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Pan Y, Kagawa Y, Sun J, Turner BJ, Huang C, Shah AD, Schittenhelm RB, Nicolazzo JA. Altered Blood-Brain Barrier Dynamics in the C9orf72 Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansion Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122803. [PMID: 36559296 PMCID: PMC9783795 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For peripherally administered drugs to reach the central nervous system (CNS) and treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), they must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). As mounting evidence suggests that the ultrastructure of the BBB is altered in individuals with ALS and in animal models of ALS (e.g., SOD1G93A mice), we characterized BBB transporter expression and function in transgenic C9orf72 BAC (C9-BAC) mice expressing a hexanucleotide repeat expansion, the most common genetic cause of ALS. Using an in situ transcardiac brain perfusion technique, we identified a 1.4-fold increase in 3H-2-deoxy-D-glucose transport across the BBB in C9-BAC transgenic (C9) mice, relative to wild-type (WT) mice, which was associated with a 1.3-fold increase in brain microvascular glucose transporter 1 expression, while other general BBB permeability processes (passive diffusion, efflux transporter function) remained unaffected. We also performed proteomic analysis on isolated brain microvascular endothelial cells, in which we noted a mild (14.3%) reduction in zonula occludens-1 abundance in C9 relative to WT mice. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted trends in changes to various BBB transporters and cellular metabolism. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate altered BBB function in a C9orf72 repeat expansion model of ALS, which has implications on how therapeutics may access the brain in this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Pan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-0872, Miyagi, Japan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (J.A.N.); Tel.: +61-3-8344-4000 (Y.P.); +61-3-9903-9605 (J.A.N.); Fax: +61-3-9903-9583 (J.A.N.)
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-0872, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Bradley J. Turner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anup D. Shah
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ralf B. Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (J.A.N.); Tel.: +61-3-8344-4000 (Y.P.); +61-3-9903-9605 (J.A.N.); Fax: +61-3-9903-9583 (J.A.N.)
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Kalyan M, Tousif AH, Sonali S, Vichitra C, Sunanda T, Praveenraj SS, Ray B, Gorantla VR, Rungratanawanich W, Mahalakshmi AM, Qoronfleh MW, Monaghan TM, Song BJ, Essa MM, Chidambaram SB. Role of Endogenous Lipopolysaccharides in Neurological Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244038. [PMID: 36552802 PMCID: PMC9777235 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a cell-wall immunostimulatory endotoxin component of Gram-negative bacteria. A growing body of evidence reveals that alterations in the bacterial composition of the intestinal microbiota (gut dysbiosis) disrupt host immune homeostasis and the intestinal barrier function. Microbial dysbiosis leads to a proinflammatory milieu and systemic endotoxemia, which contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders. Two important pathophysiological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammation, which can be initiated by elevated intestinal permeability, with increased abundance of pathobionts. These changes lead to excessive release of LPS and other bacterial products into blood, which in turn induce chronic systemic inflammation, which damages the blood-brain barrier (BBB). An impaired BBB allows the translocation of potentially harmful bacterial products, including LPS, and activated neutrophils/leucocytes into the brain, which results in neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Chronic neuroinflammation causes neuronal damage and synaptic loss, leading to memory impairment. LPS-induced inflammation causes inappropriate activation of microglia, astrocytes, and dendritic cells. Consequently, these alterations negatively affect mitochondrial function and lead to increases in oxidative/nitrative stress and neuronal senescence. These cellular changes in the brain give rise to specific clinical symptoms, such as impairment of locomotor function, muscle weakness, paralysis, learning deficits, and dementia. This review summarizes the contributing role of LPS in the development of neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death in various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Kalyan
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Ahmed Hediyal Tousif
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharma Sonali
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrasekaran Vichitra
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Tuladhar Sunanda
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sankar Simla Praveenraj
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vasavi Rakesh Gorantla
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, St. George’s University Grenada, West Indies FZ818, Grenada
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arehally M. Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- Q3CG Research Institute (QRI), Research & Policy Division, 7227 Rachel Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48917, USA
- 21 Health Street, Consulting Services, 1 Christian Fields, London SW16 3JY, UK
| | - Tanya M. Monaghan
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (M.M.E.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Aging and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (M.M.E.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (M.M.E.); (S.B.C.)
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253
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Ogbu D, Zhang Y, Claud K, Xia Y, Sun J. Target Metabolites to Slow Down Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121253. [PMID: 36557291 PMCID: PMC9784240 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites affect the neuron system and muscle cell functions. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial neuromuscular disease. Our previous study has demonstrated elevated intestinal inflammation and dysfunction of the microbiome in patients with ALS and an ALS mouse model (human-SOD1G93A transgenic mice). However, the metabolites in ALS progression are unknown. Using an unbiased global metabolomic measurement and targeted measurement, we investigated the longitudinal changes of fecal metabolites in SOD1G93A mice over the course of 13 weeks. We further compared the changes of metabolites and inflammatory response in age-matched wild-type (WT) and SOD1G93A mice treated with the bacterial product butyrate. We found changes in carbohydrate levels, amino acid metabolism, and the formation of gamma-glutamyl amino acids. Shifts in several microbially contributed catabolites of aromatic amino acids agree with butyrate-induced changes in the composition of the gut microbiome. Declines in gamma-glutamyl amino acids in feces may stem from differential expression of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in response to butyrate administration. Due to the signaling nature of amino acid-derived metabolites, these changes indicate changes in inflammation, e.g., histamine, and contribute to differences in systemic levels of neurotransmitters, e.g., γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. Butyrate treatment was able to restore some of the healthy metabolites in ALS mice. Moreover, microglia in the spinal cord were measured by IBA1 staining. Butyrate treatment significantly suppressed the IBA1 level in the SOD1G93A mice. Serum IL-17 and LPS were significantly reduced in the butyrate-treated SOD1G93A mice. We have demonstrated an inter-organ communications link among microbial metabolites, neuroactive metabolites from the gut, and inflammation in ALS progression. The study supports the potential to use metabolites as ALS hallmarks and for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny Ogbu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yongguo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Katerina Claud
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.S.)
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.S.)
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254
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Genge A, Chio A. The future of ALS diagnosis and staging: where do we go from here? Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2022; 24:165-174. [PMID: 36503299 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2022.2150555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare, progressive multi-system neurodegenerative disorder. Its clinical presentation varies considerably leading to delays in diagnosis, which has dire consequences in a disease where early intervention is key to optimize outcomes and limit care giver burden. There are a range of diagnostic criteria available to aid ALS diagnosis, as well staging methods to assess disease progression. However, they all suffer from inter-rater variability, complexity, and confusion in use. Such difficulties, when medical appointment times are limited and becoming more virtually based, have the potential to amplify uncertainty and errors in ALS diagnosis and prognosis. This review provides a clinical overview of the best way to balance the needs of evidence-based medicine and the patient. We focus on ALS diagnostic criteria and staging systems currently in use in clinical practice and explore factors that could enhance diagnostic efficiency and assessment of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Genge
- Clinical Research Unit, ALS Clinic, Montreal, Canada and
| | - Adriano Chio
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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255
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Role of Nrf2 in aging, Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101756. [PMID: 36243357 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Factor-Erythroid Factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that regulates the expression of large number of genes in healthy and disease states. Nrf2 is made up of 605 amino acids and contains 7 conserved regions known as Nrf2-ECH homology domains. Nrf2 regulates the expression of several key components of oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, autophagy and mitochondrial function in all organs of the human body, in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Mounting evidence also suggests that altered expression of Nrf2 is largely involved in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's diseases, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Stroke, Multiple sclerosis and others. The purpose of this article is to detail the essential role of Nrf2 in oxidative stress, antioxidative defense, detoxification, inflammatory responses, transcription factors, proteasomal and autophagic/mitophagic degradation, and metabolism in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This article also highlights the Nrf2 structural and functional activities in healthy and disease states, and also discusses the current status of Nrf2 research and therapeutic strategies to treat aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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256
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In FUS[1−359]‐tg mice O,S-dibenzoyl thiamine reduces muscle atrophy, decreases glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and normalizes the metabolome. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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257
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Li Z, Li D, Wu Y, Guo Y. Endothelin-1, over-expressed in SOD1G93A mice, aggravates injury of NSC34-hSOD1G93A cells through complicated molecular mechanism revealed by quantitative proteomics analysis. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1069617. [DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1069617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a secreted signaling peptide, is suggested to be involved in multiple actions in various tissues including the brain, but its role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unknown. In this study, we detected the expression changes as well as the cellular localization of ET-1, endothelin A (ET-A) and endothelin B (ET-B) receptors in spinal cord of transgenic SOD1-G93A (TgSOD1-G93A) mice, which showed that the two ET receptors (ET-Rs) expressed mainly on neurons and decreased as the disease progressed especially ET-B, while ET-1 expression was up-regulated and primarily localized on astrocytes. We then explored the possible mechanisms underlying the effect of ET-1 on cultured NSC34-hSOD1G93A cell model. ET-1 showed toxic effect on motor neurons (MNs), which can be rescued by the selective ET-A receptor antagonist BQ-123 or ET-B receptor antagonist BQ-788, suggesting that clinically used ET-Rs pan-antagonist could be a potential strategy for ALS. Using proteomic analysis, we revealed that 110 proteins were differentially expressed in NSC34-hSOD1G93A cells after ET-1 treatment, of which 54 were up-regulated and 56 were down-regulated. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were primarily enriched in hippo signaling pathway-multiple species, ABC transporters, ErbB signaling pathway and so on. These results provide further insights on the potential roles of ET-1 in ALS and present a new promising therapeutic target to protect MNs of ALS.
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258
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Barć K, Lulé D, Finsel J, Helczyk O, Baader S, Aho‐Özhan H, Ludolph AC, Kuźma‐Kozakiewicz M. Well-being on supportive techniques in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: from neurologists' perspective. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1874-1883. [PMID: 36448241 PMCID: PMC9735360 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate intercultural neurologists' perception of well-being in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using gastrostomy (PEG), non-invasive, and/or invasive ventilation (NIV/IV) and to analyse the determinants and impact on the management of the above medical interventions (MIs). METHODS The study was based on anonymous questionnaires addressing the clinical approach and personal attitude towards the use of PEG, NIV and IV in ALS patients completed by 465 neurologists: 228 from Germany and 237 from Poland. RESULTS The German and Polish neurologists estimated the quality of life in ALS patients using PEG and NIV as neutral, whilst low in individuals using IV. A regression model revealed an independent influence of palliative care training (PCT) and age on that attitude in the German group. Higher values of estimated patients' depressiveness on PEG, NIV and IV were found amongst the Polish neurologists. Marital status, experience in ALS and being a parent independently influenced the perception of patients' depressiveness in the German, whilst marital status, age and PCT were factors in the Polish group. Amongst German neurologists, a higher perception of patients' depressiveness in individuals using PEG, NIV and IV was linked to the later timing of the MIs discussion. In the Polish group, it was a lower estimation of QoL in patients using PEG. CONCLUSION Neurologists' perception of ALS patients' well-being on MIs reflects their demographic status, professional experience and potentially their cultural background. This perception plays an important role in the timing of MIs discussion, possibly influencing the decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Barć
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Clinical Centre of Medical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | | | - Julia Finsel
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Olga Helczyk
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | | | | | - Albert C. Ludolph
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of UlmUlmGermany,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Ulm siteUlmGermany
| | - Magdalena Kuźma‐Kozakiewicz
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland,Neurodegenerative Diseases Research GroupMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
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259
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The Role of Biomaterials in Treating Lou Gehrig’s Disease. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ans-131625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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260
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Macrophage-Targeted Sodium Chlorite (NP001) Slows Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) through Regulation of Microbial Translocation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112907. [PMID: 36428474 PMCID: PMC9687998 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous, progressive, and universally fatal neurodegenerative disease. A subset of ALS patients has measurable plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and C-reactive protein (CRP) consistent with low-grade microbial translocation (MT). Unless interrupted, MT sets up a self-perpetuating loop of inflammation associated with systemic macrophage activation. To test whether MT contributed to ALS progression, blood specimens from a phase 2 study of NP001 in ALS patients were evaluated for changes in activity in treated patients as compared to controls over the 6-month study. In this post hoc analysis, plasma specimens from baseline and six-month timepoints were analyzed. Compared with baseline values, biomarkers related to MT were significantly decreased (LPS, LPS binding protein (LBP), IL-18, Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), soluble CD163 (sCD163)) in NP001-treated patients as compared to controls, whereas wound healing and immunoregulatory factors were increased (IL-10, Epidermal growth factor (EGF), neopterin) by the end of study. These biomarker results linked to the positive clinical trial outcome confirm that regulation of macrophage activation may be an effective approach for the treatment of ALS and, potentially, other neuroinflammatory diseases related to MT.
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261
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Peng S, Chang W, Tian Y, Yang Y, Li S, Ni J, Zhu W. Herbal medicine and acupuncture relieved progressive bulbar palsy for more than 3 years: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31446. [PMID: 36397351 PMCID: PMC9666122 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Progressive bulbar palsy (PBP) is a type of motor neuron disease (MND). The main symptoms include dysarthria, dysphagia, tongue muscle atrophy and fasciculations. This disease is generally severe and develops rapidly. Due to the lack of effective treatment, many patients with MND in China turn to traditional Chinese medicine treatment for help. We successfully relieved dysphagia and sialorrhea in a patient with PBP for 3 years with herbal medicine and acupuncture. PATIENT CONCERNS The patient was a 68-years-old woman with PBP and suffered from severe dysphagia and sialorrhea. DIAGNOSES Progressive bulbar palsy. INTERVENTIONS Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture. OUTCOMES After 4 months of herbal medicine and acupuncture treatment, dysphagia and sialorrhea were relieved considerably. The patient's condition has been stable for more than 3 years and continues to be treated with Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture. LESSONS Our case suggests that alternative therapies such as herbal medicine and acupuncture may be effective in alleviating the symptoms of MND/PBP. However, standardized clinical studies are still required to verify the effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Peng
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqian Chang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yukun Tian
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohong Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Ni
- Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzeng Zhu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- * Correspondence: Wenzeng Zhu, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixian’ge, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China (e-mail: )
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262
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Sohn AL, Ping L, Glass JD, Seyfried NT, Hector EC, Muddiman DC. Interrogating the Metabolomic Profile of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Post-Mortem Human Brain by Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization (IR-MALDESI) Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI). Metabolites 2022; 12:1096. [PMID: 36355179 PMCID: PMC9696666 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an idiopathic, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor function with an average survival time of 2-5 years after diagnosis. Due to the lack of signature biomarkers and heterogenous disease phenotypes, a definitive diagnosis of ALS can be challenging. Comprehensive investigation of this disease is imperative to discovering unique features to expedite the diagnostic process and improve diagnostic accuracy. Here, we present untargeted metabolomics by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) for comparing sporadic ALS (sALS) and C9orf72 positive (C9Pos) post-mortem frontal cortex human brain tissues against a control cohort. The spatial distribution and relative abundance of metabolites were measured by infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) MSI for association to biological pathways. Proteomic studies on the same patients were completed via LC-MS/MS in a previous study, and results were integrated with imaging metabolomics results to enhance the breadth of molecular coverage. Utilizing METASPACE annotation platform and MSiPeakfinder, nearly 300 metabolites were identified across the sixteen samples, where 25 were identified as dysregulated between disease cohorts. The dysregulated metabolites were further examined for their relevance to alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. The dysregulated pathways discussed are consistent with reports from other ALS studies. To our knowledge, this work is the first of its kind, reporting on the investigation of ALS post-mortem human brain tissue analyzed by multiomic MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria L. Sohn
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lingyan Ping
- Goizueta Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Glass
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nicholas T. Seyfried
- Goizueta Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Emily C. Hector
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - David C. Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Dhakal B, Sapkota S, Parajuli A, Khadka B, Subedi B, Paudel R, Thapa R, Rimal S. A novel TFG variant of uncertain significance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A case report and review of literature. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 84:104840. [PMID: 36582889 PMCID: PMC9793128 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease with wide variation of genetics associated with it. Among the different genes described, mutation in TFG is a rare finding in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Case presentation A 35 years old right-handed male presenting with ipsilateral weakness was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. He was found to have missense variant of TFG with uncertain significance on exome sequencing. Clinical discussion The genetics involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is ever-evolving. The identification of new TFG variant in this disease adds another evidence to the role of TFG in neurodegenerative disease. Conclusions The finding of TFG variant of uncertain significance is a rare finding in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. And with the identification of new TFG variant, it leads to further understanding of spectrum of TFG and its pathophysiology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Dhakal
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health and Sciences, College of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal,Corresponding author. Nepalese Army Institute of Health and Sciences, 44600, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Sachin Sapkota
- Maulakalika Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Bharatpur-10, Chitwan, Nepal
| | | | - Bibek Khadka
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health and Sciences, College of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Binaya Subedi
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health and Sciences, College of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Raju Paudel
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health and Sciences, College of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rohit Thapa
- Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur-10, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Sabin Rimal
- Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur-10, Chitwan, Nepal
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264
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Hester K, Kirrane E, Anderson T, Kulikowski N, Simmons JE, Lehmann DM. Environmental exposure to metals and the development of tauopathies, synucleinopathies, and TDP-43 proteinopathies: A systematic evidence map protocol. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107528. [PMID: 36183491 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are incurable and expected to increase in prevalence in the upcoming decades. Environmental exposure to metals has been suggested as a contributing factor to the development of neurodegenerative disease. This systematic evidence map will identify and characterize the epidemiological and experimental data available on the intersection of eighteen metals of environmental concern (i.e., aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, palladium, radium, silver, vanadium, and zinc) and three neurodegenerative disease clusters (i.e., tauopathies, synucleinopathies, and TDP-43 proteinopathies). We aim to describe the type and amount of evidence available (or lack thereof) for each metal and neurodegenerative disease combination and highlight important knowledge gaps and knowledge clusters for future research. METHODS We will conduct a thorough search using two databases (MEDLINE and Web of Science Core Collection) and grey literature resources. Pre-defined criteria have been developed to identify studies which evaluate at least one of the selected metals and neurodegenerative disease-relevant outcomes (e.g., neuropathology, cognitive function, motor function, disease mortality). At each phase of review, studies will be evaluated by two reviewers. Studies determined to be relevant will be extracted for population, exposure, and outcome information. We will conduct a narrative review of the included studies, and the extracted data will be available in a database hosted on Tableau Public. CONCLUSION This protocol documents the decisions made a priori to data collection regarding these objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Hester
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Division, Integrated Health Assessment Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Ellen Kirrane
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Division, Integrated Health Assessment Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Timothy Anderson
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Division, Hazardous Pollutant Assessment & Systems Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Nichole Kulikowski
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Division, Integrated Health Assessment Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Jane Ellen Simmons
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Division, Integrated Health Assessment Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - David M Lehmann
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Division, Integrated Health Assessment Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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265
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Kaur K, Chen PC, Ko MW, Mei A, Chovatiya N, Huerta-Yepez S, Ni W, Mackay S, Zhou J, Maharaj D, Malarkannan S, Jewett A. The Potential Role of Cytotoxic Immune Effectors in Induction, Progression and Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Cells 2022; 11:3431. [PMID: 36359827 PMCID: PMC9656116 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an auto-immune neurodegenerative disorder affecting the motor-neuron system. The causes of ALS are heterogeneous, and are only partially understood. We studied different aspects of immune pathogenesis in ALS and found several basic mechanisms which are potentially involved in the disease. Our findings demonstrated that ALS patients' peripheral blood contains higher proportions of NK and B cells in comparison to healthy individuals. Significantly increased IFN-γ secretion by anti-CD3/28 mAbs-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were observed in ALS patients, suggesting that hyper-responsiveness of T cell compartment could be a potential mechanism for ALS progression. In addition, elevated granzyme B and perforin secretion at a single cell level, and increased cytotoxicity and secretion of IFN-γ by patients' NK cells under specific treatment conditions were also observed. Increased IFN-γ secretion by ALS patients' CD8+ T cells in the absence of IFN-γ receptor expression, and increased CD8+ T cell effector/memory phenotype as well as increased granzyme B at the single cell level points to the CD8+ T cells as potential cells in targeting motor neurons. Along with the hyper-responsiveness of cytotoxic immune cells, significantly higher levels of inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ was observed in peripheral blood-derived serum of ALS patients. Supernatants obtained from ALS patients' CD8+ T cells induced augmented cell death and differentiation of the epithelial cells. Weekly N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) infusion in patients decreased the levels of many inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood of ALS patient except IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17a and GMCSF which remained elevated. Findings of this study indicated that CD8+ T cells and NK cells are likely culprits in targeting motor neurons and therefore, strategies should be designed to decrease their function, and eliminate the aggressive nature of these cells. Analysis of genetic mutations in ALS patient in comparison to identical twin revealed a number of differences and similarities which may be important in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawaljit Kaur
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Po-Chun Chen
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Meng-Wei Ko
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ao Mei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Nishant Chovatiya
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Weiming Ni
- IsoPlexis, 35 North East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Sean Mackay
- IsoPlexis, 35 North East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- IsoPlexis, 35 North East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Dipanarine Maharaj
- South Florida Bone Marrow Stem Cell Transplant Institute, DBA Maharaj Institute of Immune Regenerative Medicine, 10301 Hagen Ranch Rd Ste. 600, Boynton Beach, FL 33437, USA
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Anahid Jewett
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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266
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Ruffo P, De Amicis F, Giardina E, Conforti FL. Long-noncoding RNAs as epigenetic regulators in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1243-1248. [PMID: 36453400 PMCID: PMC9838156 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.358615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing and rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technologies have allowed a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying gene expression regulation. Editing the epigenome and epitranscriptome directs the fate of the transcript influencing the functional outcome of each mRNA. In this context, non-coding RNAs play a decisive role in addressing the expression regulation at the gene and chromosomal levels. Long-noncoding RNAs, consisting of more than 200 nucleotides, have been shown to act as epigenetic regulators in several key molecular processes involving neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. Long-noncoding RNAs are abundantly expressed in the central nervous system, suggesting that their deregulation could trigger neuronal degeneration through RNA modifications. The evaluation of their diagnostic significance and therapeutic potential could lead to new treatments for these diseases for which there is no cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ruffo
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy,Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy,Correspondence to: Francesca Luisa Conforti, .
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267
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Zhou B, Wei J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Shan S, Ye S, Li B, Fan D, Luo Y. Different observation period of exercise training in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: A meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:986882. [DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.986882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of more intensive exercise training on the functional ability of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.MethodsRandomized controlled trials on exercise training in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and other databases, and meta-analysis was conducted using a fixed effect model or random effect model. Sensitivity analysis was used as a means to study heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 8 randomized controlled trials involving 330 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were included in this study. The results showed that there was statistical significance in the influence of more intensive exercise training on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale in the short term (0–4 months) and the medium term (5–8 months) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the effect of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised in the short term (0–4 months) or long term (9–12 months) (P ≥ 0.05). In the medium term (5–8 months), there was statistical significance (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in Forced vital capacity (FVC%) in the short term (0–4 months) (P > 0.05).ConclusionMore intensive exercise training may slow the decline in functional score of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, and more studies should be carried out in the future to verify the effect of more intensive exercise training in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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268
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Braun MM, Puglielli L. Defective PTEN-induced kinase 1/Parkin mediated mitophagy and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1031153. [PMID: 36339819 PMCID: PMC9630469 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1031153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective degradation of mitochondria through mitophagy is a crucial process for maintaining mitochondrial function and cellular health. Mitophagy is a specialized form of selective autophagy that uses unique machinery to recognize and target damaged mitochondria for mitophagosome- and lysosome-dependent degradation. This process is particularly important in cells with high metabolic activity like neurons, and the accumulation of defective mitochondria is a common feature among neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we describe essential steps involved in the induction and progression of mitophagy, and then highlight the various mechanisms that specifically contribute to defective mitophagy in highly prevalent neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Braun
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, WI, United States
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269
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Liu N, Lin MM, Wang Y. The Emerging Roles of E3 Ligases and DUBs in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 60:247-263. [PMID: 36260224 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite annual increases in the incidence and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, there is a lack of effective treatment strategies. An increasing number of E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have been observed to participate in the pathogenesis mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, on the basis of which we conducted a systematic literature review of the studies. This review will help to explore promising therapeutic targets from highly dynamic ubiquitination modification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Pharmacology College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao-Miao Lin
- Department of Pharmacology College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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270
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Pereira MDL, Levy M, Nissapatorn V, de Oliveira GLV. Editorial: Women in microbiome in health and disease 2021. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1054190. [PMID: 36304933 PMCID: PMC9593082 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1054190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- Centre for Research in Ceramics and Composite Materials (CICECO) - Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maayan Levy
- Microbiology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery [WUHeDD], Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Gislane Lelis Vilela de Oliveira, ; Veeranoot Nissapatorn,
| | - Gislane Lelis Vilela de Oliveira
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Gislane Lelis Vilela de Oliveira, ; Veeranoot Nissapatorn,
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271
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Bhargava A, Sandoval Castellanos AM, Shah S, Ning K. An insight into the iPSCs-derived two-dimensional culture and three-dimensional organoid models for neurodegenerative disorders. Interface Focus 2022; 12:20220040. [PMID: 35992771 PMCID: PMC9372641 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2022.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is a promising approach when used as models to study neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) in vitro. iPSCs have been used in in vitro two-dimensional cultures; however, these two-dimensional cultures do not mimic the physiological three-dimensional cellular environment. The use of iPSCs-derived three-dimensional organoids has risen as a powerful alternative to using animal models to study NDDs. These iPSCs-derived three-dimensional organoids can resemble the complexity of the tissue of interest, making it an approachable, cost-effective technique, to study NDDs in an ethical manner. Furthermore, the use of iPSCs-derived organoids will be an important tool to develop new therapeutics and pharmaceutics to treat NDDs. Herein, we will highlight how iPSCs-derived two-dimensional cultures and three-dimensional organoids have been used to study NDDs, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of both techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Bhargava
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Ana M. Sandoval Castellanos
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Sonali Shah
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Ke Ning
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
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272
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Reddy DS, Abeygunaratne HN. Experimental and Clinical Biomarkers for Progressive Evaluation of Neuropathology and Therapeutic Interventions for Acute and Chronic Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11734. [PMID: 36233034 PMCID: PMC9570151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes commonly used experimental and clinical biomarkers of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration for the evaluation of neuropathology and monitoring of therapeutic interventions. Biomarkers are vital for diagnostics of brain disease and therapeutic monitoring. A biomarker can be objectively measured and evaluated as a proxy indicator for the pathophysiological process or response to therapeutic interventions. There are complex hurdles in understanding the molecular pathophysiology of neurological disorders and the ability to diagnose them at initial stages. Novel biomarkers for neurological diseases may surpass these issues, especially for early identification of disease risk. Validated biomarkers can measure the severity and progression of both acute neuronal injury and chronic neurological diseases such as epilepsy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and other brain diseases. Biomarkers are deployed to study progression and response to treatment, including noninvasive imaging tools for both acute and chronic brain conditions. Neuronal biomarkers are classified into four core subtypes: blood-based, immunohistochemical-based, neuroimaging-based, and electrophysiological biomarkers. Neuronal conditions have progressive stages, such as acute injury, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and neurogenesis, which can serve as indices of pathological status. Biomarkers are critical for the targeted identification of specific molecules, cells, tissues, or proteins that dramatically alter throughout the progression of brain conditions. There has been tremendous progress with biomarkers in acute conditions and chronic diseases affecting the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Intercollegiate School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hasara Nethma Abeygunaratne
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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273
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Neel DV, Basu H, Gunner G, Chiu IM. Catching a killer: Mechanisms of programmed cell death and immune activation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Immunol Rev 2022; 311:130-150. [PMID: 35524757 PMCID: PMC9489610 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), execution of programmed cell death (PCD) is crucial for proper neurodevelopment. However, aberrant activation of these pathways in adult CNS leads to neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). How a cell dies is critical, as it can drive local immune activation and tissue damage. Classical apoptosis engages several mechanisms to evoke "immunologically silent" responses, whereas other forms of programmed death such as pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis release molecules that can potentiate immune responses and inflammation. In ALS, a fatal neuromuscular disorder marked by progressive death of lower and upper motor neurons, several cell types in the CNS express machinery for multiple PCD pathways. The specific cell types engaging PCD, and ultimate mechanisms by which neuronal death occurs in ALS are not well defined. Here, we provide an overview of different PCD pathways implicated in ALS. We also examine immune activation in ALS and differentiate apoptosis from necrotic mechanisms based on downstream immunological consequences. Lastly, we highlight therapeutic strategies that target cell death pathways in the treatment of neurodegeneration and inflammation in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan V Neel
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Himanish Basu
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georgia Gunner
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Lead contact
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274
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Biochemical Pathways of Cellular Mechanosensing/Mechanotransduction and Their Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases Pathogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193093. [PMID: 36231055 PMCID: PMC9563116 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we shed light on recent advances regarding the characterization of biochemical pathways of cellular mechanosensing and mechanotransduction with particular attention to their role in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. While the mechanistic components of these pathways are mostly uncovered today, the crosstalk between mechanical forces and soluble intracellular signaling is still not fully elucidated. Here, we recapitulate the general concepts of mechanobiology and the mechanisms that govern the mechanosensing and mechanotransduction processes, and we examine the crosstalk between mechanical stimuli and intracellular biochemical response, highlighting their effect on cellular organelles' homeostasis and dysfunction. In particular, we discuss the current knowledge about the translation of mechanosignaling into biochemical signaling, focusing on those diseases that encompass metabolic accumulation of mutant proteins and have as primary characteristics the formation of pathological intracellular aggregates, such as Alzheimer's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease. Overall, recent findings elucidate how mechanosensing and mechanotransduction pathways may be crucial to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases and emphasize the importance of these pathways for identifying potential therapeutic targets.
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275
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Protective role of IGF-1 and GLP-1 signaling activation in neurological dysfunctions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104896. [PMID: 36191807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a pleiotropic polypeptide, plays an essential role in CNS development and maturation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an endogenous incretin hormone that regulates blood glucose levels and fatty acid oxidation in the brain. GLP-1 also exhibits similar functions and growth factor-like properties to IGF-1, which is likely how it exerts its neuroprotective effects. Recent preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that IGF-1 and GLP-1, apart from regulating growth and development, prevent neuronal death mediated by amyloidogenesis, cerebral glucose deprivation, neuroinflammation and apoptosis through modulation of PI3/Akt kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK). IGF-1 resistance and GLP-1 deficiency impair protective cellular signaling mechanisms, contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Over the past decades, IGF-1 and GLP-1 have emerged as an essential component of the neuronal system and as potential therapeutic targets for several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric dysfunctions. There is substantial evidence that IGF-1 and GLP-1 analogues penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exhibit neuroprotective functions, including synaptic formation, neuronal plasticity, protein synthesis, and autophagy. Conclusively, this review represents the therapeutic potential of IGF-1 and GLP-1 signaling target activators in ameliorating neurological disorders.
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276
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Mitochondrial DNA Repair in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911391. [PMID: 36232693 PMCID: PMC9569545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the only organelles, along with the nucleus, that have their own DNA. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a double-stranded circular molecule of ~16.5 kbp that can exist in multiple copies within the organelle. Both strands are translated and encode for 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 13 proteins. mtDNA molecules are anchored to the inner mitochondrial membrane and, in association with proteins, form a structure called nucleoid, which exerts a structural and protective function. Indeed, mitochondria have evolved mechanisms necessary to protect their DNA from chemical and physical lesions such as DNA repair pathways similar to those present in the nucleus. However, there are mitochondria-specific mechanisms such as rapid mtDNA turnover, fission, fusion, and mitophagy. Nevertheless, mtDNA mutations may be abundant in somatic tissue due mainly to the proximity of the mtDNA to the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system and, consequently, to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during ATP production. In this review, we summarise the most common types of mtDNA lesions and mitochondria repair mechanisms. The second part of the review focuses on the physiological role of mtDNA damage in ageing and the effect of mtDNA mutations in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Considering the central role of mitochondria in maintaining cellular homeostasis, the analysis of mitochondrial function is a central point for developing personalised medicine.
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277
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Motor unit number index (MUNIX) in the D50 disease progression model reflects disease accumulation independently of disease aggressiveness in ALS. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15997. [PMID: 36163485 PMCID: PMC9512899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurophysiological technique motor unit number index (MUNIX) is increasingly used in clinical trials to measure loss of motor units. However, the heterogeneous disease course in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) obfuscates robust correlations between clinical status and electrophysiological assessments. To address this heterogeneity, MUNIX was applied in the D50 disease progression model by analyzing disease aggressiveness (D50) and accumulation (rD50 phase) in ALS separately. 237 ALS patients, 45 controls and 22 ALS-Mimics received MUNIX of abductor pollicis brevis (APB), abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. MUNIX significantly differed between controls and ALS patients and between ALS-Mimics and controls. Within the ALS cohort, significant differences between Phase I and II revealed in MUNIX, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and motor unit size index (MUSIX) of APB as well as in MUNIX and CMAP of TA. For the ADM, significant differences occurred later in CMAP and MUNIX between Phase II and III/IV. In contrast, there was no significant association between disease aggressiveness and MUNIX. In application of the D50 disease progression model, MUNIX can demonstrate disease accumulation already in early Phase I and evaluate effects of therapeutic interventions in future therapeutic trials independent of individual disease aggressiveness.
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278
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Ozturk R, Karlsson P, Hu X, Akdeniz E, Surucu S, Isak B. Stereological and electrophysiological evaluation of autonomic involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurophysiol Clin 2022; 52:446-458. [PMID: 36155704 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have identified autonomic dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using mostly neurophysiological techniques. In this study, stereological evaluation of autonomic fibers and sweat glands has been performed to identify structural evidence of autonomic denervation in patients with ALS. METHODS In this study, 29 ALS patients were compared to 29 controls using COMPASS-31 questionnaire, sympathetic skin response (SSR), and heart rate variability (HRV) at rest. From the same cohorts, 20 ALS patients and 15 controls were further evaluated using staining of autonomic nerve fibers and sweat glands in skin biopsies. SSR and resting HRV were repeated in the ALS patient cohort one year later. RESULTS COMPASS-31 total score, gastrointestinal- and urinary-sub scores were higher in ALS patients than controls (P = 0.004, P = 0.005, and P = 0.049, respectively). In the ALS patient cohort, SSR amplitudes in hands and feet were lower than in controls (P<0.0001 and P = 0.0009, respectively), but there was no difference in resting HRV (P>0.05). While there was no change in nerve fibers innervating sweat glands, their density was lower in ALS patients than controls, and semi-quantitative analysis also showed structural damage (P = 0.02 and P = 0.001, respectively). SSR and resting HRV of ALS patients remained stable during the one-year follow-up period (P>0.05). DISCUSSION Supporting abnormal neurophysiological tests, stereological analysis revealed direct evidence of autonomic denervation in ALS patients. However, the degenerative process in autonomic nerve fibers is relatively slow, compared to the rate of motor neuron degeneration in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustem Ozturk
- Department of Neurology, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Pall Karlsson
- Danish Pain Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esra Akdeniz
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Surucu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Isak
- Department of Neurology, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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279
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Stress induced TDP-43 mobility loss independent of stress granules. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5480. [PMID: 36123343 PMCID: PMC9485239 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is closely related to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and translocates to stress granules (SGs). The role of SGs as aggregation-promoting “crucibles” for TDP-43, however, is still under debate. We analyzed TDP-43 mobility and localization under different stress and recovery conditions using live cell single-molecule tracking and super-resolution microscopy. Besides reduced mobility within SGs, a stress induced decrease of TDP-43 mobility in the cytoplasm and the nucleus was observed. Stress removal led to a recovery of TDP-43 mobility, which strongly depended on the stress duration. ‘Stimulated-emission depletion microscopy’ (STED) and ‘tracking and localization microscopy’ (TALM) revealed not only TDP-43 substructures within stress granules but also numerous patches of slow TDP-43 species throughout the cytoplasm. This work provides insights into the aggregation of TDP-43 in living cells and provide evidence suggesting that TDP-43 oligomerization and aggregation takes place in the cytoplasm separate from SGs. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis related TDP-43 protein translocates to stress granules with a concomitant reduction in mobility. Here, the authors use single molecule tracking and find a stress-induced reduction in TDP-43 mobility also in the cytoplasm potentially relevant for TDP-43 aggregation.
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280
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Ghaffari LT, Trotti D, Haeusler AR, Jensen BK. Breakdown of the central synapses in C9orf72-linked ALS/FTD. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1005112. [PMID: 36187344 PMCID: PMC9523884 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1005112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease that leads to the death of motor and cortical neurons. The clinical manifestations of ALS are heterogenous, and efficacious treatments to significantly slow the progression of the disease are lacking. Cortical hyper-excitability is observed pre-symptomatically across disease-causative genetic variants, as well as in the early stages of sporadic ALS, and typically precedes motor neuron involvement and overt neurodegeneration. The causes of cortical hyper-excitability are not yet fully understood but is mainly agreed to be an early event. The identification of the nucleotide repeat expansion (GGGGCC)n in the C9ORF72 gene has provided evidence that ALS and another neurodegenerative disease, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), are part of a disease spectrum with common genetic origins. ALS and FTD are diseases in which synaptic dysfunction is reported throughout disease onset and stages of progression. It has become apparent that ALS/FTD-causative genes, such as C9ORF72, may have roles in maintaining the normal physiology of the synapse, as mutations in these genes often manifest in synaptic dysfunction. Here we review the dysfunctions of the central nervous system synapses associated with the nucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 observed in patients, organismal, and cellular models of ALS and FTD.
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281
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Fels JA, Dash J, Leslie K, Manfredi G, Kawamata H. Effects of
PB‐TURSO
on the transcriptional and metabolic landscape of sporadic
ALS
fibroblasts. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1551-1564. [PMID: 36083004 PMCID: PMC9539390 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Interpretation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A. Fels
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences 1300 York Ave New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Jalia Dash
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Kent Leslie
- Amylyx Pharmaceuticals 43 Thorndike Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02141 USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Hibiki Kawamata
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine 407 East 61st Street New York New York 10065 USA
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282
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Moore S, Rong P. Articulatory Underpinnings of Reduced Acoustic-Phonetic Contrasts in Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2022; 31:2022-2044. [PMID: 35973111 DOI: 10.1044/2022_ajslp-22-00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to identify the articulatory underpinnings of the acoustic-phonetic correlates of functional speech decline in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHOD Thirteen individuals with varying severities of speech impairment secondary to ALS and 10 neurologically healthy controls speakers read 12 minimal word pairs, targeting the contrasts in the height, advancement, and length of vowels; the manner and place of articulation for consonants and consonant cluster; and liquid and glide approximants, 5 times. Sixteen acoustic features were extracted to characterize the phonetic contrasts of these minimal word pairs. These acoustic features were correlated with a functional speech index-intelligible speaking rate-using penalized regression, based on which the contributive features were identified as the acoustic-phonetic correlates of the functional speech outcome. Articulatory contrasts of the minimal word pairs were characterized by a set of dissimilarity indices derived by the dynamic time warping algorithm, which measured the differences in the displacement and velocity trajectories of tongue tip, tongue dorsum, lower lip, and jaw between the minimal word pairs. The contributive articulatory features to the acoustic-phonetic correlates were identified by penalized regression. RESULTS A variety of acoustic-phonetic features were identified as contributing to the functional speech outcome, of which the contrasts in vowel height and advancement, [r]-[l], [r]-[w], and initial cluster-singleton were the most affected in individuals with ALS. Differential articulatory underpinnings were identified for these acoustic-phonetic features. Impairments of these articulatory underpinnings, especially of tongue tip and tongue dorsum velocities and tongue tip displacement, were associated with reduced acoustic-phonetic contrasts of the minimal word pairs, in a context-specific manner. CONCLUSION The findings established explanatory relationships between articulatory impairment and the acoustic-phonetic profile of functional speech decline in ALS, providing useful information for developing targeted management strategies to improve and prolong functional speech in individuals with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Moore
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences & Disorders, The University of Kansas, Lawrence
| | - Panying Rong
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences & Disorders, The University of Kansas, Lawrence
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283
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Marino C, Grimaldi M, Sommella EM, Ciaglia T, Santoro A, Buonocore M, Salviati E, Trojsi F, Polverino A, Sorrentino P, Sorrentino G, Campiglia P, D’Ursi AM. The Metabolomic Profile in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Changes According to the Progression of the Disease: An Exploratory Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090837. [PMID: 36144241 PMCID: PMC9504184 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative pathology of the upper or lower motor neuron. Evaluation of ALS progression is based on clinical outcomes considering the impairment of body sites. ALS has been extensively investigated in the pathogenetic mechanisms and the clinical profile; however, no molecular biomarkers are used as diagnostic criteria to establish the ALS pathological staging. Using the source-reconstructed magnetoencephalography (MEG) approach, we demonstrated that global brain hyperconnectivity is associated with early and advanced clinical ALS stages. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) spectroscopy, here we studied the metabolomic profile of ALS patients' sera characterized by different stages of disease progression-namely early and advanced. Multivariate statistical analysis of the data integrated with the network analysis indicates that metabolites related to energy deficit, abnormal concentrations of neurotoxic metabolites and metabolites related to neurotransmitter production are pathognomonic of ALS in the advanced stage. Furthermore, analysis of the lipidomic profile indicates that advanced ALS patients report significant alteration of phosphocholine (PCs), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPCs), and sphingomyelin (SMs) metabolism, consistent with the exigency of lipid remodeling to repair advanced neuronal degeneration and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Marino
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Manuela Grimaldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Eduardo Maria Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Tania Ciaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Angelo Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Michela Buonocore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Emanuela Salviati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Trojsi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Maggiore Salvatore Arena, Contrada San Benedetto, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Arianna Polverino
- Institute of Diagnosis and Treatment Hermitage Capodimonte, Cupa delle Tozzole, 2, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Giuseppe Sorrentino
- Institute of Diagnosis and Treatment Hermitage Capodimonte, Cupa delle Tozzole, 2, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton, 38, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Maria D’Ursi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089969748
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284
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Sen T, Thummer RP. CRISPR and iPSCs: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives in Neurodegenerative Disease Modelling, Research, and Therapeutics. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1597-1623. [PMID: 36044181 PMCID: PMC9428373 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are prominent causes of pain, suffering, and death worldwide. Traditional approaches modelling neurodegenerative diseases are deficient, and therefore, improved strategies that effectively recapitulate the pathophysiological conditions of neurodegenerative diseases are the need of the hour. The generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has transformed our ability to model neurodegenerative diseases in vitro and provide an unlimited source of cells (including desired neuronal cell types) for cell replacement therapy. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing has also been gaining popularity because of the flexibility they provide to generate and ablate disease phenotypes. In addition, the recent advancements in CRISPR/Cas9 technology enables researchers to seamlessly target and introduce precise modifications in the genomic DNA of different human cell lines, including iPSCs. CRISPR-iPSC-based disease modelling, therefore, allows scientists to recapitulate the pathological aspects of most neurodegenerative processes and investigate the role of pathological gene variants in healthy non-patient cell lines. This review outlines how iPSCs, CRISPR/Cas9, and CRISPR-iPSC-based approaches accelerate research on neurodegenerative diseases and take us closer to a cure for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirthankar Sen
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
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285
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Lastres-Becker I, de Lago E, Martínez A, Fernández-Ruiz J. New Statement about NRF2 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091200. [PMID: 36139039 PMCID: PMC9496161 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are related neurodegenerative disorders displaying substantial overlay, although there are substantial differences at the molecular level. Currently, there is no effective treatment for these diseases. The transcription factor NRF2 has been postulated as a promising therapeutic target as it is capable of modulating key pathogenic events affecting cellular homeostasis. However, there is little experimental evidence on the status of this pathway in both ALS and FTD. Therefore, in this work, we wanted to carry out an exhaustive analysis of this signaling pathway in both transgenic mouse models (ALS and FTD) and human samples from patients with sporadic ALS (sALS) versus controls. In samples from patients with sALS and in the transgenic model with overexpression of TDP-43A315T, we observed a significant increase in the NRF2/ARE pathway in the motor cortex and the spinal cord, indicating that NRF2 antioxidant signaling was being induced, but it was not enough to reach cellular homeostasis. On the other hand, in the transgenic FTD model with overexpression of the TDP-43WT protein in forebrain neurons, a significantly decreased expression of NQO1 in the prefrontal cortex was seen, which cannot be attributed to alterations in the NRF2 pathway. Our results show that NRF2 signature is differently affected for ALS and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Lastres-Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-5854449
| | - Eva de Lago
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC. Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Vilar MDDC, Coutinho KMD, Vale SHDL, Medeiros GCBS, Piuvezam G, Leite-Lais L, Brandao-Neto J. Nutritional therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064086. [PMID: 36008057 PMCID: PMC9422859 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterised by the degeneration of motor neurons. Nutritional interventions in ALS are essential and must be based on scientific evidence to provide quality of healthcare, improve the quality of life and increase survival time. Therefore, this protocol of systematic reviews and meta-analyses aims to present a synthesis of evidence-based recommendations to support adequate nutrition therapy for patients with ALS. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The search will be performed using the following databases: PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Scopus, SciELO, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ScienceDirect, ProQuest and Google Scholar. We will include clinical practice guidelines, treatment protocols, systematic reviews and clinical trials according to the three research questions to be answered related to nutrition therapy and interventions in patients with ALS. This protocol will be developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols. To evaluate the methodological quality of the studies, Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation II, Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 and Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools will be used. In addition, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation will be used to assess the quality of evidence and the strength of the recommendations. The findings will be summarised and presented descriptively according to the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook and the standard statistical meta-analysis techniques. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval and human consent are not required because this is a protocol for systematic review and only secondary data will be used. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. In case of any changes in this protocol, amendments will be updated in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) and the modifications will be explained in the final report of this review. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021233088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Dantas de Carvalho Vilar
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Karla Monica Dantas Coutinho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Sancha Helena de Lima Vale
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Gidyenne Christine Bandeira Silva Medeiros
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Laboratory (LabSys), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Piuvezam
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Laboratory (LabSys), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Lucia Leite-Lais
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jose Brandao-Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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287
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Autophagy-Mediated Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Sporadic ALS Patient iPSC-Derived Astrocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6483582. [PMID: 36046683 PMCID: PMC9423978 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6483582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Astrocytes can be involved in motor neuron toxicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) induced by noncell autonomous effects, and inflammatory cytokines may play the main role in mediating this process. However, the etiology of aberrant cytokine secretion is unclear. The present study assessed possible involvement of the mTOR-autophagy pathway in aberrant cytokine secretion by ALS patient iPSC-derived astrocytes. Method and Results. PBMCs from sporadic ALS patients and control subjects were reprogrammed into iPSCs, which were then differentiated into astrocytes and/or motor neurons. Comparison with control astrocytes indicated that conditioned medium of ALS astrocytes reduced the viability of the control motor neurons (
) assessed using the MTT assay. The results of ELISA showed that the concentrations of TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 in cell culture medium of ALS astrocytes were increased (
). ALS astrocytes had higher p62 and mTOR levels and lower LC3BII/LC3BI ratio and ULK1 and p-Beclin-1 (Ser15) levels (
), indicating defective autophagy. Exogenous inhibition of the mTOR-autophagy pathway, but not the activation of the pathway in control subject astrocytes, increased the levels of p62 and mTOR and concentration of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in cell culture medium and decreased the LC3BII/LC3BI ratio and levels of ULK1 and p-Beclin-1 (Ser15), and these changes were comparable to those in ALS astrocytes. After 48 h of rapamycin (autophagy activator) and 3-methyladenine (autophagy inhibitor) treatments, the exogenous activation of the mTOR-autophagy pathway, but not inhibition of the pathway, in ALS astrocytes significantly reduced the concentrations of TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 in cell culture medium and reduced the levels of p62, while increasing the levels of LC3B-II/LC3B-I, ULK1, and p-Beclin-1 (Ser15), and these changes were comparable to those in control subject astrocytes. Conclusion. Alteration in the mTOR/ULK1/Beclin-1 pathway regulated cytokine secretion in ALS astrocytes, which was able to lead to noncell autonomous toxicity. Autophagy activation mitigated cytokine secretion by ALS astrocytes.
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Poda A, Klevor R, Salym A, Sarih I, Salhi S, Nissrine L, Kissani N. Etiological profile of peripheral neuropathies in an academic hospital in southern Morocco. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022; 58:97. [PMID: 36033924 PMCID: PMC9391624 DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral neuropathies constitute a common complaint in general and neurology practice, and are a source of handicap to patients. Epidemiological data in the Middle East and North Africa region as well as in the African continent are sparse. Nevertheless, regional etiological profiles are crucial in navigating the diagnostic maze of neuropathies. This study outlines the etiological profile of peripheral neuropathies in an academic hospital in southern Morocco. Results A total of 180 cases were recorded in a span of 8 years (22.5 cases per year). The mean age of patients was 42.35 years. Male gender was predominant (68.88%), with a sex ratio of 2.2. Motor symptoms were the most frequently reported (86.6%). The axonal form (40.56%) was the most frequently encountered electrophysiologic form. The most frequent etiologies in the study were diabetes (26.7%), acute polyradiculoneuropathy (26.1%) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (16.1%). Alcohol neuropathy was found in 2.2% of the cohort. No cause was found in 5% of cases. Outcome was mostly favorable under treatment, although 10 deaths due to acute polyradiculoneuropathy were recorded (mortality = 21.3%). Conclusions Knowledge of the etiological profile of peripheral neuropathies should guide clinicians to an early diagnosis and aid in an adapted management of patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41983-022-00531-4.
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Antioxidant Therapeutic Strategies in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169328. [PMID: 36012599 PMCID: PMC9409201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinguishing pathogenic features of neurodegenerative diseases include mitochondrial dysfunction and derived reactive oxygen species generation. The neural tissue is highly sensitive to oxidative stress and this is a prominent factor in both chronic and acute neurodegeneration. Based on this, therapeutic strategies using antioxidant molecules towards redox equilibrium have been widely used for the treatment of several brain pathologies. Globally, polyphenols, carotenes and vitamins are among the most typical exogenous antioxidant agents that have been tested in neurodegeneration as adjunctive therapies. However, other types of antioxidants, including hormones, such as the widely used melatonin, are also considered neuroprotective agents and have been used in different neurodegenerative contexts. This review highlights the most relevant mitochondrial antioxidant targets in the main neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease and also in the less represented amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as traumatic brain injury, while summarizing the latest randomized placebo-controlled trials.
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290
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Synucleinopathy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Potential Avenue for Antisense Therapeutics? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169364. [PMID: 36012622 PMCID: PMC9409035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease classified as both a neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorder. With a complex aetiology and no current cure for ALS, broadening the understanding of disease pathology and therapeutic avenues is required to progress with patient care. Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is a hallmark for disease in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and multiple system atrophy. A growing body of evidence now suggests that αSyn may also play a pathological role in ALS, with αSyn-positive Lewy bodies co-aggregating alongside known ALS pathogenic proteins, such as SOD1 and TDP-43. This review endeavours to capture the scope of literature regarding the aetiology and development of ALS and its commonalities with "synucleinopathy disorders". We will discuss the involvement of αSyn in ALS and motor neuron disease pathology, and the current theories and strategies for therapeutics in ALS treatment, as well as those targeting αSyn for synucleinopathies, with a core focus on small molecule RNA technologies.
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291
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Li Z, Liu X, Liu M. Stress Granule Homeostasis, Aberrant Phase Transition, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2356-2370. [PMID: 35905138 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. In recent years, a large number of ALS-related mutations have been discovered to have a strong link to stress granules (SGs). SGs are cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein condensates mediated by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biomacromolecules. They help cells cope with stress. The normal physiological functions of SGs are dependent on three key aspects of SG "homeostasis": SG assembly, disassembly, and SG components. Any of these three aspects can be disrupted, resulting in abnormalities in the cellular stress response and leading to cytotoxicity. Several ALS-related pathogenic mutants have abnormal LLPS abilities that disrupt SG homeostasis, and some of them can even cause aberrant phase transitions. As a result, ALS-related mutants may disrupt various aspects of SG homeostasis by directly disturbing the intermolecular interactions or affecting core SG components, thus disrupting the phase equilibrium of the cytoplasm during stress. Considering that the importance of the "global view" of SG homeostasis in ALS pathogenesis has not received enough attention, we first systematically summarize the physiological regulatory mechanism of SG homeostasis based on LLPS and then examine ALS pathogenesis from the perspective of disrupted SG homeostasis and aberrant phase transition of biomacromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxu Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xionghao Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Mujun Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
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292
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Exposure to static magnetic field facilitates selective attention and neuroplasticity in rats. Brain Res Bull 2022; 189:111-120. [PMID: 35987295 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Static magnetic fields (SMF) have neuroprotective and behavioral effects in rats, however, little is known about the effects of SMF on cognition, motor function and the underlying neurochemical mechanisms. In this study, we focused on the effects of short-term (5~10d) and long-term (13~38d) SMF exposure on selective attention and motor coordination of rats, as well as associated alterations in expression level of neuroplasticity-related structural proteins and cryptochrome (CRY1) protein in the cortex, striatum and ventral midbrain. The results showed that 6 d SMF exposure significantly enhanced selective attention without affecting locomotor activity in open field. All SMF exposures non-significantly enhanced motor coordination (Rotarod test). Neurochemical analysis demonstrated that 5d SMF exposure increased the expression of cortical and striatal CRY1 and synapsin-1 (SYN1), striatal total synapsins (SYN), and synaptophysin (SYP), growth associated protein-43 (GAP43) and post-synaptic density protein-95 (PSD95) in the ventral midbrain. Exposure to SMF for 14d increased PSD95 level in the ventral midbrain while longer SMF exposure elevated the levels of PSD95 in the cortex, SYN and SYN1 in all the examined brain areas. The increased expression of cortical and striatal CRY1and SYN1 correlated with the short-lasting effect of SMF on improving selective attention. Collectively, SMF's effect on selective attention attenuated following longer exposure to SMF whereas its effects on neuroplasticity-related structural biomarkers were time- and brain area-dependent, with some protein levels increasing with longer time exposure. These findings suggest a potential use of SMF for treatment of neurological diseases in which selective attention or neuroplasticity is impaired.
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293
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Quantitative muscle ultrasound assessment using automatic thresholding methods in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 142:236-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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294
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Strnadel J, Dumortier HM, Hajduchova D, Zahumenska R, Nosal V, Smolar M, Marcinek J, Kalman M, Mersakova S, Brany D, Juhas S, Juhasova J, Studenovska H, Mitruskova B, Suroviakova S, Novakova S, Skovierova H, Kurca E, Pecova R, Plank L, Halasova E. In vitro modeling of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with induced pluripotent stem cell technology-derived cell line ORIONi002-A. Stem Cell Res 2022; 63:102870. [PMID: 35907349 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here a new iPS cell line for modeling sporadic form of ALS. Cell line was generated by reprogramming skin fibroblasts isolated with explant culture technology from skin biopsy, donated by ALS patient. For reprogramming, polycistronic self-replicating RNA vector was used and derived iPS cells were characterized by immunocytochemistry and FACS (pluripotent factors expression), karyotyping, STR fingerprinting analysis and in vitro differentiation assay. New cell line showed normal (46, XY) karyotype and differentiated in vitro into cells from three germ layers. STR analysis proved the origin and originality of the cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Strnadel
- Biomedical Centre Martin JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Hugo M Dumortier
- Biomedical Centre Martin JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Hajduchova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Romana Zahumenska
- Biomedical Centre Martin JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Nosal
- Clinic of Neurology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Smolar
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Center, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Marcinek
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Michal Kalman
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Sandra Mersakova
- Biomedical Centre Martin JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Brany
- Biomedical Centre Martin JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stefan Juhas
- PIGMOD Centre, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Juhasova
- PIGMOD Centre, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Studenovska
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioanalogous Systems Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Mitruskova
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Stanislava Suroviakova
- Clinic of Children and Adolescents, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Slavomira Novakova
- Biomedical Centre Martin JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Skovierova
- Biomedical Centre Martin JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Egon Kurca
- Clinic of Neurology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Renata Pecova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Plank
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erika Halasova
- Biomedical Centre Martin JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
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295
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Zampatti S, Peconi C, Campopiano R, Gambardella S, Caltagirone C, Giardina E. C9orf72-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Clinical Diagnosis to Therapeutic Strategies. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:907122. [PMID: 35754952 PMCID: PMC9226392 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.907122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexanucleotide expansion in C9orf72 has been related to several phenotypes to date, complicating the clinical recognition of these neurodegenerative disorders. An early diagnosis can improve the management of patients, promoting early administration of therapeutic supportive strategies. Here, we report known clinical presentations of C9orf72-related neurodegenerative disorders, pointing out suggestive phenotypes that can benefit the genetic characterization of patients. Considering the high variability of C9orf72-related disorder, frequent and rare manifestations are described, with detailed clinical, instrumental evaluation, and supportive therapeutical approaches. Furthermore, to improve the understanding of molecular pathways of the disease and potential therapeutical targets, a detailed description of the cellular mechanisms related to the pathological effect of C9orf72 is reported. New promising therapeutical strategies and ongoing studies are reported highlighting their molecular role in cellular pathological pathways of C9orf72. These therapeutic approaches are particularly promising because they seem to stop the disease before neuronal damage. The knowledge of clinical and molecular features of C9orf72-related neurodegenerative disorders improves the therapeutical application of known strategies and will lay the basis for the development of new potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Zampatti
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Peconi
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Gambardella
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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296
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Zhao J, Wang X, Huo Z, Chen Y, Liu J, Zhao Z, Meng F, Su Q, Bao W, Zhang L, Wen S, Wang X, Liu H, Zhou S. The Impact of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132049. [PMID: 35805131 PMCID: PMC9265651 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and highly fatal neurodegenerative disease. Although the pathogenesis of ALS remains unclear, increasing evidence suggests that a key contributing factor is mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are organelles in eukaryotic cells responsible for bioenergy production, cellular metabolism, signal transduction, calcium homeostasis, and immune responses and the stability of their function plays a crucial role in neurons. A single disorder or defect in mitochondrial function can lead to pathological changes in cells, such as an impaired calcium buffer period, excessive generation of free radicals, increased mitochondrial membrane permeability, and oxidative stress (OS). Recent research has also shown that these mitochondrial dysfunctions are also associated with pathological changes in ALS and are believed to be commonly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. This article reviews the latest research on mitochondrial dysfunction and its impact on the progression of ALS, with specific attention to the potential of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Zijun Huo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Jinmeng Liu
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhenhan Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Fandi Meng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Qi Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Weiwei Bao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.M.); (Q.S.); (W.B.)
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Shuang Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261061, China;
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Huancai Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261061, China;
- Correspondence: (H.L.); or (S.Z.)
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (H.L.); or (S.Z.)
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297
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Esselin F, De la Cruz E, Hirtz C, Tiers L, Alphandery S, Baudesson L, Taieb G, Camu W, Lehmann S. Repeated neurofilament light chain measurements did not capture Riluzole therapeutic effect in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1532-1538. [PMID: 35751632 PMCID: PMC9437233 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the influence of Riluzole on serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels, a biomarker of prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and variations with time of sNfL concentrations are controversial. Methods Sera from ALS patients (n = 141) and controls (n = 33) were collected at inclusion (sNfL1) and second visit (sNfL2, mean delay 10.4 ± 8.7 months). sNfL levels, determined by single‐molecule array, were compared between ALS and controls at both time points. sNfL concentration changes were compared between patients with Riluzole (w/Ril) at inclusion in the study and those who were treated by Riluzole following inclusion (w/o Ril). The factors influencing sNfL concentrations and changes were studied using linear regression and multivariate analysis. Results sNfL levels were higher in ALS patients than in controls at the two time points (p < 0.00001). In ALS patients, sNfL concentrations were higher in females for both sNfL1 (p = 0.014) and sNfL2 (p < 0.001). In the whole ALS group, sNfL levels were higher at sNfL2 than at sNfL1 (p < 0.001). sNfL1 and sNfL2 concentrations were similar between the two ALS subgroups (w/ and w/o Ril). ALS functional rating scale‐revised rate of decline and gender were the two main factors significantly influencing both sNfL1 and sNfL2 levels (p < 0.01). However, only gender was shown to significantly influence sNfL changes with time (p = 0.003). Conclusions In this study, sNfL levels increased with time in ALS patients and there was no difference between subjects already treated by Riluzole and those treated after sNfL1. Further studies with larger population samples and different sampling intervals are warranted to better determine the real potential of sNfL measurement as a tool to monitor treatment response in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Esselin
- Explorations neurologiques et centre SLA, Univ Montpellier, CHU Gui de Chauliac, INM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Elisa De la Cruz
- Explorations neurologiques et centre SLA, Univ Montpellier, CHU Gui de Chauliac, INM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- LBPC-PPC, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, INM Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Tiers
- LBPC-PPC, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, INM Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Alphandery
- Explorations neurologiques et centre SLA, Univ Montpellier, CHU Gui de Chauliac, INM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Léandra Baudesson
- Explorations neurologiques et centre SLA, Univ Montpellier, CHU Gui de Chauliac, INM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Taieb
- Explorations neurologiques et centre SLA, Univ Montpellier, CHU Gui de Chauliac, INM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - William Camu
- Explorations neurologiques et centre SLA, Univ Montpellier, CHU Gui de Chauliac, INM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- LBPC-PPC, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, INM Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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298
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A strong association between VEGF-A rs28357093 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a brazilian genetic study. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9129-9133. [PMID: 35733060 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons and promotes progressive muscle atrophy. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) plays multiple roles in the central nervous systems (CNS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) VEGF-A rs28357093 and ALS. METHODS AND RESULTS This case-control study was conducted in 101 ALS patients and 119 healthy individuals. Genotyping was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The statistical analysis was carried out using the RStudio® and SNPStats© software's. Analysis of genetic inheritance models was performed by logistic regression. Our findings demonstrated a strong association between VEGF- A rs28357093 and ALS in all genetic inheritance models, with a 9-fold increased risk for A/C - C/C genotypes (95%CI = 3.70-21.88; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The mutant allele was more frequent in ALS patients (p < 0.001) and this finding could be associated with ALS risk. This first study from the Brazilian central population was conducted to provide new insight into the pathogenesis of ALS.
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299
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Multiple roles for the cytoskeleton in ALS. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114143. [PMID: 35714755 PMCID: PMC10163623 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by more than sixty genes identified through classic linkage analysis and new sequencing methods. Yet no clear mechanism of onset, cure, or effective treatment is known. Popular discourse classifies the proteins encoded from ALS-related genes into four disrupted processes: proteostasis, mitochondrial function and ROS, nucleic acid regulation, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Surprisingly, the mechanisms detailing the contribution of the neuronal cytoskeletal in ALS are the least explored, despite involvement in these cell processes. Eight genes directly regulate properties of cytoskeleton function and are essential for the health and survival of motor neurons, including: TUBA4A, SPAST, KIF5A, DCTN1, NF, PRPH, ALS2, and PFN1. Here we review the properties and studies exploring the contribution of each of these genes to ALS.
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Rahmani B, Ghashghayi E, Zendehdel M, Baghbanzadeh A, Khodadadi M. Molecular mechanisms highlighting the potential role of COVID-19 in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Physiol Int 2022; 109:135-162. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.2022.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In addition to the pulmonary manifestations, COVID-19 patients may present a wide range of neurological disorders as extrapulmonary presentations. In this view, several studies have recently documented the worsening of neurological symptoms within COVID-19 morbidity in patients previously diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Moreover, several cases have also been reported in which the patients presented parkinsonian features after initial COVID-19 symptoms. These data raise a major concern about the possibility of communication between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the initiation and/or worsening of NDs. In this review, we have collected compelling evidence suggesting SARS-CoV-2, as an environmental factor, may be capable of developing NDs. In this respect, the possible links between SARS-CoV-2 infection and molecular pathways related to most NDs and the pathophysiological mechanisms of the NDs such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis will be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Rahmani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Ghashghayi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Baghbanzadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Khodadadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
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