1
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Iqbal AN, Orr KWP, Nagane S, Ferrer Orri J, Doherty TAS, Jung YK, Chiang YH, Selby TA, Lu Y, Mirabelli AJ, Baldwin A, Ooi ZY, Gu Q, Anaya M, Stranks SD. Composition Dictates Octahedral Tilt and Photostability in Halide Perovskites. Adv Mater 2024:e2307508. [PMID: 38728063 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are excellent candidate materials for use in solar cell, LED, and detector devices, in part because their composition can be tuned to achieve ideal optoelectronic properties. Empirical efficiency optimization has led the field toward compositions rich in FA (formamidinium) on the A-site and I on the X-site, with additional small amounts of MA (methylammonium) or Cs A-site cations and Br X-site anions. However, it is not clear how and why the specific compositions of alloyed, that is, mixed component, halide perovskites relate to photo-stability of the materials. Here, this work combines synchrotron grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, photoluminescence, high-resolution scanning electron diffraction measurements and theoretical modelling to reveal the links between material structure and photostability. Namely, this work finds that increased octahedral titling leads to improved photo-stability that is correlated with lower densities of performance-harming hexagonal polytype impurities. These results uncover the structural signatures underpinning photo-stability and can therefore be used to make targeted changes to halide perovskites, bettering the commercial prospects of technologies based on these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Affan N Iqbal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Kieran W P Orr
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Satyawan Nagane
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Jordi Ferrer Orri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Young-Kwang Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Thomas A Selby
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Alessandro J Mirabelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Alan Baldwin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Zher Ying Ooi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Qichun Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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2
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Bueno J, Carretero Palacios S, Anaya M. Synergetic Near- and Far-Field Plasmonic Effects for Optimal All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells with Maximized Infrared Absorption. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2632-2638. [PMID: 38420917 PMCID: PMC10926158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency and reliability of perovskite solar cells have rapidly increased in conjunction with the proposition of advanced single-junction and multi-junction designs that allow light harvesting to be maximized. However, Sn-based compositions required for optimized all-perovskite tandem devices have reduced absorption coefficients, as opposed to pure Pb perovskites. To overcome this, we investigate near- and far-field plasmonic effects to locally enhance the light absorption of infrared photons. Through optimization of the metal type, particle size, and volume concentration, we maximize effective light harvesting while minimizing parasitic absorption in all-perovskite tandem devices. Interestingly, incorporating 240 nm silver particles into the Pb-Sn perovskite layer with a volume concentration of 3.1% indicates an absolute power conversion efficiency enhancement of 2% in the tandem system. We present a promising avenue for experimentalists to realize ultrathin all-perovskite tandem devices with optimized charge carrier collection, diminishing the weight and the use of Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Bueno
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sol Carretero Palacios
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes SN, Sevilla 41012, Spain
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3
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Ghosh J, O’Neill J, Masteghin MG, Braddock I, Crean C, Dorey R, Salway H, Anaya M, Reiss J, Wolfe D, Sellin P. Surfactant-Dependent Bulk Scale Mechanochemical Synthesis of CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals for Plastic Scintillator-Based X-ray Imaging. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2023; 6:14980-14990. [PMID: 37649835 PMCID: PMC10463220 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c02531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile, solvent-free surfactant-dependent mechanochemical synthesis of highly luminescent CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) and study their scintillation properties. A small amount of surfactant oleylamine (OAM) plays an important role in the two-step ball milling method to control the size and emission properties of the NCs. The solid-state synthesized perovskite NCs exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of up to 88% with excellent stability. CsPbBr3 NCs capped with different amounts of surfactant were dispersed in toluene and mixed with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer and cast into scintillator discs. With increasing concentration of OAM during synthesis, the PL yield of CsPbBr3/PMMA nanocomposite was increased, which is attributed to reduced NC aggregation and PL quenching. We also varied the perovskite loading concentration in the nanocomposite and studied the resulting emission properties. The most intense PL emission was observed from the 2% perovskite-loaded disc, while the 10% loaded disc exhibited the highest radioluminescence (RL) emission from 50 kV X-rays. The strong RL yield may be attributed to the deep penetration of X-rays into the composite, combined with the large interaction cross-section of the X-rays with the high-Z atoms within the NCs. The nanocomposite disc shows an intense RL emission peak centered at 536 nm and a fast RL decay time of 29.4 ns. Further, we have demonstrated the X-ray imaging performance of a 10% CsPbBr3 NC-loaded nanocomposite disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip Ghosh
- Department
of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Joseph O’Neill
- Department
of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Mateus G. Masteghin
- Advanced
Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Isabel Braddock
- Department
of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Carol Crean
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Robert Dorey
- School
of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University
of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Hayden Salway
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
- Departamento
Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Ciencia
de Materiales de Sevilla, Universidad de
Sevilla−CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes SN, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Justin Reiss
- Applied
Research
Laboratory, Materials Science and Engineering Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Douglas Wolfe
- Applied
Research
Laboratory, Materials Science and Engineering Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Paul Sellin
- Department
of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K.
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4
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Chiang YH, Frohna K, Salway H, Abfalterer A, Pan L, Roose B, Anaya M, Stranks SD. Vacuum-Deposited Wide-Bandgap Perovskite for All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells. ACS Energy Lett 2023; 8:2728-2737. [PMID: 37324541 PMCID: PMC10262197 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All-perovskite tandem solar cells beckon as lower cost alternatives to conventional single-junction cells. Solution processing has enabled rapid optimization of perovskite solar technologies, but new deposition routes will enable modularity and scalability, facilitating technology adoption. Here, we utilize 4-source vacuum deposition to deposit FA0.7Cs0.3Pb(IxBr1-x)3 perovskite, where the bandgap is changed through fine control over the halide content. We show how using MeO-2PACz as a hole-transporting material and passivating the perovskite with ethylenediammonium diiodide reduces nonradiative losses, resulting in efficiencies of 17.8% in solar cells based on vacuum-deposited perovskites with a bandgap of 1.76 eV. By similarly passivating a narrow-bandgap FA0.75Cs0.25Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 perovskite and combining it with a subcell of evaporated FA0.7Cs0.3Pb(I0.64Br0.36)3, we report a 2-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cell with champion open circuit voltage and efficiency of 2.06 V and 24.1%, respectively. This dry deposition method enables high reproducibility, opening avenues for modular, scalable multijunction devices even in complex architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Hayden Salway
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Abfalterer
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Linfeng Pan
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Bart Roose
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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5
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Ruggeri E, Anaya M, Gałkowski K, Abfalterer A, Chiang YH, Ji K, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Stranks SD. Halide Remixing under Device Operation Imparts Stability on Mixed-Cation Mixed-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2202163. [PMID: 35866352 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-halide mixed-cation hybrid perovskites are among the most promising perovskite compositions for application in a variety of optoelectronic devices due to their high performance, low cost, and bandgap-tuning capabilities. Instability pathways such as those driven by ionic migration, however, continue to hinder their further progress. Here, an operando variable-pitch synchrotron grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering technique is used to track the surface and bulk structural changes in mixed-halide mixed-cation perovskite solar cells under continuous load and illumination. By monitoring the evolution of the material structure, it is demonstrated that halide remixing along the electric field and illumination direction during operation hinders phase segregation and limits device instability. Correlating the evolution with directionality- and depth-dependent analyses, it is proposed that this halide remixing is induced by an electrostrictive effect acting along the substrate out-of-plane direction. However, this stabilizing effect is overwhelmed by competing halide demixing processes in devices exposed to humid air or with poorer starting performance. The findings shed new light on understanding halide de- and re-mixing competitions and their impact on device longevity. These operando techniques allow real-time tracking of the structural evolution in full optoelectronic devices and unveil otherwise inaccessible insights into rapid structural evolution under external stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Ruggeri
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Krzysztof Gałkowski
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudzia̧dzka 5, Toruń, 87-100, Poland
| | - Anna Abfalterer
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Kangyu Ji
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Zahra Andaji-Garmaroudi
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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6
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Macpherson S, Doherty TAS, Winchester AJ, Kosar S, Johnstone DN, Chiang YH, Galkowski K, Anaya M, Frohna K, Iqbal AN, Nagane S, Roose B, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Orr KWP, Parker JE, Midgley PA, Dani KM, Stranks SD. Local Nanoscale Phase Impurities are Degradation Sites in Halide Perovskites. Nature 2022; 607:294-300. [PMID: 35609624 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the nanoscopic chemical and structural changes that drive instabilities in emerging energy materials is essential for mitigating device degradation. The power conversion efficiency of halide perovskite photovoltaic devices has reached 25.7% in single junction and 29.8% in tandem perovskite/silicon cells1,2, yet retaining such performance under continuous operation has remained elusive3. Here, we develop a multimodal microscopy toolkit to reveal that in leading formamidinium-rich perovskite absorbers, nanoscale phase impurities including hexagonal polytype and lead iodide inclusions are not only traps for photo-excited carriers which themselves reduce performance4,5, but via the same trapping process are sites at which photochemical degradation of the absorber layer is seeded. We visualise illumination-induced structural changes at phase impurities associated with trap clusters, revealing that even trace amounts of these phases, otherwise undetected with bulk measurements, compromise device longevity. The type and distribution of these unwanted phase inclusions depends on film composition and processing, with the presence of polytypes being most detrimental for film photo-stability. Importantly, we reveal that performance losses and intrinsic degradation processes can both be mitigated by modulating these defective phase impurities, and demonstrate that this requires careful tuning of local structural and chemical properties. This multimodal workflow to correlate the nanoscopic landscape of beam sensitive energy materials will be applicable to a wide range of semiconductors for which a local picture of performance and operational stability has yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Macpherson
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Winchester
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sofiia Kosar
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Duncan N Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krzystof Galkowski
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Affan N Iqbal
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Satyawan Nagane
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bart Roose
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kieran W P Orr
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia E Parker
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keshav M Dani
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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7
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Frohna K, Anaya M, Macpherson S, Sung J, Doherty TAS, Chiang YH, Winchester AJ, Orr KWP, Parker JE, Quinn PD, Dani KM, Rao A, Stranks SD. Nanoscale chemical heterogeneity dominates the optoelectronic response of alloyed perovskite solar cells. Nat Nanotechnol 2022; 17:190-196. [PMID: 34811554 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites perform remarkably in optoelectronic devices. However, this exceptional performance is striking given that perovskites exhibit deep charge-carrier traps and spatial compositional and structural heterogeneity, all of which should be detrimental to performance. Here, we resolve this long-standing paradox by providing a global visualization of the nanoscale chemical, structural and optoelectronic landscape in halide perovskite devices, made possible through the development of a new suite of correlative, multimodal microscopy measurements combining quantitative optical spectroscopic techniques and synchrotron nanoprobe measurements. We show that compositional disorder dominates the optoelectronic response over a weaker influence of nanoscale strain variations even of large magnitude. Nanoscale compositional gradients drive carrier funnelling onto local regions associated with low electronic disorder, drawing carrier recombination away from trap clusters associated with electronic disorder and leading to high local photoluminescence quantum efficiency. These measurements reveal a global picture of the competitive nanoscale landscape, which endows enhanced defect tolerance in devices through spatial chemical disorder that outcompetes both electronic and structural disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Jooyoung Sung
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Winchester
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Japan
| | - Kieran W P Orr
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia E Parker
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Paul D Quinn
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Keshav M Dani
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Japan
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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8
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Doherty TAS, Nagane S, Kubicki DJ, Jung YK, Johnstone DN, Iqbal AN, Guo D, Frohna K, Danaie M, Tennyson EM, Macpherson S, Abfalterer A, Anaya M, Chiang YH, Crout P, Ruggeri FS, Collins S, Grey CP, Walsh A, Midgley PA, Stranks SD. Stabilized tilted-octahedra halide perovskites inhibit local formation of performance-limiting phases. Science 2021; 374:1598-1605. [PMID: 34941391 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Satyawan Nagane
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominik J Kubicki
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Young-Kwang Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duncan N Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Affan N Iqbal
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dengyang Guo
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohsen Danaie
- Electron Physical Science Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Didcot, UK.,Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Tennyson
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stuart Macpherson
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Abfalterer
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phillip Crout
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Simone Ruggeri
- Laboratories of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sean Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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9
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Kosar S, Winchester AJ, Doherty TAS, Macpherson S, Petoukhoff CE, Frohna K, Anaya M, Chan NS, Madéo J, Man MKL, Stranks SD, Dani KM. Unraveling the varied nature and roles of defects in hybrid halide perovskites with time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy. Energy Environ Sci 2021; 14:6320-6328. [PMID: 35003331 PMCID: PMC8658252 DOI: 10.1039/d1ee02055b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With rapidly growing photoconversion efficiencies, hybrid perovskite solar cells have emerged as promising contenders for next generation, low-cost photovoltaic technologies. Yet, the presence of nanoscale defect clusters, that form during the fabrication process, remains critical to overall device operation, including efficiency and long-term stability. To successfully deploy hybrid perovskites, we must understand the nature of the different types of defects, assess their potentially varied roles in device performance, and understand how they respond to passivation strategies. Here, by correlating photoemission and synchrotron-based scanning probe X-ray microscopies, we unveil three different types of defect clusters in state-of-the-art triple cation mixed halide perovskite thin films. Incorporating ultrafast time-resolution into our photoemission measurements, we show that defect clusters originating at grain boundaries are the most detrimental for photocarrier trapping, while lead iodide defect clusters are relatively benign. Hexagonal polytype defect clusters are only mildly detrimental individually, but can have a significant impact overall if abundant in occurrence. We also show that passivating defects with oxygen in the presence of light, a previously used approach to improve efficiency, has a varied impact on the different types of defects. Even with just mild oxygen treatment, the grain boundary defects are completely healed, while the lead iodide defects begin to show signs of chemical alteration. Our findings highlight the need for multi-pronged strategies tailored to selectively address the detrimental impact of the different defect types in hybrid perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiia Kosar
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Andrew J Winchester
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Stuart Macpherson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Christopher E Petoukhoff
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Nicholas S Chan
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Julien Madéo
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Michael K L Man
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Keshav M Dani
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
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10
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Yuan S, Cui LS, Dai L, Liu Y, Liu QW, Sun YQ, Auras F, Anaya M, Zheng X, Ruggeri E, Yu YJ, Qu YK, Abdi-Jalebi M, Bakr OM, Wang ZK, Stranks SD, Greenham NC, Liao LS, Friend RH. Efficient and Spectrally Stable Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Employing a Cationic π-Conjugated Polymer. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2103640. [PMID: 34558117 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite semiconductors have demonstrated remarkable potentials in solution-processed blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the unsatisfied efficiency and spectral stability responsible for trap-mediated non-radiative losses and halide phase segregation remain the primary unsolved challenges for blue perovskite LEDs. In this study, it is reported that a fluorene-based π-conjugated cationic polymer can be blended with the perovskite semiconductor to control film formation and optoelectronic properties. As a result, sky-blue and true-blue perovskite LEDs with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.08, 0.22) and (0.12, 0.13) at the record external quantum efficiencies of 11.2% and 8.0% were achieved. In addition, the mixed halide perovskites with the conjugated cationic polymer exhibit excellent spectral stability under external bias. This result illustrates that π-conjugated cationic polymers have a great potential to realize efficient blue mixed-halide perovskite LEDs with stable electroluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Lin-Song Cui
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Linjie Dai
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yun Liu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Qing-Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yu-Qi Sun
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Florian Auras
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Edoardo Ruggeri
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - You-Jun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yang-Kun Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Osman M Bakr
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhao-Kui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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11
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Moseley ODI, Doherty TAS, Parmee R, Anaya M, Stranks SD. Halide perovskites scintillators: unique promise and current limitations. J Mater Chem C Mater 2021; 9:11588-11604. [PMID: 34671480 PMCID: PMC8444306 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc01595h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of X- and gamma-rays in a range of sectors including healthcare, security and industrial screening is underpinned by the efficient detection of the ionising radiation. Such detector applications are dominated by indirect detectors in which a scintillating material is combined with a photodetector. Halide perovskites have recently emerged as an interesting class of semiconductors, showing enormous promise in optoelectronic applications including solar cells, light-emitting diodes and photodetectors. Here, we discuss how the same superior semiconducting properties that have catalysed their rapid development in these optoelectronic devices, including high photon attenuation and fast and efficient emission properties, also make them promising scintillator materials. By outlining the key mechanisms of their operation as scintillators, we show why reports of remarkable performance have already emerged, and describe how further learning from other optoelectronic devices will propel forward their applications as scintillators. Finally, we outline where these materials can make the greatest impact in detector applications by maximally exploiting their unique properties, leading to dramatic improvements in existing detection systems or introducing entirely new functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D I Moseley
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Richard Parmee
- Cheyney Design and Development, Ltd., Litlington Cambridge SG8 0SS UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
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12
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Bowman AR, Lang F, Chiang YH, Jiménez-Solano A, Frohna K, Eperon GE, Ruggeri E, Abdi-Jalebi M, Anaya M, Lotsch BV, Stranks SD. Relaxed Current Matching Requirements in Highly Luminescent Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells and Their Fundamental Efficiency Limits. ACS Energy Lett 2021; 6:612-620. [PMID: 33614966 PMCID: PMC7887871 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite-based tandem solar cells are of increasing interest as they approach commercialization. Here we use experimental parameters from optical spectroscopy measurements to calculate the limiting efficiency of perovskite-silicon and all-perovskite two-terminal tandems, employing currently available bandgap materials, as 42.0% and 40.8%, respectively. We show luminescence coupling between subcells (the optical transfer of photons from the high-bandgap to low-bandgap subcell) relaxes current matching when the high-bandgap subcell is a luminescent perovskite. We calculate that luminescence coupling becomes important at charge trapping rates (≤106 s-1) already being achieved in relevant halide perovskites. Luminescence coupling increases flexibility in subcell thicknesses and tolerance to different spectral conditions. For maximal benefit, the high-bandgap subcell should have the higher short-circuit current under average spectral conditions. This can be achieved by reducing the bandgap of the high-bandgap subcell, allowing wider, unstable bandgap compositions to be avoided. Lastly, we visualize luminescence coupling in an all-perovskite tandem through cross-section luminescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Bowman
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of
Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Lang
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of
Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of
Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Jiménez-Solano
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Nanochemistry Department, Heisenberg Strasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of
Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Giles E. Eperon
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 16253 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Edoardo Ruggeri
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of
Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of
Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of
Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina V. Lotsch
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Nanochemistry Department, Heisenberg Strasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Butenandtstrasse
5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
- E-conversion, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of
Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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13
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Yang X, Luo D, Xiang Y, Zhao L, Anaya M, Shen Y, Wu J, Yang W, Chiang YH, Tu Y, Su R, Hu Q, Yu H, Shao G, Huang W, Russell TP, Gong Q, Stranks SD, Zhang W, Zhu R. Buried Interfaces in Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2006435. [PMID: 33393159 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the fundamental properties of buried interfaces in perovskite photovoltaics is of paramount importance to the enhancement of device efficiency and stability. Nevertheless, accessing buried interfaces poses a sizeable challenge because of their non-exposed feature. Herein, the mystery of the buried interface in full device stacks is deciphered by combining advanced in situ spectroscopy techniques with a facile lift-off strategy. By establishing the microstructure-property relations, the basic losses at the contact interfaces are systematically presented, and it is found that the buried interface losses induced by both the sub-microscale extended imperfections and lead-halide inhomogeneities are major roadblocks toward improvement of device performance. The losses can be considerably mitigated by the use of a passivation-molecule-assisted microstructural reconstruction, which unlocks the full potential for improving device performance. The findings open a new avenue to understanding performance losses and thus the design of new passivation strategies to remove imperfections at the top surfaces and buried interfaces of perovskite photovoltaics, resulting in substantial enhancement in device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Deying Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuren Xiang
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Lichen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yonglong Shen
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Material (SCICDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yongguang Tu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Rui Su
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Hongyu Yu
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guosheng Shao
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Material (SCICDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226010, China
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Wei Zhang
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226010, China
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14
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Chiang YH, Anaya M, Stranks SD. Multisource Vacuum Deposition of Methylammonium-Free Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Energy Lett 2020; 5:2498-2504. [PMID: 32832697 PMCID: PMC7437071 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites of the form ABX3 have shown outstanding properties for solar cells. The highest reported compositions consist of mixtures of A-site cations methylammonium (MA), formamidinium (FA) and cesium, and X-site iodide and bromide ions, and are produced by solution processing. However, it is unclear whether solution processing will yield sufficient spatial performance uniformity for large-scale photovoltaic modules or compatibility with deposition of multilayered tandem solar cell stacks. In addition, the volatile MA cation presents long-term stability issues. Here, we report the multisource vacuum deposition of FA0.7Cs0.3Pb(I0.9Br0.1)3 perovskite thin films with high-quality morphological, structural, and optoelectronic properties. We find that the controlled addition of excess PbI2 during the deposition is critical for achieving high performance and stability of the absorber material, and we fabricate p-i-n solar cells with stabilized power output of 18.2%. We also reveal the sensitivity of the deposition process to a range of parameters, including substrate, annealing temperature, evaporation rates, and source purity, providing a guide for further evaporation efforts. Our results demonstrate the enormous promise for MA-free perovskite solar cells employing industry-scalable multisource evaporation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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15
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Bowman AR, Anaya M, Greenham NC, Stranks SD. Quantifying Photon Recycling in Solar Cells and Light-Emitting Diodes: Absorption and Emission Are Always Key. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:067401. [PMID: 32845686 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.067401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Photon recycling has received increased attention in recent years following its observation in halide perovskites. It has been shown to lower the effective bimolecular recombination rate and thus increase excitation densities within a material. Here we introduce a general framework to quantify photon recycling which can be applied to any material. We apply our model to idealized solar cells and light-emitting diodes based on halide perovskites. By varying controllable parameters which affect photon recycling, namely, thickness, charge trapping rate, nonideal transmission at interfaces, and absorptance, we quantify the effect of each on photon recycling. In both device types, we demonstrate that maximizing absorption and emission processes remains paramount for optimizing devices, even if this is at the expense of photon recycling. Our results provide new insight into quantifying photon recycling in optoelectronic devices and demonstrate that photon recycling cannot always be seen as a beneficial process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Bowman
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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16
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Shamsi J, Kubicki D, Anaya M, Liu Y, Ji K, Frohna K, Grey CP, Friend RH, Stranks SD. Stable Hexylphosphonate-Capped Blue-Emitting Quantum-Confined CsPbBr 3 Nanoplatelets. ACS Energy Lett 2020; 5:1900-1907. [PMID: 32566752 PMCID: PMC7296617 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-confined CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets (NPLs) are extremely promising for use in low-cost blue light-emitting diodes, but their tendency to coalesce in both solution and film form, particularly under operating device conditions with injected charge-carriers, is hindering their adoption. We show that employing a short hexyl-phosphonate ligand (C6H15O3P) in a heat-up colloidal approach for pure, blue-emitting quantum-confined CsPbBr3 NPLs significantly suppresses these coalescence phenomena compared to particles capped with the typical oleyammonium ligands. The phosphonate-passivated NPL thin films exhibit photoluminescence quantum yields of ∼40% at 450 nm with exceptional ambient and thermal stability. The color purity is preserved even under continuous photoexcitation of carriers equivalent to LED current densities of ∼3.5 A/cm2. 13C, 133Cs, and 31P solid-state MAS NMR reveal the presence of phosphonate on the surface. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the enhanced stability is due to the stronger binding affinity of the phosphonate ligand compared to the ammonium ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Shamsi
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Dominik Kubicki
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Yun Liu
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kangyu Ji
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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17
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Stavrakas C, Delport G, Zhumekenov AA, Anaya M, Chahbazian R, Bakr OM, Barnard ES, Stranks SD. Visualizing Buried Local Carrier Diffusion in Halide Perovskite Crystals via Two-Photon Microscopy. ACS Energy Lett 2020; 5:117-123. [PMID: 32055687 PMCID: PMC7009023 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites have shown great potential for light emission and photovoltaic applications due to their remarkable electronic properties. Although the device performances are promising, they are still limited by microscale heterogeneities in their photophysical properties. Here, we study the impact of these heterogeneities on the diffusion of charge carriers, which are processes crucial for efficient collection of charges in light-harvesting devices. A photoluminescence tomography technique is developed in a confocal microscope using one- and two-photon excitation to distinguish between local surface and bulk diffusion of charge carriers in methylammonium lead bromide single crystals. We observe a large dispersion of local diffusion coefficients with values between 0.3 and 2 cm2·s-1 depending on the trap density and the morphological environment-a distribution that would be missed from analogous macroscopic or surface measurements. This work reveals a new framework to understand diffusion pathways, which are extremely sensitive to local properties and buried defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Stavrakas
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Géraud Delport
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ayan A. Zhumekenov
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemonde Chahbazian
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward S. Barnard
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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18
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Ruggeri E, Anaya M, Gałkowski K, Delport G, Kosasih FU, Abfalterer A, Mackowski S, Ducati C, Stranks SD. Controlling the Growth Kinetics and Optoelectronic Properties of 2D/3D Lead-Tin Perovskite Heterojunctions. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1905247. [PMID: 31709688 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are emerging as valid alternatives to conventional photovoltaic active materials owing to their low cost and high device performances. This material family also shows exceptional tunability of properties by varying chemical components, crystal structure, and dimensionality, providing a unique set of building blocks for new structures. Here, highly stable self-assembled lead-tin perovskite heterostructures formed between low-bandgap 3D and higher-bandgap 2D components are demonstrated. A combination of surface-sensitive X-ray diffraction, spatially resolved photoluminescence, and electron microscopy measurements is used to reveal that microstructural heterojunctions form between high-bandgap 2D surface crystallites and lower-bandgap 3D domains. Furthermore, in situ X-ray diffraction measurements are used during film formation to show that an ammonium thiocyanate additive delays formation of the 3D component and thus provides a tunable lever to substantially increase the fraction of 2D surface crystallites. These novel heterostructures will find use in bottom cells for stable tandem photovoltaics with a surface 2D layer passivating the 3D material, or in energy-transfer devices requiring controlled energy flow from localized surface crystallites to the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Ruggeri
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Krzysztof Gałkowski
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5th Grudziądzka St., 87-100, Toruć, Poland
| | - Géraud Delport
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Felix Utama Kosasih
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Anna Abfalterer
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sebastian Mackowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5th Grudziądzka St., 87-100, Toruć, Poland
| | - Caterina Ducati
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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19
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Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Abdi-Jalebi M, Guo D, Macpherson S, Sadhanala A, Tennyson EM, Ruggeri E, Anaya M, Galkowski K, Shivanna R, Lohmann K, Frohna K, Mackowski S, Savenije TJ, Friend RH, Stranks SD. A Highly Emissive Surface Layer in Mixed-Halide Multication Perovskites. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1902374. [PMID: 31489713 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-halide lead perovskites have attracted significant attention in the field of photovoltaics and other optoelectronic applications due to their promising bandgap tunability and device performance. Here, the changes in photoluminescence and photoconductance of solution-processed triple-cation mixed-halide (Cs0.06 MA0.15 FA0.79 )Pb(Br0.4 I0.6 )3 perovskite films (MA: methylammonium, FA: formamidinium) are studied under solar-equivalent illumination. It is found that the illumination leads to localized surface sites of iodide-rich perovskite intermixed with passivating PbI2 material. Time- and spectrally resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal that photoexcited charges efficiently transfer to the passivated iodide-rich perovskite surface layer, leading to high local carrier densities on these sites. The carriers on this surface layer therefore recombine with a high radiative efficiency, with the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the film under solar excitation densities increasing from 3% to over 45%. At higher excitation densities, nonradiative Auger recombination starts to dominate due to the extremely high concentration of charges on the surface layer. This work reveals new insight into phase segregation of mixed-halide mixed-cation perovskites, as well as routes to highly luminescent films by controlling charge density and transfer in novel device structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dengyang Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | | | - Edoardo Ruggeri
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Krzysztof Galkowski
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5th Grudziądzka St., 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Kilian Lohmann
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sebastian Mackowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5th Grudziądzka St., 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Tom J Savenije
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
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20
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Hoye RLZ, Lai ML, Anaya M, Tong Y, Gałkowski K, Doherty T, Li W, Huq TN, Mackowski S, Polavarapu L, Feldmann J, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Friend RH, Urban AS, Stranks SD. Identifying and Reducing Interfacial Losses to Enhance Color-Pure Electroluminescence in Blue-Emitting Perovskite Nanoplatelet Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS Energy Lett 2019; 4:1181-1188. [PMID: 31119197 PMCID: PMC6516044 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite nanoplatelets (NPls) hold promise for light-emitting applications, having achieved photoluminescence quantum efficiencies approaching unity in the blue wavelength range, where other metal-halide perovskites have typically been ineffective. However, the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of blue-emitting NPl light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have reached only 0.12%. In this work, we show that NPl LEDs are primarily limited by a poor electronic interface between the emitter and hole injector. We show that the NPls have remarkably deep ionization potentials (≥6.5 eV), leading to large barriers for hole injection, as well as substantial nonradiative decay at the NPl/hole-injector interface. We find that an effective way to reduce these nonradiative losses is by using poly(triarylamine) interlayers, which lead to an increase in the EQE of the blue (464 nm emission wavelength) and sky-blue (489 nm emission wavelength) LEDs to 0.3% and 0.55%, respectively. Our work also identifies the key challenges for further efficiency increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Z. Hoye
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
- E-mail: (R. L. Z. Hoye)
| | - May-Ling Lai
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Yu Tong
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Gałkowski
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5th Grudziadzka St., 87−100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tiarnan Doherty
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Tahmida N. Huq
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Sebastian Mackowski
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5th Grudziadzka St., 87−100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Alexander S. Urban
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanospectroscopy
Group, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- E-mail: (S. D. Stranks)
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21
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Poudel C, Mela I, Anaya M, Delport G, Stranks SD, Kaminski CF. Correlative AFM-FLIM Measurements in Living Cells, Tissues and in Solar Cell Materials. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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22
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Rubino A, Anaya M, Galisteo-López JF, Rojas TC, Calvo ME, Míguez H. Highly Efficient and Environmentally Stable Flexible Color Converters Based on Confined CH 3NH 3PbBr 3 Nanocrystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:38334-38340. [PMID: 30360096 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate a synthetic route to attain methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3) perovskite nanocrystals (nc-MAPbBr3, 1.5 nm < size < 3 nm) and provide them with functionality as highly efficient flexible, transparent, environmentally stable, and adaptable color-converting films. We use nanoparticle metal oxide (MOx) thin films as porous scaffolds of controlled nanopores size distribution to synthesize nc-MAPbBr3 through the infiltration of perovskite liquid precursors. We find that the control over the reaction volume imposed by the nanoporous scaffold gives rise to a strict control of the nanocrystal size, which allows us to observe well-defined quantum confinement effects on the photo-emission, being the luminescence maximum tunable with precision between λ = 530 nm (green) and λ = 490 nm (blue). This hybrid nc-MAPbBr3/MOx structure presents high mechanical stability and permits subsequent infiltration with an elastomer to achieve a self-standing flexible film, which not only maintains the photo-emission efficiency of the nc-MAPbBr3 unaltered but also prevents their environmental degradation. Applications as adaptable color-converting layers for light-emitting devices are envisaged and demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rubino
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville , Spanish National Research Council-University of Seville , C/Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 Seville , Spain
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville , Spanish National Research Council-University of Seville , C/Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 Seville , Spain
| | - Juan F Galisteo-López
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville , Spanish National Research Council-University of Seville , C/Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 Seville , Spain
| | - T Cristina Rojas
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville , Spanish National Research Council-University of Seville , C/Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 Seville , Spain
| | - Mauricio E Calvo
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville , Spanish National Research Council-University of Seville , C/Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 Seville , Spain
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville , Spanish National Research Council-University of Seville , C/Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 Seville , Spain
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23
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Anaya M, Galisteo-López JF, Calvo ME, Espinós JP, Míguez H. Origin of Light-Induced Photophysical Effects in Organic Metal Halide Perovskites in the Presence of Oxygen. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3891-3896. [PMID: 29926730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a combined study of the evolution of both the photoluminescence (PL) and the surface chemical structure of organic metal halide perovskites as the environmental oxygen pressure rises from ultrahigh vacuum up to a few thousandths of an atmosphere. Analyzing the changes occurring at the semiconductor surface upon photoexcitation under a controlled oxygen atmosphere in an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) chamber, we can rationalize the rich variety of photophysical phenomena observed and provide a plausible explanation for light-induced ion migration, one of the most conspicuous and debated concomitant effects detected during photoexcitation. We find direct evidence of the formation of a superficial layer of negatively charged oxygen species capable of repelling the halide anions away from the surface and toward the bulk. The reported PL transient dynamics, the partial recovery of the initial state when photoexcitation stops, and the eventual degradation after intense exposure times can thus be rationalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Anaya
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla , C/Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Juan F Galisteo-López
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla , C/Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Mauricio E Calvo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla , C/Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Juan P Espinós
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla , C/Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla , C/Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 Sevilla , Spain
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24
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Anaya M, Zhang W, Hames BC, Li Y, Fabregat-Santiago F, Calvo ME, Snaith HJ, Míguez H, Mora-Seró I. Electron injection and scaffold effects in perovskite solar cells. J Mater Chem C Mater 2017; 5:634-644. [PMID: 28496981 PMCID: PMC5361135 DOI: 10.1039/c6tc04639h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the impressive efficiencies reported for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), key aspects of their working principles, such as electron injection at the contacts or the suitability of the utilization of a specific scaffold layer, are not yet fully understood. Increasingly complex scaffolds attained by the sequential deposition of TiO2 and SiO2 mesoporous layers onto transparent conducting substrates are used to perform a systematic characterization of both the injection process at the electron selective contact and the scaffold effect in PSCs. By forcing multiple electron injection processes at a controlled sequence of perovskite-TiO2 interfaces before extraction, interfacial injection effects are magnified and hence characterized in detail. An anomalous injection behavior is observed, the fingerprint of which is the presence of significant inductive loops in the impedance spectra with a magnitude that correlates with the number of interfaces in the scaffold. Analysis of the resistive and capacitive behavior of the impedance spectra indicates that the scaffolds could hinder ion migration, with positive consequences such as lowering the recombination rate and implications for the current-potential curve hysteresis. Our results suggest that an appropriate balance between these advantageous effects and the unavoidable charge transport resistive losses introduced by the scaffolds will help in the optimization of PSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Anaya
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , CSIC-US , Avenida Américo Vespucio s/n , Isla de La Cartuja , 41092 , Sevilla , Spain .
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road , Oxford , X1 3PU , UK .
- School of Chemistry , University of Lincoln , Beevor Street , Lincoln LN6 7DL , UK
| | - Bruno Clasen Hames
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló , Spain .
| | - Yuelong Li
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , CSIC-US , Avenida Américo Vespucio s/n , Isla de La Cartuja , 41092 , Sevilla , Spain .
| | | | - Mauricio E Calvo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , CSIC-US , Avenida Américo Vespucio s/n , Isla de La Cartuja , 41092 , Sevilla , Spain .
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road , Oxford , X1 3PU , UK .
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , CSIC-US , Avenida Américo Vespucio s/n , Isla de La Cartuja , 41092 , Sevilla , Spain .
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló , Spain .
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25
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Anaya M, Correa-Baena JP, Lozano G, Saliba M, Anguita P, Roose B, Abate A, Steiner U, Grätzel M, Calvo ME, Hagfeldt A, Míguez H. Optical analysis of CH 3NH 3Sn x Pb 1-x I 3 absorbers: a roadmap for perovskite-on-perovskite tandem solar cells. J Mater Chem A Mater 2016; 4:11214-11221. [PMID: 27774148 PMCID: PMC5059782 DOI: 10.1039/c6ta04840d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic perovskite structures in which lead is substituted by tin are exceptional candidates for broadband light absorption. Herein we present a thorough analysis of the optical properties of CH3NH3Sn x Pb1-x I3 films, providing the field with definitive insights about the possibilities of these materials for perovskite solar cells of superior efficiency. We report a user's guide based on the first set of optical constants obtained for a series of tin/lead perovskite films, which was only possible to measure due to the preparation of optical quality thin layers. According to the Shockley-Queisser theory, CH3NH3Sn x Pb1-x I3 compounds promise a substantial enhancement of both short circuit photocurrent and power conversion efficiency in single junction solar cells. Moreover, we propose a novel tandem architecture design in which both top and bottom cells are made of perovskite absorbers. Our calculations indicate that such perovskite-on-perovskite tandem devices could reach efficiencies over 35%. Our analysis serves to establish the first roadmap for this type of cells based on actual optical characterization data. We foresee that this study will encourage the research on novel near-infrared perovskite materials for photovoltaic applications, which may have implications in the rapidly emerging field of tandem devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Anaya
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville , Spanish National Research Council-University of Seville , Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 , Seville , Spain .
| | - Juan P Correa-Baena
- Laboratory for Photomolecular Science , Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015-Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Gabriel Lozano
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville , Spanish National Research Council-University of Seville , Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 , Seville , Spain .
| | - Michael Saliba
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces , Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015-Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Pablo Anguita
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville , Spanish National Research Council-University of Seville , Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 , Seville , Spain .
| | - Bart Roose
- Adolphe Merkle Institute , Chemin des Verdiers 4 , CH-1700 Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - Antonio Abate
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces , Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015-Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute , Chemin des Verdiers 4 , CH-1700 Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces , Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015-Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Mauricio E Calvo
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville , Spanish National Research Council-University of Seville , Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 , Seville , Spain .
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory for Photomolecular Science , Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015-Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville , Spanish National Research Council-University of Seville , Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 , Seville , Spain .
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26
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Correa-Baena JP, Anaya M, Lozano G, Tress W, Domanski K, Saliba M, Matsui T, Jacobsson TJ, Calvo ME, Abate A, Grätzel M, Míguez H, Hagfeldt A. Unbroken Perovskite: Interplay of Morphology, Electro-optical Properties, and Ionic Movement. Adv Mater 2016; 28:5031-7. [PMID: 27122472 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials have risen up as leading components for light-harvesting applications. However, to date many questions are still open concerning the operation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A systematic analysis of the interplay among structural features, optoelectronic performance, and ionic movement behavior for FA0.83 MA0.17 Pb(I0.83 Br0.17 )3 PSCs is presented, which yield high power conversion efficiencies up to 20.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville, Spanish National Research Council-University of Seville, Av. Americo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Gabriel Lozano
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville, Spanish National Research Council-University of Seville, Av. Americo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Tress
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Domanski
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Saliba
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Taisuke Matsui
- Research Division, Panasonic Corporation, 1006 (Oaza Kadoma), Kadoma City, Osaka, 571-8501, Japan
| | - Tor Jesper Jacobsson
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mauricio E Calvo
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville, Spanish National Research Council-University of Seville, Av. Americo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Abate
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Ch. du. Musée 3, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville, Spanish National Research Council-University of Seville, Av. Americo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Brandimarte AL, Anaya M, Shimizu GY. Impact of damming on the Chironomidae of the upper zone of a tropical run-of-the-river reservoir. BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 76:402-11. [PMID: 26934147 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.16814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of the Mogi-Guaçu river damming (São Paulo State, Brazil) on the Chironomidae fauna. Pre, during, and post-filling sampling was carried out in the main channel and margins of one site in the upper zone of the reservoir, using a modified Petersen grab (325 cm2). We evaluated the total, subfamily, and tribe densities and also their relative abundance. Analysis of genera included densities, relative abundance, richness, and dominance. The Rosso's ecological value index (EVI) determined the ecological importance of each genus. There was a tendency of decrease of the total Chironomidae density, increase in the percentage of Chironomini, and decrease in densities and percentages of Orthocladiinae and Tanytarsini. These changes in percentage were respectively related to Polypedilum, Lopescladius, and Rheotanytarsus, the genera with the highest EVI values. After-filling richness was lower in the margins and dominance of genera did not change significantly. Chironomidae in the margins was more sensitive to damming than in the main channel. This difference in sensibility sustains the use of Chironomidae as bioindicators. Damming impact was indicated by the reduction of both genera richness in the margins and relative abundance of groups typical of faster waters. The results have highlighted the need for multi-habitat analysis combined with a before-after sampling approach in the environmental impact studies concerning the damming impact on the benthic fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Brandimarte
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Anaya
- Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - G Y Shimizu
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Anaya M, Galisteo-López JF, Calvo M, López C, Míguez H. Photophysical Analysis of the Formation of Organic-Inorganic Trihalide Perovskite Films: Identification and Characterization of Crystal Nucleation and Growth. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2016; 120:3071-3076. [PMID: 26949439 PMCID: PMC4774969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate that the different processes occurring during hybrid organic-inorganic lead iodide perovskite film formation can be identified and analyzed by a combined in situ analysis of their photophysical and structural properties. Our observations indicate that this approach permits unambiguously identifying the crystal nucleation and growth regimes that lead to the final material having a cubic crystallographic phase, which stabilizes to the well-known tetragonal phase upon cooling to room temperature. Strong correlation between the dynamic and static photoemission results and the temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction data allows us to provide a description and to establish an approximate time scale for each one of the stages and their evolution. The combined characterization approach herein explored yields key information about the kinetics of the process, such as the link between the evolution of the defect density during film formation, revealed by a fluctuating photoluminescence quantum yield, and the gradual changes observed in the PbI2-related precursor structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Anaya
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad
de Sevilla, C/Américo
Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan F. Galisteo-López
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad
de Sevilla, C/Américo
Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- J.G.: E-mail:
| | - Mauricio
E. Calvo
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad
de Sevilla, C/Américo
Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cefe López
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad
de Sevilla, C/Américo
Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- H.M.: E-mail:
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Abstract
The photophysical properties of films of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites under different ambient conditions are herein reported. We demonstrate that their luminescent properties are determined by the interplay between photoinduced activation and darkening processes, which strongly depend on the atmosphere surrounding the samples. We have isolated oxygen and moisture as the key elements in each process, activation and darkening, both of which involve the interaction with photogenerated carriers. These findings show that environmental factors play a key role in the performance of lead halide perovskites as efficient luminescent materials.
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Lisbona M, Aguilera C, Leon P, Anaya M, Rubio E, Povedano J, Muñoz M. SAT0290 Prospective Observational Study of 5-Year Follow-Up of Distal Radius Fractures in a Trauma Center. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.6403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Zhang W, Anaya M, Lozano G, Calvo M, Johnston MB, Míguez H, Snaith HJ. Highly efficient perovskite solar cells with tunable structural color. Nano Lett 2015; 15:1698-702. [PMID: 25650872 PMCID: PMC4386463 DOI: 10.1021/nl504349z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The performance of perovskite solar cells has been progressing over the past few years and efficiency is likely to continue to increase. However, a negative aspect for the integration of perovskite solar cells in the built environment is that the color gamut available in these materials is very limited and does not cover the green-to-blue region of the visible spectrum, which has been a big selling point for organic photovoltaics. Here, we integrate a porous photonic crystal (PC) scaffold within the photoactive layer of an opaque perovskite solar cell following a bottom-up approach employing inexpensive and scalable liquid processing techniques. The photovoltaic devices presented herein show high efficiency with tunable color across the visible spectrum. This now imbues the perovskite solar cells with highly desirable properties for cladding in the built environment and encourages design of sustainable colorful buildings and iridescent electric vehicles as future power generation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gabriel Lozano
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mauricio
E. Calvo
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michael B. Johnston
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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Anaya M, Lozano G, Calvo ME, Zhang W, Johnston MB, Snaith HJ, Míguez H. Optical Description of Mesostructured Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:48-53. [PMID: 26263090 DOI: 10.1021/jz502351s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe both theoretically and experimentally the optical response of solution-processed organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells based on mesostructured scaffolds. We develop a rigorous theoretical model using a method based on the propagation of waves in layered media, which allows visualizing the way in which light is spatially distributed across the device and serves to quantify the fraction of light absorbed by each medium comprising the cell. The discrimination between productive and parasitic absorption yields an accurate determination of the internal quantum efficiency. State-of-the-art devices integrating mesoporous scaffolds infiltrated with perovskite are manufactured and characterized to support the calculations. This combined experimental and theoretical analysis provides a rational understanding of the optical behavior of perovskite cells and can be beneficial for the judicious design of devices with improved performance. Notably, our model justifies the presence of a solid perovskite capping layer in all of the highest efficiency perovskite solar cells based on thinner mesoporous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Anaya
- †Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gabriel Lozano
- †Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mauricio E Calvo
- †Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Wei Zhang
- ‡Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford X1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B Johnston
- ‡Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford X1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J Snaith
- ‡Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford X1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Hernán Míguez
- †Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Keller R, Kwak M, de Vries JW, Sawaryn C, Wang J, Anaya M, Müllen K, Butt HJ, Herrmann A, Berger R. Properties of amphiphilic oligonucleotide films at the air/water interface and after film transfer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 111:439-45. [PMID: 23859875 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of amphiphilic hybrid materials containing an oligonucleotide sequence at the air/water interface was investigated by means of pressure-molecular area (Π-A) isotherms. In addition, films were transferred onto solid substrates and imaged using scanning force microscopy. We used oligonucleotide molecules with lipid tails, which consisted of a single stranded oligonucleotide 11 mer containing two hydrophobically modified 5-(dodec-1-ynyl)uracil nucleobases (dU11) at the 5'-end of the oligonucleotide sequence. The air/water interface was used as confinement for the self-assembling process of dU11. Scanning force microscopy of films transferred via Langmuir-Blodgett technique revealed mono-, bi- (Π ≥ 2 mN/m) and multilayer formation (Π ≥ 30 mN/m). The first layer was 1.6 ± 0.1 nm thick. It was oriented with the hydrophilic oligonucleotide moiety facing the hydrophilic substrate while the hydrophobic alkyl chains faced air. In the second layer the oligonucleotide moiety was found to face the air. The second layer was found to cover up to 95% of the sample area. Our measurements indicated that the rearrangement of the molecules into bi- and multiple bilayers happened already at the air/water interface. Similar results were obtained with a second type of oligonucleotide amphiphile, an oligonucleotide block copolymer, which was composed of an oligonucleotide 11 mer covalently attached at the terminus to polypropyleneoxide (PPO).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Keller
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Kwak
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J W de Vries
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Sawaryn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Anaya
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - H-J Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Herrmann
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Berger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Anaya M, Calvo ME, Luque-Raigón JM, Míguez H. Resonant photocurrent generation in dye-sensitized periodically nanostructured photoconductors by optical field confinement effects. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:7803-6. [PMID: 23651222 PMCID: PMC3805327 DOI: 10.1021/ja401096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein we show experimental evidence
of resonant photocurrent generation
in dye-sensitized periodically nanostructured photoconductors, which
is achieved by spectral matching of the sensitizer absorption band
to different types of localized photon modes present in either periodic
or broken symmetry structures. Results are explained in terms of the
calculated spatial distribution of the electric field intensity within
the configurations under analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anaya
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla), C/Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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36
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Anaya M, Romero T, Sofia RD, Yunis EJ. Linkage disequilibrium of HLA-A11 and A1 with one of the polymorphisms of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type B. Tissue Antigens 2001; 58:324-8. [PMID: 11844143 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.580506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type B 1 (GABA(B) R1) is located approximately at 200 kb telomeric to HLA-A on chromosome 6. It has 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We studied the most common of its SNPs (T1974C) in a panel of 118 normal Caucasians from New England and 161 epileptic patients of Caucasian ancestry residing in USA. The frequency of the polymorphism did not differ between patients and controls. Here, we report that the allele C of this SNP in the GABA(B) R1 gene is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-A11 (P<0.00001) and to a lesser extent with HLA-A1 (P<0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anaya
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussetts 02115, USA
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Cecanho R, Anaya M, Renzi A, Menani JV, De Luca LA. Sympathetic mediation of salivation induced by intracerebroventricular pilocarpine in rats. J Auton Nerv Syst 1999; 76:9-14. [PMID: 10323302 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1838(99)00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Central cholinergic activation by pilocarpine induces salivation dependent on the integrity of forebrain areas. The present work investigates the autonomic mediation of this salivation. Pilocarpine (500 nmol/rat) was injected into the lateral ventricle (LV) of tribromoethanol-anesthetized adult male rats. Preweighed cotton balls were inserted into the oral cavity and weighed again 7 min later. Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists (3-50 micromol/kg) prazosin (alpha1), yohimbine (alpha2) or propranolol (beta) injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) produced, 80%, 20% and 0% inhibition respectively of the LV pilocarpine-induced salivation. Intracerebroventricular injections (160 nmol) of the antagonists did not alter the effects of pilocarpine injected into the LV. Bilateral section of chorda tympani nerve or bilateral sympathetic cervical ganglionectomy produced 0% and 40% inhibition of pilocarpine-induced salivation, respectively. Ganglionectomy did not alter salivation induced by i.p. injection of pilocarpine (4 micromol/kg). The results indicate that there is a large sympathetic contribution to the salivation induced by central cholinergic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cecanho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Odontology, Paulista State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Escobar A, Isunza A, Anaya M, Escobar W. [Magnetic resonance in basilar atherothrombosis. Clinicopathological correlation]. GAC MED MEX 1998; 134:247-9. [PMID: 9619003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Escobar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, México, D.F
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