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Rashid-Kolvear F, Taboski MAS, Nguyen J, Wang DY, Harrington LA, Done SJ. Troglitazone suppresses telomerase activity independently of PPARgamma in estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:390. [PMID: 20650001 PMCID: PMC2915983 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one the highest causes of female cancer death worldwide. Many standard chemotherapeutic agents currently used to treat breast cancer are relatively non-specific and act on all rapidly dividing cells. In recent years, more specific targeted therapies have been introduced. It is known that telomerase is active in over 90% of breast cancer tumors but inactive in adjacent normal tissues. The prevalence of active telomerase in breast cancer patients makes telomerase an attractive therapeutic target. Recent evidence suggests that telomerase activity can be suppressed by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). However, its effect on telomerase regulation in breast cancer has not been investigated. Methods In this study, we investigated the effect of the PPARγ ligand, troglitazone, on telomerase activity in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Real time RT-PCR and telomerase activity assays were used to evaluate the effect of troglitazone. MDA-MB-231 cells had PPARγ expression silenced using shRNA interference. Results We demonstrated that troglitazone reduced the mRNA expression of hTERT and telomerase activity in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Troglitazone reduced telomerase activity even in the absence of PPARγ. In agreement with this result, we found no correlation between PPARγ and hTERT mRNA transcript levels in breast cancer patients. Statistical significance was determined using Pearson correlation and the paired Student's t test. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first time that the effect of troglitazone on telomerase activity in breast cancer cells has been investigated. Our data suggest that troglitazone may be used as an anti-telomerase agent; however, the mechanism underlying this inhibitory effect remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Rashid-Kolvear
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hildenbrand R, Allgayer H, Marx A, Stroebel P. Modulators of the urokinase-type plasminogen activation system for cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19:641-52. [PMID: 20402599 DOI: 10.1517/13543781003767400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor uPAR as well as two specific inhibitors, the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) and type-2 (PAI-2), are involved in the control of extracellular matrix turnover and tumor growth. Data accumulating over the past 20 years have made increasingly clear that the uPA system has a multifunctional role in neoplastic evolution, affecting cancer cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, adhesion and migration. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Several therapeutic strategies inhibiting the uPA system have been or are currently being developed for suppression of tumor growth. This review examines the role of the uPA system in tumor progression and assesses the various therapeutic strategies developed to selectively exploit this system. WHAT WILL THE READER GAIN We focus on the therapeutic developments of the last 15 years. In addition to antibodies and recombinant uPA- or uPAR-derived proteins, various antagonistic peptides as well as small molecules have been designed and synthesized that inhibit the uPA system, leading to reduced tumor progression. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The multifunctional potential of the uPA system in cancer has rendered this system an attractive novel target for anticancer therapy. A few novel tumor biology-based therapeutic strategies reported here, opening new ways for patient-optimized and individualized cancer therapy. It may be the right time to evaluate the hypothesis that the uPA system plays a pivotal role in cancer progression and that targeting this system will lead to clinical benefit in cancer patients.
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Aberrant maspin expression is involved in early carcinogenesis of gallbladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2010; 31:471-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Reagan-Shaw S, Eggert D, Mukhtar H, Ahmad N. Antiproliferative Effects of Apple Peel Extract Against Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:517-24. [DOI: 10.1080/01635580903441253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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255
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Jang S, Lim C, Jang J, Kwon K. Anti-metastatic mechanism of mountain cultivated wild ginseng in human cancer cell line. J Pharmacopuncture 2010. [DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2010.13.1.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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256
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Nam E, Park C. Maspin suppresses survival of lung cancer cells through modulation of Akt pathway. Cancer Res Treat 2010; 42:42-7. [PMID: 20369051 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2010.42.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Maspin is a tumor suppressor protein that has been reported to stimulate the cell death of cancer and inhibit the metastasis of cancer. The present study aimed to explore the survival pathway by which maspin modulates the resistance of human lung cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, and the consequences of maspin gene therapy in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS NCI-H157 and A549 cells were transfected with either a mock vector (pCMVTaq4C), maspin (pCMV-maspin), siControl or siMaspin. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to study the expressions of survival proteins in lung cancer. cDNA microarray analysis was carried out to compare the maspin-modulated gene expression between the xenograft tumors derived from the lung cancer cells that were stably transfected with pCMVTaq4C or pCMV-maspin. Maspin gene therapy was performed by intra-tumoral injections of pCMVTaq4C or pCMV-maspin into the pre-established subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. RESULTS Maspin significantly decreased the survival to doxorubicin and etoposide, whereas did not affect the survival to cisplatin in the NCI-H157 cells. Interestingly, transfection with a maspin plasmid resulted in a significant reduction of the phosphorylation of Akt in the NCI-H157 cells, whereas knockdown of maspin increased the phosphorylation of Akt in the A549 cells. Microarray analysis of the xenograft tumors revealed a specific gene expression profile, demonstrating that maspin is associated with the differential expressions of PTEN and IGF2R. Direct transfer of pCMV-maspin into the tumor significantly retarded the tumor growth in the animal experiments (p=0.0048). CONCLUSION Lung cancer cells lacking maspin could be resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin or etoposide, at least in part by maintaining Akt phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsook Nam
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bircan A, Bircan S, Kapucuoglu N, Songur N, Ozturk O, Akkaya A. Maspin, VEGF and p53 expression in small biopsies of primary advanced lung cancer and relationship with clinicopathologic parameters. Pathol Oncol Res 2010; 16:553-61. [PMID: 20349288 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-010-9259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Maspin, one of the serine protease inhibitors, has been shown to inhibit tumor progression and metastasis. We aimed to investigate maspin, p53 and VEGF expression in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma (AC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). The study included 28 SCC, 18AC, 17 SCLC biopsy samples. We used the streptavidin biotin immunoperoxidase method to test for maspin, p53 and VEGF antibodies. Medical records of these patients were reviewed from archival files. Cytoplasmic maspin expression was detected in 89.3%, 77.8%, 52.9% of SCC, AC and SCLC, respectively. The rate was significantly higher in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and SCC than SCLC (p = 0.013, p = 0.021, respectively). The mean percentages of maspin expression were significantly higher in NSCLC, SCC and AC than in SCLC (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001, p = 0.038, respectively). In ACs, maspin and p53 expressions were correlated, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.053, r = 0.464), and maspin positive cases had a significantly higher T status compared to negative cases (p = 0.036). In SCC, the stage of disease was positively correlated with p53 (p = 0.007, r = 0.536) and negatively correlated with VEGF expression (p = 0.013, r = -0.498). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that stage of disease was a significant independent prognostic parameter in NSCLC (95% confidence interval: 1.067-3.969; p = 0.031). Although maspin expression is higher in SCC and AC, and is related with higher T status in AC, our data did not indicate its prognostic significance. Larger scale studies are needed to reveal the exact role of maspin in lung cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Bircan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Cunur, Isparta, Turkey.
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Adim SB, Filiz G, Kanat O, Yerci O, Ozguc H, Aytac B. Maspin expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. World J Surg Oncol 2010; 8:22. [PMID: 20346150 PMCID: PMC2853543 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-8-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the role of maspin expression in the progression of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and its value as a prognostic indicator. Methods In the study 54 patients with GIST diagnosis were included in Uludag University of Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology between 1997-2007. The expression of maspin in 54 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor was detected by immunohistochemistry and compared with the clinicopathologic tumor parameters. Results The positive expression rates for maspin in the GISTs were 66,6% (36 of 54 cases). Maspin overexpression was detected in 9 of 29 high risk tumors (31%) and was significantly higher in very low/low (78.6%) and intermediate-risk tumors (63.6%) than high-risk tumors. Conclusions Maspin expression might be an important factor in tumor progression and patient prognosis in GIST. In the future, larger series may be studied to examine the prognostic significance of maspin in GISTs and, of course, maspin expression may be studied in different mesenchymal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saduman Balaban Adim
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Gorukle, Bursa, 16059, Turkey.
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259
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Juengel E, Beecken WDC, Mundiyanapurath S, Engl T, Jonas D, Blaheta RA. Maspin modulates adhesion of bladder carcinoma cells to vascular endothelium. World J Urol 2010; 28:465-71. [PMID: 20336301 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-010-0539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Maspin belongs to the serpin family and has been shown to suppress tumor growth and metastasis in several tumor types. The role of maspin in bladder carcinoma has not been fully elucidated, and the object of this study was to investigate whether maspin contributes to bladder tumor adhesion to vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC). METHODS Expression of maspin-coding mRNA was evaluated in a panel of bladder carcinoma cell lines. Maspin distribution in maspin mRNA(high) versus maspin mRNA(low) cells was further analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Adhesion to HUVEC was measured in a coculture model and correlated with the surface-bound maspin. RESULTS Maspin(high) (RT-4, RT-112) cell lines strongly attached to HUVEC, whereas maspin(low) (UMUC-3, MGH-U1) cell lines poorly adhered to HUVEC. Distinct cytoplasmic maspin accumulation and moderate surface-bound maspin was found in RT-4 cells. Blocking maspin surface receptors prevented tumor cell attachment to HUVEC, indicating that surface-bound maspin is responsible for triggering cell adhesion. PMA-triggered elevation of surface-bound maspin was accompanied by an enhanced adhesion capacity of RT-4 cells, compared to controls. Finally, exposing the bladder carcinoma cells to the differentiation-inducing agent valproic acid led to a surface-bound (but not cytoplasmic) maspin decrease, paralleled by a significant reduction in tumor cell binding to HUVEC. CONCLUSION Surface-bound maspin directly controls bladder carcinoma cell adhesion to the vascular wall. Blocking this process may prevent transendothelial migration and tumor cell dissemination. Therefore, therapeutic down-regulation of surface-bound maspin might become an option to prevent tumor spread into distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Juengel
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Zentrum der Chirurgie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitätsklinik, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Märkl B, Arnholdt HM, Jähnig H, Schenkirsch G, Herrmann RA, Haude K, Spatz H, Anthuber M, Schlimok G, Oruzio D. Shift from cytoplasmic to nuclear maspin expression correlates with shorter overall survival in node-negative colorectal cancer. Hum Pathol 2010; 41:1024-33. [PMID: 20334895 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Maspin has been characterized as a potent tumor suppressor in many in vitro and in vivo studies. In contrast, in stage III colon cancer, an association with shorter overall survival as well as sensitivity to chemotherapy was found for cases with nuclear maspin expression. Because 20% of node-negative colorectal cancer cases show a fatal clinical course, we hypothesized that immunohistochemical maspin expression could be of help to identify higher-risk cases. Therefore, we analyzed survival in a study employing 156 cases of stage I/II colorectal cases. Immunohistochemical cytoplasmic and/or nuclear maspin expression was found in 72% and 48% of the cases, respectively. Significant correlations between cytoplasmic expression and high tumor grade (P < .01) and between nuclear expression and tumor budding (P < .001) were shown. No differences concerning overall survival and immunohistochemical maspin expression were found when the complete collective was analyzed. However, evaluation of the pT3 cases revealed a highly significant worse mean overall survival of cases with a combination of nuclear expression and cytoplasmic loss of maspin compared to cases with the opposite expression pattern nuclear loss and cytoplasmic expression (mean overall survival 40 versus 63 months, respectively; P < .001). The other possible combinations (complete positive and complete negative) showed intermediate mean overall survival times with 54 and 49 months, respectively. Our findings suggest a compartment-dependent function of maspin in colorectal cancer, which can be useful in identifying stage II cases with a higher risk for fatal outcome with a possible benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Märkl
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg 86156, Germany.
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261
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Bitisik O, Saip P, Saglam S, Derin D, Dalay N. Mammaglobin and maspin transcripts in blood may reflect disease progression and the effect of therapy in breast cancer. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2010; 9:97-106. [PMID: 20092039 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-1gmr649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Detection of residual tumor cells in the circulation can provide prognostic as well as therapeutic information and help in identifying patients at high risk for developing metastases. Maspin and mammaglobin are two molecules that are specifically associated with breast cancer. We looked for mammaglobin and maspin transcripts in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer and evaluated their utility as a marker of the response to therapy. Maspin and mammaglobin transcripts were analyzed in 85 breast-cancer patients by nested RT-PCR, prior to and after treatment. Before therapy, 10 patients were found positive for mammaglobin and 20 patients were positive for maspin. In four patients, both transcripts were detected. Immediately following treatment, only one patient was still positive for mammaglobin while maspin transcripts persisted in three patients. Disease progression was observed mainly in patients in whom maspin transcripts were not detectable. Molecular detection of circulating tumor cells during therapy based on analysis for mammaglobin and maspin transcripts is an easy and practical method that can be applied to follow-up patients. We suggest that detection of mammaglobin mRNA is useful to determine the effect of therapy while maspin transcripts may indicate more aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bitisik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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262
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Interaction of testisin with maspin and its impact on invasion and cell death resistance of cervical cancer cells. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:1469-75. [PMID: 20211623 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that testisin promotes malignant transformation in cancer cells. To define the mechanism of testisin-induced carcinogenesis, we performed yeast two-hybrid analysis and identified maspin, a tumor suppressor protein, as a testisin-interacting molecule. The direct interaction and cytoplasmic co-localization of testisin with maspin was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and confocal analysis, respectively. In cervical cancer cells, maspin modulated cell death and invasion; however, these effects were inhibited by testisin in parallel experiments. Of interest, the doxorubicin resistance was dramatically reduced by testisin knockdown (P=0.016). Moreover, testisin was found to be over-expressed in cervical cancer samples as compared to matched normal cervical tissues. Thus, we postulate that testisin may promote carcinogenesis by inhibiting tumor suppressor activity of maspin.
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263
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Ben Shachar B, Feldstein O, Hacohen D, Ginsberg D. The Tumor Suppressor Maspin Mediates E2F1-Induced Sensitivity of Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:363-72. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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264
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Vered M, Allon I, Buchner A, Dayan D. Is maspin immunolocalization a tool to differentiate central low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma from glandular odontogenic cyst? Acta Histochem 2010; 112:161-8. [PMID: 19428058 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the salivary glands has a low-grade variant (LGMEC), which may be found within the jawbones. LGMEC shares a number of histopathological similarities with glandular odontogenic cysts (GOC) of the jawbones. Maspin has been identified in several benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms. We investigated the immunolocalization of maspin in LGMEC and GOC and evaluated its potential to distinguish between these two entities. Cases of LGMEC (n=6), GOC (n=8) and various odontogenic cysts with marked mucous metaplasia (OCMM, n=7), which served as controls, were immunohistochemically labeled for the binding of an antibody directed against maspin. Immunomorphometry was performed separately for maspin-immunopositive epithelial cells and epithelial-mucous cells in either their nuclear or cytoplasmic compartments. Results were presented as the volume fraction (Vv) of each element. The Vv of the maspin-immunopositive epithelial-mucous cytoplasm and nuclei was significantly higher in LGMEC than in GOC and OCMM (p<0.001 and p=0.026, respectively). In the epithelial cells, no significant differences were observed among the lesions (p>0.05). It is suggested that the high levels of maspin in the epithelial-mucous cells (in both cytoplasm and nuclei) in LGMEC may serve as a tool to distinguish it from GOC. This may be useful especially in equivocal cases and in small incisional biopsy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Vered
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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265
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Santer FR, Malinowska K, Culig Z, Cavarretta IT. Interleukin-6 trans-signalling differentially regulates proliferation, migration, adhesion and maspin expression in human prostate cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2010; 17:241-53. [PMID: 19966016 PMCID: PMC2829126 DOI: 10.1677/erc-09-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is suggested to have a pathogenic role in the progression of prostate cancer (PC), therefore representing an attractive target for new therapies. However, due to the pleiotropy of this cytokine, targeting IL-6 results in different and unpredictable responses. In order to better understand the mechanisms underlying the different responses to the cytokine, we focused our attention on IL-6 receptors (IL-6Rs) that represent the first element in the cascade of cytokine-activated signalling pathways. IL-6 signal transduction may indeed occur through the membrane IL-6R (classical signalling) and/or through the less studied soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R; IL-6 trans-signalling (IL-6TS)). We provide the first evidence how responses to IL-6 may depend on the different content of IL-6Rs in PC. In particular, the studies of (3)H-thymidine incorporation and exploitation of different approaches (i.e. activation or inhibition of IL-6TS in sIL-6R-negative and -positive cell lines and transfection of IL-6R siRNA) allowed us to demonstrate that IL-6TS specifically accounts for an anti-proliferative effect of the cytokine in three PC cell lines that are known to respond differently to IL-6. Additionally, by applying migration-, scratch- and adhesion assays, we show that IL-6TS increases motility and migration and decreases adhesion of prostate cells facilitating thereby processes that determine metastasis initiation and spread. Finally, by western analyses, we uncovered an IL-6- and sIL-6R-dependent downregulation of the tumour suppressor maspin. Collectively, these data suggest that selective targeting of IL-6TS might allow to refine the currently available experimental anti-IL-6 therapies against PC.
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266
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Teoh SSY, Whisstock JC, Bird PI. Maspin (SERPINB5) is an obligate intracellular serpin. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:10862-9. [PMID: 20123984 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.073171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Maspin (SERPINB5) is a tumor suppressor lost in breast and prostate cancer whose molecular function is unknown. It is a non-inhibitory member of the clade B serpins suggested to play a role in a plethora of intracellular and extracellular settings, yet its normal cellular distribution has never been clarified. Here we investigate the distribution of maspin in non-transformed human epithelial cells. By indirect immunofluorescence, maspin has a nucleocytoplasmic distribution in breast (MCF10A) and prostate (RWPE-1) cells and, by immunoblotting and pulse-chase analyses, is neither glycosylated nor secreted. Cell surface biotinylation studies also show that maspin is not present at the cell surface. Differentiation of MCF10A cells into three-dimensional acini results in the redistribution of maspin from the nucleus to the cytoplasm but does not result in secretion. Addition of an efficient conventional signal peptide to maspin directs it into the secretory pathway and results in glycosylation but not secretion. We further show that maspin in the cytoplasm of MCF10A cells is a soluble monomeric protein that is not detectably associated with the cytoskeleton or other extractable components. Taken together, these results suggest that maspin is restricted to an intracellular, possibly nuclear, role in which it influences cell-matrix interactions indirectly. It is probably released only as a consequence of cell damage or necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia S Y Teoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Jiang R, Xia Y, Li J, Deng L, Zhao L, Shi J, Wang X, Sun B. High expression levels of IKKalpha and IKKbeta are necessary for the malignant properties of liver cancer. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:1263-74. [PMID: 19728335 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IKK-NF-kappaB signaling is regarded as an important factor in hepatocarcinogenesis and a potential target for liver cancer therapy. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the expression of mRNAs encoding components and targets of NF-kappaB signaling including IKKalpha, IKKbeta, RANK, RANKL, OPG, CyclinD3, mammary serine protease inhibitor (Maspin), CyclinD1, c-FLIP, Bcl-xl, Stat3, Cip1 and Cip2 by real-time PCR in 40 patients with liver cancer. After statistical analysis, 7 indices including IKKalpha, IKKbeta, RANK, Maspin, c-FLIP, Cip2 and cyclinD1 were found to show significant differences between tumor tissue and its corresponding adjacent tissue. When IKKalpha and IKKbeta were downregulated in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines of MHCC-97L and MHCC-97H in vitro, the numbers of BrdU positive cells were decreased in both IKKalpha and IKKbeta knockdown cells. Levels of apoptosis were also investigated in IKKalpha and IKKbeta knockdown cells. The growth of HCC was inhibited in the subcutaneous implantation model, and lung metastatogenesis was also significantly inhibited in the kidney capsule transplantation model. Downregulation of IKKalpha and IKKbeta in HCC cultured in vitro revealed that increased Maspin, OPG and RANKL expression was associated with metastasis of HCC. These findings were associated with downregulation of Bcl-XL and c-FLIP, which may be the reason for increased apoptosis. The therapeutic effect of IKKalpha and IKKbeta downregulation depends on extent of NF-kappaB inhibition and the malignant nature of the HCC. We anticipate that IKK-targeted gene therapy can be used in the treatment of HCC, a cancer that is notoriously resistant to radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqiu Jiang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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268
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Protease inhibitor SERPINA1 expression in epithelial ovarian cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2010; 27:55-69. [PMID: 20049513 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-009-9303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer with a 5 years survival rate of 30-40% in patients diagnosed with high-grade invasive disease (TOV). This is in stark contrast to the 95% 5 years survival rate in ovarian cancer patients diagnosed with low malignant potential (LMP) disease. The progression from localized tumor to invasive metastasis involves matrix proteolysis. Protease inhibitors are thought to play a key role by limiting this process. Using the Affymetrix HG-U133A GeneChip array, we have studied all serine protease inhibitors and found several serpin family members that are differentially expressed between LMP and TOV serous tumors. SERPINA1 was selected for further study due to its high expression in the majority of LMP tumors and its low expression in TOV tumors; observations that were also validated by quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR). To study the effects of its over expression on different tumorigenic parameters, SERPINA1 was cloned in the pcDNA3.1+ plasmid which was subsequently used to derive stable clones from two invasive ovarian cancer cell lines, TOV-112D and TOV-1946. We found no effect of SERPINA1 over expression on tumor growth in SCID mice although cell migration and invasion were affected in in vitro assays. There was also no association between patient survival and SERPINA1 immunostaining, however, SERPINA1 localization was different in LMP (nuclear) and TOV (cytoplasmic) tumors. SERPINA1 remains an interesting candidate since protein homeostasis, regulated by proteases and their inhibitors, should be studied holistically in order to assess their full impact in tumor progression.
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Zhang L, Zeng D, Huang H, Wang J, Tao Q, Pan C, Xu J, Zhang B, Wang A. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 inhibits ameloblastoma growth in a new mouse xenograft disease model. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:94-102. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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270
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Pandey PR, Saidou J, Watabe K. Role of myoepithelial cells in breast tumor progression. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2010; 15:226-36. [PMID: 20036817 DOI: 10.2741/3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Myoepithelial cells form a semi-continuous protective sheet separating the human breast epithelium and the surrounding stroma. They suppress stromal invasion of tumor cells by the secretion of various anti-angiogenic and anti-invasive factors. The disruption of this cell layer results in the release of the growth factors, angiogenic factors, and reactive oxygen species causing an alteration in the microenvironment. This helps in the proliferation of surrounding cells and increases the invasiveness of tumor cells. Two theories are proposed for the mechanism of tumor epithelial cells progression from in situ to invasive stage. According to the first theory, tumor cell invasion is triggered by the overproduction of proteolytic enzymes by myoepithelial cells and surrounding tumor cells. The second theory states that tumor invasion is a multistep process, the interactions between damaged myoepithelial cells and the immunoreactive cells trigger the release of basement membrane degrading enzymes causing tumor progression. Further studies in understanding of molecular mechanism of myoepithelial cell functions in tumor suppression may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspa Raj Pandey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, 751 N Rutledge St. PO Box 19626, Springfield, IL 627794-9626, USA
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271
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Prasad CP, Rath G, Mathur S, Bhatnagar D, Ralhan R. Expression analysis of maspin in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast and modulation of its expression by curcumin in breast cancer cell lines. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 183:455-61. [PMID: 19944674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In breast cancer, maspin, a serine protease inhibitor, can suppress tumor growth and metastasis in vivo and tumor cell motility and invasion in vitro. The clinical significance of maspin expression in breast cancer, especially in the sequence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)-invasive cancer-lymph node metastasis is well known in the Western countries, but its status in the rapidly increasing breast cancers in India remains unknown. The present study was designed to determine the clinical significance of maspin expression in invasive ductal carcinomas of breast (IDCs) in North Indian population and modulation of its expression by curcumin. Immunohistochemical analysis of maspin showed loss or reduced cytoplasmic expression in 36 of 59 (61%) tumors. Furthermore, breast cancer cells (MCF-7 (wild type p53) and MDA-MB-231 (mutant p53)) were treated with curcumin and the effect on expression of maspin gene at transcription and translation levels was analyzed by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Maspin expression was also correlated with p53 and Bcl-2 levels. Curcumin inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis and upregulated maspin gene expression in MCF-7 cells and these findings were further correlated with the upregulation of p53 protein and downregulation of Bcl-2, suggesting maspin mediated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. To our knowledge this is the first report showing the upregulation of maspin expression by curcumin in breast cancer cells and taken together with the clinical data suggests a potential therapeutic role for curcumin in inducing maspin mediated inhibition of invasion of breast carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra P Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India
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272
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BRCA1 185delAG mutant protein, BRAt, up-regulates maspin in ovarian epithelial cells. Gynecol Oncol 2009; 116:262-8. [PMID: 19906413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aggressive clinical course and difficult detection of ovarian cancer are major challenges to improving patient survival and necessitate avid investigation into more effective therapeutic approaches. Understanding early molecular and pathological changes in high risk patients, such as BRCA1 mutation carriers, can provide candidates for molecular profiling and novel targets for effective therapies. METHODS Using a culture model system for normal human ovarian surface epithelial cells with and without the BRCA1 185delAG frameshift mutation for the truncated protein product, BRAt, we investigated the role of BRAt in enhanced chemosensitivity. We used MTS, Western immunoblot, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, luciferase reporter and siRNA assays, to identify novel downstream targets of BRAt that promote apoptosis following chemotherapeutic treatment. RESULTS We identified maspin as a novel downstream target of BRAt. BRAt increases maspin expression with preferential nuclear localization of maspin. Further, Brat-mediated maspin expression is transcriptionally regulated through an AP1 site within the (-520) to (-297) region of the promoter. Lastly, BRAt, enhances chemosensitivity in normal ovarian surface epithelial cells through c-Jun by a mechanism that may involve maspin. CONCLUSIONS BRAt-mediated enhanced chemosensitivity correlates clinically with enhanced chemotherapeutic response in BRCA1 mutation carriers. BRAt-mediated maspin expression also correlates with improved prognostic outlook for ovarian tumors with high levels of nuclear maspin. Consequently, understanding early genotypic and phenotypic changes in the context of high risk disease may provide a better understanding of the mechanism of mutation-associated ovarian cancer and provide new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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273
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The severity of epithelial dysplasia is associated with loss of maspin expression in actinic cheilitis. J Cutan Pathol 2009; 36:1151-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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274
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Tseng MY, Liu SY, Chen HR, Wu YJ, Chiu CC, Chan PT, Chiang WF, Liu YC, Lu CY, Jou YS, Chen JYF. Serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) B1 promotes oral cancer cell motility and is over-expressed in invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:771-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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275
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Bailey CM, Margaryan NV, Abbott DE, Schutte BC, Yang B, Khalkhali-Ellis Z, Hendrix MJC. Temporal and spatial expression patterns for the tumor suppressor Maspin and its binding partner interferon regulatory factor 6 during breast development. Dev Growth Differ 2009; 51:473-81. [PMID: 19527266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2009.01110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) is a non-canonical member of the interferon regulatory factor family of transcription factors. We recently identified IRF6 as a novel Maspin-interacting protein in mammary epithelial cells. Maspin is a tumor suppressor in the breast and has also been implicated in mammary gland morphogenesis. To explore a possible role for IRF6 in conjunction with Maspin during mammary gland growth and differentiation, we examined the expression of IRF6 and Maspin during post-utero mammary gland development using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches. The data revealed that the expression of IRF6 and Maspin is temporally and spatially regulated throughout mammary gland development, with maximal expression of both proteins occurring in fully differentiated, lactating lobuloalveolar cells. We further show that IRF6 adopts a lumenal localization pattern following complete epithelial cell polarization and present new evidence for the secretion of IRF6 into the milk. These results support the hypothesis that IRF6 and Maspin are important for mammary epithelial cell differentiation, and advance our understanding of the Maspin-IRF6 partnership during normal mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M Bailey
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60614-3394, USA
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276
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Bass R, Wagstaff L, Ravenhill L, Ellis V. Binding of extracellular maspin to beta1 integrins inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell migration. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:27712-20. [PMID: 19638634 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.038919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Maspin is a serpin that has multiple effects on cell behavior, including inhibition of migration. How maspin mediates these diverse effects remains unclear, as it is devoid of protease inhibitory activity. We have previously shown that maspin rapidly inhibits the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), suggesting the involvement of direct interactions with cell surface proteins. Here, using immunofluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that maspin binds specifically to the surface of VSMC in the dedifferentiated, but not the differentiated, phenotype. Ligand blotting of VSMC lysates revealed the presence of several maspin-binding proteins, with a protein of 150 kDa differentially expressed between the two VSMC phenotypes. Western blotting suggested that this protein was the beta1 integrin subunit, and subsequently both alpha3beta1 and alpha5beta1, but not alphavbeta3, were shown to associate with maspin by coimmunoprecipitation. Specific binding of these integrins was also observed using maspin-affinity chromatography, using HT1080 cell lysates. Direct binding of maspin to alpha5beta1 was confirmed using a recombinant alpha5beta1-Fc fusion protein. Using conformation-dependent anti-beta1 antibodies, maspin binding to VSMC was found to lead to a decrease in the activation status of the integrin. The functional involvement of alpha5beta1 in mediating the effect of maspin was established by the inhibition of migration of CHO cells overexpressing human alpha5 integrin, but not those lacking alpha5 expression. Our observations suggest that maspin engages in specific interactions with a limited number of integrins on VSMC, leading to their inactivation, and that these interactions are responsible for the effects of maspin in the pericellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Bass
- School of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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277
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Narayan M, Twining S. Focus on molecules: maspin. Exp Eye Res 2009; 90:2-3. [PMID: 19615364 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malathi Narayan
- Department of Biochemistry and Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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278
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is regulated by a local balance between the levels of endogenous stimulators and inhibitors of angiogenesis. Understanding of the mechanism of angiogenesis has advanced significantly since the discovery of two members of the family of angiogenesis stimulators, i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor family proteins and angiopoietins. These factors act on endothelial cells to stimulate angiogenesis. In contrast, most of angiogenesis inhibitors do not seem to have such characteristics. Very few genes encoding molecules that selectively inhibit angiogenesis have been discovered. This review will focus on our current understanding of endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Sato
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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279
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Girish GV, Sinha N, Chakraborty K, Bhattacharya G, Kahn NN, Sinha AK. Restoration by aspirin of impaired plasma maspin level in human breast cancer. Acta Oncol 2009; 45:184-7. [PMID: 16546864 DOI: 10.1080/02841860500516584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Maspin, an anti breast cancer protein, is produced in the normal mammary cells but not in malignant cells in breast cancer. We investigated the effect of aspirin induced increase of plasma nitric oxide (NO) on plasma maspin production in breast cancer patients. Fifteen breast cancer patients (35-65 years), who had not yet undergone any cancer therapy, and an equal number of age matched normal female volunteers participated in the study. They were asked not to take any medication for two weeks. All participants then ingested 150 mg of aspirin. Plasma NO and maspin levels were determined before and at 60 min after the ingestion of aspirin. It was found that the maspin level in plasma increased to 4.63+/-0.02 nM from the basal 0.95+/-0.012 nM (p<0.001) with increase of plasma NO from 0.60+/-0.03 microM to 2.08+/-0.030 microM (p<0.001) in breast cancer patients. In normal volunteers the basal maspin increased from 4.76+/-0.041 to 9.36+/-0.036 nM (p<0.001) with increase of NO from 2.15+/-0.08 to 3.36+/-0.04 microM (p<0.001) at the same period. These results indicated that the ingestion of aspirin might be beneficial for breast cancer through increased maspin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Girish
- Sinha Institute of Medical Science & Technology, Calcutta, India
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280
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Tsuji T, Togami S, Douchi T, Umekita Y. Difference in subcellular localization of maspin expression in ovarian mucinous borderline tumour. Histopathology 2009; 55:130-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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281
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Expressions of maspin, P53 and Skp2 in colorectal tumors and their clinicopathological significance. Chin J Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-009-0147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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282
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Klopfleisch R, Gruber AD. Derlin-1 and stanniocalcin-1 are differentially regulated in metastasizing canine mammary adenocarcinomas. J Comp Pathol 2009; 141:113-20. [PMID: 19515379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Derlin-1, stanniocalcin-1, epithelial glycoprotein-2 (EGP-2) and maspin are associated with the metastasis of human breast cancer cells. This study reports the potential role of these molecules in metastasis of canine mammary tumours. Laser microdissected tissue samples were prepared from normal canine mammary gland and from simple adenomas, adenocarcinomas and their lymph node metastases. The expression of genes encoding the molecules of interest in these tissues was determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Most adenomas displayed reduced expression of derlin-1 mRNA. Few adenocarcinomas overexpressed derlin-1 mRNA, but all lymph node metastases overexpressed this gene product. Stanniocalcin-1 mRNA was not expressed within adenomas and was reduced in adenocarcinomas and their lymph node metastases. EGP-2 gene expression did not differ between normal, benign and malignant neoplastic tissues. Maspin gene expression varied markedly among the tumours with reduced or increased expression compared with normal mammary gland. Taken together, these results suggest that malignant behaviour of canine mammary adenocarcinoma is associated with reduced transcription of the stanniocalcin-1 gene and overexpression of the derlin-1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Klopfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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283
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Joensuu KM, Leidenius MHK, Andersson LC, Heikkilä PS. High expression of maspin is associated with early tumor relapse in breast cancer. Hum Pathol 2009; 40:1143-51. [PMID: 19427667 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Maspin is a serine protease inhibitor with tumor suppressor activity. Maspin can suppress tumor growth and metastasis in vivo and tumor cell motility and invasion in vitro. Maspin also modulates apoptosis of tumor cells, possibly by modulating the expression of the B-cell lymphoma-2 family member. p53 regulates the expression of the tumor suppressor gene maspin. Breast cancer is known for its propensity to recur even after decades. The biology behind this phenomenon of tumor dormancy is poorly understood. This study was conducted to clarify the role of maspin and B-cell lymphoma-2 in early and late recurring breast cancer. The expression of maspin, B-cell lymphoma-2, p53, and estrogen receptor was studied by immunohistochemistry in 73 primary breast cancers and in their metastatic relapses detected within 2 years, or 5 or 10 years after primary surgery. The cytoplasmic expression of maspin was significantly higher in the primary tumors of the early metastasizing breast cancers (first tumor relapse within 2 years) and also in their metastases compared to late metastasizing cancers. An opposite activity was observed in the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2. The level of B-cell lymphoma-2 staining was lower in the early relapsing cancers and significantly lower in their metastases, compared to tumors which metastasized 5 or 10 years after primary surgery. High cytoplasmic expression of maspin and low expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 in primary breast cancer predict early tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina M Joensuu
- Department of Pathology and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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284
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Chua R, Setzer S, Govindarajan B, Sexton D, Cohen C, Arbiser JL. Maspin expression, angiogenesis, prognostic parameters, and outcome in malignant melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 60:758-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 01/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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285
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Zhang X, Hashemi SS, Yousefi M, Gao C, Sheng J, Ni J, Wang W, Mason J, Man YG. Atypical E-cadherin expression in cell clusters overlying focally disrupted mammary myoepithelial cell layers: implications for tumor cell motility and invasion. Pathol Res Pract 2009; 205:375-85. [PMID: 19395181 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our recent studies showed that cell clusters overlying focal myoepithelial cell layer disruptions (FMCLD) had a significantly higher rate of ER negativity, genetic instabilities, and expression of invasion-related genes than adjacent cells within the same duct. This study attempted to determine if these cells would show aberrant E-cadherin expression, which imparts greater propensity for cell motility and invasion. Consecutive sections from breast tumors with a high frequency of FMCLD were double-immunostained for E-cadherin and a panel of related markers. The E-cadherin mRNA levels in cells overlying FMCLD and adjacent cells within the same duct were compared using real-time PCR. Nearly all the cell clusters overlying FMCLD were strongly immunoreactive for E-cadherin, whereas their adjacent counterparts within the same duct were largely negative. Cell clusters overlying FMCLD were generally arranged as tongue-like projections, "puncturing" deep into the stroma or tube-like structures that often contained red blood cells. The sub-cellular localization of E-cadherin in the above structures, however, was primarily cytoplasmic. The mRNA level of E-cadherin in cell clusters overlying FMCLD was significantly higher than that in adjacent cells within the same duct. These findings suggest that aberrant expression of E-cadherin may contribute to cell motility and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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286
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Carpenter PM, Dao AV, Arain ZS, Chang MK, Nguyen HP, Arain S, Wang-Rodriguez J, Kwon SY, Wilczynski SP. Motility induction in breast carcinoma by mammary epithelial laminin 332 (laminin 5). Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:462-75. [PMID: 19351903 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Host interactions with tumor cells contribute to tumor progression by several means. This study was done to determine whether mammary epithelium could interact with breast carcinoma by producing substances capable of inducing motility in the cancer cells. Conditioned medium of immortalized 184A1 mammary epithelium collected in serum-free conditions induced dose-dependent motility in the MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line by both a semiquantitative scattering assay and a Boyden chamber assay. Purification of the motility factor revealed that it was laminin 332 (formerly laminin 5) by mass spectroscopy. A Western blot of the 184A1 conditioned medium using a polyclonal antibody confirmed the presence of laminin 332 in the conditioned medium. Blockage of the motility with antibodies to the laminin 332 and its receptor components, alpha(3) and beta(1) integrins, provided further evidence that tumor cell motility was caused by the laminin 332 in the conditioned medium. Invasion of MCF-7, BT-20, and MDA-MB-435 S was induced by purified laminin 332 and 184A1 conditioned medium and blocked by an anti-alpha(3) integrin antibody. Staining of carcinoma in situ from breast cancer specimens revealed that laminin 332 in the myoepithelium adjacent to the preinvasive cells provided a source of laminin 332 that could potentially encourage the earliest steps of stromal invasion. In metaplastic breast carcinomas, the presence of laminin 332-producing cells coexpressing alpha(3) integrin and the greater metastatic potential of tumors with higher laminin 332 levels suggest that laminin 332 expression is associated with aggressive features in these human breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Carpenter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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287
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Klasa-Mazurkiewicz D, Narkiewicz J, Milczek T, Lipińska B, Emerich J. Maspin overexpression correlates with positive response to primary chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients. Gynecol Oncol 2009; 113:91-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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288
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Frey A, Soubani AO, Adam AK, Sheng S, Pass HI, Lonardo F. Nuclear, compared with combined nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of maspin, is linked in lung adenocarcinoma to reduced VEGF-A levels and in Stage I, improved survival. Histopathology 2009; 54:590-7. [PMID: 19309490 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate whether there is a correlation between the subcellular localization of maspin and the histological, molecular and biological features of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, particularly addressing the hypothesis that the tumour inhibitor properties of maspin may be linked to a nuclear, compared with a combined nuclear and cytoplasmic expression pattern. METHODS AND RESULTS The subcellular expression of maspin was determined in 80 resected pulmonary adenocarcinomas (Stage I, 46; Stage II, 10; Stage III, 20; Stage IV, 4) and correlated with histological grade, proliferative rate, p53 expression, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A levels, and prognosis (mean follow-up of 41.5 months). Cases with nuclear (N) maspin (n = 47), compared with the [N + cytoplasmic (C)] group (n = 28), showed lower (P <or= 0.05): histological grade, proliferative rate, p53 expression and VEGF-A levels. Cox multivariate analysis revealed in stage I adenocarcinomas (N) maspin as the only predictor of improved survival. CONCLUSIONS (N) maspin selects lung adenocarcinomas with distinct molecular and clinical features, supporting the hypothesis that its tumour inhibitor properties may be linked to its nuclear localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Frey
- Department of Pathology, Harper University Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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289
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Cai Z, Zhou Y, Lei T, Chiu JF, He QY. Mammary serine protease inhibitor inhibits epithelial growth factor-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of esophageal carcinoma cells. Cancer 2009; 115:36-48. [PMID: 19090015 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By using proteomic technology, the authors previously observed the substantial down-regulation of mammary serine protease inhibitor (maspin) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and metastases. In the current study, they examined the effects of maspin re-expression in a maspin-null esophageal cancer cell line EC109 and also investigated the underlying mechanism. METHODS A cell line with stable maspin expression was established. An epithelial growth factor (EGF)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) model was used to mimic some aspects of the metastatic process in vitro. The effects of maspin reintroduction on EGF-induced EMT and cell growth characteristics were evaluated. Comparative proteomic analysis of transfected cells versus parental cells was then performed to explore the potential mechanism. RESULTS The introduction of maspin into EC109 cells was able to inhibit EGF-induced EMT and altered cell growth characteristics, including the serum dependence, proliferative response to EGF stimulation, and colony formation ability in soft agar, indicating a conversion from a malignant phenotype to a benign phenotype. Proteomic analysis revealed a significant down-regulation of a group of glycolytic enzymes in maspin-transfected cells. In addition, maspin-transfected cells expressed much lower levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha than parental cells or empty vector transfected cells. CONCLUSIONS Maspin exhibited a metastasis-suppressive effect, which may be a consequence of the reversal of the malignant phenotype of EC109 cells. The switch of cellular metabolic phenotype to low glycolysis by the gain of maspin function may play a key role in the process. This finding provides additional evidence of the tumor metastasis-suppressive activity of maspin and may indicate a new direction for future studies of the mechanism of maspin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cai
- Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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290
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Lim S, Hung AC, Porter AG. Focused PCR Screen Reveals p53 Dependence of Nitric Oxide-Induced Apoptosis and Up-Regulation of Maspin and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Tumor Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:55-66. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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291
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Xu Z, Wang W, Deng CX, Man YG. Aberrant p63 and WT-1 expression in myoepithelial cells of pregnancy-associated breast cancer: implications for tumor aggressiveness and invasiveness. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:82-96. [PMID: 19173015 PMCID: PMC2631157 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies revealed that focal alterations in breast myoepithelial cell layers significantly impact the biological presentation of associated epithelial cells. As pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) has a significantly more aggressive clinical course and mortality rate than other forms of breast malignancies, our current study compared tumor suppressor expression in myoepithelial cells of PABC and non-PABC, to determine whether myoepithelial cells of PABC may have aberrant expression of tumor suppressors. Tissue sections from 20 cases of PABC and 20 cases of stage, grade, and age matched non-PABC were subjected to immunohistochemistry, and the expression of tumor suppressor maspin, p63, and Wilms' tumor 1 (WT-1) in calponin positive myoepithelial cells were statistically compared. The expression profiles of maspin, p63, and WT-1 in myoepithelial cells of all ducts encountered were similar between PABC and non-PABC. PABC, however, displayed several unique alterations in terminal duct and lobular units (TDLU), acini, and associated tumor tissues that were not seen in those of non-PABC, which included the absence of p63 and WT-1 expression in a vast majority of the myoepithelial cells, cytoplasmic localization of p63 in the entire epithelial cell population of some lobules, and substantially increasing WT-1 expression in vascular structures of the invasive cancer component. All or nearly all epithelial cells with aberrant p63 and WT-1 expression lacked the expression of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, whereas they had a substantially higher proliferation index than their counterparts with p63 and WT-1 expression. Hyperplastic cells with cytoplasmic p63 expression often adjacent to, and share a similar immunohistochemical and cytological profile with, invasive cancer cells. To our best knowledge, our main finings have not been previously reported. Our findings suggest that the functional status of myoepithelial cells may be significantly associated with tumor aggressiveness and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheli Xu
- 1. Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wan Wang
- 1. Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- 2. Mammalian Genetics Section, GDDB, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yan-gao Man
- 3. Department of Gynecologic and Breast Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and American Registry of Pathology, Washington DC, USA
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292
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Stec AA, Cookson MS, Chang SS. Detection of Extravesical Disease: A Lack of Bladder Cancer Markers. Bladder Cancer 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-417-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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293
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Cytoplasmic and nuclear maspin expression in lung carcinomas: an immunohistochemical study using tissue microarrays. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2008; 16:459-65. [PMID: 18665036 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e3181640bb1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Maspin, a serine protease inhibitor related to the serpin family, can inhibit invasion and metastasis of malignancies although direct evidence of the clinicopathologic significance of cytoplasmic relative to nuclear expression is limited. Here, maspin expression was examined on tissue microarrays containing lung carcinoma (n=155) and adjacent noncancerous tissue (n=20) and also 4 lung carcinoma cell lines (LC-1/Sq, LC-IF, PC-14, and AoI) by immunohistochemistry. Maspin expression was compared with clinicopathologic parameters of the tumors. Maspin expression showed positive nuclear staining in basal cells, LC-IF, and PC-14 cell lines, and also cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in secretory and ciliated cells, LC-1/Sq cell line. Cytoplasmic staining was the lowest in adenocarcinoma (AD) and the highest in squamous cell carcinoma as compared with other types of lung carcinoma (P<0.05), and positively correlated with expression of p53 and caspase-3 (P<0.05). The cytoplasmic one showed stronger immunoreactivity in male carcinoma patients than female ones (P<0.05). The nuclear maspin expression gradually increased through squamous cell carcinoma, AD, large cell carcinoma to small cell carcinoma (P<0.05) and was also positively associated with the levels of vascular epithelial growth factor and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer expression (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the cytoplasmic or nuclear maspin expression was not a good prognostic marker for lung carcinomas overall (P>0.05), but the cytoplasmic pattern pointed to good survival for AD cases (P<0.05). It was concluded that the cytoplasmic and nuclear expression patterns of maspin are involved in the cellular differentiation of normal lung tissue and the histogenesis of different lung carcinomas. The cytoplasmic maspin may play an important role in lung carcinomas by regulating apoptosis and thus is a favorable prognostic marker for AD patients, whereas the nuclear location may be linked to promotion of angiogenesis.
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294
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Takanami I, Abiko T, Koizumi S. Expression of Maspin in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Correlation with Clinical Features. Clin Lung Cancer 2008; 9:361-6. [DOI: 10.3816/clc.2008.n.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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295
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Hall DC, Johnson-Pais TL, Grubbs B, Bernal R, Leach RJ, Padalecki SS. Maspin reduces prostate cancer metastasis to bone. Urol Oncol 2008; 26:652-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2007.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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296
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Maspin modulates prostate cancer cell apoptotic and angiogenic response to hypoxia via targeting AKT. Oncogene 2008; 27:7171-9. [PMID: 18931702 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been previously linked to the development of both benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. This study investigated the effect of maspin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) tumor suppressor, on the apoptotic response of prostate cancer cells to hypoxia. Gene expression profiling of human benign and malignant prostate epithelial cells after exposure to hypoxia or normoxia revealed dramatic changes in ECM regulators. Maspin was found to be overexpressed in response to hypoxia in prostate cancer cells, but not in benign prostate cells. To dissect the contribution of maspin to tumor cell responses within a hypoxic microenvironment, we used maspin-overexpressing DU-145 human prostate cancer cells. Exposure to hypoxic conditions (1% O(2)) led to a significant increase in apoptosis in the DU-145 maspin cells, compared to DU-145 neo-transfectants without a significant effect on cell migration. This enhanced sensitivity to hypoxia-induced apoptosis leads to a significant suppression of tumor growth and tumor vascularity in vivo by targeting Akt and focal adhesion kinase activation. Our findings implicate maspin in prostate cancer cell response to hypoxia via recruitment of intracellular signaling partners. This study may have significance in the identification of maspin-driven therapeutic targeting in advanced metastatic prostate cancer.
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297
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Maspin, E-selectin, and P-selectin expressions in papillary thyroid carcinomas and their correlation with prognostic parameters. Pathol Res Pract 2008; 204:743-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2008.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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298
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Yamaguchi H, Ding Y, Lee JF, Zhang M, Pal A, Bornmann W, Yan DH, Hung MC. Interferon-inducible protein IFIXalpha inhibits cell invasion by upregulating the metastasis suppressor maspin. Mol Carcinog 2008; 47:739-43. [PMID: 18247378 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
IFIXalpha, a member of the interferon-inducible HIN-200 family, has been identified as a putative tumor suppressor. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying IFIXalpha-mediated tumor suppression are poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that the metastasis suppressor maspin acts as the downstream target of IFIXalpha. IFIXalpha suppressed the invasion activity of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, and its inhibitory effect was reversed by the knockdown of maspin. Both Maspin mRNA and protein were upregulated by IFIXalpha. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, but not DNA methyltransferase inhibitor upregulated maspin, and HDAC1 inhibited the transactivation of maspin promoter. Although the HDAC1 protein was downregulated in IFIXalpha-expressing cells, IFIXalpha did not affect HDAC1 mRNA levels. Conversely, a proteasome inhibitor restored the level of HDAC1 protein in IFIXalpha-expressing cells, and the polyubiqutination of HDAC1 was promoted by IFIXalpha, suggesting that HDAC1 is regulated by IFIXalpha through a ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Together, these data provide novel insights into the tumor-suppressive function of IFIXalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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299
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Vered M, Allon I, Dayan D. Maspin, p53, p63, and Ki-67 in epithelial lesions of the tongue: from hyperplasia through dysplasia to carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 38:314-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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300
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Beltran AS, Sun X, Lizardi PM, Blancafort P. Reprogramming epigenetic silencing: artificial transcription factors synergize with chromatin remodeling drugs to reactivate the tumor suppressor mammary serine protease inhibitor. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:1080-90. [PMID: 18483297 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mammary serine protease inhibitor (maspin) is an important tumor suppressor gene whose expression is associated not only with tumor growth inhibition but also with decreased angiogenesis and metastasis. Maspin expression is down-regulated in metastatic tumors by epigenetic mechanisms, including aberrant promoter hypermethylation. We have constructed artificial transcription factors (ATFs) as novel therapeutic effectors able to bind 18-bp sites in the maspin promoter and reactivate maspin expression in cell lines that harbor an epigenetically silenced promoter. In this article, we have investigated the influence of epigenetic modifications on ATF-mediated regulation of maspin by challenging MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, comprising a methylated maspin promoter, with different doses of ATFs and chromatin remodeling drugs: the methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. We found that the ATFs synergized with both inhibitors in reactivating endogenous maspin expression. The strongest synergy was observed with the triple treatment ATF-126 + 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine + suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, in which the tumor suppressor was reactivated by 600-fold. Furthermore, this combination inhibited tumor cell proliferation by 95%. Our data suggest that ATFs enhance the efficiency of chromatin remodeling drugs in reactivating silenced tumor suppressors. Our results document the power of a novel therapeutic approach that combines both epigenetic and genetic (sequence-specific ATFs) strategies to reactivate specifically silenced regions of the genome and reprogram cellular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana S Beltran
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
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