251
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Cbx8 Acts Non-canonically with Wdr5 to Promote Mammary Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2016; 16:472-486. [PMID: 27346354 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin-mediated processes influence the development and progression of breast cancer. Using murine mammary carcinoma-derived tumorspheres as a functional readout for an aggressive breast cancer phenotype, we performed a loss-of-function screen targeting 60 epigenetic regulators. We identified the Polycomb protein Cbx8 as a key regulator of mammary carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, Cbx8 is overexpressed in human breast cancer and correlates with poor survival. Our genomic analyses revealed that Cbx8 positively regulates Notch signaling by maintaining H3K4me3 levels on Notch-network gene promoters. Ectopic expression of Notch1 partially rescues tumorsphere formation in Cbx8-depleted cells. We find that Cbx8 associates with non-PRC1 complexes containing the H3K4 methyltransferase complex component WDR5, which together regulate Notch gene expression. Thus, our study implicates a key non-canonical role for Cbx8 in promoting breast tumorigenesis.
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252
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Liu H, Mastriani E, Yan ZQ, Yin SY, Zeng Z, Wang H, Li QH, Liu HY, Wang X, Bao HX, Zhou YJ, Kou JJ, Li D, Li T, Liu J, Liu Y, Yin L, Qiu L, Gong L, Liu SL. SOX7 co-regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling with Axin-2: both expressed at low levels in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26136. [PMID: 27188720 PMCID: PMC4870566 DOI: 10.1038/srep26136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX7 as a tumor suppressor belongs to the SOX F gene subfamily and is associated with a variety of human cancers, including breast cancer, but the mechanisms involved are largely unclear. In the current study, we investigated the interactions between SOX7 and AXIN2 in their co-regulation on the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway, using clinical specimens and microarray gene expression data from the GEO database, for their roles in breast cancer. We compared the expression levels of SOX7 and other co-expressed genes in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and found that the expression of SOX7, SOX17 and SOX18 was all reduced significantly in the breast cancer tissues compared to normal controls. AXIN2 had the highest co-relativity with SOX7 in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Clinicopathological analysis demonstrated that the down-regulated SOX7 was significantly correlated with advanced stages and poorly differentiated breast cancers. Consistent with bioinformatics predictions, SOX7 was correlated positively with AXIN2 and negatively with β-catenin, suggesting that SOX7 and AXIN2 might play important roles as co-regulators through the Wnt-β-catenin pathway in the breast tissue to affect the carcinogenesis process. Our results also showed Smad7 as the target of SOX7 and AXIN2 in controlling breast cancer progression through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidi Liu
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,Collage of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Emilio Mastriani
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zi-Qiao Yan
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Si-Yuan Yin
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Qing-Hai Li
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hong-Yu Liu
- Pathology Department, The First Hospital of Qiqihaer City, Qiqihaer, 161006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hong-Xia Bao
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhou
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jun-Jie Kou
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,Collage of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,Collage of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ting Li
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,Collage of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jianrui Liu
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yongfang Liu
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,Collage of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lin Yin
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,Collage of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,Collage of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Liling Gong
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,Collage of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
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253
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Helicobacter pylori upregulates Nanog and Oct4 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote cancer stem cell-like properties in human gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 374:292-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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254
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Zhang M, Guo W, Qian J, Wang B. Negative regulation of CDC42 expression and cell cycle progression by miR-29a in breast cancer. Open Med (Wars) 2016; 11:78-82. [PMID: 28352771 PMCID: PMC5329802 DOI: 10.1515/med-2016-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The inhibitory role of microRNA-29a (miR-29a) has been assessed in breast cancer cells. Herein, we analyze the underlying mechanisms of its role in cell cycle progression in breast cancer cells. Methods We applied real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the expression of miR-29 in breast cancer cell lines. Then one of the cell lines, MDA-MB-453, was transfected with mimics of miR-29a. The cell cycle was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting after staining the cells with propidium iodide. Real-time PCR, luciferase assay and western blot were used together to verify the regulation of the predicted target, cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) by miR-29a. Results MiR-29s were decreased in our selected mammary cell lines, among which miR-29a was the dominant isoform. Overexpression of miR-29a caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. We further found that miR-29a could target the expression of CDC42, which is a small GTPase associated with cell cycle progression. Conclusion We suggest that miR-29a exerts its tumor suppressor role in breast cancer cells partially by arresting the cell cycle through negative regulation of CDC42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of AnHui Medical University, AnHui province, 230032 China
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of BengBu Medical College, AnHui province, 233000 China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of BengBu Medical College, AnHui province, 233000 China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of BengBu Medical College, AnHui province, 233000 China
| | - Benzhong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of AnHui Medical University, AnHui province, 230032 China
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255
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Rangel MC, Bertolette D, Castro NP, Klauzinska M, Cuttitta F, Salomon DS. Developmental signaling pathways regulating mammary stem cells and contributing to the etiology of triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 156:211-26. [PMID: 26968398 PMCID: PMC4819564 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has been considered as temporal and spatial aberrations of normal development in tissues. Similarities between mammary embryonic development and cell transformation suggest that the underlying processes required for mammary gland development are also those perturbed during various stages of mammary tumorigenesis and breast cancer (BC) development. The master regulators of embryonic development Cripto-1, Notch/CSL, and Wnt/β-catenin play key roles in modulating mammary gland morphogenesis and cell fate specification in the embryo through fetal mammary stem cells (fMaSC) and in the adult organism particularly within the adult mammary stem cells (aMaSC), which determine mammary progenitor cell lineages that generate the basal/myoepithelial and luminal compartments of the adult mammary gland. Together with recognized transcription factors and embryonic stem cell markers, these embryonic regulatory molecules can be inappropriately augmented during tumorigenesis to support the tumor-initiating cell (TIC)/cancer stem cell (CSC) compartment, and the effects of their deregulation may contribute for the etiology of BC, in particular the most aggressive subtype of BC, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This in depth review will present evidence of the involvement of Cripto-1, Notch/CSL, and Wnt/β-catenin in the normal mammary gland morphogenesis and tumorigenesis, from fMaSC/aMaSC regulation to TIC generation and maintenance in TNBC. Specific therapies for treating TNBC by targeting these embryonic pathways in TICs will be further discussed, providing new opportunities to destroy not only the bulk tumor, but also TICs that initiate and promote the metastatic spread and recurrence of this aggressive subtype of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Rangel
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-40B, 1050 Boyles Street, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Daniel Bertolette
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-40B, 1050 Boyles Street, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nadia P Castro
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-40B, 1050 Boyles Street, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Malgorzata Klauzinska
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-40B, 1050 Boyles Street, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Frank Cuttitta
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-40B, 1050 Boyles Street, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - David S Salomon
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-40B, 1050 Boyles Street, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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256
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Zhao T, Yang H, Tian Y, Xie Q, Lu Y, Wang Y, Su N, Dong B, Liu X, Wang C, Jiang C, Liu X. SOX7 is associated with the suppression of human glioma by HMG-box dependent regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:100-107. [PMID: 26944317 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SOX7 has been recently recognized as a tumor suppressor belonging to the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of a transcription factor. However, its role in human gliomas is unknown. Our study showed that SOX7 expression was significantly downregulated in human gliomas. Statistical analysis showed that SOX7 suppression was associated with higher histological grades of tumors in glioma tissues. SOX7 could suppress tumor properties both in vivo and in vitro, and depletion of the HMG domain abolishes its tumor suppressive roles. In vitro assays demonstrated that SOX7 could downregulate Wnt/β-catenin transcription and decrease the expression of Cyclin D1 and c-Myc, while the mutant SOX7 lost these functions. These results suggested that the HMG-box is a key domain of SOX7 for negatively regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway when functioning as a tumor suppressor in a glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shijiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baijing Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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257
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Jiang R, Niu X, Huang Y, Wang X. β-Catenin is important for cancer stem cell generation and tumorigenic activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:229-37. [PMID: 26849897 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with poor prognosis and recurrence in South China. The hard eradication of NPC in clinic is predominantly due to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Increasing evidence revealed that the aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin was positively correlated with the produce of CSCs. To further investigate the effect of β-catenin on CSCs and tumorigenesis in NPC, a CNE2 cell line (pLKO.1-sh-β-catenin-CNE2) with stably suppressed expression of β-catenin was used in this study. The expressions of biomarkers in CSCs including c-myc, Nanog, Oct3/4, Sox2, EpCAM as well as adhesion-related proteins like E-cadherin and vimentin were analyzed by western blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining. The proliferation and migration abilities were investigated by MTT assay and Transwell assay, respectively. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Finally, xenograft was performed to determine the effect of β-catenin on oncogenesis in vivo. Results showed that the expressions of c-myc, Nanog, Oct3/4, Sox2, and EpCAM were all decreased in pLKO.1-sh-β-catenin-CNE2 cells. It was also found that vimentin was downregulated, while E-cadherin was upregulated. Results of MTT and Transwell assays suggested that the proliferation and migration abilities were impaired by silencing of β-catenin, and more cells were arrested in G1 phase when compared with the control. In vivo study indicated that the tumor growth was markedly suppressed in experimental group. Based on current findings, β-catenin may function as an essential protein for the maintenance of migration and proliferation abilities of NPC cells, and a complicated network consisting of c-myc, Nanog, Oct3/4, Sox2, EpCAM, E-cadherin, vimentin, and β-catenin may be involved in the inherent regulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 2000031, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Niu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 2000031, China
| | - Yuxiang Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 2000031, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 2000031, China
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258
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Huang W, Liu Z, Zhou G, Ling J, Tian A, Sun N. Silencing Bag-1 gene via magnetic gold nanoparticle-delivered siRNA plasmid for colorectal cancer therapy in vivo and in vitro. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10365-74. [PMID: 26846101 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis disorder is generally regarded as an important mechanism of carcinogenesis. Inducement of tumor cell apoptosis can be an effectual way to treat cancer. Bcl-2-associated athanogene 1 (Bag-1) is a positive regulator of Bcl-2 which is an anti-apoptotic gene. Bag-1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer, which plays a critical role in promoting metastasis, poor prognosis, especially in anti-apoptotic function, and is perhaps a valuable gene target for colorectal cancer therapy. Recently, we applied a novel non-viral gene carrier, magnetic gold nanoparticle, and mediated plasmid pGPH1/GFP/Neo-Bag-1-homo-825 silencing Bag-1 gene for treating colorectal cancer in vivo and in vitro. By mediating with magnetic gold nanoparticle, siRNA plasmid was successfully transfected into cell. In 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, magnetic gold nanoparticle had no significant cytotoxicity and by which delivered RNA plasmid inhibited cell viability significantly (P < 0.05). Downregulation of Bag-1 promoted cell apoptosis (∼47.0 %) in vitro and significantly decreased tumor growth when the cells were injected into nude mice. Based on the studies in vivo, the relative expression of Bag-1 was 0.165 ± 0.072 at mRNA level and ∼60 % at protein level. In further study, C-myc and β-catenin, mainly molecules of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, were decreased notably when Bag-1 were silenced in nanoparticle plasmid complex-transfected Balb c/nude tumor xenograft. In conclusion, Bag-1 is confirmed an anti-apoptosis gene that functioned in colorectal cancer, and the mechanism of Bag-1 gene causing colorectal cancer may be related to Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway abnormality and suggested that magnetic gold nanoparticle-delivered siRNA plasmid silencing Bag-1 is an effective gene therapy method for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan'ao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanzhou Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Ling
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailing Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianfeng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China.
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259
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Huang W, Liu Z, Zhou G, Tian A, Sun N. Magnetic gold nanoparticle-mediated small interference RNA silencing Bag-1 gene for colon cancer therapy. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:978-84. [PMID: 26717967 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2-associated athanogene 1 (Bag-1) is a positive regulator of Bcl-2 which is an anti-apoptotic gene. Bag-1 was very slightly expressed in normal tissues, but often highly expressed in many tumor tissues, particularly in colon cancer, which can promote metastasis, poor prognosis and anti-apoptotic function of colon cancer. We prepared and evaluated magnetic gold nanoparticle/Bag-1 siRNA recombinant plasmid complex, a gene therapy system, which can transfect cells efficiently, for both therapeutic effect and safety in vitro mainly by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, flow cytometric analyses, cell viability assays, western blot analyses and RT-PCR (real-time) assays. Magnetic gold nanoparticle/Bag-1 siRNA recombinant plasmid complex was successfully transfected into LoVo colon cancer cells and the exogenous gene was expressed in the cells. Flow cytometric results showed apoptosis rate was significantly increased. In MTT assays, magnetic gold nanoparticles revealed lower cytotoxicity than Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagents (P<0.05). Both in western blot analyses and RT-PCR assays, magnetic gold nanoparticle/Bag-1 siRNA recombinant plasmid complex transfected cells demonstrated expression of Bag-1 mRNA (P<0.05) and protein (P<0.05) was decreased. In further study, c-myc and β-catenin which are main molecules of Wnt/β‑catenin pathway were decreased when Bag-1 were silenced in nanoparticle plasmid complex transfected LoVo cells. These results suggest that magnetic gold nanoparticle mediated siRNA silencing Bag-1 is an effective gene therapy method for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 200012, P.R. China
| | - Zhan'ao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 200012, P.R. China
| | - Guanzhou Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 200012, P.R. China
| | - Ailing Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 200012, P.R. China
| | - Nianfeng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 200012, P.R. China
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260
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Anti-spasmogenic effect of cyproheptadine on guinea-pig ileum. Cancers (Basel) 1984; 11:cancers11070965. [PMID: 31324052 PMCID: PMC6678244 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer that lacks targeted therapy options, and patients diagnosed with TNBC have poorer outcomes than patients with other breast cancer subtypes. Emerging evidence suggests that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which have tumor-initiating potential and possess self-renewal capacity, may be responsible for this poor outcome by promoting therapy resistance, metastasis, and recurrence. TNBC cells have been consistently reported to display cancer stem cell (CSC) signatures at functional, molecular, and transcriptional levels. In recent decades, CSC-targeting strategies have shown therapeutic effects on TNBC in multiple preclinical studies, and some of these strategies are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Therefore, understanding CSC biology in TNBC has the potential to guide the discovery of novel therapeutic agents in the future. In this review, we focus on the self-renewal signaling pathways (SRSPs) that are aberrantly activated in TNBC cells and discuss the specific signaling components that are involved in the tumor-initiating potential of TNBC cells. Additionally, we describe the molecular mechanisms shared by both TNBC cells and CSCs, including metabolic plasticity, which enables TNBC cells to switch between metabolic pathways according to substrate availability to meet the energetic and biosynthetic demands for rapid growth and survival under harsh conditions. We highlight CSCs as potential key regulators driving the aggressiveness of TNBC. Thus, the manipulation of CSCs in TNBC can be a targeted therapeutic strategy for TNBC in the future.
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261
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Crabtree JS, Miele L. [Modification of a micromethod for determining leukocyte migration inhibition and its significance in oncological patients]. Biomedicines 1981; 6:biomedicines6030077. [PMID: 30018256 PMCID: PMC6163894 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) have been implicated in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to therapy. The origins of BCSCs remain controversial due to tumor heterogeneity and the presence of such small side populations for study, but nonetheless, cell surface markers and their correlation with BCSC functionality continue to be identified. BCSCs are driven by persistent activation of developmental pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, Hippo, and Hedgehog and new treatment strategies that are aimed at these pathways are in preclinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy S Crabtree
- Department of Genetics and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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262
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Yousefnia S, Seyed Forootan F, Seyed Forootan S, Nasr Esfahani MH, Gure AO, Ghaedi K. Activated coagulation time in monitoring heparinized dogs. Am J Vet Res 1981; 10:452. [PMID: 32426267 PMCID: PMC7212408 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are the minor population of breast cancer (BC) cells that exhibit several phenotypes such as migration, invasion, self-renewal, and chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy resistance. Recently, BCSCs have been more considerable due to their capacity for recurrence of tumors after treatment. Recognition of signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in stemness phenotypes of BCSCs could be effective for discovering novel treatment strategies to target BCSCs. This review introduces BCSC markers, their roles in stemness phenotypes, and the dysregulated signaling pathways involved in BCSCs such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, PI3K/Akt/nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), TGF-β, hedgehog (Hh), Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and Hippo pathway. In addition, this review presents recently discovered molecular mechanisms implicated in chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance, migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis of BCSCs. Finally, we reviewed the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in BCSCs as well as several other therapeutic strategies such as herbal medicine, biological agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, nanoparticles, and microRNAs, which have been more considerable in the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Yousefnia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzad Seyed Forootan
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute of Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Farzad Seyed Forootan ;
| | - Shiva Seyed Forootan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute of Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Osmay Gure
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ali Osmay Gure
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute of Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
- Kamran Ghaedi ; ;
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Jatkar PR, Kreier JP. Pathogenesis of anaemia in anaplasma infection II--Auto-antibody and anaemia. BMC Cancer 1969; 18:219. [PMID: 29471794 PMCID: PMC5824537 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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