditions of shear flow, however, only the polymer displaying 3',6-disulfo Lewis x(Glc) inhibits the rolling of L-selectin-transfected cells on the glycoprotein ligand GlyCAM-1. Although it has been shown to more effective than sialyl Lewis x at blocking the L-selectin-GlyCAM-1 interaction in static binding studies, the corresponding monomer had no effect in the dynamic assay. These data indicate that multivalent ligands are far more effective inhibitors of L-selectin-mediated rolling than their monovalent counterparts and that the inhibitory activities are dependent on the specific sulfation pattern of the recognition epitope. Importantly, our results indicate the L-selectin specificity for one ligand over another found in static, cell-free binding assays is not necessarily retained under the conditions of shear flow. The results suggest that monovalent or polyvalent carbohydrate or glycoprotein mimetics that inhibit selectin binding in static assays may not block the more physiologically relevant process of selectin-mediated rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Sanders
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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265
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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266
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Kutterer KMK, Barnes ML, Arya P. Automated, Solid-Phase Synthesis of C-Neoglycopeptides: Coupling of Glycosyl Derivatives to Resin-Bound Peptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/cc980001b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. K. Kutterer
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Michael L. Barnes
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Prabhat Arya
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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267
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Kieburg C, Lindhorst TK, Křen V. Enzymatic Glycosylation of Branched Symmetrical Non-Carbohydrate Polyols. J Carbohydr Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309808001896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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268
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Tsuchida A, Kobayashi K, Matsubara N, Muramatsu T, Suzuki T, Suzuki Y. Simple synthesis of sialyllactose-carrying polystyrene and its binding with influenza virus. Glycoconj J 1998; 15:1047-54. [PMID: 10386889 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006960116583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugate polystyrenes bearing sialyllactose moieties were prepared via a simple method from a mixture of alpha2-6 and a2-3 linked sialyllactose isomers of bovine milk origin. The reducing end of sialyllactose was converted to an amino function with ammonium hydrogen carbonate and then coupled with p-vinylbenzoyl chloride. The resulting styrene derivative substituted with sialyllactose via an amide linkage was polymerized with ammonium peroxodisulfate and N,N,N',N-tetramethylethylenediamine in water at 30 degrees C. The interaction of the glycopolymer with influenza A and B viruses was investigated by three different methods. The glycopolymer inhibited the hemagglutination of influenza A virus (PR/8/34) and its activity was 10(3) times higher than that of the oligosaccharide itself. The cytopathic effect of virus-infected MDCK (Madine-Darby canine kidney) cells was inhibited by the glycopolymer. The homopolymer showed 10(2) times higher inhibitory activity than naturally-occurring fetuin. It was also found that various viruses could be trapped by the glycopolymer adsorbed on a polystyrene surface. The inhibitory and trapping activities of the glycopolymers were correlated with the sialyl linkage specificities of the virus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsuchida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
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269
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Mammen M, Choi SK, Whitesides GM. Polyvalente Wechselwirkungen in biologischen Systemen: Auswirkungen auf das Design und die Verwendung multivalenter Liganden und Inhibitoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19981016)110:20<2908::aid-ange2908>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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270
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Mann DA, Kanai M, Maly DJ, Kiessling LL. Probing Low Affinity and Multivalent Interactions with Surface Plasmon Resonance: Ligands for Concanavalin A. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9818506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Mann
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Dustin J. Maly
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Laura L. Kiessling
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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271
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Kobayashi K, Kamiya S, Matsuyama M, Murata T, Usui T. Synthesis and Functions of a Glycopolymer Carrying Galβ1→4(GlcNAc)3 Tetrasaccharide. Polym J 1998. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.30.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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272
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Arya P, Kutterer KM, Qin H, Roby J, Barnes ML, Kim JM, Roy R. Diversity of C-linked neoglycopeptides for the exploration of subsite-assisted carbohydrate binding interactions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:1127-32. [PMID: 9871721 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Diversity of alpha-galactose based C-linked neoglycopeptides (1b, 2b, 3c, 4d, and 5d) has been developed to explore the importance of subsite-assisted carbohydrate binding interactions. Deprotected C-linked neoglycopeptides (1b, 2b, 3c, 4d, and 5d) were synthesized and tested in competitive inhibition assays using a model enzyme-linked lectin (e.g., Maclura pomifera). Compound 2b, with two alpha-galactoside units on the side chain of the lysine residue of the dipeptide backbone, exhibited a remarkable effect with a 2.82-fold increase in its inhibitory properties (IC50 1.48 mM) in comparison to 1b (IC50 4.18 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arya
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
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273
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Bezouska K, Kren V, Kieburg C, Lindhorst TK. GlcNAc-terminated glycodendrimers form defined precipitates with the soluble dimeric receptor of rat natural killer cells, sNKR-P1A. FEBS Lett 1998; 426:243-7. [PMID: 9599017 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic GlcNAc-terminated thiourea-bridged glycoclusters were found to be potent inhibitors of binding of the soluble dimeric receptor of rat natural killer cells, sNKR-P1A protein, to its high affinity ligand. Moreover, we have shown here that characteristic precipitation curves can be recorded upon mixing of the GlcNAc glycoclusters with sNKR-P1A. For the GlcNAc8 glycocluster the precipitation curve is biphasic, with high affinity and low affinity precipitates differing in their sensitivity towards GlcNAc-mediated inhibition of precipitation. Quantitative analyses of the precipitates indicate the occurrence of a single sugar binding site per sNKR-P1A subunit, and lead to a model of the most possible spatial arrangements of the glycocluster-receptor lattices. These results provide new tools for further studies on carbohydrate recognition by NKR-P1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bezouska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Phaha, Czech Republic.
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274
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Simanek EE, McGarvey GJ, Jablonowski JA, Wong CH. Selectinminus signCarbohydrate Interactions: From Natural Ligands to Designed Mimics. Chem Rev 1998; 98:833-862. [PMID: 11848916 DOI: 10.1021/cr940226i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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275
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Lis H, Sharon N. Lectins: Carbohydrate-Specific Proteins That Mediate Cellular Recognition. Chem Rev 1998; 98:637-674. [PMID: 11848911 DOI: 10.1021/cr940413g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1289] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Halina Lis
- Department of Membrane Research and Biophysics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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276
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α-Mannosyl clusters scaffolded on azamacrocycles:Synthesis and inhibitory properties in the adhesion of type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli to Guinea pig erythrocytes. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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277
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Kogan TP, Dupré B, Bui H, McAbee KL, Kassir JM, Scott IL, Hu X, Vanderslice P, Beck PJ, Dixon RA. Novel synthetic inhibitors of selectin-mediated cell adhesion: synthesis of 1,6-bis[3-(3-carboxymethylphenyl)-4-(2-alpha-D- mannopyranosyloxy)phenyl]hexane (TBC1269). J Med Chem 1998; 41:1099-111. [PMID: 9544210 DOI: 10.1021/jm9704917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reports of a high-affinity ligand for E-selectin, sialyl di-Lewis(x) (sLe(x)Le(x), 1), motivated us to incorporate modifications to previously reported biphenyl-based inhibitors that would provide additional interactions with the protein. These compounds were assayed for the ability to inhibit the binding of sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x), 2) bearing HL-60 cells to E-, P-, and L-selectin fusion proteins. We report that dimeric or trimeric compounds containing multiple components of simple nonoligosaccharide selectin antagonists inhibit sLe(x)-dependent binding with significantly enhanced potency over the monomeric compound. The enhanced potency is consistent with additional binding interactions within a single selectin lectin domain; however, multivalent interaction with multiple lectin domains as a possible alternative cannot be ruled out. Compound 15e (TBC1269) showed optimal in vitro activity from this class of antagonists and is currently under development for use in the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Kogan
- Department of Chemistry & Biophysics, Texas Biotechnology Corporation, Houston 77030, USA.
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278
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Quétard C, Bourgerie S, Normand-Sdiqui N, Mayer R, Strecker G, Midoux P, Roche AC, Monsigny M. Novel glycosynthons for glycoconjugate preparation: oligosaccharylpyroglutamylanilide derivatives. Bioconjug Chem 1998; 9:268-76. [PMID: 9548544 DOI: 10.1021/bc970122p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The reducing sugar of an oligosaccharide reacting with the alpha-amino group of an amino acid is converted to an N-oligosaccharylamino acid which can then be stabilized by N-acylation. Oligosaccharides in solution in N,N-dimethylformamide reacted with alpha-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide at 50 degrees C for a few hours, leading to an N-oligosaccharylglutamyl-p-nitroanilide. Then, the gamma-carboxylic group of the glutamyl moiety, activated by adding (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP), reacted with the substituted alpha-amino group of the glutamyl residue, leading to an N-oligosaccharylpyroglutamyl-p-nitroanilide within 0.5 h. Such a one-pot two-step reaction was shown to be very efficient in the case of a disaccharide such as lactose, or pentasaccharides such as lacto-N-fucopentaoses, Lewis(a) or Lewis(x). The glycosynthons were characterized by chromatography (HPAEC and HPLC); their molecular mass was determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and the glycosylamides were shown to have a beta-anomeric configuration on the basis of their proton NMR. The N-oligosaccharylpyroglutamyl-p-nitroanilides are quite stable at room temperature over a large pH range. They are easily converted to N-oligosaccharylpyroglutamyl-p-isothiocyanatoanilides which can be used to prepare glycoconjugates such as cationic glycosylated polylysines suitable for specifically delivering genes or oligonucleotides in a sugar-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Quétard
- Glycobiologie, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS and Université d'Orleans, France
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279
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Lynn
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Bernhard Mohr
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125
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280
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Yarema KJ, Bertozzi CR. Chemical approaches to glycobiology and emerging carbohydrate-based therapeutic agents. Curr Opin Chem Biol 1998; 2:49-61. [PMID: 9667919 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(98)80035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The contributions of cell surface oligosaccharides to critical biological processes such as leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, bacterial and viral infection, and immunological recognition of tumor cells and foreign tissue are now understood in significant molecular detail. These discoveries at the forefront of biological research have motivated the design of synthetic glycoconjugates as tools for the fundamental study of glycobiology and as candidates for future generations of therapeutic and pharmaceutical reagents. During the past two years, significant progress has been made in the design and synthesis of carbohydrate-based inhibitors of selectins, receptors involved in the attachment of leukocytes to endothelial cells at sites of inflammation. Monomeric and multivalent oligosaccharides that bind to bacterial and viral receptors have been shown to abrogate infection by agents such as Helicobacter pilori, influenza virus and HIV. The identification of certain cell surface oligosaccharides as potent antigens has prompted their use in tumor vaccines, and inspired new approaches to the management of tissue rejection subsequent to xenotransplantation. To better understand how cell surface oligosaccharides function within their native context, novel chemical approaches to modulating cell surface oligosaccharides structures are now being developed. These stratergies for cell surface 'glycoform remodeling' promise to facilitate the investigation of carbohydrate mediated cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Yarema
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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281
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Monsigny M, Quétard C, Bourgerie S, Delay D, Pichon C, Midoux P, Mayer R, Roche AC. Glycotargeting: the preparation of glyco-amino acids and derivatives from unprotected reducing sugars. Biochimie 1998; 80:99-108. [PMID: 9587667 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(98)80016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are present on the surface of many cells. Many lectins actively recycle from membrane to endosomes and efficiently take up glycoconjugates in a sugar-dependent manner. On this basis, glycoconjugates, specially those obtained by chemical means, are good candidates as carriers of drugs, oligonucleotides or genes. In this paper, we present a panel of methods suitable to transform unprotected reducing oligosaccharides into glycosynthons designed to be easily linked to therapeutic agents. All the glycosynthons presented here are glycosylamines or derivatives, mainly glyco-amino acids or glycopeptides. Glycosylamines are easy to obtain, but they are very labile in slightly acidic or neutral medium; they must be stabilized, by acylation for instance. The coupling efficiency of a reducing sugar with ammonia as well as an alkylamine or an arylamine is higher at high temperature, however, because of the Amadori rearrangement, special conditions have to be selected to prepare the expected glycosylamine derivative with a high yield. Glycosylamines are easily acylated by N-protected amino acids, or by halogeno acids which can then be transformed into amino acids. Alternatively, unprotected reducing oligosaccharides may very efficiently be transformed into N-glycosyl-amino acids and then protected by N-acylation. With a glutamyl derivative having both the alpha-amino and the gamma-carboxylic groups free, the coupling and the acylation, which is intramolecular, are roughly quantitative. N-oligosaccharyl-amino acid derivatives are interesting glycosynthons, because their sugar moiety bears the specificity towards membrane lectins while the amino acid part has the capacity to easily substitute a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monsigny
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Orléans, France
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282
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Liang R, Loebach J, Horan N, Ge M, Thompson C, Yan L, Kahne D. Polyvalent binding to carbohydrates immobilized on an insoluble resin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:10554-9. [PMID: 9380673 PMCID: PMC23398 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.20.10554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have established that polyvalency is a critical feature of cell surface carbohydrate recognition. Nevertheless, carbohydrate-protein interactions are typically evaluated by using assays that focus on the behavior of monovalent carbohydrate ligands in solution. It has generally been assumed that the relative affinities of monovalent carbohydrate ligands in solution correlate with their polyvalent avidities. In this paper we show that carbohydrate ligands synthesized directly on TentaGel beads interact with carbohydrate-binding proteins in a polyvalent manner. The carbohydrate-derivatized beads can, therefore, be used as model systems for cell surfaces to evaluate polyvalent carbohydrate-protein interactions. By using a combinatorial approach to synthesize solid-phase libraries of polyvalent carbohydrates, one can rapidly address key issues in the area of cell surface carbohydrate recognition. For example, studies reported herein demonstrate that there is an unanticipated degree of specificity in recognition processes involving polyvalent carbohydrates. However, the correlation between polyvalent avidities and solution affinities is poor. Apparently, the presentation of carbohydrates on the polymer surface has a profound influence on the interaction of the ligand with the protein receptor. These findings have implications for how carbohydrates function as recognition signals in nature, as well as for how polyvalent carbohydrate-protein interactions should be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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283
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Pagé D, Roy R. Synthesis and biological properties of mannosylated starburst poly(amidoamine) dendrimers. Bioconjug Chem 1997; 8:714-23. [PMID: 9327136 DOI: 10.1021/bc970126u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Starburst PAMAM dendrimers ending with mannopyranoside residues were readily synthesized in large scale and good yields from commercially available dendrimers bearing high-density amine functionality on their surface and p-isothiocyanatophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside. The first four generations of this novel class of monodispersed neoglycoconjugates having up to 32 mannoside units were evaluated as ligands for the phytohemagglutinins from concanavalin A (Con A) and Pisum sativum (pea lectin) using enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) and turbidimetric analyses. The binding properties of these glycodendrimers, together with reference monosaccharides, were determined using yeast mannan as a coating antigen and peroxidase-labeled lectins. These mannosylated dendrimers were demonstrated to be potent inhibitors with IC50 values 400 times better than those of monomeric methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside taken as a standard. Their lipophilic character was shown to be sufficient for their direct use as coating antigens in microtiter plate assays. Moreover, their ability to bind and form insoluble carbohydrate-lectin complexes was also demonstrated by radial double immunodiffusion and turbidimetric analyses. Furthermore, the ability of these ligands to selectively precipitate a mannose-binding protein (Con A) from a crude lectin mixture was also demonstrated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). These multivalent neoglycoconjugates were shown to constitute novel biochromatography materials of high affinity for the easy isolation of carbohydrate-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pagé
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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284
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Kobayashi K, Tawada E, Akaike T, Usui T. Artificial glycopolypeptide conjugates: simple synthesis of lactose- and N,N'-diacetylchitobiose-substituted poly(L-glutamic acid)s through N-beta-glycoside linkages and their interaction with lectins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1336:117-22. [PMID: 9305781 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(97)00018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(glutamic acid)s carrying lactose- and N,N'-diacetylchitobiose residues were synthesized via a simple two-step procedure. The oligosaccharides were treated with ammonium hydrogen carbonate and the resulting N-beta-glycosylamine was coupled with pendant carboxyl groups of poly(L-glutamic acid) in the presence of a mixture of benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) in dimethyl sulfoxide. The oligosaccharide incorporated as pendant N-glycosides was estimated by 1H-NMR spectroscopy to be 30 mol% (or 45 wt%) for lactose and 27 mol% (46 wt%) for chitobiose. The glycopolypeptide carrying N,N'-diacetyl-chitobiose inhibited hemagglutination activity of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) much more strongly (about 10(6) times) than N,N'-diacetylchitobiose itself. The high activity is due to the cluster or high density effect of the glycopolypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Japan.
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285
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James J. La Clair. Selective Detection of the Carbohydrate-Bound State of Concanvalin A at the Single Molecule Level. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja964366g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James J. La Clair
- Contribution from the Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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286
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Sutherlin DP, Armstrong RW. Synthesis of 12 Stereochemically and Structurally Diverse C-Trisaccharides. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9621534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Sutherlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Robert W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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287
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Hansen HC, Haataja S, Finne J, Magnusson G. Di-, Tri-, and Tetravalent Dendritic Galabiosides That Inhibit Hemagglutination byStreptococcus suisat Nanomolar Concentration. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja970859p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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288
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Synthesis and characterization of polyaspartic acid-carbohydrate conjugates: Multivalent sialyl lewis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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289
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Arya P, Dion S, Shimizu GK. Stereoselective synthesis of neo-C-glycopeptide building blocks: Towards a flexible and control-oriented design as probes for carbohydrate-protein interactions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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290
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McGarvey GJ, Wong CH. Chemical, Enzymatic and Structural Studies in Molecular Glycobiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199719970604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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291
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Choi SK, Mammen M, Whitesides GM. Generation and in Situ Evaluation of Libraries of Poly(acrylic acid) Presenting Sialosides as Side Chains as Polyvalent Inhibitors of Influenza-Mediated Hemagglutination. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja963519x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Ki Choi
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Mathai Mammen
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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292
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Manning DD, Hu X, Beck P, Kiessling LL. Synthesis of Sulfated Neoglycopolymers: Selective P-Selectin Inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja964046x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David D. Manning
- Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadison Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Texas Biotechnology Corporation 7000 Fannin Suite 1920, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadison Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Texas Biotechnology Corporation 7000 Fannin Suite 1920, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Pamela Beck
- Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadison Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Texas Biotechnology Corporation 7000 Fannin Suite 1920, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Laura L. Kiessling
- Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadison Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Texas Biotechnology Corporation 7000 Fannin Suite 1920, Houston, Texas 77030
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293
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Miyauchi H, Tanaka M, Koike H, Kawamura N, Hayashi M. Synthesis and inhibitory effect of a sialyl lewis X-acrylamide homopolymer at preventing cell adhesion. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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294
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Schuster MC, Mortell KH, Hegeman AD, Kiessling LL. Neoglycopolymers produced by aqueous ring-opening metathesis polymerization: decreasing saccharide density increases activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(96)00194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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295
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Abstract
Protein and lipid glycosylation is no longer considered as a topic whose appeal is restricted to a limited number of analytical experts perseveringly pursuing the comprehensive cataloguing of structural variants. It is in fact arousing curiosity in various areas of basic and applied bioscience. Well founded by the conspicuous coding potential of the sugar part of cellular glycoconjugates which surpasses the storage capacity of oligonucleotide- or oligopeptide-based code systems, recognition of distinct oligosaccharide ligands by endogenous receptors, i.e. lectins and sugar-binding enzymes or antibodies, is increasingly being discovered to play salient roles in animal physiology. Having inevitably started with a descriptive stage, research on animal lectins has now undubitably reached maturity. Besides listing the current categories for lectin classification and providing presentations of the individual families and their presently delineated physiological significance, this review places special emphasis on tracing common structural and functional themes which appear to reverberate in nominally separated lectin and animal categories as well as lines of research which may come to fruition for medical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemic, Tierärztliche Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
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296
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Liang R, Yan L, Loebach J, Ge M, Uozumi Y, Sekanina K, Horan N, Gildersleeve J, Thompson C, Smith A, Biswas K, Still WC, Kahne D. Parallel synthesis and screening of a solid phase carbohydrate library. Science 1996; 274:1520-2. [PMID: 8929411 DOI: 10.1126/science.274.5292.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A solid phase carbohydrate library was synthesized and screened against Bauhinia purpurea lectin. The library, which contains approximately 1300 di- and trisaccharides, was synthesized with chemical encoding on TentaGel resin so that each bead contained a single carbohydrate. Two ligands that bind more tightly to the lectin than Gal-beta-1,3-GalNAc (the known ligand) have been identified. The strategy outlined can be used to identify carbohydrate-based ligands for any receptor; however, because the derivatized beads mimic the polyvalent presentation of cell surface carbohydrates, the screen may prove especially valuable for discovering new compounds that bind to proteins participating in cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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297
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Sanders WJ, Katsumoto TR, Bertozzi CR, Rosen SD, Kiessling LL. L-selectin-carbohydrate interactions: relevant modifications of the Lewis x trisaccharide. Biochemistry 1996; 35:14862-7. [PMID: 8942649 DOI: 10.1021/bi9613640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein-carbohydrate interactions are known to mediate cell-cell recognition and adhesion events. Specifically, three carbohydrate binding proteins termed selectins (E-, P-, and L-selectin) have been shown to be essential for leukocyte rolling along the vascular endothelium, the first step in the recruitment of leukocytes from the blood into inflammatory sites or into secondary lymphoid organs. Although this phenomenon is well-established, little is known about the molecular-level interactions on which it depends. All three selectins recognize sulfated and sialylated derivatives of the Lewis x [Le(x):Gal beta 1-->4(Fuc alpha 1-->3)GlcNAc] and Lewis a [Le(a): Gal beta 1-->3(Fuc alpha 1-->4)GlcNAc] trisaccharide cores with affinities in the millimolar range, and it is believed that variants of these structures are the carbohydrate determinants of selectin recognition. Recently it was shown that the mucin GlyCAM-1, a secreted physiological ligand for L-selectin, is capped with sulfated derivatives of sialyl Lewis x [sLe(x): Sia alpha 2-->3Gal beta 1-->4(Fuc alpha 1-->3)GlcNAc] and that sulfation is required for the high-affinity interaction between GlyCAM-1 and L-selectin. To elucidate the important sites of sulfation on Le(x) with respect to L-selectin recognition, we have synthesized six sulfated Le(x) analogs and determined their abilities to block binding of a recombinant L-selectin-Ig chimera to immobilized GlyCAM-1. Our results suggest that 6-sulfo sLe(x) binds to L-selectin with higher affinity than does sLe(x) or 6'-sulfo sLe(x) and that sulfation of sLe(x) capping groups on GlyCAM-1 at the 6-position is important for L-selectin recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
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298
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Sutherlin DP, Stark TM, Hughes R, Armstrong RW. Generation of C-Glycoside Peptide Ligands for Cell Surface Carbohydrate Receptors Using a Four-Component Condensation on Solid Support. J Org Chem 1996; 61:8350-8354. [PMID: 11667836 DOI: 10.1021/jo960119j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Sutherlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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299
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Abstract
Classical multivalent neoglycoproteins have been widely used to study a great number of carbohydrate-protein interactions. The synthesis of other neoglycoconjugates with various shapes, valencies, and conformations has reached considerable levels of sophistication and holds promise as a new tool for glycobiology and biomedical applications. Within the last few years, advances have been made towards both the syntheses and understanding of the antigenic properties of water-soluble glycopolymers. Some of these glycopolymers are finding applications as inhibitors of microbial adhesins and as carriers for drug delivery to specific cells. Novel dendritic carbohydrate structures are emerging as potent ligands for carbohydrate-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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300
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