251
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Kavouras IG, Etyemezian V, Xu J, DuBois DW, Green M, Pitchford M. Assessment of the local windblown component of dust in the western United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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252
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McConnell JR, Aristarain AJ, Banta JR, Edwards PR, Simões JC. 20th-Century doubling in dust archived in an Antarctic Peninsula ice core parallels climate change and desertification in South America. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:5743-8. [PMID: 17389397 PMCID: PMC1851562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0607657104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustal dust in the atmosphere impacts Earth's radiative forcing directly by modifying the radiation budget and affecting cloud nucleation and optical properties, and indirectly through ocean fertilization, which alters carbon sequestration. Increased dust in the atmosphere has been linked to decreased global air temperature in past ice core studies of glacial to interglacial transitions. We present a continuous ice core record of aluminum deposition during recent centuries in the northern Antarctic Peninsula, the most rapidly warming region of the Southern Hemisphere; such a record has not been reported previously. This record shows that aluminosilicate dust deposition more than doubled during the 20th century, coincident with the approximately 1 degrees C Southern Hemisphere warming: a pattern in parallel with increasing air temperatures, decreasing relative humidity, and widespread desertification in Patagonia and northern Argentina. These results have far-reaching implications for understanding the forces driving dust generation and impacts of changing dust levels on climate both in the recent past and future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R McConnell
- Desert Research Institute, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV 89512, USA.
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253
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Todd MC, Washington R, Martins JV, Dubovik O, Lizcano G, M'Bainayel S, Engelstaedter S. Mineral dust emission from the Bodélé Depression, northern Chad, during BoDEx 2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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254
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Hu RM, Martin RV, Fairlie TD. Global retrieval of columnar aerosol single scattering albedo from space-based observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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255
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McKendry IG, Strawbridge KB, O'Neill NT, Macdonald AM, Liu PSK, Leaitch WR, Anlauf KG, Jaegle L, Fairlie TD, Westphal DL. Trans-Pacific transport of Saharan dust to western North America: A case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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256
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Feng Y, Penner JE. Global modeling of nitrate and ammonium: Interaction of aerosols and tropospheric chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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257
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258
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Zhang L, Vet R. A review of current knowledge concerning size-dependent aerosol removal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1672-2515(07)60276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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259
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Ginoux P, Horowitz LW, Ramaswamy V, Geogdzhayev IV, Holben BN, Stenchikov G, Tie X. Evaluation of aerosol distribution and optical depth in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled model CM2.1 for present climate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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260
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Horowitz LW. Past, present, and future concentrations of tropospheric ozone and aerosols: Methodology, ozone evaluation, and sensitivity to aerosol wet removal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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261
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Wong S, Colarco PR, Dessler AE. Principal component analysis of the evolution of the Saharan air layer and dust transport: Comparisons between a model simulation and MODIS and AIRS retrievals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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262
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Mahowald NM, Muhs DR, Levis S, Rasch PJ, Yoshioka M, Zender CS, Luo C. Change in atmospheric mineral aerosols in response to climate: Last glacial period, preindustrial, modern, and doubled carbon dioxide climates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel Levis
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Philip J. Rasch
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Masaru Yoshioka
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
- Institute for Computational Earth Systems Science; University of California; Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Charles S. Zender
- Department of Earth System Science; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Earth System Science; University of California; Irvine California USA
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263
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Miller RL, Cakmur RV, Perlwitz J, Geogdzhayev IV, Ginoux P, Koch D, Kohfeld KE, Prigent C, Ruedy R, Schmidt GA, Tegen I. Mineral dust aerosols in the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences ModelE atmospheric general circulation model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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264
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Liu X, Chance K, Sioris CE, Kurosu TP, Spurr RJD, Martin RV, Fu TM, Logan JA, Jacob DJ, Palmer PI, Newchurch MJ, Megretskaia IA, Chatfield RB. First directly retrieved global distribution of tropospheric column ozone from GOME: Comparison with the GEOS-CHEM model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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265
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Zhao TL, Gong SL, Zhang XY, Abdel-Mawgoud A, Shao YP. An assessment of dust emission schemes in modeling east Asian dust storms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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266
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Cakmur RV, Miller RL, Perlwitz J, Geogdzhayev IV, Ginoux P, Koch D, Kohfeld KE, Tegen I, Zender CS. Constraining the magnitude of the global dust cycle by minimizing the difference between a model and observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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267
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Palmer PI, Abbot DS, Fu TM, Jacob DJ, Chance K, Kurosu TP, Guenther A, Wiedinmyer C, Stanton JC, Pilling MJ, Pressley SN, Lamb B, Sumner AL. Quantifying the seasonal and interannual variability of North American isoprene emissions using satellite observations of the formaldehyde column. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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268
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Heald CL, Jacob DJ, Park RJ, Alexander B, Fairlie TD, Yantosca RM, Chu DA. Transpacific transport of Asian anthropogenic aerosols and its impact on surface air quality in the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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269
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Foret G, Bergametti G, Dulac F, Menut L. An optimized particle size bin scheme for modeling mineral dust aerosol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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270
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Washington R, Todd MC, Engelstaedter S, Mbainayel S, Mitchell F. Dust and the low-level circulation over the Bodélé Depression, Chad: Observations from BoDEx 2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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271
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Dayan U, Levy I. The Influence of Meteorological Conditions and Atmospheric Circulation Types on PM10 and Visibility in Tel Aviv. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1175/jam2232.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A 3-yr dataset (February 2000–November 2002) of 30-min averages for particulates, visibility, and meteorological data were analyzed to examine the dependence of particulate matter of less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10) mass concentrations and visibility in Tel Aviv, Israel, on seasonal meteorological conditions, synoptic weather patterns, and airmass history. The persistent nature of the summer synoptic weather pattern in the east Mediterranean (EM) region yielded the highest mean visibility (35 km) and lowest variability in PM10 concentrations, as compared with the higher variance for the other seasons, and spring in particular. The frequent passage of the “Sharav” cyclones during spring causes natural dust outbreaks with extreme values that result in a much higher PM10 annual mean (57 μg m−3) as compared with other larger cities. The history of the air mass dictating the physical and chemical properties of the particulate matter reaching Israel was assessed by back-trajectory analysis from predetermined transport sectors. The west and central European sectors, representing mostly the summer flow regime of European clean air masses that are advected over the Mediterranean, differ significantly in their reduced PM10 loading and high visual range from the Arabian Peninsula and North African sectors, originating from the surrounding deserts. Because the most frequent direction of air masses reaching the EM is from European origins, Tel Aviv experiences most of the time satisfying visibility conditions. Applying the definition “very good visibility” for visibility exceeding 19 km shows that about 90% of the time these conditions were met for this 3-yr period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Dayan
- Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ilan Levy
- Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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272
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Jickells TD, An ZS, Andersen KK, Baker AR, Bergametti G, Brooks N, Cao JJ, Boyd PW, Duce RA, Hunter KA, Kawahata H, Kubilay N, laRoche J, Liss PS, Mahowald N, Prospero JM, Ridgwell AJ, Tegen I, Torres R. Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate. Science 2005; 308:67-71. [PMID: 15802595 DOI: 10.1126/science.1105959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The environmental conditions of Earth, including the climate, are determined by physical, chemical, biological, and human interactions that transform and transport materials and energy. This is the "Earth system": a highly complex entity characterized by multiple nonlinear responses and thresholds, with linkages between disparate components. One important part of this system is the iron cycle, in which iron-containing soil dust is transported from land through the atmosphere to the oceans, affecting ocean biogeochemistry and hence having feedback effects on climate and dust production. Here we review the key components of this cycle, identifying critical uncertainties and priorities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Jickells
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR47TJ, UK
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273
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Kishcha P, Barnaba F, Gobbi GP, Alpert P, Shtivelman A, Krichak SO, Joseph JH. Vertical distribution of Saharan dust over Rome (Italy): Comparison between 3-year model predictions and lidar soundings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Kishcha
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - F. Barnaba
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, CNR; Rome Italy
| | - G. P. Gobbi
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, CNR; Rome Italy
| | - P. Alpert
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - A. Shtivelman
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - S. O. Krichak
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - J. H. Joseph
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
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274
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Liu X. Global modeling of aerosol dynamics: Model description, evaluation, and interactions between sulfate and nonsulfate aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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275
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Luo C, Mahowald NM, Meskhidze N, Chen Y, Siefert RL, Baker AR, Johansen AM. Estimation of iron solubility from observations and a global aerosol model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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276
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Liu H. A global view of aerosols from merged transport models, satellite, and ground observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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277
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Laskin A. Heterogeneous chemistry of individual mineral dust particles with nitric acid: A combined CCSEM/EDX, ESEM, and ICP-MS study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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278
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Prigent C. Estimation of the aerodynamic roughness length in arid and semi-arid regions over the globe with the ERS scatterometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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279
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Bauer SE. Impact of heterogeneous sulfate formation at mineral dust surfaces on aerosol loads and radiative forcing in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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280
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281
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Li Q. North American pollution outflow and the trapping of convectively lifted pollution by upper-level anticyclone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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282
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Okin GS. Dependence of wind erosion and dust emission on surface heterogeneity: Stochastic modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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283
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Qin X. Loess record of the aerodynamic environment in the east Asia monsoon area since 60,000 years before present. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jb003131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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284
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Laskin A, Iedema MJ, Ichkovich A, Graber ER, Taraniuk I, Rudich Y. Direct observation of completely processed calcium carbonate dust particles. Faraday Discuss 2005; 130:453-68; discussion 491-517, 519-24. [PMID: 16161798 DOI: 10.1039/b417366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study presents, for the first time, field evidence of complete, irreversible processing of solid calcium carbonate (calcite)-containing particles and quantitative formation of liquid calcium nitrate particles apparently as a result of heterogeneous reaction of calcium carbonate-containing mineral dust particles with gaseous nitric acid. Formation of nitrates from individual calcite and sea salt particles was followed as a function of time in aerosol samples collected at Shoresh, Israel. Morphology and compositional changes of individual particles were observed using conventional scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (SEM/EDX) and computer controlled SEM/EDX. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was utilized to determine and demonstrate the hygroscopic behavior of calcium nitrate particles found in some of the samples. Calcium nitrate particles are exceptionally hygroscopic and deliquesce even at very low relative humidity (RH) of 9-11% which is lower than typical atmospheric environments. Transformation of non-hygroscopic dry mineral dust particles into hygroscopic wet aerosol may have substantial impacts on light scattering properties, the ability to modify clouds and heterogeneous chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Laskin
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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285
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286
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Seisel S, Pashkova A, Lian Y, Zellner R. Water uptake on mineral dust and soot: A fundamental view of the hydrophilicity of atmospheric particles? Faraday Discuss 2005; 130:437-51; discussion 491-517, 519-24. [PMID: 16161797 DOI: 10.1039/b417449f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of water vapour with mineral dust and soot surfaces has been studied in the temperature range 203 K < T < 298 K using a Knudsen cell reactor. For the uptake of water on mineral dust an initial uptake coefficient of gamma(ini) = (6.3 +/- 0.7) x 10(-2) independent of temperature has been determined. In contrast the desorption rate has been found to be strongly temperature dependent with desorption rate constants decreasing from 1 x 10(-3) at 265 K to 1 x 10(-4) at 223 K. In addition, relatively high surface coverages have been determined from which an adsorption enthalpy of -40 kJ mol(-1) is inferred. For the uptake of water on soot the initial uptake coefficient has been found to be independent of temperature with a value of gamma(ini) = (4.7 +/- 0.2) x 10(-2), similar to the case of mineral dust. However, the corresponding desorption rate constants have been found to be three orders of magnitude larger than for mineral dust. Consistent with this finding, low surface coverages with an adsorption enthalpy of -27 kJ mol(-1) have been derived. A comparison of the uptake kinetics and adsorption enthalpies of water on mineral dust and soot leads to the conclusion that water is much stronger interacting with mineral dust than with soot. In terms of a hydrophilicity concept the results suggest, that mineral dust may be regarded as hydrophilic whereas soot is hydrophobic and that fundamental kinetic and thermochemical quantities may be related to that concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Seisel
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Duisburg-Essen, D-45141, Essen, Germany.
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287
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Zhang S, Penner JE, Torres O. Inverse modeling of biomass burning emissions using Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer aerosol index for 1997. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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288
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Kaufman YJ. Dust transport and deposition observed from the Terra-Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) spacecraft over the Atlantic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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289
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Jeong MJ. Quality, compatibility, and synergy analyses of global aerosol products derived from the advanced very high resolution radiometer and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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290
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Grini A. Model simulations of dust sources and transport in the global atmosphere: Effects of soil erodibility and wind speed variability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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291
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292
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293
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Ma G, Liu D, Allen HC. Piperidine adsorption on hydrated alpha-alumina (0001) surface studied by vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:11620-11629. [PMID: 15595791 DOI: 10.1021/la0487343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of piperidine vapor on the hydrated alumina (alpha-Al2O3, corundum) (0001) surface was investigated using vibrational broad bandwidth and scanning sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. The interfacial vibrational signature in the C-H stretching region of piperidine at the alumina (0001) surface is shown to be a sensitive spectroscopic probe revealing the adsorption mechanism. The neat piperidine surface, aqueous piperidine surface, and aqueous piperidium chloride surface were also investigated in the C-H stretching region by SFG to establish vibrational reference frequencies. After piperidine adsorption, piperidine vapor was removed and piperidine was found to be chemisorbed onto the alumina (0001) surface through protonation by surface hydroxyl groups. The O-H stretching region of the alumina surface before and after piperidine adsorption was also investigated, and the results revealed the decrease of the surface number density of alumina surface hydroxyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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294
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Wang J, Nair US, Christopher SA. GOES 8 aerosol optical thickness assimilation in a mesoscale model: Online integration of aerosol radiative effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Alabama in Huntsville; Huntsville Alabama USA
| | - U. S. Nair
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Alabama in Huntsville; Huntsville Alabama USA
| | - Sundar A. Christopher
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Alabama in Huntsville; Huntsville Alabama USA
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295
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Chin M, Chu A, Levy R, Remer L, Kaufman Y, Holben B, Eck T, Ginoux P, Gao Q. Aerosol distribution in the Northern Hemisphere during ACE-Asia: Results from global model, satellite observations, and Sun photometer measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mian Chin
- Laboratory for Atmospheres; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Allen Chu
- Laboratory for Atmospheres; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Robert Levy
- Laboratory for Atmospheres; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Science System and Applications, Inc.; Lanham Maryland USA
| | - Lorraine Remer
- Laboratory for Atmospheres; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Yoram Kaufman
- Laboratory for Atmospheres; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Brent Holben
- Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Tom Eck
- Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Paul Ginoux
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Qingxian Gao
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Science; Beijing China
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296
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Liu Y, Park RJ, Jacob DJ, Li Q, Kilaru V, Sarnat JA. Mapping annual mean ground-level PM2.5concentrations using Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol optical thickness over the contiguous United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Rokjin J. Park
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Qinbin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Vasu Kilaru
- National Exposure Research Laboratory; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
| | - Jeremy A. Sarnat
- Department of Environmental Health; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston Massachusetts USA
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297
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Rolett B, Diamond J. Environmental predictors of pre-European deforestation on Pacific islands. Nature 2004; 431:443-6. [PMID: 15386010 DOI: 10.1038/nature02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Some Pacific island societies, such as those of Easter Island and Mangareva, inadvertently contributed to their own collapse by causing massive deforestation. Others retained forest cover and survived. How can those fateful differences be explained? Although the answers undoubtedly involve both different cultural responses of peoples and different susceptibilities of environments, how can one determine which environmental factors predispose towards deforestation and which towards replacement of native trees with useful introduced tree species? Here we code European-contact conditions and nine environmental variables for 81 sites on 69 Pacific islands from Yap in the west to Easter in the east, and from Hawaii in the north to New Zealand in the south. We thereby detect statistical decreases in deforestation and/or forest replacement with island rainfall, elevation, area, volcanic ash fallout, Asian dust transport and makatea terrain (uplifted reef), and increases with latitude, age and isolation. Comparative analyses of deforestation therefore lend themselves to much more detailed interpretations than previously possible. These results might be relevant to similar deforestation-associated collapses (for example, Fertile Crescent, Maya and Anasazi) or the lack thereof (Japan and highland New Guinea) elsewhere in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Rolett
- Department of Anthropology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
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298
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Timmreck C, Schulz M. Significant dust simulation differences in nudged and climatological operation mode of the AGCM ECHAM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Timmreck
- Max-Planck Institut für Meteorologie; Hamburg Germany
| | - M. Schulz
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement; CEA/CNRS; Gif-sur-Yvette France
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299
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Miller RL, Tegen I, Perlwitz J. Surface radiative forcing by soil dust aerosols and the hydrologic cycle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Miller
- Department of Applied Physics; Columbia University; New York New York USA
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies; New York New York USA
| | - I. Tegen
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; Jena Germany
| | - Jan Perlwitz
- Department of Applied Physics; Columbia University; New York New York USA
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies; New York New York USA
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300
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Yu H, Dickinson RE, Chin M, Kaufman YJ, Zhou M, Zhou L, Tian Y, Dubovik O, Holben BN. Direct radiative effect of aerosols as determined from a combination of MODIS retrievals and GOCART simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Yu
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - R. E. Dickinson
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - M. Chin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Y. J. Kaufman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - M. Zhou
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - L. Zhou
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Y. Tian
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - O. Dubovik
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - B. N. Holben
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
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