251
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Huang Y, Qiao L, Jiang Y, He T, Long R, Yang F, Wang L, Lei X, Yuan M, Chen J. A‐site Cation Engineering for Highly Efficient MAPbI
3
Single‐Crystal X‐ray Detector. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17834-17842. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Lu Qiao
- College of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Tingwei He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Run Long
- College of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear PhotonicsMinistry of EducationSchool of PhysicsNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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252
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Ruggeri E, Anaya M, Gałkowski K, Delport G, Kosasih FU, Abfalterer A, Mackowski S, Ducati C, Stranks SD. Controlling the Growth Kinetics and Optoelectronic Properties of 2D/3D Lead-Tin Perovskite Heterojunctions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1905247. [PMID: 31709688 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are emerging as valid alternatives to conventional photovoltaic active materials owing to their low cost and high device performances. This material family also shows exceptional tunability of properties by varying chemical components, crystal structure, and dimensionality, providing a unique set of building blocks for new structures. Here, highly stable self-assembled lead-tin perovskite heterostructures formed between low-bandgap 3D and higher-bandgap 2D components are demonstrated. A combination of surface-sensitive X-ray diffraction, spatially resolved photoluminescence, and electron microscopy measurements is used to reveal that microstructural heterojunctions form between high-bandgap 2D surface crystallites and lower-bandgap 3D domains. Furthermore, in situ X-ray diffraction measurements are used during film formation to show that an ammonium thiocyanate additive delays formation of the 3D component and thus provides a tunable lever to substantially increase the fraction of 2D surface crystallites. These novel heterostructures will find use in bottom cells for stable tandem photovoltaics with a surface 2D layer passivating the 3D material, or in energy-transfer devices requiring controlled energy flow from localized surface crystallites to the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Ruggeri
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Krzysztof Gałkowski
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5th Grudziądzka St., 87-100, Toruć, Poland
| | - Géraud Delport
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Felix Utama Kosasih
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Anna Abfalterer
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sebastian Mackowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5th Grudziądzka St., 87-100, Toruć, Poland
| | - Caterina Ducati
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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253
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Zhang F, Yao Z, Guo Y, Li Y, Bergstrand J, Brett CJ, Cai B, Hajian A, Guo Y, Yang X, Gardner JM, Widengren J, Roth SV, Kloo L, Sun L. Polymeric, Cost-Effective, Dopant-Free Hole Transport Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19700-19707. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan Bergstrand
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Calvin J. Brett
- Department of Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquars Backe 18, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT−KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 116024 Dalian, China
| | | | | | - Xichuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT−KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 116024 Dalian, China
| | | | - Jerker Widengren
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan V. Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT−KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 116024 Dalian, China
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254
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255
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Shi R, Long R. Hole Localization Inhibits Charge Recombination in Tin-Lead Mixed Perovskites: Time-Domain ab Initio Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6604-6612. [PMID: 31608643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using time domain density functional theory combined with nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, we demonstrate that the Sn dopants favor forming localized hole states with different extent at low and high doping concentrations, mimicking the small and large polarons, while retain the electron wave functions comparable with the pristine system, leading to nonadiabatic coupling decreasing by a factor of 45% and 38% and bandgap reduction by 0.04 and 0.27 eV, respectively. Furthermore, replacing heavier Pb with lighter Sn increases atomic fluctuations and accelerates loss of quantum coherence, in particular even faster at higher Sn doping concentration. As a result, the interplay among the bandgap, NA coupling, and decoherence time delays the electron-hole recombination by a factor of 3.5 and 1.3 at low and high doping concentration. Our study reveals the atomistic mechanisms of suppressed recombination dependence on Sn doping concentration, providing a new way to design high performance mixed perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Shi
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
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256
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Huang Y, Qiao L, Jiang Y, He T, Long R, Yang F, Wang L, Lei X, Yuan M, Chen J. A‐site Cation Engineering for Highly Efficient MAPbI
3
Single‐Crystal X‐ray Detector. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Lu Qiao
- College of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Tingwei He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Run Long
- College of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear PhotonicsMinistry of EducationSchool of PhysicsNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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257
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Savill KJ, Klug MT, Milot RL, Snaith HJ, Herz LM. Charge-Carrier Cooling and Polarization Memory Loss in Formamidinium Tin Triiodide. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6038-6047. [PMID: 31545045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reports of slow charge-carrier cooling in hybrid metal halide perovskites have prompted hopes of achieving higher photovoltaic cell voltages through hot-carrier extraction. However, observations of long-lived hot charge carriers even at low photoexcitation densities and an orders-of-magnitude spread in reported cooling times have been challenging to explain. Here we present ultrafast time-resolved photoluminescence measurements on formamidinum tin triiodide, showing fast initial cooling over tens of picoseconds and demonstrating that a perceived secondary regime of slower cooling instead derives from electronic relaxation, state-filling, and recombination in the presence of energetic disorder. We identify limitations of some widely used approaches to determine charge-carrier temperature and make use of an improved model which accounts for the full photoluminescence line shape. Further, we do not find any persistent polarization anisotropy in FASnI3 within 270 fs after excitation, indicating that excited carriers rapidly lose both polarization memory and excess energy through interactions with the perovskite lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley J Savill
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PU , U.K
| | - Matthew T Klug
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PU , U.K
| | - Rebecca L Milot
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PU , U.K
| | - Laura M Herz
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PU , U.K
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258
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Han Q, Wei Y, Lin R, Fang Z, Xiao K, Luo X, Gu S, Zhu J, Ding L, Tan H. Low-temperature processed inorganic hole transport layer for efficient and stable mixed Pb-Sn low-bandgap perovskite solar cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:1399-1401. [PMID: 36659697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolei Han
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ying Wei
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Renxing Lin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhimin Fang
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xin Luo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shuai Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hairen Tan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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259
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Enhancing electron diffusion length in narrow-bandgap perovskites for efficient monolithic perovskite tandem solar cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4498. [PMID: 31582749 PMCID: PMC6776504 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing multijunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is an attractive route to boost PSC efficiencies to above the single-junction Shockley-Queisser limit. However, commonly used tin-based narrow-bandgap perovskites have shorter carrier diffusion lengths and lower absorption coefficient than lead-based perovskites, limiting the efficiency of perovskite-perovskite tandem solar cells. In this work, we discover that the charge collection efficiency in tin-based PSCs is limited by a short diffusion length of electrons. Adding 0.03 molar percent of cadmium ions into tin-perovskite precursors reduce the background free hole concentration and electron trap density, yielding a long electron diffusion length of 2.72 ± 0.15 µm. It increases the optimized thickness of narrow-bandgap perovskite films to 1000 nm, yielding exceptional stabilized efficiencies of 20.2 and 22.7% for single junction narrow-bandgap PSCs and monolithic perovskite-perovskite tandem cells, respectively. This work provides a promising method to enhance the optoelectronic properties of narrow-bandgap perovskites and unleash the potential of perovskite-perovskite tandem solar cells. Tin-based perovskites possess the suitable narrow-bandgap for tandem solar cells but their short carrier diffusion lengths limit device efficiency. Here Yang et al. add cadmium ions to increase diffusion length to above 2 µm by reducing the background free hole concentration and electron trap density.
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260
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Bowman AR, Klug MT, Doherty TAS, Farrar MD, Senanayak SP, Wenger B, Divitini G, Booker EP, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Macpherson S, Ruggeri E, Sirringhaus H, Snaith HJ, Stranks SD. Microsecond Carrier Lifetimes, Controlled p-Doping, and Enhanced Air Stability in Low-Bandgap Metal Halide Perovskites. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2019; 4:2301-2307. [PMID: 31544151 PMCID: PMC6748266 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mixed lead-tin halide perovskites have sufficiently low bandgaps (∼1.2 eV) to be promising absorbers for perovskite-perovskite tandem solar cells. Previous reports on lead-tin perovskites have typically shown poor optoelectronic properties compared to neat lead counterparts: short photoluminescence lifetimes (<100 ns) and low photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (<1%). Here, we obtain films with carrier lifetimes exceeding 1 μs and, through addition of small quantities of zinc iodide to the precursor solutions, photoluminescence quantum efficiencies under solar illumination intensities of 2.5%. The zinc additives also substantially enhance the film stability in air, and we use cross-sectional chemical mapping to show that this enhanced stability is because of a reduction in tin-rich clusters. By fabricating field-effect transistors, we observe that the introduction of zinc results in controlled p-doping. Finally, we show that zinc additives also enhance power conversion efficiencies and the stability of solar cells. Our results demonstrate substantially improved low-bandgap perovskites for solar cells and versatile electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Bowman
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew T. Klug
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Tiarnan A. S. Doherty
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D. Farrar
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Satyaprasad P. Senanayak
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Wenger
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles
Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Edward P. Booker
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Andaji-Garmaroudi
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Macpherson
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Ruggeri
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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261
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Harvey SP, Zhang F, Palmstrom A, Luther JM, Zhu K, Berry JJ. Mitigating Measurement Artifacts in TOF-SIMS Analysis of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30911-30918. [PMID: 31373481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is one of the few techniques that can specifically distinguish between organic cations such as methylammonium and formamidinium. Distinguishing between these two species can lead to specific insight into the origins and evolution of compositional inhomogeneity and chemical gradients in halide perovskite solar cells, which appears to be a key to advancing the technology. TOF-SIMS can obtain chemical information from hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in up to three dimensions, while not simply splitting the organic components into their molecular constituents (C, H, and N for both methylammonium and formamidinium), unlike other characterization methods. Here, we report on the apparently ubiquitous A-site organic cation gradient measured when doing TOF-SIMS depth-profiling of PSC films. Using thermomechanical methods to cleave perovskite samples at the buried glass/transparent conducting oxide interface enables depth profiling in a reverse direction from normal depth profiling (backside depth profiling). When comparing the backside depth profiles to the traditional front side profiled devices, an identical slight gradient in the A-site organic cation signal is observed in each case. This indicates that the apparent A-site cation gradient is a measurement artifact due to beam damage from the primary ion beam causing a continually decreasing ion yield for secondary ions of methylammonium and formamidinium. This is due to subsurface implantation and bond breaking from the 30 keV bismuth primary ion beam impact when profiling with too high of a data density. Here, we show that the beam-generated artifact associated with this damage can mostly be mitigated by altering the measurement conditions. We also report on a new method of depth profiling applied to PSC films that enables enhanced sensitivity to halide ions in positive measurement polarity, which can eliminate the need for a second measurement in negative polarity in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Harvey
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Fei Zhang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Axel Palmstrom
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Joseph M Luther
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Kai Zhu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Joseph J Berry
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
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262
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Fu Y, Hautzinger MP, Luo Z, Wang F, Pan D, Aristov MM, Guzei IA, Pan A, Zhu X, Jin S. Incorporating Large A Cations into Lead Iodide Perovskite Cages: Relaxed Goldschmidt Tolerance Factor and Impact on Exciton-Phonon Interaction. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1377-1386. [PMID: 31482120 PMCID: PMC6716133 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The stability and formation of a perovskite structure is dictated by the Goldschmidt tolerance factor as a general geometric guideline. The tolerance factor has limited the choice of cations (A) in 3D lead iodide perovskites (APbI3), an intriguing class of semiconductors for high-performance photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Here, we show the tolerance factor requirement is relaxed in 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites, enabling the incorporation of a variety of larger cations beyond the methylammonium (MA), formamidinium, and cesium ions in the lead iodide perovskite cages for the first time. This is unequivocally confirmed with the single-crystal X-ray structure of newly synthesized guanidinium (GA)-based (n-C6H13NH3)2(GA)Pb2I7, which exhibits significantly enlarged and distorted perovskite cage containing sterically constrained GA cation. Structural comparison with (n-C6H13NH3)2(MA)Pb2I7 reveals that the structural stabilization originates from the mitigation of strain accumulation and self-adjustable strain-balancing in 2D RP structures. Furthermore, spectroscopic studies show a large A cation significantly influences carrier dynamics and exciton-phonon interactions through modulating the inorganic sublattice. These results enrich the diverse families of perovskite materials, provide new insights into the mechanistic role of A-site cations on their physical properties, and have implications to solar device studies using engineered perovskite thin films incorporating such large organic cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Fu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew P. Hautzinger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ziyu Luo
- Key
Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Feifan Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dongxu Pan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael M. Aristov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key
Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Song Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- E-mail: (S.J.)
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Xie YM, Xu X, Ma C, Li M, Ma Y, Lee CS, Tsang SW. Synergistic Effect of Pseudo-Halide Thiocyanate Anion and Cesium Cation on Realizing High-Performance Pinhole-Free MA-Based Wide-Band Gap Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25909-25916. [PMID: 31264400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The performance of wide-band gap perovskite solar cells has a profound impact on the multijunction tandem device efficiency. However, once bromide (Br-) has been adopted to substitute the iodide (I-) in the MAPbI3 framework, it becomes very challenging to achieve uniform and high crystalline perovskite films. Here, a synergistic effect of pseudo-halide anion thiocyanate (SCN-) and inorganic cation cesium (Cs+) on the crystallization and film formation of MA-based wide-band gap perovskite is reported. It is found that the intrinsic ability of SCN- for increasing the perovskite crystal size can make the crystallization process more tolerable to the different affinity of the initial inhomogeneous small particles. However, the introduction of SCN- usually comes along with undesired large PbI2 aggregates. By further incorporating Cs+ in the precursor solution to improve the solubility of the halide/pseudo-halide coordination to Pb2+, the formation of the aggregated PbI2 particles is successfully inhibited. As a result, uniform pinhole-free MA0.9Cs0.1PbI2Br(SCN)0.08 perovskites with a wide band gap of 1.77 eV can be achieved. The corresponding photovoltaic device exhibits a record-high fill-factor over 80% and a promising power conversion efficiency of 16.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Min Xie
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China
| | - Xiuwen Xu
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China
| | | | - Menglin Li
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China
| | | | - Sai-Wing Tsang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China
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Theofylaktos L, Kosmatos KO, Giannakaki E, Kourti H, Deligiannis D, Konstantakou M, Stergiopoulos T. Perovskites with d-block metals for solar energy applications. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9516-9537. [PMID: 31225556 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01485c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pb2+ halide organic-inorganic perovskites are excellent semiconductors for use in solar energy applications, but at the expense of robustness and environmental compatibility. Tin (Sn), which sits just above lead in the periodic table, forms pure (or mixed with lead) perovskites when at the 2+ or 4+ oxidation state. It can act as a promising alternative; however, there are still some serious concerns regarding its suitability. This presents a major challenge; viable metal cations have to be identified. A good number of elements, originating from a large range of d-block metal ions, with adequate oxidation states, moderate toxicity, and relative abundance, seem ideal for this purpose. In this review, we present the most characteristic perovskites (conventional perovskites, layered, or double perovskites) that can be formed with the help of these metals. We focus on d-block metal ions with stable oxidation states, such as Ag+ or Ti4+, which have exhibited satisfactory photovoltaic properties until now. Further, we highlight the results involving compounds other than halide perovskites, such as oxides, chalcogenides, and nitrides (as well as oxyhalides, oxysulfides, and oxynitrides); a few of them are ferroelectric (based on Ti4+, Zr4+, Fe3+, and Cr3+) and can yield a photovoltage that exceeds the bandgap of the material. Finally, we present the critical challenges that currently limit the efficiency of these systems and propose prospects for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros Theofylaktos
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Chen X, Wang K, Beard MC. Ultrafast probes at the interfaces of solar energy conversion materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16399-16407. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02768h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transient reflection, photoreflectance and attenuated total reflection spectroscopy are developed to understand the ultrafast interfacial dynamics of solar conversion materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Chen
- Chemistry and Nano Science Center
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Golden
- USA
| | - Kang Wang
- Chemistry and Nano Science Center
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Golden
- USA
| | - Matthew C. Beard
- Chemistry and Nano Science Center
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Golden
- USA
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