251
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Takigawa M, Masutomi H, Shimazaki Y, Arai T, Lee J, Ishii T, Mori Y, Ishigami A. Age-dependent changes in vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. J Toxicol Pathol 2018; 32:57-66. [PMID: 30739996 PMCID: PMC6361666 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM) is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is commonly used to eradicate methicillin-resistant gram-positive cocci, despite its nephrotoxic side effects. Elderly people are particularly susceptible to developing VCM-induced nephrotoxicity. However, the precise mechanism by which VCM induces nephrotoxicity in elderly people is not completely understood. Therefore, we investigated VCM-induced nephrotoxicity in mice of different ages. VCM was injected intraperitoneally into mice at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of age at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for 3 and 14 days. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, we examined plasma creatinine levels and histopathological alterations in the kidneys. VCM administration increased plasma creatinine levels, and these values gradually increased to higher levels with aging. The histological examination revealed renal tubular degeneration, such as brush-border atrophy, apoptosis/necrosis of the tubular epithelium, and epithelial desquamation, that gradually became more severe with aging. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD10 and anti-single-stranded DNA antibodies revealed damaged renal proximal tubules with marked dilatation, as well as numerous apoptotic cells, and these features increased in severity in 12- and 24-month-old mice receiving VCM. Based on these results, aged mice were highly susceptible to kidney damage induced by VCM administration. In addition, proximal tubular epithelial cells likely underwent apoptosis after the administration of VCM. This report is the first to document VCM-induced nephrotoxicity in mice of different ages. Thus, this mouse model could be useful for understanding the mechanisms of VCM-induced nephrotoxicity in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takigawa
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Masutomi
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Shimazaki
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Jaewon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Toshihiro Ishii
- Department of Practical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Mori
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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252
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Zhou Y, Gao F, Chen C, Ma L, Yang T, Liu X, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhao X, Que C, Li S, Lv J, Cui Y, Yang L. Development of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Vancomycin and its Application in Chinese Geriatric Patients with Pulmonary Infections. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 44:361-370. [PMID: 30506225 PMCID: PMC6520475 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The optimal use of vancomycin in the elderly requires information about the drug’s pharmacokinetics and the influence of various factors on the drug’s disposition. However, because of sampling restrictions, it is often difficult to perform traditional pharmacokinetic studies in elderly patients. Objective This study was conducted to estimate the population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in Chinese geriatric patients (age ≥ 65 years) with pulmonary infections and to explore the clinical application of this information for vancomycin dose individualization. Methods The steady-state trough concentrations were retrospectively collected from January 2011 to December 2016 and were analyzed using the nonlinear mixed-effect model software. The final model was evaluated using the bootstrap method, goodness-of-fit plots and the normalized prediction distribution error method. Main Outcome Measure Model parameters and prediction error. Results A total of 125 steady-state trough concentrations from 70 patients were retrospectively collected. A one-compartment model was established. The final model was depicted as clearance (CL) [L/h] = 2.45 × (CLCR/56.28) × 0.542; volume of distribution (Vd) [L] = 154. The creatinine clearance (CLCR) was identified as the most significant covariate in the final model. The typical values of CL and Vd in the final model were 2.45 L/h and 154 L, respectively. Model validation outcomes showed that the final model was stable and had satisfactory prediction performance. Conclusion A population pharmacokinetic model was established to estimate the pharmacokinetics characteristics of Chinese geriatric patients with pulmonary infections, and this model can be used to develop an initial vancomycin dosing regimen for geriatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No.6 Dahongluochang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No.6 Dahongluochang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yaou Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No.6 Dahongluochang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Chengli Que
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Dahongluochang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangling Li
- Intensive-Care Unit, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Dahongluochang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - JiCheng Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Dahongluochang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China. .,Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No.6 Dahongluochang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Dahongluochang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
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253
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Lopes A, Pereira C, Almeida A. Sequential Combined Effect of Phages and Antibiotics on the Inactivation of Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2018; 6:E125. [PMID: 30563133 PMCID: PMC6313441 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a global concern. The use of bacteriophages (or phages) alone or combined with antibiotics is consolidating itself as an alternative approach to inactivate antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, phage-resistant mutants have been considered as a major threat when phage treatment is employed. Escherichia coli is one of the main responsible pathogens for moderate and serious infections in hospital and community environments, being involved in the rapid evolution of fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined treatments of phages and antibiotics in the inactivation of E. coli. For this, ciprofloxacin at lethal and sublethal concentrations was added at different times (0, 6, 12 and 18 h) and was tested in combination with the phage ELY-1 to inactivate E. coli. The efficacy of the combined treatment varied with the antibiotic concentration and with the time of antibiotic addition. The combined treatment prevented bacterial regrowth when the antibiotic was used at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and added after 6 h of phage addition, causing less bacterial resistance than phage and antibiotic applied alone (4.0 × 10-7 for the combined treatment, 3.9 × 10-6 and 3.4 × 10-5 for the antibiotics and the phages alone, respectively). Combined treatment with phage and antibiotic can be effective in reducing the bacterial density and it can also prevent the emergence of resistant variants. However, the antibiotic concentration and the time of antibiotic application are essential factors that need to be considered in the combined treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lopes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carla Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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254
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Antonoplis A, Zang X, Huttner MA, Chong KKL, Lee YB, Co JY, Amieva MR, Kline KA, Wender PA, Cegelski L. A Dual-Function Antibiotic-Transporter Conjugate Exhibits Superior Activity in Sterilizing MRSA Biofilms and Killing Persister Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16140-16151. [PMID: 30388366 PMCID: PMC6430714 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New strategies are urgently needed to target MRSA, a major global health problem and the leading cause of mortality from antibiotic-resistant infections in many countries. Here, we report a general approach to this problem exemplified by the design and synthesis of a vancomycin-d-octaarginine conjugate (V-r8) and investigation of its efficacy in addressing antibiotic-insensitive bacterial populations. V-r8 eradicated MRSA biofilm and persister cells in vitro, outperforming vancomycin by orders of magnitude. It also eliminated 97% of biofilm-associated MRSA in a murine wound infection model and displayed no acute dermal toxicity. This new dual-function conjugate displays enhanced cellular accumulation and membrane perturbation as compared to vancomycin. Based on its rapid and potent activity against biofilm and persister cells, V-r8 is a promising agent against clinical MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Antonoplis
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Zang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Melanie A. Huttner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kelvin K. L. Chong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
- Nanyang Technological University Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553
| | - Yu B. Lee
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Julia Y. Co
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Manuel R. Amieva
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Kline
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lynette Cegelski
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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255
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Vieira C, Gomes ATPC, Mesquita MQ, Moura NMM, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, Almeida A. An Insight Into the Potentiation Effect of Potassium Iodide on aPDT Efficacy. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2665. [PMID: 30510542 PMCID: PMC6252324 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is gaining a special importance as an effective approach against multidrug-resistant strains responsible of fatal infections. The addition of potassium iodide (KI), a non-toxic salt, is recognized to increase the aPDT efficiency of some photosensitizers (PSs) on a broad-spectrum of microorganisms. As the reported cases only refer positive aPDT potentiation results, in this work we selected a broad range of porphyrinic and non-porphyrinic PSs in order to gain a more comprehensive knowledge about this aPDT potentiation by KI. For this evaluation were selected a series of meso-tetraarylporphyrins positively charged at meso positions or at β-pyrrolic positions and the non-porphyrinic dyes Methylene blue, Rose Bengal, Toluidine Blue O, Malachite Green and Crystal Violet; the assays were performed using a bioluminescent E. coli strain as a model. The results indicate that KI has also the ability to potentiate the aPDT process mediated by some of the cationic PSs [Tri-Py(+)-Me, Tetra-Py(+)-Me, Form, RB, MB, Mono-Py(+)-Me, β-ImiPhTPP, β-ImiPyTPP, and β-BrImiPyTPP] allowing a drastic reduction of the treatment time as well as of the PS concentration. However, the efficacy of some porphyrinic and non-porphyrinic PSs [Di-Py(+)-Me opp , Di-Py(+)-Me adj , Tetra-Py, TBO, CV, and MG] was not improved by the presence of the coadjuvant. For the PSs tested in this study, the ones capable to decompose the peroxyiodide into iodine (easily detectable by spectroscopy or by the visual appearance of a blue color in the presence of amylose) were the most promising ones to be used in combination with KI. Although these studies confirmed that the generation of 1O2 is an important fact in this process, the PS structure (charge number and charge position), aggregation behavior and affinity for the cell membrane are also important features to be taken in account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Vieira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Nuno M. M. Moura
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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256
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Abstract
The employment outlook for NPs is expected to continue its growth trend in the coming years. This article summarizes graduation and employment trends for nursing students and provides a synopsis of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics about the growing demand for NPs and nurses. A brief overview of the history of recent workforce trends is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Fitzgerald
- Adapted from Fitzgerald, M. Trends in NP and RN Enrollment, Graduation, and Practice. 2018(6):1-8, with permission from Fitzgerald Health Education Associates (fhea.com)
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257
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Analytical Quality by Design-based development and validation of ultra pressure liquid chromatography/MS/MS method for glycopeptide antibiotics determination in human plasma. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1861-1876. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: An ultra pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC)/MS/MS method for vancomycin and teicoplanin determination in human plasma was developed in accordance with analytical quality by design (AQbD) concept and fully validated. Materials & methods: Chromatographic separation was performed on ACQUITY UPLC C18 charge surface hybrid (CSH) column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm particle size) in gradient mode and the mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid in water and pure acetonitrile. The experimental design methodology was used for the definition of optimal chromatographic and protein precipitation conditions. Results: The linearity ranges were 0.05–10 μg ml-1 for vancomycin and 0.5–200 μg ml-1 for total teicoplanin. The relative standard deviations for precision estimation were below 15% and the accuracy was within 85–115% for all quality control levels. Conclusion: The method was utilized for glycopeptide antibiotics bioanalysis.
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258
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Hyslop JF, Lovelock SL, Sutton PW, Brown KK, Watson AJB, Roiban G. Biocatalytic Synthesis of Chiral N‐Functionalized Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13821-13824. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia F. Hyslop
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
- Advanced Manufacturing TechnologiesGlaxoSmithKlineMedicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Sarah L. Lovelock
- Advanced Manufacturing TechnologiesGlaxoSmithKlineMedicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
- Current address: Manchester Institute of BiotechnologySchool of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Peter W. Sutton
- API ChemistryGlaxoSmithKlineMedicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
- Current address: Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalunya Spain
| | - Kristin K. Brown
- Molecular Design, Computational and Modeling SciencesGlaxoSmithKline 1250 S. Collegeville Road Collegeville PA 19426 USA
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Gheorghe‐Doru Roiban
- Advanced Manufacturing TechnologiesGlaxoSmithKlineMedicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
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259
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Trichlorination of a Teicoplanin-Type Glycopeptide Antibiotic by the Halogenase StaI Evades Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01540-18. [PMID: 30275088 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01540-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) include clinically important drugs used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens. These antibiotics are specialized metabolites produced by several genera of actinomycete bacteria. While many GPAs are highly chemically modified, A47934 is a relatively unadorned GPA lacking sugar or acyl modifications, common to other members of the class, but which is chlorinated at three distinct sites. The biosynthesis of A47934 is encoded by a 68-kb gene cluster in Streptomyces toyocaensis NRRL 15009. The cluster includes all necessary genes for the synthesis of A47934, including two predicted halogenase genes, staI and staK In this study, we report that only one of the halogenase genes, staI, is necessary and essential for A47934 biosynthesis. Chlorination of the A47934 scaffold is important for antibiotic activity, as assessed by binding affinity for the target N-acyl-d-Ala-d-Ala. Surprisingly, chlorination is also vital to avoid activation of enterococcal and Streptomyces VanB-type GPA resistance through induction of resistance genes. Phenotypic assays showed stronger induction of GPA resistance by the dechlorinated compared to the chlorinated GPA. Correspondingly, the relative expression of the enterococcal vanA resistance gene was shown to be increased by the dechlorinated compared to the chlorinated compound. These results provide insight into the biosynthesis of GPAs and the biological function of GPA chlorination for this medically important class of antibiotic.
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260
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Multiple Low Frequency Ultrasound Enhances Bactericidal Activity of Vancomycin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6023101. [PMID: 30364019 PMCID: PMC6186328 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6023101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm infections are difficult to treat due to the high antimicrobial resistance of biofilm. Therefore, new treatments are needed for more effective bacteria clearance. This study was to investigate whether low frequency ultrasound (LFU) can enhance the activity of antimicrobial agents against MRSA biofilm infection. Broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin (VAN), linezolid (LIN), and levofloxacin (LEV) against three clinical isolated strains, including one methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strain and two MRSA strains. Effects of various influencing factors, such as antimicrobial agents, drug concentrations, ultrasonic intensity, and single (S-LFU, 5 or 15 min) or multiple ultrasound (M-LFU, 5 min every 8 h), on the inhibition of biofilms were investigated. The bactericidal effects of S-LFU or M-LFU on MRSA or MSSA biofilms were determined by colony counts. Right after ultrasound, synergistic effects were observed in groups of S-LFU combined with three antimicrobial agents against MSSA biofilm, but for MRSA biofilm, only S-LFU plus VAN had synergistic effect. At the time point of 24 h, M-LFU plus VAN treatment had synergistic bactericidal effect against MRSA and MSSA biofilms, and the synergy showed that VAN is concentration-dependent, but no synergistic effects were observed in all S-LFU combination groups. In conclusion, combination of M-LFU and antimicrobial agents had a better synergistic effect than S-LFU against MRSA or MSSA biofilm. LFU may be useful in treating biofilm infection in the future.
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261
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Hyslop JF, Lovelock SL, Sutton PW, Brown KK, Watson AJB, Roiban G. Biocatalytic Synthesis of Chiral N‐Functionalized Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia F. Hyslop
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
- Advanced Manufacturing TechnologiesGlaxoSmithKlineMedicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Sarah L. Lovelock
- Advanced Manufacturing TechnologiesGlaxoSmithKlineMedicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
- Current address: Manchester Institute of BiotechnologySchool of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Peter W. Sutton
- API ChemistryGlaxoSmithKlineMedicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
- Current address: Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalunya Spain
| | - Kristin K. Brown
- Molecular Design, Computational and Modeling SciencesGlaxoSmithKline 1250 S. Collegeville Road Collegeville PA 19426 USA
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Gheorghe‐Doru Roiban
- Advanced Manufacturing TechnologiesGlaxoSmithKlineMedicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
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262
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di Fonzo H, Villegas Gutsch M, Castroagudin A, Cabrera MV, Mazzei ME, Rueda D. Agranulocytosis Induced by Vancomycin. Case Report and Literature Review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2018; 19:1053-1056. [PMID: 30174327 PMCID: PMC6135043 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.909956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 38 Final Diagnosis: Agranulocytosis induced by Vancomycin Symptoms: Fever • pain Medication: Vancomycin Clinical Procedure: Antibiotic treatment Specialty: Hematology
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio di Fonzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martin", University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Villegas Gutsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martin", University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto Castroagudin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martin", University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Cabrera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martin", University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano E Mazzei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martin", University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío Rueda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martin", University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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263
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Miller LG. Another New Antibiotic for Skin Infections and Why Infectious Disease Specialists Are Hypocrites. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 68:1223-1224. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Loren G Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles
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264
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Abdalla MA, McGaw LJ. Natural Cyclic Peptides as an Attractive Modality for Therapeutics: A Mini Review. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082080. [PMID: 30127265 PMCID: PMC6222632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides are important biomolecules which facilitate the understanding of complex biological processes, which in turn could be serendipitous biological targets for future drugs. They are classified as a unique therapeutic niche and will play an important role as fascinating agents in the pharmaceutical landscape. Until now, more than 40 cyclic peptide drugs are currently in the market, and approximately one new cyclopeptide drug enters the market annually on average. Interestingly, the majority of clinically approved cyclic peptides are derived from natural sources, such as peptide antibiotics and human peptide hormones. In this report, the importance of cyclic peptides is discussed, and their role in drug discovery as interesting therapeutic biomolecules will be highlighted. Recently isolated naturally occurring cyclic peptides from microorganisms, sponges, and other sources with a wide range of pharmacological properties are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Ali Abdalla
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 13314, Sudan.
| | - Lyndy J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
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265
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Wan M, Walker SAN, Martin E, Elligsen M, Palmay L, Leis JA. The impact of vancomycin trough concentrations on outcomes in non-deep seated infections: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:47. [PMID: 30064515 PMCID: PMC6069851 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Guidelines recommending vancomycin trough concentrations > 10 mg/L in non-deep seated infections are based on expert opinion. The objective of this study was to evaluate patients with non-deep seated infections treated with short-course vancomycin to determine whether there were differences in outcomes with trough concentrations of ≤10 mg/L (low) versus > 10 mg/L (high). Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized between March 10, 2010 and December 31, 2015 who received ≤14 days of vancomycin to treat a non-deep seated infection and had at least one steady state trough concentration was completed. Patient data for the low versus high trough cohorts were compared using appropriate statistical tests and binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with clinical outcome. Results Of 2098 patients screened, 103 (5%) met inclusion criteria. Baseline characteristics between cohorts were not different. Clinical cure was not different between the low (42/48 [88%]) and high trough (48/55 [87%]) cohorts (p > 0.99) and vancomycin trough concentration was not associated with clinical outcome (p = 0.973). More patients in the high trough group had dosing changes (7/48 [15%] vs. 22/55 [40%], p = 0.0046), with approximately three times more dose adjustments per patient (0.17 vs. 0.55, p = 0.0193). No signal for increased vancomycin resistance associated with vancomycin troughs was identified. Conclusions: No difference in clinical or microbiological outcomes based on vancomycin trough concentrations were observed in patients with non-deep seated infections treated with vancomycin for ≤14 days. Targeting higher vancomycin trough concentrations of > 10 mg/L may be associated with increased workload with no corresponding benefit in clinical or microbiological outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Sandra A N Walker
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Elaine Martin
- Present address: Elaine Martin, Trillium Health Partners, 100 Queensway W, Mississauga, ON, L5B 1B8, Canada
| | - Marion Elligsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Lesley Palmay
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jerome A Leis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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266
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Fabri FV, Lolis MA, Gimenes M, Tognim MCB, Caparroz-Assef SM. Different formulations of vancomycin: In vitro antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 92:332-337. [PMID: 30033164 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We compared in vitro antimicrobial activity of four vancomycin formulations used clinically against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant and -susceptible (MRSA and MSSA, respectively), using different susceptibility assays. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against MRSA clinical isolates were significantly different for some vancomycin formulations by the broth microdilution and agar dilution methods. However, these variations would not compromise their clinical use, since the MICs were within the range recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Furthermore, 26.9% of MRSA clinical isolates showed a vancomycin MIC ≥1.5 μg/mL according to the Etest® method but none by broth microdilution. Regarding quality, all formulations were in accordance with United States Pharmacopeia criteria. Our results showed that all vancomycin formulations tested showed similar in vitro antimicrobial activity, making them suitable for clinical use, and that the evaluation method chosen to determine sensitivity to this antimicrobial should be carefully performed, particularly for MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Viana Fabri
- Post Graduate Program in Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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267
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Forneris CC, Seyedsayamdost MR. In Vitro Reconstitution of OxyC Activity Enables Total Chemoenzymatic Syntheses of Vancomycin Aglycone Variants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8048-8052. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad R. Seyedsayamdost
- Department of ChemistryPrinceton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
- Department of Molecular BiologyPrinceton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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268
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Forneris CC, Seyedsayamdost MR. In Vitro Reconstitution of OxyC Activity Enables Total Chemoenzymatic Syntheses of Vancomycin Aglycone Variants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad R. Seyedsayamdost
- Department of ChemistryPrinceton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
- Department of Molecular BiologyPrinceton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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269
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Fiorito TM, Luther MK, Dennehy PH, LaPlante KL, Matson KL. Nephrotoxicity With Vancomycin in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018; 37:654-661. [PMID: 29280786 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vancomycin is frequently used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in pediatric patients. Vancomycin exposure may lead to an increase in frequency of nephrotoxicity. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review to describe predictors of nephrotoxicity associated with vancomycin, including documented trough concentrations ≥15 mg/L. We also aimed to use a meta-analysis to assess the impact of a vancomycin trough ≥15 mg/L on nephrotoxicity. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Sciences database. We included randomized clinical trials and observational studies evaluating the relationship between vancomycin troughs and nephrotoxicity in pediatric-age patients. Studies not measuring troughs or defining a different cut-off point than 15 mg/L were excluded. Data on age, exclusion criteria, nephrotoxicity definition, risk factors for nephrotoxicity and vancomycin trough levels were extracted from selected papers. RESULTS Ten studies were identified for meta-analysis. All subjects had comparatively normal baseline serum creatinine values. Common risk factors identified included elevated (≥15 mg/L) trough levels, renal impairment, hypovolemia and concurrent use of nephrotoxic medications. Troughs ≥15 mg/L increased nephrotoxicity by 2.7-fold (odds ratio (OR), 2.71; 95% confidence interval: 1.82-4.05; I(2) = 40%; Q = 0.09). These odds were further increased among patients in the pediatric intensive care unit (OR, 3.61; 95% confidence interval: 1.21-10.74; I(2) = 45%; Q = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS Though the rate of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity is increased in pediatric patients with higher vancomycin troughs, other factors such as intensive care unit admission, hypovolemia and concurrent nephrotoxic drug use appear to contribute to the development of nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Fiorito
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Megan K Luther
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, Kingston, Rhode Island.,Infectious Diseases Research Program, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Penelope H Dennehy
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kerry L LaPlante
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, Kingston, Rhode Island.,Infectious Diseases Research Program, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kelly L Matson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, Kingston, Rhode Island
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270
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Beach JE, Perrott J, Turgeon RD, Ensom MHH. Penetration of Vancomycin into the Cerebrospinal Fluid: A Systematic Review. Clin Pharmacokinet 2018; 56:1479-1490. [PMID: 28528396 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-017-0548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infectious disease and pharmacokinetic textbooks indicate that vancomycin has poor penetration into the central nervous system due to its hydrophilic nature and high molecular weight. Recent literature suggests that penetration of vancomycin into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is higher than previously reported; therefore, we conducted a systematic review to assess the penetration of vancomycin into CSF. METHODS We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL electronic databases for English-language human studies evaluating serum and CSF concentrations of intravenous vancomycin. RESULTS In 13 identified studies, the CSF-to-serum ratio of vancomycin varied from 0.00 to 0.81. CSF penetration ranged 0.06-0.81 in patients with meningitis, 0.05-0.17 in ventriculitis, 0.00-0.36 in other infections, and 0-0.13 in patients without infection. Despite variable CSF penetration, 83% of patients with meningitis and 100% of patients with ventriculitis achieved clinical cure. No factor predicted vancomycin CSF penetration. CONCLUSION Contrary to prior belief, studies included in our review did not show universally low penetration of vancomycin into CSF. CSF vancomycin levels were variable and did not predict clinical cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Beach
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Jerrold Perrott
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Vancouver General Hospital, 899 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Ricky D Turgeon
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), University of Alberta, 2C2 WMC, 8440-112 St NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Mary H H Ensom
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, 4480 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
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271
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Guitor AK, Wright GD. Antimicrobial Resistance and Respiratory Infections. Chest 2018; 154:1202-1212. [PMID: 29959904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their introduction into health care and clinical practice in the early 20th century, antibiotics have revolutionized medicine. Alarmingly, these drugs are increasingly threatened by bacteria that have developed a broad diversity of resistance mechanisms. Antibiotic resistance can be transferred between bacteria, often on mobile genetic elements; be acquired from the environment; or arise through mutation because of selective pressures of the drugs themselves. There are various strategies to resistance, including active efflux of the drug from the bacterial cell, reduced permeability of the cell envelope, alteration of the drug's target within the bacterial cell, and modification or destruction of the antibiotic. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis frequently are implicated in respiratory infections, often manifesting with reduced susceptibility to multiple classes of antibiotics. Some mechanisms of resistance, such as the β-lactamases that confer resistance to penicillins and related drugs, have been well characterized and are widespread in clinical isolates. Other newly identified determinants, including the colistin resistance gene mcr-1, are spreading rapidly worldwide and threaten last-resort treatments of multidrug-resistant organisms. Various approaches to detecting antibiotic resistance provide surveys of the determinants that are available for transfer into pathogenic bacteria. Together with molecular characterization of newly identified mechanisms, this surveillance can target drug discovery efforts and increase antibiotic stewardship. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in respiratory pathogens combined with rapid diagnostics ultimately will reduce treatment failure due to inappropriate antibiotic use and prevent further spread of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Guitor
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gerard D Wright
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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272
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Falcone M, Tiseo G, Iraci F, Raponi G, Goldoni P, Delle Rose D, Santino I, Carfagna P, Murri R, Fantoni M, Fontana C, Sanguinetti M, Farcomeni A, Antonelli G, Aceti A, Mastroianni C, Andreoni M, Cauda R, Petrosillo N, Venditti M. Risk factors for recurrence in patients with Clostridium difficile infection due to 027 and non-027 ribotypes. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:474-480. [PMID: 29964230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to evaluate factors associated with recurrence in patients with 027+ and 027- Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). METHODS Patients with CDI observed between January and December 2014 in six hospitals were consecutively included in the study. The 027 ribotype was deduced by the presence of tcdB, tcdB, cdt genes and the deletion Δ117 in tcdC (Xpert® C. difficile/Epi). Recurrence was defined as a positive laboratory test result for C. difficile more than 14 days but within 8 weeks after the initial diagnosis date with reappearance of symptoms. To identify factors associated with recurrence in 027+ and 027- CDI, a multivariate analysis was performed in each patient group. Subdistributional hazard ratios (sHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Overall, 238 patients with 027+ CDI and 267 with 027- CDI were analysed. On multivariate analysis metronidazole monotherapy (sHR 2.380, 95%CI 1.549-3.60, p <0.001) and immunosuppressive treatment (sHR 3.116, 95%CI 1.906-5.090, p <0.001) were factors associated with recurrence in patients with 027+ CDI. In this patient group, metronidazole monotherapy was independently associated with recurrence in both mild/moderate (sHR 1.894, 95%CI 1.051-3.410, p 0.033) and severe CDI (sHR 2.476, 95%CI 1.281-4.790, p 0.007). Conversely, non-severe disease (sHR 3.704, 95%CI 1.437-9.524, p 0.007) and absence of chronic renal failure (sHR 16.129, 95%CI 2.155-125.000, p 0.007) were associated with recurrence in 027- CDI. CONCLUSIONS Compared to vancomycin, metronidazole monotherapy appears less effective in curing CDI without relapse in the 027+ patient group, independently of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Falcone
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Rome, Italy.
| | - G Tiseo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Iraci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Raponi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P Goldoni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Delle Rose
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - I Santino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P Carfagna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni, Rome, Italy
| | - R Murri
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Fantoni
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Fontana
- Microbiology Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M Sanguinetti
- Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Farcomeni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Aceti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Andreoni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - R Cauda
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - N Petrosillo
- Clinical and Research Department for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - M Venditti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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273
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Nguyen L, Breen M, Yamaki J, Cadalin G, Lumintaintang L, Shah N. Assessing Vancomycin Dosing Per Pharmacy in Elderly Patients Over the Age of 74 Years. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PHARMACY PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.37901/jcphp17-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin has a complex pharmacokinetic profile and carries potential risks for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. The pharmacokinetic profile in elderly patients significantly differs from that of younger patients. It is common practice in many institutions for pharmacists to intentionally round serum creatinine levels to 1 mg/dl in elderly patients with levels <1 mg/dl to avoid overestimating clearance and toxicities. This can potentially lead to underestimation of creatinine clearance, and subsequently lead to vancomycin under dosing. The aim of this study was to evaluate vancomycin target trough attainment and the time to trough attainment with vancomycin dosing per pharmacy in elderly patients.
Methods
In this retrospective study, patients 75 years and older who received vancomycin at our institution were evaluated. Subjects were included in the study if they were at least 75 years of age, received intravenous vancomycin therapy, and had a vancomycin trough drawn after the third dose. The study patients were divided into three serum creatinine groups; <0.8 mg/dl (LSCr), 0.8–0.9 mg/dl (MSCr), and ≥1 mg/dl (HSCr). Patients were excluded from the study if they did not meet inclusion criteria, had no trough levels drawn, or were <75 years of age.
Results
Two hundred and four patients 75 years or older were included in the study. The target trough attainment was highest in the HSCr group (n = 37, 80%), which was significantly higher than the LSCr (n=21, 31%; p<0.0001) and MSCr (n=42, 46%; p<0.0001) groups. The time to target trough goals (days, mean ± SD) differed between the three groups, with the LSCr group taking the longest duration: LSCr: 5.14 ± 2.5; MSCr: 3.74 ± 1.1; HSCr: 3.78 ± 1.6, p=0.005.
Conclusion
Adjustments need to be done to improve vancomycin dosing per pharmacy in patients 75 years of age and older. This study shows that LSCr patients (<0.8 mg/dl) had the lowest rates of target trough level attainment. Intentionally rounding serum creatinine to 1 mg/dl if values are less when estimating renal function in this older patient population may not be predictive of true renal function and can decrease the likelihood of target attainment or increase time to target attainment.
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274
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Abstract
![]()
Glycopeptide
antibiotics (GPAs) are a key weapon in the fight against drug resistant
bacteria, with vancomycin still a mainstream therapy against serious
Gram-positive infections more than 50 years after it was first introduced.
New, more potent semisynthetic derivatives that have entered the clinic,
such as dalbavancin and oritavancin, have superior pharmacokinetic
and target engagement profiles that enable successful treatment of
vancomycin-resistant infections. In the face of resistance development,
with multidrug resistant (MDR) S. pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) together causing 20-fold more infections than all MDR Gram-negative
infections combined, further improvements are desirable to ensure
the Gram-positive armamentarium is adequately maintained for future
generations. A range of modified glycopeptides has been generated
in the past decade via total syntheses, semisynthetic modifications
of natural products, or biological engineering. Several of these
have undergone extensive characterization with demonstrated in vivo efficacy, good PK/PD profiles, and no reported preclinical
toxicity; some may be suitable for formal preclinical development.
The natural product monobactam, cephalosporin, and β-lactam
antibiotics all spawned multiple generations of commercially and clinically
successful semisynthetic derivatives. Similarly, next-generation glycopeptides
are now technically well positioned to advance to the clinic, if sufficient
funding and market support returns to antibiotic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. T. Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Karl A. Hansford
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mark S. Butler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - ZhiGuang Jia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alan E. Mark
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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275
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Abulfathi AA, Chirehwa M, Rosenkranz B, Decloedt EH. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Dose Individualization to Achieve Therapeutic Vancomycin Concentrations. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 58:1134-1139. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Abulfathi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Stellenbosch; South Africa
| | - Maxwell Chirehwa
- Biostatistics Unit; Centre for Evidence Based Health Care (CEHBC); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Stellenbosch; South Africa
| | - Bernd Rosenkranz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Stellenbosch; South Africa
| | - Eric H. Decloedt
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Stellenbosch; South Africa
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276
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Zhao P, Xue Y, Gao W, Li J, Zu X, Fu D, Feng S, Bai X, Zuo Y, Li P. Actinobacteria-Derived peptide antibiotics since 2000. Peptides 2018; 103:48-59. [PMID: 29567053 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Actinobacteria, including Streptomyces spp., Kutzneria sp. Actinoplanes spp., Actinomycete sp., Nocardia sp., Brevibacteriumsp.,Actinomadura spp., Micromonospora sp., Amycolatopsis spp., Nonomuraea spp., Nocardiopsis spp., Marinactinospora sp., Rhodococcus sp., Lentzea sp., Actinokineospora sp., Planomonospora sp., Streptomonospora sp., and Microbacterium sp., are an important source of structurally diverse classes of short peptides of ∼30 residues or fewer that will likely play an important role in new antibiotic development and discovery. Additionally, many have unique structures that make them recalcitrant to traditional modes of drug resistance via novel mechanisms, and these are ideal therapeutic tools and potential alternatives to current antibiotics. The need for novel antibiotic is urgent, and this review summarizes 199 Actinobacteria compounds published since 2000, including 35 cyclic lipopeptides containing piperazic or pipecolic acids, eight aromatic peptides, five glycopeptides, 21 bicyclic peptides, 44 other cyclic lipopeptides, five linear lipopeptides, six 2,5-diketopiperazines, one dimeric peptide, four nucleosidyl peptides, two thioamide-containing peptides, 25 thiopeptides, nine lasso peptides, and 34 typical cyclic peptides. The current and potential therapeutic applications of these peptides, including their structure, antituberculotic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-brugia, anti-plasmodial, and anti-trypanosomal activities, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Zhao
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yun Xue
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Weina Gao
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xiangyang Zu
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Dongliao Fu
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Shuxiao Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xuefei Bai
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yanjun Zuo
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
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Singh VA, Sim LH, Haseeb A, Ju CTS. Ceftaroline fosamil laden allograft: A new modality in reducing infection? J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2018; 26:2309499018806671. [PMID: 30343651 DOI: 10.1177/2309499018806671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Allograft infection remains the greatest challenge in orthopaedic reconstructive surgery especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This risk can be minimized with the use of antibiotic laden allograft (ALA) via iontophoresis. Ceftaroline fosamil (CF) is an advanced-generation cephalosporin, an alternative treatment for MRSA infections. Its antibacterial activity and safety profile are better than vancomycin. CF iontophoresed bone has not been used before. This study was conducted to establish the feasibility of creating a CF ALA and establish the prime conditions for its expenditure. METHOD We created an iontophoresis cell; 3% CF was inserted within medullary segment of goat bone and sealed from external saline solution. The cell operated at the following voltages 30, 60 and 90 V and at the following durations 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min. Information regarding optimal conditions for its application was then obtained. After which, correlation between voltages and time with CF concentration in the bone was analysed. A bioavailability test was also conducted to observe the optimal rate of CF elution from the graft. RESULT The optimal condition for the impregnation process is 3% CF at 90 V for 10 min. Bone graft impregnated with CF at optimal conditions can elute above minimum inhibitory concentration of the CF against MRSA for 21 days. CONCLUSION CF iontophoresis was found feasible for allograft impregnation. The technique is simple, inexpensive and reproducible clinically. Iontophoresis offers a novel solution to reduce the rate of perioperative infection in reconstructive surgery involving use of bone graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Ajit Singh
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lim Han Sim
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amber Haseeb
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cindy Teh Shuan Ju
- 2 Department of Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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278
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Yamazaki H, Yagi A, Akaishi M, Kirikoshi R, Takahashi O, Abe T, Chiba S, Takahashi K, Iwakura N, Namikoshi M, Uchida R. Halogenated cladosporols produced by the sodium halide-supplemented fermentation of the plant-associated fungus Cladosporium sp. TMPU1621. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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279
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Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Vancomycin Used in Open Heart Surgery: Model-Based Evaluation of Standard Dosing Regimens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00088-18. [PMID: 29686154 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00088-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients undergoing open heart surgery. In this observational pharmacokinetic study, multiple blood samples were drawn over a 48-h period of intravenous vancomycin in patients who were undergoing open heart surgery. Blood samples were analyzed using an Architect i4000SR immunoassay analyzer. Population pharmacokinetic models were developed using Monolix 4.4 software. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) simulations were performed to explore the ability of different dosage regimens to achieve the pharmacodynamic targets. A total of 168 blood samples were analyzed from 28 patients. The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin are best described by a two-compartment model with between-subject variability in clearance (CL), the volume of distribution of the central compartment (V1), and volume of distribution of the peripheral compartment (V2). The CL and the V1 of vancomycin were related to creatinine CL (CLCR), body weight, and albumin concentration. Dosing simulations showed that standard dosing regimens of 1 and 1.5 g failed to achieve the PK-PD target of AUC0-24/MIC > 400 for an MIC of 1 mg/liter, while high weight-based dosing regimens were able to achieve the PK-PD target. In summary, the administration of standard doses of 1 and 1.5 g of vancomycin two times daily provided inadequate antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing open heart surgery. The same findings were obtained when 15- and 20-mg/kg doses of vancomycin were administered. Achieving the PK-PD target required higher doses (25 and 30 mg/kg) of vancomycin.
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280
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Lima TDM, Seba KS, Gonçalves JCS, Cardoso FLL, Estrela RDCE. A Rapid and Simple HPLC Method for Therapeutic Monitoring of Vancomycin. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:115-121. [PMID: 29069326 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic monitoring of the antibiotic vancomycin is important to achieve specific plasma concentration and prevent toxic effects. Several assays have been described for vancomycin determination in clinical practice, but high-performance liquid chromatography is still considered the gold standard for the quantification of vancomycin. In this study, we developed a new and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method requiring 50 μL of plasma for the quantification of vancomycin. Acetonitrile was used for processing plasma by protein precipitation (1:2.5). Isocratic chromatographic analysis was carried out on a C18 silica-based (2.7 μm) column with the mobile phase containing 20 mM ammonium acetate/formic acid buffer (pH 4.0):methanol 88:12 (v/v). A diode array detector was used for UV detection at 240 nm. This method was validated according to the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency legislation and International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The measurement range was 1-100 μg/mL, analysis time was 8 min, and intermediate precision was <12%, supporting the present method as a fast, simple, and effective alternative for therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tácio de Mendonça Lima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580 - Cidade Universitária São Paulo- SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Karine Souza Seba
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, R. Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480 - Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, CEP 21041-210, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Saraiva Gonçalves
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, CEP 21941-170, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luiz Lopes Cardoso
- Hospital Infection Control Team, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, R. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, CEP 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Elias Estrela
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, CEP 21941-170, Brazil.,Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, CEP 21040-360, Brazil, Brazil
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281
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The Relationship Between Vancomycin Trough Concentrations and AUC/MIC Ratios in Pediatric Patients: A Qualitative Systematic Review. Paediatr Drugs 2018; 20:153-164. [PMID: 29344778 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-018-0282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adults, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) divided by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is associated with better clinical and bacteriological response to vancomycin in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus who achieve target AUC/MIC ≥ 400. This target is often extrapolated to pediatric patients despite the lack of similar evidence. The impracticalities of calculating the AUC in practice means vancomycin trough concentrations are used to predict the AUC/MIC. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to determine the relationship between vancomycin trough concentrations and AUC/MIC in pediatric patients. METHODS We searched the MEDLINE and Embase databases, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials using the medical subject heading (MeSH) terms vancomycin and AUC and pediatric* or paediatric*. Articles were included if they were published in English and reported a relationship between vancomycin trough concentrations and AUC/MIC. RESULTS Of 122 articles retrieved, 11 met the inclusion criteria. One trial reported a relationship between vancomycin trough concentrations, AUC/MIC, and clinical outcomes but was likely underpowered. Five studies found troughs 6-10 mg/l were sufficient to attain an AUC/MIC > 400 in most general hospitalized pediatric patients. One study in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery found a trough of 18.4 mg/l achieved an AUC/MIC > 400. Two oncology studies reported troughs ≥ 15 mg/l likely attained an AUC/MIC ≥ 400. In critical care patients: one study found a trough of 9 mg/l did not attain the AUC/MIC target; another found 7 mg/l corresponded to an AUC/MIC of 400. CONCLUSIONS Potential vancomycin targets varied based on the population studied but, for general hospitalized pediatric patients, troughs of 6-10 mg/l are likely sufficient to achieve AUC/MIC ≥ 400. For MIC ≥ 2 mg/l, higher troughs are likely necessary to achieve an AUC/MIC ≥ 400. More research is needed to determine the relationships between vancomycin trough concentrations, AUC/MIC, and clinical outcomes.
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282
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Phillips-Jones MK, Harding SE. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) nanomachines-mechanisms for fluoroquinolone and glycopeptide recognition, efflux and/or deactivation. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:347-362. [PMID: 29525835 PMCID: PMC5899746 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss mechanisms of resistance identified in bacterial agents Staphylococcus aureus and the enterococci towards two priority classes of antibiotics-the fluoroquinolones and the glycopeptides. Members of both classes interact with a number of components in the cells of these bacteria, so the cellular targets are also considered. Fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms include efflux pumps (MepA, NorA, NorB, NorC, MdeA, LmrS or SdrM in S. aureus and EfmA or EfrAB in the enterococci) for removal of fluoroquinolone from the intracellular environment of bacterial cells and/or protection of the gyrase and topoisomerase IV target sites in Enterococcus faecalis by Qnr-like proteins. Expression of efflux systems is regulated by GntR-like (S. aureus NorG), MarR-like (MgrA, MepR) regulators or a two-component signal transduction system (TCS) (S. aureus ArlSR). Resistance to the glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin occurs via efflux regulated by the TcaR regulator in S. aureus. Resistance to vancomycin occurs through modification of the D-Ala-D-Ala target in the cell wall peptidoglycan and removal of high affinity precursors, or by target protection via cell wall thickening. Of the six Van resistance types (VanA-E, VanG), the VanA resistance type is considered in this review, including its regulation by the VanSR TCS. We describe the recent application of biophysical approaches such as the hydrodynamic technique of analytical ultracentrifugation and circular dichroism spectroscopy to identify the possible molecular effector of the VanS receptor that activates expression of the Van resistance genes; both approaches demonstrated that vancomycin interacts with VanS, suggesting that vancomycin itself (or vancomycin with an accessory factor) may be an effector of vancomycin resistance. With 16 and 19 proteins or protein complexes involved in fluoroquinolone and glycopeptide resistances, respectively, and the complexities of bacterial sensing mechanisms that trigger and regulate a wide variety of possible resistance mechanisms, we propose that these antimicrobial resistance mechanisms might be considered complex 'nanomachines' that drive survival of bacterial cells in antibiotic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Phillips-Jones
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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283
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Néphrotoxicité de la vancomycine : fréquence et mécanismes. Nephrol Ther 2018; 14 Suppl 1:S133-S138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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284
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Sawada A, Kawanishi K, Morikawa S, Nakano T, Kodama M, Mitobe M, Taneda S, Koike J, Ohara M, Nagashima Y, Nitta K, Mochizuki T. Biopsy-proven vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury: a case report and literature review. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:72. [PMID: 29587650 PMCID: PMC5872390 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-0845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vancomycin is the first-line antibiotic for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative strains. The risk of vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury increases with plasma vancomycin levels. Vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury is histologically characterized by acute interstitial nephritis and/or acute tubular necrosis. However, only 12 biopsy-proven cases of vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury have been reported so far, as renal biopsy is rarely performed for such cases. Current recommendations for the prevention or treatment of vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury are drug monitoring of plasma vancomycin levels using trough level and drug withdrawal. Oral prednisone and high-flux haemodialysis have led to the successful recovery of renal function in some biopsy-proven cases. Case presentation We present the case of a 41-year-old man with type 1 diabetes mellitus, who developed vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury during treatment for Fournier gangrene. His serum creatinine level increased to 1020.1 μmol/L from a baseline of 79.6 μmol/L, and his plasma trough level of vancomycin peaked at 80.48 μg/mL. Vancomycin discontinuation and frequent haemodialysis with high-flux membrane were immediately performed following diagnosis. Renal biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis and focal acute interstitial nephritis, mainly in the medullary rays (medullary ray injury). There was no sign of glomerulonephritis, but mild diabetic changes were detected. He was discharged without continuing haemodialysis (serum creatinine level, 145.0 μmol/L) 49 days after initial vancomycin administration. Conclusions This case suggests that frequent haemodialysis and renal biopsy could be useful for the treatment and assessment of vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury, particularly in high-risk cases or patients with other renal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anri Sawada
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan. .,Department of Medicine Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kunio Kawanishi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Shohei Morikawa
- Department of Nephrology, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakano
- Department of Medicine Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mio Kodama
- Department of Medicine Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitihiro Mitobe
- Department of Nephrology, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sekiko Taneda
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Junki Koike
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mamiko Ohara
- Department of Nephrology, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nitta
- Department of Medicine Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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285
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Potentiation effects by usnic acid in combination with antibiotics on clinical multi-drug resistant isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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286
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Kochanski RB, Nazari P, Sani S. The Utility of Vancomycin Powder in Reducing Surgical Site Infections in Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2018; 15:584-588. [DOI: 10.1093/ons/opx293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The impact of vancomycin powder on reducing postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) in spine surgery has been studied extensively and is considered standard of care at many institutions. More recently, vancomycin powder has been shown to reduce SSI in cranial neurosurgery; however, limited studies have been performed assessing its impact in reducing SSIs in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the use of vancomycin powder as an adjunct to the current antibiotic prophylaxis regimen in DBS surgery in a large cohort of patients.
METHODS
All patients undergoing DBS-lead implantation surgery and chest generator placement or exchange were analyzed prior to and after the implementation of intrawound vancomycin powder, and the impact on infection rate and any complications were subsequently examined.
RESULTS
From 2015 to 2017, a total of 419 consecutive patients (159 in the pretreatment group, 260 in the post-treatment group) were included in the study. The rate of SSI prior to implementation of intrawound vancomycin was 3.1% (n = 5), which was reduced to 0.38% (n = 1) in the post-treatment group. No complications were noted as a direct result of using vancomycin powder.
CONCLUSION
Given its relatively low cost and side effect profile, the use of vancomycin powder may be an effective adjunct in reducing the rate of SSI in DBS surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B Kochanski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush Uni-versity Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pouya Nazari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush Uni-versity Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sepehr Sani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush Uni-versity Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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287
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Peyko V, Friedman-Jakubovics M. Novel approach to vancomycin level monitoring: Impact of a multidisciplinary monitoring system on timing of vancomycin levels. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2018; 75:121-126. [DOI: 10.2146/ajhp160760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Peyko
- Department of Pharmacy, Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
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288
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Abstract
As an antibiotic that prevents and treats infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin incorporated in a biodegradable polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) provides opportunities to construct controlled-release drug delivery systems. Developments associated with this promising system have been largely concentrated on areas of drug delivery kinetics and biodegradability. In order to provide surface analytical approaches to this important system, the authors demonstrate applicability of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) in three-dimensional molecular imaging for a model system consisting of alternating layers of ploy(lactide-co-glycolide) and vancomycin. TOF-SIMS imaging clarified that the two chemicals can undergo phase separation when dimethyl sulfoxide is used as the solvent. The authors identified two diagnostic ions that are abundant and structural moieties of vancomycin. The results on TOF-SIMS imaging and depth profiling vancomycin provide useful information for further applications of TOF-SIMS in the development of antibiotic drug delivery systems involving the use of vancomycin.
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289
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Ó Muimhneacháin E, Reen FJ, O'Gara F, McGlacken GP. Analogues ofPseudomonas aeruginosasignalling molecules to tackle infections. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:169-179. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02395b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance coupled with the lack of investment by pharmaceutical companies necessitates a new look at how we tackle bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Ó Muimhneacháin
- School of Chemistry and Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
- University College Cork
- College Road
- Cork
- Ireland
| | - F. Jerry Reen
- School of Microbiology
- University College Cork
- Ireland
- BIOMERIT Research Centre
- School of Microbiology
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- BIOMERIT Research Centre
- School of Microbiology
- University College Cork
- Ireland
- School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Gerard P. McGlacken
- School of Chemistry and Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
- University College Cork
- College Road
- Cork
- Ireland
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290
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Alihodžić S, Bukvić M, Elenkov IJ, Hutinec A, Koštrun S, Pešić D, Saxty G, Tomašković L, Žiher D. Current Trends in Macrocyclic Drug Discovery and beyond -Ro5. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 57:113-233. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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291
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Mallela AN, Abdullah KG, Brandon C, Richardson AG, Lucas TH. Topical Vancomycin Reduces Surgical-Site Infections After Craniotomy: A Prospective, Controlled Study. Neurosurgery 2017; 83:761-767. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Surgical-site infections (SSIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neurosurgical patients. Topical antibiotics are one potential method to reduce the incidence of these infections.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the efficacy of topical vancomycin applied within the wound during craniotomy in a large prospective cohort study at a major academic center.
METHODS
Three hundred fifty-five patients were studied prospectively in this cohort study; 205 patients received 1 g of topical vancomycin powder in the subgaleal space while 150 matched control patients did not. Patients otherwise received identical care. The primary outcome variable was SSI rate factored by cohort. Secondary analysis examined cost savings from vancomycin usage estimated from hospital costs associated with SSI in craniotomy patients.
RESULTS
The addition of topical vancomycin was associated with a significantly lower rate of SSI than standard of care alone (0.49% [1/205] vs 6% [9/150], P = .002). Based on the costs of revision surgery for infections, topical vancomycin usage was estimated to save $1367 446 per 1000 craniotomy patients. No adverse reactions occurred.
CONCLUSION
Topical vancomycin is a safe, effective, and cost-saving measure to prevent SSIs following craniotomy. These results have broad implications for standard of care in craniotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arka N Mallela
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kalil G Abdullah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cameron Brandon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew G Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy H Lucas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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292
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A Strategy for Dosing Vancomycin to Therapeutic Targets Using Only Trough Concentrations. Clin Pharmacokinet 2017; 56:263-272. [PMID: 27389404 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-016-0435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment of complicated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections with vancomycin requires a 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC24) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio of at least 400. To ensure goal AUC24 has been reached requires either dosing to concentrations strongly associated with nephrotoxicity, measurement of patient-specific pharmacokinetics, or use of Bayesian statistics. In this study, we show a method of determining patient-specific pharmacokinetics and dosing to therapeutic AUC24 while minimizing potentially toxic concentrations, guided by only trough measurements. A Monte-Carlo simulation of 10,000 patients with complicated MRSA infections was prepared from two-compartment pharmacokinetic parameters using patient data extracted from the literature. The proposed method of determining patient-specific pharmacokinetics using consecutive trough concentrations was found to be more accurate than the conventional peak-trough method for peaks measured up to 4 h after infusion. Simulated human error in trough timing was found to reduce accuracy of the consecutive trough method, but an approach to resolve timing errors during a loading sequence or at steady-state using iteration is proposed. Both the simulated minimized concentration strategy and trough-based dosing to 15-20 mg/L had a high probability of achieving AUC24 at least 400 mg·h/L, but conventional trough-based dosing was associated with higher probability of potentially toxic 24-h doses and trough concentrations. The proposed strategy must be validated in real patients, with outcomes assessed before it is used in daily practice, but the theoretical benefits found in the simulation suggest this simple strategy should be considered with other AUC24-based approaches.
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293
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Dhusia K, Bajpai A, Ramteke PW. Overcoming antibiotic resistance: Is siderophore Trojan horse conjugation an answer to evolving resistance in microbial pathogens? J Control Release 2017; 269:63-87. [PMID: 29129658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Comparative study of siderophore biosynthesis pathway in pathogens provides potential targets for antibiotics and host drug delivery as a part of computationally feasible microbial therapy. Iron acquisition using siderophore models is an essential and well established model in all microorganisms and microbial infections a known to cause great havoc to both plant and animal. Rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial as well as fungal pathogens has drawn us at a verge where one has to get rid of the traditional way of obstructing pathogen using single or multiple antibiotic/chemical inhibitors or drugs. 'Trojan horse' strategy is an answer to this imperative call where antibiotic are by far sneaked into the pathogenic cell via the siderophore receptors at cell and outer membrane. This antibiotic once gets inside, generates a 'black hole' scenario within the opportunistic pathogens via iron scarcity. For pathogens whose siderophore are not compatible to smuggle drug due to their complex conformation and stiff valence bonds, there is another approach. By means of the siderophore biosynthesis pathways, potential targets for inhibition of these siderophores in pathogenic bacteria could be achieved and thus control pathogenic virulence. Method to design artificial exogenous siderophores for pathogens that would compete and succeed the battle of intake is also covered with this review. These manipulated siderophore would enter pathogenic cell like any other siderophore but will not disperse iron due to which iron inadequacy and hence pathogens control be accomplished. The aim of this review is to offer strategies to overcome the microbial infections/pathogens using siderophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Dhusia
- Deptartment of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Allahabad-211007 (U.P.), India
| | - Archana Bajpai
- Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - P W Ramteke
- Deptartment of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Allahabad-211007 (U.P.), India
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Kaweewan I, Komaki H, Hemmi H, Kodani S. Isolation and Structure Determination of New Antibacterial Peptide Curacomycin Based on Genome Mining. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Issara Kaweewan
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology; Shizuoka University; 836 Ohya Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Hisayuki Komaki
- Biological Resource Center; National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NBRC); 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari Kisarazu Chiba 292-0818 Japan
| | - Hikaru Hemmi
- Food Research Institute; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO); 2-1-12 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8642 Japan
| | - Shinya Kodani
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology; Shizuoka University; 836 Ohya Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
- Academic Institute; Shizuoka University; 836 Ohya Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
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295
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Abstract
Natural products have served as powerful therapeutics against pathogenic bacteria since the golden age of antibiotics of the mid-20th century. However, the increasing frequency of antibiotic-resistant infections clearly demonstrates that new antibiotics are critical for modern medicine. Because combinatorial approaches have not yielded effective drugs, we propose that the development of new antibiotics around proven natural scaffolds is the best short-term solution to the rising crisis of antibiotic resistance. We analyze herein synthetic approaches aiming to reengineer natural products into potent antibiotics. Furthermore, we discuss approaches in modulating quorum sensing and biofilm formation as a nonlethal method, as well as narrow-spectrum pathogen-specific antibiotics, which are of interest given new insights into the implications of disrupting the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E. Rossiter
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Madison H. Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - William M. Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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296
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Phillips-Jones MK, Lithgo R, Dinu V, Gillis RB, Harding JE, Adams GG, Harding SE. Full hydrodynamic reversibility of the weak dimerization of vancomycin and elucidation of its interaction with VanS monomers at clinical concentration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12697. [PMID: 28983082 PMCID: PMC5629194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reversibility and strength of the previously established dimerization of the important glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin in four different aqueous solvents (including a medically-used formulation) have been studied using short-column sedimentation equilibrium in the analytical ultracentrifuge and model-independent SEDFIT-MSTAR analysis across a range of loading concentrations. The change in the weight average molar mass M w with loading concentration was consistent with a monomer-dimer equilibrium. Overlap of data sets of point weight average molar masses M w(r) versus local concentration c(r) for different loading concentrations demonstrated a completely reversible equilibrium process. At the clinical infusion concentration of 5 mg.mL-1 all glycopeptide is dimerized whilst at 19 µg.mL-1 (a clinical target trough serum concentration), vancomycin was mainly monomeric (<20% dimerized). Analysis of the variation of M w with loading concentration revealed dissociation constants in the range 25-75 μM, commensurate with a relatively weak association. The effect of two-fold vancomycin (19 µg.mL-1) appears to have no effect on the monomeric enterococcal VanS kinase involved in glycopeptide resistance regulation. Therefore, the 30% increase in sedimentation coefficient of VanS on adding vancomycin observed previously is more likely to be due to a ligand-induced conformational change of VanS to a more compact form rather than a ligand-induced dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Phillips-Jones
- AMR Biophysics Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom.
| | - Ryan Lithgo
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Vlad Dinu
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B Gillis
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, United Kingdom
| | - John E Harding
- Department of Architecture and the Built Environment, The University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Gary G Adams
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
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297
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Webb HE, Angulo FJ, Granier SA, Scott HM, Loneragan GH. Illustrative examples of probable transfer of resistance determinants from food animals to humans: Streptothricins, glycopeptides, and colistin. F1000Res 2017; 6:1805. [PMID: 29188021 PMCID: PMC5686510 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12777.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Use, overuse, and misuse of antimicrobials contributes to selection and dissemination of bacterial resistance determinants that may be transferred to humans and constitute a global public health concern. Because of the continued emergence and expansion of antimicrobial resistance, combined with the lack of novel antimicrobial agents, efforts are underway to preserve the efficacy of current available life-saving antimicrobials in humans. As a result, uses of medically important antimicrobials in food animal production have generated debate and led to calls to reduce both antimicrobial use and the need for use. This manuscript, commissioned by the World Health Organization (WHO) to help inform the development of the WHO guidelines on the use of medically important antimicrobials in food animals, includes three illustrations of antimicrobial use in food animal production that has contributed to the selection-and subsequent transfer-of resistance determinants from food animals to humans. Herein, antimicrobial use and the epidemiology of bacterial resistance are described for streptothricins, glycopeptides, and colistin. Taken together, these historical and current narratives reinforce the need for actions that will preserve the efficacy of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hattie E. Webb
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Frederick J. Angulo
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Sophie A. Granier
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Anses, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, F-94701, France
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guy H. Loneragan
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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298
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Peng H, Hu Q, Shang W, Yuan J, Zhang X, Liu H, Zheng Y, Hu Z, Yang Y, Tan L, Li S, Hu X, Li M, Rao X. WalK(S221P), a naturally occurring mutation, confers vancomycin resistance in VISA strain XN108. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:1006-1013. [PMID: 27999059 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) strains have spread globally. We previously isolated an ST239 VISA (XN108) with a vancomycin MIC of 12 mg/L. The mechanism for XN108 resistance to vancomycin was investigated in this study. Methods Genome comparison was performed to characterize mutations that might contribute to the XN108 resistance phenotype. The novel mutation WalK(S221P) was identified and investigated using allelic replacement experiments. Vancomycin susceptibilities, autolytic activities and morphologies of the strains were examined. Autophosphorylation activities of WalK and the WalK(S221P) mutant were determined in vitro with [λ- 32 P]ATP, and binding activity of WalK(S221P)-activated WalR to the promoter region of its target gene lytM was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Results Genome comparison revealed three mutations, GraS(T136I), RpoB(H481N) and WalK(S221P), which might be responsible for vancomycin resistance in XN108. The introduction of WalK(S221P) to the vancomycin-susceptible strain N315 increased its vancomycin MIC from 1.5 to 8 mg/L, whereas the allelic replacement of WalK(S221P) with the native N315 WalK allele in XN108 decreased its vancomycin MIC from 12 to 4 mg/L. The VISA strains have thickened cell walls and decreased autolysis, consistent with observed changes in the expression of genes involved in cell wall metabolism and virulence regulation. WalK(S221P) exhibited reduced autophosphorylation, which may lead to reduced phosphorylation of WalR. WalK(S221P)-phosphorylated WalR also exhibited a reduced capacity to bind to the lytM promoter. Conclusions The naturally occurring WalK(S221P) mutation plays a key role in vancomycin resistance in XN108.
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299
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Gos FMWR, Savi DC, Shaaban KA, Thorson JS, Aluizio R, Possiede YM, Rohr J, Glienke C. Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Actinomycetes Isolated from the Medicinal Plant Vochysia divergens (Pantanal, Brazil). Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1642. [PMID: 28932210 PMCID: PMC5592219 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic actinomycetes from medicinal plants produce a wide diversity of secondary metabolites (SM). However, to date, the knowledge about endophytes from Brazil remains scarce. Thus, we analyzed the antimicrobial potential of 10 actinomycetes isolated from the medicinal plant Vochysia divergens located in the Pantanal sul-mato-grossense, an unexplored wetland in Brazil. Strains were classified as belonging to the Aeromicrobium, Actinomadura, Microbacterium, Microbispora, Micrococcus, Sphaerisporangium, Streptomyces, and Williamsia genera, through morphological and 16S rRNA phylogenetic analyzes. A susceptibility analysis demonstrated that the strains were largely resistant to the antibiotics oxacillin and nalidixic acid. Additionally, different culture media (SG and R5A), and temperatures (28 and 36°C) were evaluated to select the best culture conditions to produce the active SM. All conditions were analyzed for active metabolites, and the best antibacterial activity was observed from metabolites produced with SG medium at 36°C. The LGMB491 (close related to Aeromicrobium ponti) extract showed the highest activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with a MIC of 0.04 mg/mL, and it was selected for SM identification. Strain LGMB491 produced 1-acetyl-β-carboline (1), indole-3-carbaldehyde (2), 3-(hydroxyacetyl)-indole (4), brevianamide F (5), and cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) (6) as major compounds with antibacterial activity. In this study, we add to the knowledge about the endophytic community from the medicinal plant V. divergens and report the isolation of rare actinomycetes that produce highly active metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daiani C. Savi
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
| | - Khaled A. Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States
| | - Rodrigo Aluizio
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
| | - Yvelise M. Possiede
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulCampo Grande, Brazil
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
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300
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Scaffold composed of porous vancomycin-loaded poly(lactide- co -glycolide) microspheres: A controlled-release drug delivery system with shape-memory effect. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:1172-1178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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