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Kaneda F, Kwiat PG. High-efficiency single-photon generation via large-scale active time multiplexing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw8586. [PMID: 31620555 PMCID: PMC6777972 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw8586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic generation of single- and multiphoton states is a key requirement for large-scale optical quantum information and communication applications. While heralded single-photon sources (HSPSs) using nonlinear optical processes have enabled proof-of-principle demonstrations in this area of research, they are not scalable as their probabilistic nature severely limits their generation efficiency. We overcome this limitation by demonstrating a substantial improvement in HSPS efficiency via large-scale time multiplexing. Using an ultra-low loss, adjustable optical delay to multiplex 40 conventional HSPS photon generation processes into each operation cycle, we have observed a factor of 9.7(5) enhancement in efficiency, yielding a 66.7(24)% probability of collecting a single photon with high indistinguishability (90%) into a single-mode fiber per cycle. We also experimentally investigate the trade-off between a high single-photon probability and unwanted multiphoton emission. Upgrading our time-multiplexed source with state-of-the-art HSPS and single-photon detector technologies will enable the generation of >30 coincident photons with unprecedented efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Kaneda
- Corresponding author. (F.K.); (P.G.K.)
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252
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Orre VV, Goldschmidt EA, Deshpande A, Gorshkov AV, Tamma V, Hafezi M, Mittal S. Interference of Temporally Distinguishable Photons Using Frequency-Resolved Detection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:123603. [PMID: 31633982 PMCID: PMC8489807 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate quantum interference of three photons that are distinguishable in time by resolving them in the conjugate parameter frequency. We show that the multiphoton interference pattern in our setup can be manipulated by tuning the relative delays between the photons, without the need for reconfiguring the optical network. Furthermore, we observe that the symmetries of our optical network and the spectral amplitude of the input photons are manifested in the interference pattern. We also demonstrate time-reversed Hong-Ou-Mandel-like interference in the spectral correlations using time-bin entangled photon pairs. By adding a time-varying dispersion using a phase modulator, our setup can be used to realize dynamically reconfigurable and scalable boson sampling in the time domain as well as frequency-resolved multiboson correlation sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Vikram Orre
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and IREAP, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Goldschmidt
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
| | - Abhinav Deshpande
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alexey V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Vincenzo Tamma
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Hafezi
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and IREAP, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Sunil Mittal
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and IREAP, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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253
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Taballione C, Wolterink TAW, Lugani J, Eckstein A, Bell BA, Grootjans R, Visscher I, Geskus D, Roeloffzen CGH, Renema JJ, Walmsley IA, Pinkse PWH, Boller KJ. 8×8 reconfigurable quantum photonic processor based on silicon nitride waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:26842-26857. [PMID: 31674557 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.026842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of large-scale optical quantum information processing circuits ground on the stability and reconfigurability enabled by integrated photonics. We demonstrate a reconfigurable 8×8 integrated linear optical network based on silicon nitride waveguides for quantum information processing. Our processor implements a novel optical architecture enabling any arbitrary linear transformation and constitutes the largest programmable circuit reported so far on this platform. We validate a variety of photonic quantum information processing primitives, in the form of Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, bosonic coalescence/anti-coalescence and high-dimensional single-photon quantum gates. We achieve fidelities that clearly demonstrate the promising future for large-scale photonic quantum information processing using low-loss silicon nitride.
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254
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Restuccia S, Toroš M, Gibson GM, Ulbricht H, Faccio D, Padgett MJ. Photon Bunching in a Rotating Reference Frame. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:110401. [PMID: 31573252 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.110401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although quantum physics is well understood in inertial reference frames (flat spacetime), a current challenge is the search for experimental evidence of nontrivial or unexpected behavior of quantum systems in noninertial frames. Here, we present a novel test of quantum mechanics in a noninertial reference frame: we consider Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference on a rotating platform and study the effect of uniform rotation on the distinguishability of the photons. Both theory and experiments show that the rotational motion induces a relative delay in the photon arrival times at the exit beam splitter and that this delay is observed as a shift in the position of the HOM dip. This experiment can be extended to a full general relativistic test of quantum physics using satellites in Earth's orbit and indicates a new route toward the use of photonic technologies for investigating quantum mechanics at the interface with relativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Restuccia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Marko Toroš
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Graham M Gibson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik Ulbricht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Faccio
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Miles J Padgett
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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255
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Deng YH, Wang H, Ding X, Duan ZC, Qin J, Chen MC, He Y, He YM, Li JP, Li YH, Peng LC, Matekole ES, Byrnes T, Schneider C, Kamp M, Wang DW, Dowling JP, Höfling S, Lu CY, Scully MO, Pan JW. Quantum Interference between Light Sources Separated by 150 Million Kilometers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:080401. [PMID: 31491194 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.080401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report an experiment to test quantum interference, entanglement, and nonlocality using two dissimilar photon sources, the Sun and a semiconductor quantum dot on the Earth, which are separated by ∼150 million kilometers. By making the otherwise vastly distinct photons indistinguishable in all degrees of freedom, we observe time-resolved two-photon quantum interference with a raw visibility of 0.796(17), well above the 0.5 classical limit, providing unambiguous evidence of the quantum nature of thermal light. Further, using the photons with no common history, we demonstrate postselected two-photon entanglement with a state fidelity of 0.826(24) and a violation of Bell inequality by 2.20(6). The experiment can be further extended to a larger scale using photons from distant stars and open a new route to quantum optics experiments at an astronomical scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Deng
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Xing Ding
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Z-C Duan
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - M-C Chen
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu He
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu-Ming He
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jin-Peng Li
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu-Huai Li
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Li-Chao Peng
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - E S Matekole
- Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Tim Byrnes
- New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Ave, Pudong, Shanghai 200122, China
| | - C Schneider
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institt and Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitat Wrzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wrzburg, Germany
| | - M Kamp
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institt and Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitat Wrzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wrzburg, Germany
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jonathan P Dowling
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Ave, Pudong, Shanghai 200122, China
| | - Sven Höfling
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institt and Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitat Wrzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wrzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Marlan O Scully
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
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256
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Adcock JC, Vigliar C, Santagati R, Silverstone JW, Thompson MG. Programmable four-photon graph states on a silicon chip. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3528. [PMID: 31388017 PMCID: PMC6684799 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Future quantum computers require a scalable architecture on a scalable technology-one that supports millions of high-performance components. Measurement-based protocols, using graph states, represent the state of the art in architectures for optical quantum computing. Silicon photonics technology offers enormous scale and proven quantum optical functionality. Here we produce and encode photonic graph states on a mass-manufactured chip, using four on-chip-generated photons. We programmably generate all types of four-photon graph state, implementing a basic measurement-based protocol, and measure high-visibility heralded interference of the chip's four photons. We develop a model of the device and bound the dominant sources of error using Bayesian inference. The combination of measurement-based quantum computation, silicon photonics technology, and on-chip multi-pair sources will be a useful one for future scalable quantum information processing with photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Adcock
- Quantum Engineering Technology (QET) Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory & School of Computer, Electronic Engineering & Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Caterina Vigliar
- Quantum Engineering Technology (QET) Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory & School of Computer, Electronic Engineering & Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Raffaele Santagati
- Quantum Engineering Technology (QET) Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory & School of Computer, Electronic Engineering & Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Joshua W Silverstone
- Quantum Engineering Technology (QET) Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory & School of Computer, Electronic Engineering & Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK.
| | - Mark G Thompson
- Quantum Engineering Technology (QET) Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory & School of Computer, Electronic Engineering & Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
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257
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Bisognin R, Marguerite A, Roussel B, Kumar M, Cabart C, Chapdelaine C, Mohammad-Djafari A, Berroir JM, Bocquillon E, Plaçais B, Cavanna A, Gennser U, Jin Y, Degiovanni P, Fève G. Quantum tomography of electrical currents. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3379. [PMID: 31358764 PMCID: PMC6662746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In quantum nanoelectronics, time-dependent electrical currents are built from few elementary excitations emitted with well-defined wavefunctions. However, despite the realization of sources generating quantized numbers of excitations, and despite the development of the theoretical framework of time-dependent quantum electronics, extracting electron and hole wavefunctions from electrical currents has so far remained out of reach, both at the theoretical and experimental levels. In this work, we demonstrate a quantum tomography protocol which extracts the generated electron and hole wavefunctions and their emission probabilities from any electrical current. It combines two-particle interferometry with signal processing. Using our technique, we extract the wavefunctions generated by trains of Lorentzian pulses carrying one or two electrons. By demonstrating the synthesis and complete characterization of electronic wavefunctions in conductors, this work offers perspectives for quantum information processing with electrical currents and for investigating basic quantum physics in many-body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bisognin
- Laboratoire de Physique de l' Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75005, France
| | - A Marguerite
- Laboratoire de Physique de l' Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75005, France
| | - B Roussel
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342, Lyon, France
- European Space Agency-Advanced Concepts Team, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - M Kumar
- Laboratoire de Physique de l' Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75005, France
| | - C Cabart
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - C Chapdelaine
- Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes, CNRS, Centrale-Supélec-Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91190, France
| | - A Mohammad-Djafari
- Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes, CNRS, Centrale-Supélec-Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91190, France
| | - J-M Berroir
- Laboratoire de Physique de l' Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75005, France
| | - E Bocquillon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l' Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75005, France
| | - B Plaçais
- Laboratoire de Physique de l' Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75005, France
| | - A Cavanna
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - U Gennser
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Y Jin
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - P Degiovanni
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - G Fève
- Laboratoire de Physique de l' Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75005, France.
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258
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Abstract
A modification of the standard Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer is proposed which allows one to replicate the celebrated coincidence dip in the case of two-independent delay parameters. In the ideal case where such delays are sufficiently stable with respect to the mean wavelength of the pump source, properly symmetrized input bi-photon states allow one to pinpoint their values through the identification of a zero in the coincidence counts, a feature that cannot be simulated by semiclassical inputs having the same spectral properties. Besides, in the presence of fluctuating parameters the zero in the coincidences is washed away: still the bi-photon state permits to recover the values of parameters with a visibility which is higher than the one allowed by semiclassical sources. The detrimental role of loss and dispersion is also analyzed and an application in the context of quantum positioning is presented.
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259
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Hurst DL, Joanesarson KB, Iles-Smith J, Mørk J, Kok P. Generating Maximal Entanglement between Spectrally Distinct Solid-State Emitters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:023603. [PMID: 31386531 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show how to create maximal entanglement between spectrally distinct solid-state emitters embedded in a waveguide interferometer. By revealing the rich underlying structure of multiphoton scattering in emitters, we show that a two-photon input state can generate deterministic maximal entanglement even for emitters with significantly different transition energies and linewidths. The optimal frequency of the input is determined by two competing processes: which-path erasure and interaction strength. We find that smaller spectral overlap can be overcome with higher photon numbers, and quasimonochromatic photons are optimal for entanglement generation. Our work provides a new methodology for solid-state entanglement generation, where the requirement for perfectly matched emitters can be relaxed in favor of optical state optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Hurst
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Kristoffer B Joanesarson
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jake Iles-Smith
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Mørk
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pieter Kok
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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260
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Stobińska M, Buraczewski A, Moore M, Clements WR, Renema JJ, Nam SW, Gerrits T, Lita A, Kolthammer WS, Eckstein A, Walmsley IA. Quantum interference enables constant-time quantum information processing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau9674. [PMID: 31334346 PMCID: PMC6641944 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
It is an open question how fast information processing can be performed and whether quantum effects can speed up the best existing solutions. Signal extraction, analysis, and compression in diagnostics, astronomy, chemistry, and broadcasting build on the discrete Fourier transform. It is implemented with the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm that assumes a periodic input of specific lengths, which rarely holds true. A lesser-known transform, the Kravchuk-Fourier (KT), allows one to operate on finite strings of arbitrary length. It is of high demand in digital image processing and computer vision but features a prohibitive runtime. Here, we report a one-step computation of a fractional quantum KT. The quantum d-nary (qudit) architecture we use comprises only one gate and offers processing time independent of the input size. The gate may use a multiphoton Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. Existing quantum technologies may scale it up toward diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Stobińska
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Buraczewski
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Moore
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - W. R. Clements
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - J. J. Renema
- Complex Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - S. W. Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - T. Gerrits
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - A. Lita
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - W. S. Kolthammer
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - A. Eckstein
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - I. A. Walmsley
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
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261
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Graciano PY, Martínez AMA, Lopez-Mago D, Castro-Olvera G, Rosete-Aguilar M, Garduño-Mejía J, Alarcón RR, Ramírez HC, U'Ren AB. Interference effects in quantum-optical coherence tomography using spectrally engineered photon pairs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8954. [PMID: 31222097 PMCID: PMC6586797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical-coherence tomography (OCT) is a technique that employs light in order to measure the internal structure of semitransparent, e.g. biological, samples. It is based on the interference pattern of low-coherence light. Quantum-OCT (QOCT), instead, employs the correlation properties of entangled photon pairs, for example, generated by the process of spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). The usual QOCT scheme uses photon pairs characterised by a joint-spectral amplitude with strict spectral anti-correlations. It has been shown that, in contrast with its classical counterpart, QOCT provides resolution enhancement and dispersion cancellation. In this paper, we revisit the theory of QOCT and extend the theoretical model so as to include photon pairs with arbitrary spectral correlations. We present experimental results that complement the theory and explain the physical underpinnings appearing in the interference pattern. In our experiment, we utilize a pump for the SPDC process ranging from continuous wave to pulsed in the femtosecond regime, and show that cross-correlation interference effects appearing for each pair of layers may be directly suppressed for a sufficiently large pump bandwidth. Our results provide insights and strategies that could guide practical implementations of QOCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Yepiz Graciano
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-543, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alí Michel Angulo Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-543, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Dorilian Lopez-Mago
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., 64849, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Castro-Olvera
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martha Rosete-Aguilar
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jesús Garduño-Mejía
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Ramírez Alarcón
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Héctor Cruz Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-543, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfred B U'Ren
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-543, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
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262
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Dalacu D, Poole PJ, Williams RL. Nanowire-based sources of non-classical light. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:232001. [PMID: 30703755 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sources of quantum light that utilize photonic nanowire designs have emerged as potential candidates for high efficiency non-classical light generation in quantum information processing. In this review we cover the different platforms used to produce nanowire-based sources, highlighting the importance of waveguide design and material properties in achieving optimal performance. The limitations of the sources are identified and routes to optimization are proposed. State-of-the-art nanowire sources are compared to other solid-state quantum emitter platforms with regard to the key metrics of single photon purity, indistinguishability and entangled-pair fidelity to maximally entangled Bell states. We also discuss the unique ability of the nanowire platform to incorporate multiple emitters in the same optical mode and consider potential applications. Finally, routes to on-chip integration are discussed and the challenges facing the development of a nanowire-based scalable architecture are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dalacu
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
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263
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Theurer T, Egloff D, Zhang L, Plenio MB. Quantifying Operations with an Application to Coherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:190405. [PMID: 31144929 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.190405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To describe certain facets of nonclassicality, it is necessary to quantify properties of operations instead of states. This is the case if one wants to quantify how well an operation detects nonclassicality, which is a necessary prerequisite for its use in quantum technologies. To do so rigorously, we build resource theories on the level of operations, exploiting the concept of resource destroying maps. We discuss the two basic ingredients of these resource theories, the free operations and the free superoperations, which are sequential and parallel concatenations with free operations. This leads to defining properties of functionals that are well suited to quantify the resources of operations. We introduce these concepts at the example of coherence. In particular, we present two measures quantifying the ability of an operation to detect, i.e., to use, coherence, one of them with an operational interpretation, and provide methods to evaluate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Theurer
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQST, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Dario Egloff
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQST, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
- Technical University Dresden, Institute of Theoretical Physics, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lijian Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Martin B Plenio
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQST, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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264
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Liu H, Wang W, Wei K, Fang XT, Li L, Liu NL, Liang H, Zhang SJ, Zhang W, Li H, You L, Wang Z, Lo HK, Chen TY, Xu F, Pan JW. Experimental Demonstration of High-Rate Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution over Asymmetric Channels. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:160501. [PMID: 31075015 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.160501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can eliminate all detector side channels and it is practical with current technology. Previous implementations of MDI-QKD all used two symmetric channels with similar losses. However, the secret key rate is severely limited when different channels have different losses. Here we report the results of the first high-rate MDI-QKD experiment over asymmetric channels. By using the recent 7-intensity optimization approach, we demonstrate>10×higher key rate than the previous best-known protocols for MDI-QKD in the situation of large channel asymmetry, and extend the secure transmission distance by more than 20-50 km in standard telecom fiber. The results have moved MDI-QKD towards widespread applications in practical network settings, where the channel losses are asymmetric and user nodes could be dynamically added or deleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control (CQIQC), Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Kejin Wei
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tian Fang
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liang
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Jie Zhang
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lixing You
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hoi-Kwong Lo
- Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control (CQIQC), Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Teng-Yun Chen
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Feihu Xu
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
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265
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Kang MS, Heo J, Choi SG, Moon S, Han SW. Implementation of SWAP test for two unknown states in photons via cross-Kerr nonlinearities under decoherence effect. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6167. [PMID: 30992536 PMCID: PMC6468003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an optical scheme for a SWAP test (controlled swap operation) that can determine whether the difference between two unknown states (photons) using cross-Kerr nonlinearities (XKNLs). The SWAP test, based on quantum fingerprinting, has been widely applied to various quantum information processing (QIP) schemes. Thus, for a reliable QIP scheme, it is important to implement a scheme for a SWAP test that is experimentally feasible. Here, we utilize linearly and nonlinearly optical (XKNLs) gates to design a scheme for a SWAP test. We also analyze the efficiency and the performance of nonlinearly optical gates in our scheme under the decoherence effect and exhibit a technique employing quantum bus beams and photon-number-resolving measurements to reduce the effect of photon loss and dephasing caused by the decoherence effect. Consequently, our scheme, which is designed using linearly optical devices and XKNLs (nonlinear optics), can feasibly operate the nearly deterministic SWAP test with high efficiency, in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sung Kang
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jino Heo
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Gon Choi
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Moon
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Han
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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266
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Chen C, Heyes JE, Hong KH, Niu MY, Lita AE, Gerrits T, Nam SW, Shapiro JH, Wong FNC. Indistinguishable single-mode photons from spectrally engineered biphotons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:11626-11634. [PMID: 31053005 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.011626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We use pulsed spontaneous parametric down-conversion in KTiOPO 4, with a Gaussian phase-matching function and a transform-limited Gaussian pump, to achieve near-unity spectral purity in heralded single photons at telecommunication wavelength. Theory shows that these phase-matching and pump conditions are sufficient to ensure that a biphoton state with a circularly symmetric joint spectral intensity profile is transform limited and factorable. We verify the heralded-state spectral purity in a four-fold coincidence measurement by performing Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between two independently generated heralded photons. With a mild spectral filter we obtain an interference visibility of 98.4±1.1% which corresponds to a heralded-state purity of 99.2%. Our heralded photon source is potentially an essential resource for measurement-based quantum information processing and quantum network applications.
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267
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Preiss PM, Becher JH, Klemt R, Klinkhamer V, Bergschneider A, Defenu N, Jochim S. High-Contrast Interference of Ultracold Fermions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:143602. [PMID: 31050463 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.143602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many-body interference between indistinguishable particles can give rise to strong correlations rooted in quantum statistics. We study such Hanbury Brown-Twiss-type correlations for number states of ultracold massive fermions. Using deterministically prepared ^{6}Li atoms in optical tweezers, we measure momentum correlations using a single-atom sensitive time-of-flight imaging scheme. The experiment combines on-demand state preparation of highly indistinguishable particles with high-fidelity detection, giving access to two- and three-body correlations in fields of fixed fermionic particle number. We find that pairs of atoms interfere with a contrast close to 80%. We show that second-order density correlations arise from contributions from all two-particle pairs and detect intrinsic third-order correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Preiss
- Physics Institute, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Klemt
- Physics Institute, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Nicolò Defenu
- Physics Institute, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Selim Jochim
- Physics Institute, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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268
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Quantum experiments and graphs II: Quantum interference, computation, and state generation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4147-4155. [PMID: 30770451 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815884116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an approach to describe state-of-the-art photonic quantum experiments using graph theory. There, the quantum states are given by the coherent superpositions of perfect matchings. The crucial observation is that introducing complex weights in graphs naturally leads to quantum interference. This viewpoint immediately leads to many interesting results, some of which we present here. First, we identify an experimental unexplored multiphoton interference phenomenon. Second, we find that computing the results of such experiments is #P-hard, which means it is a classically intractable problem dealing with the computation of a matrix function Permanent and its generalization Hafnian. Third, we explain how a recent no-go result applies generally to linear optical quantum experiments, thus revealing important insights into quantum state generation with current photonic technology. Fourth, we show how to describe quantum protocols such as entanglement swapping in a graphical way. The uncovered bridge between quantum experiments and graph theory offers another perspective on a widely used technology and immediately raises many follow-up questions.
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269
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Wang CY, Gao J, Jiao ZQ, Qiao LF, Ren RJ, Feng Z, Chen Y, Yan ZQ, Wang Y, Tang H, Jin XM. Integrated measurement server for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution network. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:5982-5989. [PMID: 30876192 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.005982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantum key distribution (QKD), harnessing quantum physics and optoelectronics, may promise unconditionally secure information exchange in theory. Recently, theoretical and experimental advances in measurement-device-independent (MDI)-QKD have successfully closed the physical back door in detection terminals. However, the issues of scalability, stability, cost and loss prevent QKD systems from widespread application in practice. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a solution to build a star-topology quantum access network with an integrated server. By using femtosecond laser direct writing techniques, we construct integrated circuits for all the elements of Bell state analyzer together and are able to integrate 10 such analyzer structures on a single photonic chip. The measured high-visibility Bell state analysis suggests the integrated server as a promising platform for the practical application of MDI-QKD network.
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270
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Im DG, Kim Y, Kim YH. Periodic revival of frustrated two-photon creation via interference. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:7593-7601. [PMID: 30876321 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.007593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been known that suitably placed external mirrors can enhance and suppress emission of entangled photon pairs in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), known as frustrated two-photon creation via interference. In this work, we report periodic revival of frustrated two-photon creation via interference with SPDC pumped by a continuous-wave (cw) multi-mode laser. As the mirrors are translated relative to the position of the SPDC source, the effect of frustrated two-photon creation via interference gradually dies off. However, as the mirrors are translated even further, the effect of frustrated two-photon creation via interference re-appears periodically. Our theoretical and numerical analyses show that this revival phenomenon is due to the nature of cw multi-mode pump laser. This work clearly demonstrates how the properties of the pump laser, in addition to suitably placed external mirrors, can be used to modify the process of spontaneous two-photon emission.
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271
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Barrett TD, Barter O, Stuart D, Yuen B, Kuhn A. Polarization Oscillations in Birefringent Emitter-Cavity Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:083602. [PMID: 30932599 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the effects of resonator birefringence on the cavity-enhanced interfacing of quantum states of light and matter, including the first observation of single photons with a time-dependent polarization state that evolves within their coherence time. A theoretical model is introduced and experimentally verified by the modified polarization of temporally long single photons emitted from a ^{87}Rb atom coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity by a vacuum-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage process. Further theoretical investigation shows how a change in cavity birefringence can both impact the atom-cavity coupling and engender starkly different polarization behavior in the emitted photons. With polarization a key resource for encoding quantum states of light and modern micron-scale cavities particularly prone to birefringence, the consideration of these effects is vital to the faithful realization of efficient and coherent emitter-photon interfaces for distributed quantum networking and communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Barrett
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Barter
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Dustin Stuart
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Yuen
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Kuhn
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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272
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Dorfman KE, Asban S, Ye L, Rouxel JR, Cho D, Mukamel S. Monitoring Spontaneous Charge-Density Fluctuations by Single-Molecule Diffraction of Quantum Light. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:768-773. [PMID: 30676023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Homodyne X-ray diffraction signals produced by classical light and classical detectors are given by the modulus square of the charge density in momentum space |σ(q)|2, missing its phase, which is required in order to invert the signal to real space. We show that quantum detection of the radiation field yields a linear diffraction pattern that reveals σ(q) itself, including the phase. We further show that repeated diffraction measurements with variable delays constitute a novel multidimensional measure of spontaneous charge-density fluctuations. Classical diffraction, in contrast, only reveals a subclass of even-order correlation functions. Simulations of two-dimensional signals obtained by two diffraction events are presented for the amino acid cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin E Dorfman
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy , East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062 , China
| | - Shahaf Asban
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of California , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Lyuzhou Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of California , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Jérémy R Rouxel
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
- SwissFEL , Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen , PSI , Switzerland
| | - Daeheum Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of California , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of California , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
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273
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Abstract
Using two crystals for spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a parallel setup, we observe two-photon interference with high visibility. The high visibility is consistent with complementarity and the absence of which-path information. The observations are explained as the effects of entanglement or equivalently in terms of interfering probability amplitudes and also by the calculation of a second-order field correlation function in the Heisenberg picture. The latter approach brings out explicitly the role of the vacuum fields in the down-conversion at the crystals and in the photon coincidence counting. For comparison, we show that the Hong–Ou–Mandel dip can be explained by the same approach in which the role of the vacuum signal and idler fields, as opposed to entanglement involving vacuum states, is emphasized. We discuss the fundamental limitations of a theory in which these vacuum fields are treated as classical, stochastic fields.
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274
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Parniak M, Mazelanik M, Leszczyński A, Lipka M, Dąbrowski M, Wasilewski W. Quantum Optics of Spin Waves through ac Stark Modulation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:063604. [PMID: 30822088 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.063604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We bring the set of linear quantum operations, important for many fundamental studies in photonic systems, to the material domain of collective excitations known as spin waves. Using the ac Stark effect we realize quantum operations on single excitations and demonstrate a spin-wave analog of the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, realized via a beam splitter implemented in the spin-wave domain. Our scheme equips atomic-ensemble-based quantum repeaters with quantum information processing capability and can be readily brought to other physical systems, such as doped crystals or room-temperature atomic ensembles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Parniak
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Mazelanik
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Leszczyński
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Lipka
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wasilewski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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275
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Brod DJ, Galvão EF, Viggianiello N, Flamini F, Spagnolo N, Sciarrino F. Witnessing Genuine Multiphoton Indistinguishability. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:063602. [PMID: 30822072 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.063602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bosonic interference is a fundamental physical phenomenon, and it is believed to lie at the heart of quantum computational advantage. It is thus necessary to develop practical tools to witness its presence, both for a reliable assessment of a quantum source and for fundamental investigations. Here we describe how linear interferometers can be used to unambiguously witness genuine n-boson indistinguishability. The amount of violation of the proposed witnesses bounds the degree of multiboson indistinguishability, for which we also provide a novel intuitive model using set theory. We experimentally implement this test to bound the degree of three-photon indistinguishability in states we prepare using parametric down-conversion. Our approach results in a convenient tool for practical photonic applications, and may inspire further fundamental advances based on the operational framework we adopt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Brod
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza s/n, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-340, Brazil
| | - Ernesto F Galvão
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza s/n, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-340, Brazil
| | - Niko Viggianiello
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fulvio Flamini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Nicolò Spagnolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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276
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Paterova A, Yang H, An C, Kalashnikov D, Krivitsky L. Polarization effects in nonlinear interference of down-converted photons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:2589-2603. [PMID: 30732294 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.002589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We study polarization effects in the nonlinear interference of photons generated via frequency nondegenerate spontaneous parametric-down conversion. Signal and idler photons, which are generated in the visible and infrared (IR) range, respectively, are split into different arms of a nonlinear Michelson interferometer, and the interference pattern for signal photons is detected. Due to the effect of induced coherence, the interference pattern for the signal photons depends on the polarization rotation of idler photons, which are introduced by a birefringent sample. Based on this concept, we realize two new methods of measuring sample retardation in the IR range by using well-developed and inexpensive components for visible light. The methods' accuracy reaches specifications that are reported for industrial-grade optical elements. The developed IR polarimetry technique is relevant to material research, optical inspection, and quality control.
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277
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Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate that when three single photons transmit through two polarization channels, in a well-defined pre- and postselected ensemble, there are no two photons in the same polarization channel by weak-strength measurement, a counterintuitive quantum counting effect called the quantum pigeonhole paradox. We further show that this effect breaks down in second-order measurement. These results indicate the existence of the quantum pigeonhole paradox and its operating regime.
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278
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Chung HP, Lee CH, Huang KH, Yang SL, Wang K, Solntsev AS, Sukhorukov AA, Setzpfandt F, Chen YH. Broadband on-chip polarization mode splitters in lithium niobate integrated adiabatic couplers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1632-1645. [PMID: 30696226 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first broadband polarization mode splitter (PMS) based on the adiabatic light passage mechanism in the lithium niobate (LiNbO3) waveguide platform. A broad bandwidth of ~140 nm spanning telecom S, C, and L bands at polarization-extinction ratios (PER) of >20 dB and >18 dB for the TE and TM polarization modes, respectively, is found in a five-waveguide adiabatic coupler scheme whose structure is optimized by an adiabaticity engineering process in titanium-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides. When the five-waveguide PMS is integrated with a three-waveguide "shortcut to adiabaticity" structure, we realize a broadband, high splitting-ratio (ηc) mode splitter for spatial separation of TE- (H-) polarized pump (700-850 nm for ηc>99%), TM- (V-) polarized signal (1510-1630 nm for ηc>97%), and TE- (H-) polarized idler (1480-1650 nm for ηc>97%) modes. Such a unique integrated-optical device is of potential for facilitating the on-chip implementation of a pump-filtered, broadband tunable entangled quantum-state generator.
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279
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Kaneda F, Suzuki H, Shimizu R, Edamatsu K. Direct generation of frequency-bin entangled photons via two-period quasi-phase-matched parametric downconversion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1416-1424. [PMID: 30696207 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple scheme for direct generation of frequency-bin entangled photon pairs via spontaneous parametric downconversion. Our fabricated nonlinear optical crystal with two different poling periods can simultaneously satisfy two different, spectrally symmetric nondegenerate quasi-phase-matching conditions, enabling the direct generation of entanglement in two discrete frequency-bin modes. Our produced photon pairs exhibited Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with high-visibility beating oscillations- a signature of two-mode frequency-bin entanglement. Moreover, we demonstrate deterministic entanglement-mode conversion from frequency-bin to polarization modes, with which our source can be more versatile for various quantum applications. Our scheme can be extended to direct generation of high-dimensional frequency-bin entanglement, and thus will be a key technology for frequency-multiplexed optical quantum information processing.
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280
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Agnesi C, Da Lio B, Cozzolino D, Cardi L, Ben Bakir B, Hassan K, Della Frera A, Ruggeri A, Giudice A, Vallone G, Villoresi P, Tosi A, Rottwitt K, Ding Y, Bacco D. Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between independent III-V on silicon waveguide integrated lasers. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:271-274. [PMID: 30644878 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The versatility of silicon photonic integrated circuits has led to a widespread usage of this platform for quantum information-based applications, including quantum key distribution (QKD). However, the integration of simple high-repetition-rate photon sources is yet to be achieved. The use of weak-coherent pulses (WCPs) could represent a viable solution. For example, measurement device independent QKD (MDI-QKD) envisions the use of WCPs to distill a secret key immune to detector side channel attacks at large distances. Thus, the integration of III-V lasers on silicon waveguides is an interesting prospect for quantum photonics. Here we report the experimental observation of Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with 46±2% visibility between WCPs generated by two independent III-V on silicon waveguide integrated lasers. This quantum interference effect is at the heart of many applications, including MDI-QKD. This Letter represents a substantial first step towards an implementation of MDI-QKD fully integrated in silicon and could be beneficial for other applications such as standard QKD and novel quantum communication protocols.
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281
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Semenenko H, Sibson P, Thompson MG, Erven C. Interference between independent photonic integrated devices for quantum key distribution. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:275-278. [PMID: 30644879 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in quantum computing are a rapidly growing threat towards modern cryptography. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides long-term security without assuming the computational power of an adversary. However, inconsistencies between theory and experiment have raised questions in terms of real-world security, while large and power-hungry commercial systems have slowed wide-scale adoption. Measurement-device-independent QKD (MDI-QKD) provides a method of sharing secret keys that removes all possible detector side-channel attacks which drastically improves security claims. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate a key step required to perform MDI-QKD with scalable integrated devices. We show Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between weak coherent states carved from two independent indium phosphide transmitters at 431 MHz with a visibility of 46.5±0.8%. This Letter demonstrates the feasibility of using integrated devices to lower a major barrier towards the adoption of QKD in metropolitan networks.
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282
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D'Ambrosio V, Carvacho G, Agresti I, Marrucci L, Sciarrino F. Tunable Two-Photon Quantum Interference of Structured Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:013601. [PMID: 31012655 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.013601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Structured photons are nowadays an important resource in classical and quantum optics due to the richness of properties they show under propagation, focusing, and in their interaction with matter. Vectorial modes of light in particular, a class of modes where the polarization varies across the beam profile, have already been used in several areas ranging from microscopy to quantum information. One of the key ingredients needed to exploit the full potential of complex light in the quantum domain is the control of quantum interference, a crucial resource in fields like quantum communication, sensing, and metrology. Here we report a tunable Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between vectorial modes of light. We demonstrate how a properly designed spin-orbit device can be used to control quantum interference between vectorial modes of light by simply adjusting the device parameters and no need of interferometric setups. We believe our result can find applications in fundamental research and quantum technologies based on structured light by providing a new tool to control quantum interference in a compact, efficient, and robust way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo D'Ambrosio
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Carvacho
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Iris Agresti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marrucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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283
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Luo KH, Brauner S, Eigner C, Sharapova PR, Ricken R, Meier T, Herrmann H, Silberhorn C. Nonlinear integrated quantum electro-optic circuits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaat1451. [PMID: 30613766 PMCID: PMC6314874 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Future quantum computation and networks require scalable monolithic circuits, which incorporate various advanced functionalities on a single physical substrate. Although substantial progress for various applications has already been demonstrated on different platforms, the range of diversified manipulation of photonic states on demand on a single chip has remained limited, especially dynamic time management. Here, we demonstrate an electro-optic device, including photon pair generation, propagation, electro-optical path routing, as well as a voltage-controllable time delay of up to ~12 ps on a single Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide chip. As an example, we demonstrate Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with a visibility of more than 93 ± 1.8%. Our chip not only enables the deliberate manipulation of photonic states by rotating the polarization but also provides precise time control. Our experiment reveals that we have full flexible control over single-qubit operations by harnessing the complete potential of fast on-chip electro-optic modulation.
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284
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Park J, Jeong T, Kim H, Moon HS. Time-Energy Entangled Photon Pairs from Doppler-Broadened Atomic Ensemble via Collective Two-Photon Coherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:263601. [PMID: 30636130 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.263601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate two-photon interference of a time-energy entangled photon pair generated via collective two-photon coherence in Doppler-broadened cascade-type ^{87}Rb atoms. The two photons originally proposed by J. D. Franson are realized as a photon pair due to collective effects, which are generated from the cascade atomic system with a relatively long lifetime of the initial state and a considerably shorter lifetime of the intermediate state. The achievement of two-photon interference with photon-pair sources generated from inhomogeneous atomic ensembles constitutes an important result for time-energy entanglement based on an atom-photon interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Park
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Taek Jeong
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Heonoh Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Han Seb Moon
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Korea
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285
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Zhong HS, Li Y, Li W, Peng LC, Su ZE, Hu Y, He YM, Ding X, Zhang W, Li H, Zhang L, Wang Z, You L, Wang XL, Jiang X, Li L, Chen YA, Liu NL, Lu CY, Pan JW. 12-Photon Entanglement and Scalable Scattershot Boson Sampling with Optimal Entangled-Photon Pairs from Parametric Down-Conversion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:250505. [PMID: 30608840 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.250505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Entangled-photon sources with simultaneously near-unity heralding efficiency and indistinguishability are the fundamental elements for scalable photonic quantum technologies. We design and realize a degenerate telecommunication wavelength entangled-photon source from an ultrafast pulsed laser pumped spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), which shows simultaneously 97% heralding efficiency and 96% indistinguishability between independent single photons without narrow-band filtering. Such a beamlike and frequency-uncorrelated SPDC source allows generation of the first 12-photon genuine entanglement with a state fidelity of 0.572±0.024. We further demonstrate a blueprint of scalable scattershot boson sampling using 12 SPDC sources and a 12×12 mode interferometer for three-, four-, and five-boson sampling, which yields count rates more than 4 orders of magnitude higher than all previous SPDC experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sen Zhong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Li-Chao Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zu-En Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu-Ming He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xing Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lixing You
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu-Ao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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286
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Meyer-Scott E, Prasannan N, Eigner C, Quiring V, Donohue JM, Barkhofen S, Silberhorn C. High-performance source of spectrally pure, polarization entangled photon pairs based on hybrid integrated-bulk optics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:32475-32490. [PMID: 30645414 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.032475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Entangled photon pair sources based on bulk optics are approaching optimal design and implementation, with high state fidelities, spectral purities and heralding efficiencies, but generally low brightness. Integrated entanglement sources, while providing higher brightness and low-power operation, often sacrifice performance in output state quality and coupling efficiency. Here we present a polarization-entangled pair source based on a hybrid approach of waveguiding and bulk optics, addressing every metric simultaneously. We show 96 % fidelity to the singlet state, 82 % Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibility, 43 % average Klyshko efficiency, and a high brightness of 2.9 × 106 pairs/(mode·s·mW), while requiring only microwatts of pump power.
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287
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Optimal photonic indistinguishability tests in multimode networks. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:1470-1478. [PMID: 36658828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Particle indistinguishability is at the heart of quantum statistics that regulates fundamental phenomena such as the electronic band structure of solids, Bose-Einstein condensation and superconductivity. Moreover, it is necessary in practical applications such as linear optical quantum computation and simulation, in particular for Boson Sampling devices. It is thus crucial to develop tools to certify genuine multiphoton interference between multiple sources. Our approach employs the total variation distance to find those transformations that minimize the error probability in discriminating the behaviors of distinguishable and indistinguishable photons. In particular, we show that so-called Sylvester interferometers are near-optimal for this task. By using Bayesian tests and inference, we numerically show that Sylvester transformations largely outperform most Haar-random unitaries in terms of sample size required. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of the transformation using an efficient 3D integrated circuits in the single- and multiple-source cases. We then discuss the extension of this approach to a larger number of photons and modes. These results open the way to the application of Sylvester interferometers for optimal assessment of multiphoton interference experiments.
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288
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Experimental optical phase measurement approaching the exact Heisenberg limit. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4606. [PMID: 30389924 PMCID: PMC6214903 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of quantum resources can provide measurement precision beyond the shot-noise limit (SNL). The task of ab initio optical phase measurement—the estimation of a completely unknown phase—has been experimentally demonstrated with precision beyond the SNL, and even scaling like the ultimate bound, the Heisenberg limit (HL), but with an overhead factor. However, existing approaches have not been able—even in principle—to achieve the best possible precision, saturating the HL exactly. Here we demonstrate a scheme to achieve true HL phase measurement, using a combination of three techniques: entanglement, multiple samplings of the phase shift, and adaptive measurement. Our experimental demonstration of the scheme uses two photonic qubits, one double passed, so that, for a successful coincidence detection, the number of photon-passes is N = 3. We achieve a precision that is within 4% of the HL. This scheme can be extended to higher N and other physical systems. Measurements of an unknown optical phase have not yet been performed with the ultimate precision, i.e. saturating the Heisenberg limit. Here, Daryanoosh et al. demonstrate this with a precision within 4% of the Heisenberg limit by combining photonic entanglement and multiple passes.
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289
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Gorobtsov OY, Mercurio G, Capotondi F, Skopintsev P, Lazarev S, Zaluzhnyy IA, Danailov MB, Dell'Angela M, Manfredda M, Pedersoli E, Giannessi L, Kiskinova M, Prince KC, Wurth W, Vartanyants IA. Seeded X-ray free-electron laser generating radiation with laser statistical properties. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4498. [PMID: 30374062 PMCID: PMC6206026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The invention of optical lasers led to a revolution in the field of optics and to the creation of such fields of research as quantum optics. The reason was their unique statistical and coherence properties. The emerging, short-wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs) are sources of very bright coherent extreme-ultraviolet and X-ray radiation with pulse durations on the order of femtoseconds, and are presently considered to be laser sources at these energies. FELs are highly spatially coherent to the first-order but in spite of their name, behave statistically as chaotic sources. Here, we demonstrate experimentally, by combining Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry with spectral measurements that the seeded XUV FERMI FEL-2 source does indeed behave statistically as a laser. The results may be useful for quantum optics experiments and for the design and operation of next generation FEL sources. Free electron lasers are emerging as important tools for nonlinear spectroscopy in the X-ray regime. Here the authors demonstrate the second order coherence of a seeded FEL source that may be useful for measurements in quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Yu Gorobtsov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Giuseppe Mercurio
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chausse 149, D-22761, Hamburg, Germany.,European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Petr Skopintsev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory for Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI Aarebrucke, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Lazarev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany.,National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), pr. Lenina 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A Zaluzhnyy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany.,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149, Basovizza (Trieste), Italy.,ENEA C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044, Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - Maya Kiskinova
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149, Basovizza (Trieste), Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149, Basovizza (Trieste), Italy.,Molecular Model Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Wilfried Wurth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Hamburg and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chausse 149, D-22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivan A Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany. .,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409, Moscow, Russia.
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290
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Kim YS, Pramanik T, Cho YW, Yang M, Han SW, Lee SY, Kang MS, Moon S. Informationally symmetrical Bell state preparation and measurement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:29539-29549. [PMID: 30470116 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.029539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bell state measurement (BSM) plays crucial roles in photonic quantum information processing. The standard linear optical BSM is based on Hong-Ou-Mandel interference where two photons meet and interfere at a beamsplitter (BS). However, a generalized two-photon interference is not based on photon-photon interaction, but interference between two-photon probability amplitudes. Therefore, it might be possible to implement BSM without interfering photons at a BS. Here, we investigate a linear optical BSM scheme which does not require two photon overlapping at a BS. By unleashing the two photon coexistence condition, it can be symmetrically divided into two parties. The symmetrically dividable property suggests an informationally symmetrical BSM between remote parties without a third party. We also present that our BSM scheme can be used for Bell state preparation between remote parties without a third party. Since our BSM scheme can be easily extended to multiple photons, it can be useful for various quantum communication applications.
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291
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Quantum interferometric generation of polarization entangled photons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15733. [PMID: 30356066 PMCID: PMC6200815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum interference, like Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, has played an important role to test fundamental concepts in quantum physics. We experimentally show that the multiple quantum interference effects enable the generation of high-performance polarization entangled photons. These photons have a high-emission rate, are degenerate, have a broadband distribution, and are postselection free. A quantum interferometric scheme, based on a round-trip configuration of a double-pass polarization Sagnac interferometer, makes it possible to use the large generation efficiency of polarization entangled photons in the process of parametric down-conversion and to separate degenerate photon pairs into different optical modes with no requirement of postselection. We demonstrate experimentally that multiple quantum interference is not only an interesting fundamental quantum optical phenomenon but can be used for novel photonic quantum information technologies.
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292
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Peřina J. Intense spectrally broad-band twin beams from poled nonlinear crystals. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15350. [PMID: 30337564 PMCID: PMC6193979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Properties of intense twin beams generated in parametric down-conversion in periodically poled LiNbO3 crystals and their chirped variants by intense pump fields are analyzed along the model of intense parametric down-conversion that allows for pump depletion and uses the dual spatio-spectral Schmidt modes. Spectral and spatial intensity auto- and cross-correlation functions are determined as they depend on the pump power. Temporal correlations in intense twin beams at the fs time scale are investigated using the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer and the process of sum-frequency generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Peřina
- Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacký University and Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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293
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Burdick RK, Varnavski O, Molina A, Upton L, Zimmerman P, Goodson T. Predicting and Controlling Entangled Two-Photon Absorption in Diatomic Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8198-8212. [PMID: 30223648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of nonclassical states of light to probe organic molecules has received great attention due to the possibility of providing new and detailed information regarding molecular excitations. Experimental and theoretical results have been reported which show large enhancements of the nonlinear optical responses in organic materials due to possible virtual-electronic-state interactions with entangled photons. In order to predict molecular excitations with nonclassical light, more detailed investigations of the parameters involved must be carried out. In this report we investigate the details of the state-to-state parameters important in calculating the contribution of particular transitions involved in the entangled two-photon absorption process for diatomic molecules. The theoretical discussion of the entangled two-photon process is described for a set of diatomic molecules. Specifically, we provide detailed quantum chemical calculations which give accurate energies and transition moments for selection-rule allowed intermediate states important in the entangled nonlinear effect for the diatomic molecules. These results are used to estimate in a more accurate manner the nonmonotonic behavior of the entangled two-photon absorption cross-section. We also derive accurate approximations that can be used to predict the period between entanglement-induced transparencies without needing exact values of the transition dipole moments. These results suggest that with the additional parameters allotted by the entangled two-photon absorption (in comparison to the classical case), it may be possible to predict and later control the nonlinear absorption and transparency of a molecule at a constant incident photon frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Burdick
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Oleg Varnavski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Andrew Molina
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Leslie Upton
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Paul Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Theodore Goodson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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294
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Wang K, Titchener JG, Kruk SS, Xu L, Chung HP, Parry M, Kravchenko II, Chen YH, Solntsev AS, Kivshar YS, Neshev DN, Sukhorukov AA. Quantum metasurface for multiphoton interference and state reconstruction. Science 2018; 361:1104-1108. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat8196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metasurfaces based on resonant nanophotonic structures have enabled innovative types of flat-optics devices that often outperform the capabilities of bulk components, yet these advances remain largely unexplored for quantum applications. We show that nonclassical multiphoton interferences can be achieved at the subwavelength scale in all-dielectric metasurfaces. We simultaneously image multiple projections of quantum states with a single metasurface, enabling a robust reconstruction of amplitude, phase, coherence, and entanglement of multiphoton polarization-encoded states. One- and two-photon states are reconstructed through nonlocal photon correlation measurements with polarization-insensitive click detectors positioned after the metasurface, and the scalability to higher photon numbers is established theoretically. Our work illustrates the feasibility of ultrathin quantum metadevices for the manipulation and measurement of multiphoton quantum states, with applications in free-space quantum imaging and communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - James G. Titchener
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Quantum Technology Enterprise Centre, Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Sergey S. Kruk
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Lei Xu
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Hung-Pin Chung
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
| | - Matthew Parry
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ivan I. Kravchenko
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Yen-Hung Chen
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
- Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
| | - Alexander S. Solntsev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yuri S. Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Dragomir N. Neshev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrey A. Sukhorukov
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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295
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Sychev DV, Ulanov AE, Tiunov ES, Pushkina AA, Kuzhamuratov A, Novikov V, Lvovsky AI. Entanglement and teleportation between polarization and wave-like encodings of an optical qubit. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3672. [PMID: 30201996 PMCID: PMC6131517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is an irreplaceable means of communication among various quantum information processing and storage devices. Due to their different physical nature, some of these devices couple more strongly to discrete, and some to continuous degrees of freedom of a quantum optical wave. It is therefore desirable to develop a technological capability to interconvert quantum information encoded in these degrees of freedom. Here we generate and characterize an entangled state between a dual-rail (polarization-encoded) single-photon qubit and a qubit encoded as a superposition of opposite-amplitude coherent states. We furthermore demonstrate the application of this state as a resource for the interfacing of quantum information between these encodings. In particular, we show teleportation of a polarization qubit onto a freely propagating continuous-variable qubit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demid V Sychev
- Russian Quantum Center, 100 Novaya St., Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia, 143025
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Moscow State Pedagogical University, M. Pirogovskaya Street 29, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Alexander E Ulanov
- Russian Quantum Center, 100 Novaya St., Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia, 143025
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141700
| | - Egor S Tiunov
- Russian Quantum Center, 100 Novaya St., Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia, 143025
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141700
| | - Anastasia A Pushkina
- Russian Quantum Center, 100 Novaya St., Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia, 143025
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - A Kuzhamuratov
- Russian Quantum Center, 100 Novaya St., Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia, 143025
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141700
| | - Valery Novikov
- Russian Quantum Center, 100 Novaya St., Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia, 143025
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141700
| | - A I Lvovsky
- Russian Quantum Center, 100 Novaya St., Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia, 143025.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Leninskiy prospect 53, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
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296
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Tambasco JL, Corrielli G, Chapman RJ, Crespi A, Zilberberg O, Osellame R, Peruzzo A. Quantum interference of topological states of light. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat3187. [PMID: 30225365 PMCID: PMC6140626 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Topological insulators are materials that have a gapped bulk energy spectrum but contain protected in-gap states appearing at their surface. These states exhibit remarkable properties such as unidirectional propagation and robustness to noise that offer an opportunity to improve the performance and scalability of quantum technologies. For quantum applications, it is essential that the topological states are indistinguishable. We report high-visibility quantum interference of single-photon topological states in an integrated photonic circuit. Two topological boundary states, initially at opposite edges of a coupled waveguide array, are brought into proximity, where they interfere and undergo a beamsplitter operation. We observe Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with 93.1 ± 2.8% visibility, a hallmark nonclassical effect that is at the heart of linear optics-based quantum computation. Our work shows that it is feasible to generate and control highly indistinguishable single-photon topological states, opening pathways to enhanced photonic quantum technology with topological properties, and to study quantum effects in topological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Tambasco
- Quantum Photonics Laboratory and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Giacomo Corrielli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Robert J. Chapman
- Quantum Photonics Laboratory and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Andrea Crespi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Oded Zilberberg
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Alberto Peruzzo
- Quantum Photonics Laboratory and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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297
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Valani RN, Slim AC, Simula T. Hong-Ou-Mandel-like two-droplet correlations. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2018; 28:096104. [PMID: 30278625 DOI: 10.1063/1.5032114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical study of two-droplet pair correlations for in-phase droplets walking on a vibrating bath. Two such walkers are launched toward a common point of intersection. As they approach, their carrier waves may overlap and the droplets have a non-zero probability of forming a two-droplet bound state. The likelihood of such pairing is quantified by measuring the probability of finding the droplets in a bound state at late times. Three generic types of two-droplet correlations are observed: promenading, orbiting, and chasing pair of walkers. For certain parameters, the droplets may become correlated for certain initial path differences and remain uncorrelated for others, while in other cases, the droplets may never produce droplet pairs. These observations pave the way for further studies of strongly correlated many-droplet behaviors in the hydrodynamical quantum analogs of bouncing and walking droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil N Valani
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Anja C Slim
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tapio Simula
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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298
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Rambach M, Lau WYS, Laibacher S, Tamma V, White AG, Weinhold TJ. Hectometer Revivals of Quantum Interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:093603. [PMID: 30230888 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.093603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cavity-enhanced single photon sources exhibit mode-locked biphoton states with comblike correlation functions. Our ultrabright source additionally emits single photon pairs as well as two-photon NOON states, dividing the output into an even and an odd comb, respectively. With even-comb photons we demonstrate revivals of the typical nonclassical Hong-Ou-Mandel interference up to the 84th dip, corresponding to a path length difference exceeding 100 m. With odd-comb photons we observe single photon interference fringes modulated over twice the displacement range of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rambach
- ARC Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - W Y Sarah Lau
- ARC Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Simon Laibacher
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg 89069, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Tamma
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg 89069, Germany
- Faculty of Science, SEES and Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 2UP, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G White
- ARC Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Till J Weinhold
- ARC Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
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299
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Karczewski M, Kaszlikowski D, Kurzyński P. Monogamy of Particle Statistics in Tripartite Systems Simulating Bosons and Fermions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:090403. [PMID: 30230898 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.090403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the quantum world, correlations can take the form of entanglement which is known to be monogamous. In this Letter we show that another type of correlation, indistinguishability, is also restricted by some form of monogamy. Namely, if particles A and B simulate bosons, then A and C cannot perfectly imitate fermions. Our main result consists in demonstrating to what extent it is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Karczewski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dagomir Kaszlikowski
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paweł Kurzyński
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
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300
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Wang XJ, Jing B, Sun PF, Yang CW, Yu Y, Tamma V, Bao XH, Pan JW. Experimental Time-Resolved Interference with Multiple Photons of Different Colors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:080501. [PMID: 30192608 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.080501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interference of multiple photons via a linear-optical network has profound applications for quantum foundation, quantum metrology, and quantum computation. Particularly, a boson sampling experiment with a moderate number of photons becomes intractable even for the most powerful classical computers. Scaling up from small-scale experiments requires highly indistinguishable single photons, which may be prohibited for many physical systems. Here we report a time-resolved multiphoton interference experiment by using photons not overlapping in their frequency spectra from three atomic-ensemble quantum memories. Time-resolved measurement enables us to observe nonclassical multiphoton correlation landscapes, which agree well with theoretical calculations. Symmetries in the landscapes are identified to reflect symmetries of the optical network. Our experiment can be further extended to realize boson sampling with many photons and plenty of modes, which thus may provide a route towards quantum supremacy with nonidentical photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Peng-Fei Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Chao-Wei Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Vincenzo Tamma
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Hui Bao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
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