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Farshdari F, Ahmadzadeh M, Nematollahi L, Mohit E. The improvement of anti-HER2 scFv soluble expression in Escherichia coli. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000317861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Farshdari
- Islamic Azad University, Iran; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | | | - Elham Mohit
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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252
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Forte N, Benni I, Karu K, Chudasama V, Baker JR. Cysteine-to-lysine transfer antibody fragment conjugation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10919-10924. [PMID: 32190247 PMCID: PMC7066670 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03825f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of lysine residues with acylating agents has represented a ubiquitous approach to the construction of antibody conjugates, with the resulting amide bonds being robustly stable and clinically validated. However, the conjugates are highly heterogeneous, due to the presence of numerous lysines on the surface of the protein, and greater control of the sites of conjugation are keenly sought. Here we present a novel approach to achieve the targeted modification of lysines distal to an antibody fragment's binding site, using a disulfide bond as a temporary 'hook' to deliver the acylating agent. This cysteine-to-lysine transfer (CLT) methodology offers greatly improved homogeneity of lysine conjugates, whilst retaining the advantages offered by the formation of amide linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafsika Forte
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ;
| | - Irene Benni
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ;
| | - Kersti Karu
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ;
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ;
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) , Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ;
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253
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Kazemi-Lomedasht F, Yamabhai M, Sabatier JM, Behdani M, Zareinejad MR, Shahbazzadeh D. Development of a human scFv antibody targeting the lethal Iranian cobra (Naja oxiana) snake venom. Toxicon 2019; 171:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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254
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Gutiérrez-González M, Farías C, Tello S, Pérez-Etcheverry D, Romero A, Zúñiga R, Ribeiro CH, Lorenzo-Ferreiro C, Molina MC. Optimization of culture conditions for the expression of three different insoluble proteins in Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16850. [PMID: 31727948 PMCID: PMC6856375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein expression for structural and therapeutic applications requires the use of systems with high expression yields. Escherichia coli is considered the workhorse for this purpose, given its fast growth rate and feasible manipulation. However, bacterial inclusion body formation remains a challenge for further protein purification. We analyzed and optimized the expression conditions for three different proteins: an anti-MICA scFv, MICA, and p19 subunit of IL-23. We used a response surface methodology based on a three-level Box-Behnken design, which included three factors: post-induction temperature, post-induction time and IPTG concentration. Comparing this information with soluble protein data in a principal component analysis revealed that insoluble and soluble proteins have different optimal conditions for post-induction temperature, post-induction time, IPTG concentration and in amino acid sequence features. Finally, we optimized the refolding conditions of the least expressed protein, anti-MICA scFv, using a fast dilution protocol with different additives, obtaining soluble and active scFv for binding assays. These results allowed us to obtain higher yields of proteins expressed in inclusion bodies. Further studies using the system proposed in this study may lead to the identification of optimal environmental factors for a given protein sequence, favoring the acceleration of bioprocess development and structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Gutiérrez-González
- Centro de Inmunobiotecnología, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Farías
- Centro de Inmunobiotecnología, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samantha Tello
- Centro de Inmunobiotecnología, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diana Pérez-Etcheverry
- Área de Biotecnología, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alfonso Romero
- Centro de Inmunobiotecnología, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Zúñiga
- Centro de Inmunobiotecnología, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina H Ribeiro
- Centro de Inmunobiotecnología, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Lorenzo-Ferreiro
- Área de Biotecnología, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Carmen Molina
- Centro de Inmunobiotecnología, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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255
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Ferrantelli F, Arenaccio C, Manfredi F, Olivetta E, Chiozzini C, Leone P, Percario Z, Ascione A, Flego M, Di Bonito P, Accardi L, Federico M. The Intracellular Delivery Of Anti-HPV16 E7 scFvs Through Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Inhibits The Proliferation Of HPV-Infected Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8755-8768. [PMID: 31806970 PMCID: PMC6844212 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s209366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) are one of the smallest antigen-binding units having the invaluable advantage to be expressed by a unique short open reading frame (ORF). Despite their reduced size, spontaneous cell entry of scFvs remains inefficient, hence precluding the possibility to target intracellular antigens. Here, we describe an original strategy to deliver scFvs inside target cells through engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs). This approach relies on the properties of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Nef mutant protein referred to as Nefmut. It is a previously characterized Nef allele lacking basically all functions of wt Nef, yet strongly accumulating in the EV lumen also when fused at its C-terminus with a foreign protein. To gain the proof-of-principle for the efficacy of the proposed strategy, the tumor-promoting Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)16-E7 protein was considered as a scFv-specific intracellular target. The oncogenic effect of HPV16-E7 relies on its binding to the tumor suppressor pRb protein leading to a dysregulated cell duplication. Interfering with this interaction means impairing the HPV16-E7-induced cell proliferation. Methods The Nefmut gene was fused in frame at its 3ʹ-terminus with the ORF coding for a previously characterized anti-HPV16-E7 scFv. Interaction between the Nefmut-fused anti-HPV16-E7 scFv and the HPV16-E7 protein was tested by both confocal microscope and co-immunoprecipitation analyses on co-transfected cells. The in cis anti-proliferative effect of the Nefmut/anti-HPV16-E7 scFv was assayed by transfecting HPV16-infected cells. The anti-proliferative effect of EVs engineered with Nefmut/anti-HPV16-E7 scFv on HPV16-E7-expressing cells was evaluated in two ways: i) through challenge with purified EVs by a Real-Time Cell Analysis system and ii) in transwell co-cultures by an MTS-based assay. Results The Nefmut/anti-HPV16-E7 scFv chimeric product is efficiently uploaded in EVs, binds HPV16-E7, and inhibits the proliferation of HPV16-E7-expressing cells. Most important, challenge with cell-free EVs incorporating the Nefmut/anti-HPV16-E7 scFv led to the inhibition of proliferation of HPV16-E7-expressing cells. The proliferation of these cells was hindered also when they were co-cultured in transwells with cells producing EVs uploading Nefmut/anti-HPV16-E7 scFv. Conclusion Our data represent the proof-of-concept for the possibility to target intracellular antigens through EV-mediated delivery of scFvs. This finding could be relevant to design novel methods of intracellular therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Ferrantelli
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Arenaccio
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Manfredi
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Olivetta
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiozzini
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Leone
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Ascione
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Flego
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Accardi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Federico
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
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256
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A microbial expression system for high-level production of scFv HIV-neutralizing antibody fragments in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8875-8888. [PMID: 31641814 PMCID: PMC6851033 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mABs) are of great biopharmaceutical importance for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, their production in mammalian expression hosts usually requires extensive production times and is expensive. Escherichia coli has become a new platform for production of functional small antibody fragment variants. In this study, we have used a rhamnose-inducible expression system that allows precise control of protein expression levels. The system was first evaluated for the cytoplasmic production of super folder green fluorescence protein (sfGFP) in various production platforms and then for the periplasmic production of the anti-HIV single-chain variable antibody fragment (scFv) of PGT135. Anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies, like PGT135, have potential for clinical use to prevent HIV transmission, to promote immune responses and to eradicate infected cells. Different concentrations of L-rhamnose resulted in the controlled production of both sfGFP and scFv PGT135 antibody. In addition, by optimizing the culture conditions, the amount of scFv PGT135 antibody that was expressed soluble or as inclusions bodies could be modulated. The proteins were produced in batch bioreactors, with yields of 4.9 g/L for sfGFP and 0.8 g/L for scFv. The functionality of the purified antibodies was demonstrated by their ability to neutralize a panel of different HIV variants in vitro. We expect that this expression system will prove very useful for the development of a more cost-effective production process for proteins and antibody fragments in microbial cells.
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257
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Alizadeha AA, Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Haddad E, Haddad N, Sharifi M, Mohammadi S, Pourtaghi-Anvarian S, Dastmalchi S. Characterization of Novel Fragment Antibodies Against TNF-alpha Isolated Using Phage Display Technique. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:759-771. [PMID: 31531059 PMCID: PMC6706722 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine which plays crucial roles in pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the binding abilities of I44 and I49 domain antibodies to TNF-α. The dAbs were expressed in bacterial expression system and purified by affinity chromatography using Ni-sepharose column. The expression and purity of the proteins were evaluated using western blotting and SDS-PAGE techniques, respectively. ELISA experiment showed that I44 and I49 dAbs bind to TNF-α with the binding constants (Kd) of 5.18 ± 1.41 and 2.42 ± 0.55 µM, respectively. The inhibitory effect of dAbs on TNF-α biological effect was determined in MTT assay in which I44 and I49 prevented TNF-α cell cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 6.61 and 3.64 µM, respectively. The identified anti-TNF-α dAbs could bind to and inhibit TNF-α activity. The dAbs activities can be attributed to their ability to establish hydrogen bonds as well as hydrophobic contacts with TNF-α. The results of the current study can pave the way for further structural studies in order to introduce new more potent anti-TNF-α antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Alizadeha
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,A. A. A. and M. H. M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,A. A. A. and M. H. M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Elnaz Haddad
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Haddad
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sharifi
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samin Mohammadi
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, POBOX: 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
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258
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Zheng Z, Ji H, Zong W, Ran Q, Wang X, Yang X, Zhao Z, Yang C, Xiao Y. Construction and characterization of immunoliposomes targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. AMB Express 2019; 9:150. [PMID: 31535232 PMCID: PMC6751232 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) plays an important regulatory role in tumor cell proliferation and drug resistance. FGFR3 is often constitutively active in many tumors. To deliver drugs into tumor cells by targeting FGFR3 will be a promising and potential strategy for cancer therapy. In this study, a novel fusion protein, ScFv-Cys containing a single chain variable fragment (ScFv) and an additional C-terminal cysteine residue, was generated at a rate of 10 mg/L of bacterial culture and purified at 95% by Ni-NTA chromatography. Subsequently, the recombinant ScFv-Cys was coupled with malPEG2000-DSPE and incorporated into liposomes to generate the immunoliposomes. The results indicated that immunoliposomes can specifically deliver the fluorescent molecules, Dio into bladder cancer cells highly expressing FGFR3. In conclusion, we successfully generated FGFR3-specific immunoliposomes, and proved its targeting effect and delivering ability.
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259
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Hannachi E, Bouratbine A, Mousli M. Enhancing the detection of Toxoplasma gondii via an anti-SAG1 scFv-alkaline phosphatase immunoconjugate. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 23:e00360. [PMID: 31341791 PMCID: PMC6630058 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to implement a fluorometric method for enhancing the detection sensitivity of Toxoplasma gondii in biological fluids. To address this challenge, we designed and produced a recombinant immunoconjugate tool based on a single-chain antibody fragment anti-T. gondii SAG1 antigen (scFvSG15) genetically fused to the bacterial alkaline phosphatase (AP) using 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-phosphate as fluorogenic substrate. The anti-SAG1 scFv-AP conjugate was fully bifunctional and was used successfully in different assays including immunoblot, fluorometric ELISA and direct immunofluorescence. The fluorometric immunoassay afforded an extremely low detection limit (1 tachyzoite/well), which was in agreement with the real-time PCR control test. The immunofluorescence imaging has provided captivating visual evidence of T. gondii detection. These results strongly suggest that the recombinant anti-SAG1-AP conjugate generated here might serve as useful and highly sensitive immunoassay probe to direct detect T. gondii in a one-step procedure, opening up new perspectives for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed Mousli
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules, LR11-IPT06, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, 13 Place Pasteur -BP74, 1002 Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
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260
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Regan B, Boyle F, O'Kennedy R, Collins D. Evaluation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Point-of-Care Testing for Cardiovascular Disease. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E3485. [PMID: 31395843 PMCID: PMC6720456 DOI: 10.3390/s19163485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting is a rapidly growing area of interest involving the synthesis of artificial recognition elements that enable the separation of analyte from a sample matrix and its determination. Traditionally, this approach can be successfully applied to small analyte (<1.5 kDa) separation/ extraction, but, more recently it is finding utility in biomimetic sensors. These sensors consist of a recognition element and a transducer similar to their biosensor counterparts, however, the fundamental distinction is that biomimetic sensors employ an artificial recognition element. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) employed as the recognition elements in biomimetic sensors contain binding sites complementary in shape and functionality to their target analyte. Despite the growing interest in molecularly imprinting techniques, the commercial adoption of this technology is yet to be widely realised for blood sample analysis. This review aims to assess the applicability of this technology for the point-of-care testing (POCT) of cardiovascular disease-related biomarkers. More specifically, molecular imprinting is critically evaluated with respect to the detection of cardiac biomarkers indicative of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), such as the cardiac troponins (cTns). The challenges associated with the synthesis of MIPs for protein detection are outlined, in addition to enhancement techniques that ultimately improve the analytical performance of biomimetic sensors. The mechanism of detection employed to convert the analyte concentration into a measurable signal in biomimetic sensors will be discussed. Furthermore, the analytical performance of these sensors will be compared with biosensors and their potential implementation within clinical settings will be considered. In addition, the most suitable application of these sensors for cardiovascular assessment will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Regan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Fiona Boyle
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Research Complex, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - David Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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261
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Wang Q, Chen Y, Park J, Liu X, Hu Y, Wang T, McFarland K, Betenbaugh MJ. Design and Production of Bispecific Antibodies. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8030043. [PMID: 31544849 PMCID: PMC6783844 DOI: 10.3390/antib8030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the current biotherapeutic market dominated by antibody molecules, bispecific antibodies represent a key component of the next-generation of antibody therapy. Bispecific antibodies can target two different antigens at the same time, such as simultaneously binding tumor cell receptors and recruiting cytotoxic immune cells. Structural diversity has been fast-growing in the bispecific antibody field, creating a plethora of novel bispecific antibody scaffolds, which provide great functional variety. Two common formats of bispecific antibodies on the market are the single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-based (no Fc fragment) antibody and the full-length IgG-like asymmetric antibody. Unlike the conventional monoclonal antibodies, great production challenges with respect to the quantity, quality, and stability of bispecific antibodies have hampered their wider clinical application and acceptance. In this review, we focus on these two major bispecific types and describe recent advances in the design, production, and quality of these molecules, which will enable this important class of biologics to reach their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Yiqun Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Yifeng Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Tiexin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kevin McFarland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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262
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Ivanova II, Mihaylova NM, Manoylov IK, Makatsori D, Lolov S, Nikolova MH, Mamalaki A, Prechl J, Tchorbanov AI. Targeting of Influenza Viral Epitopes to Antigen-Presenting Cells by Genetically Engineered Chimeric Molecules in a Humanized NOD SCID Gamma Transfer Model. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 29:1056-1070. [PMID: 30191743 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral DNA vaccines are a novel strategy in the vaccine development field, which basically consists of the administration of expression vectors coding viral antigen sequences into the host's cells. Targeting of conserved viral epitopes by antibody fragments specific to activating cell surface co-receptor molecules on antigen-presenting cells could be an alternative approach for inducing protective immunity. It has been shown that FcγRI on human monocytes enhances antigen presentation in vivo. Various DNA constructs, encoding a Single-chain variable antibodies (scFv) from mouse anti-human FcγRI monoclonal antibody, coupled to a sequence encoding a T- and B-cell epitope-containing influenza A virus hemagglutinin inter-subunit peptide were inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector system pTriEx-3 Neo. The constructed chimeric DNA molecules were expressed by transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells and the ability of the engineered proteins to interact with FcγRI-expressing cells was confirmed by flow cytometry. The fusion protein induced a strong signal transduction on human monocytes via FcγRI. The expression vector pTriEx-3 Neo containing the described construct was used as a naked DNA vaccine and introduced directly to experimental humanized NOD SCID gamma mice with or without boosting with the expressed fusion protein. Immunization with the generated DNA chimeric molecules and prime-boost with the expressed recombinant proteins induced significant serum levels of anti-influenza immunoglobulin G antibodies and strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against influenza virus-infected cells in humanized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva I Ivanova
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Microbiology , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolina M Mihaylova
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Microbiology , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyan K Manoylov
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Microbiology , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Stefan Lolov
- 3 Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria H Nikolova
- 4 National Reference Laboratory of Immunology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Avgi Mamalaki
- 2 Hellenic Pasteur Institute , Ampelokipi, Athens, Greece
| | - Jozsef Prechl
- 5 Immunology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrey I Tchorbanov
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Microbiology , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria .,6 National Institute of Immunology , Sofia, Bulgaria
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263
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Iberg CA, Hawiger D. Advancing immunomodulation by in vivo antigen delivery to DEC-205 and other cell surface molecules using recombinant chimeric antibodies. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:575-580. [PMID: 31228685 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A targeted delivery of defined antigens in vivo allows for the probing of relevant functions of the immune system. Recombinant chimeric antibodies, produced by genetically modifying original monoclonal antibodies specific for molecules expressed on dendritic cells and other immune cells, have paved the way for the development of such strategies and have become reliable tools for achieving a specific immunomodulation. These antibodies have proven important in both basic research and clinical applications, extending data obtained in disease models of autoimmunity and cancer. Here we will describe the advances gained from the experimental and therapeutic strategies based on the targeting of the specific antigens by recombinant chimeric antibodies to the multilectin receptor DEC-205 and other cell surface molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Iberg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Doisy Research Center, 1205 Carr Lane, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Doisy Research Center, 1205 Carr Lane, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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264
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Liu M, Wang B, Wang F, Yang Z, Gao D, Zhang C, Ma L, Yu X. Soluble expression of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) in Escherichia coli using superfolder green fluorescent protein as fusion partner. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6071-6079. [PMID: 31175428 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) has great prospect in medical therapies and diagnostic applications due to its binding affinity and low immunogenicity. However, the application of scFv is limited by its heterologous expression facing challenges of insoluble aggregation. sfGFP has been developed as fusion tag to facilitate the solubility of fusion partner in Escherichia coli. We designed fusion protein of anti-influenza PB2 scFv at C-terminus of sfGFP and successfully obtained soluble expression of sfGFP-scFv-His in Escherichia coli. The expression level of sfGFP-scFv-His reached at 20 mg/L of bacterial culture when the culture was induced with 0.1 mM IPTG at 18 °C for 16 h. And 6 mg scFv-His was obtained from the cleavage of 10 mg pure sfGFP-scFv-His with TEV protease. In addition, we found that sfGFP-scFv-His was more stable than scFv-His in chicken serum, suggesting that sfGFP not only facilitated the solubility of scFv in Escherichia coli, but also promoted the stability of scFv. The immunologic activity of sfGFP-scFv-His was confirmed by Western blot and ELISA; the results showed that anti-PB2 sfGFP-scFv-His exhibited specific binding to PB2. Hemagglutination and comparative real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that sfGFP-scFv-His and scFv-His inhibited the replication of H1N1 influenza virus in the infected A549 cells. These results further develop the application of scFv as an agent, such as anti-influenza. Furthermore, soluble expression of scFv using sfGFP as fusion partner provide a cost-effective preparation model for manufacturing scFv against pandemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Dan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Chenyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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265
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Selection and expression of CD40 single chain variable fragment by phage display and evaluation of tumor specific immune activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 71:224-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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266
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Matić S, Noris E, Contin R, Marian D, Thompson JR. Engineering partial resistance to cucumber mosaic virus in tobacco using intrabodies specific for the viral polymerase. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 162:99-108. [PMID: 30877900 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A single-chain variable antibody fragment (scFv) library tested against the non-structural NSP5 protein of human rotavirus A was screened by a yeast two-hybrid system against three proteins derived from the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), with the aim of blocking their function and preventing viral infection once expressed in planta. The constructs tested were (i) '2a' consisting of the full-length 2a gene (839 amino acids, aa), (ii) 'Motifs' covering the conserved RdRp motifs (IV-VII) (132 aa) and (iii) 'GDD' located within the conserved RdRp motif VI (GDD, 22 aa). In yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) selection assays the '2a' and 'Motifs' constructs interacted with 96 and 25 library constructs, respectively, while the 'GDD' construct caused transactivation. Y2H-interacting scFvs were analyzed in vivo for their interaction with the 2a and Motifs proteins in a mammalian transient expression system. Eighteen tobacco lines stably transformed with four selected scFvs were produced and screened for resistance against two different CMV isolates. Different levels of resistance and rate of recovery were observed with CMV of both groups I and II, particularly in lines expressing intrabodies against the full-length 2a protein. This work describes for the first time the use of intrabodies against the RdRp of CMV to obtain plants that reduce infection of a pandemic virus, showing that the selected scFvs can modulate virus infection and induce premature recovery in tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Matić
- Plant Virology Group, ICGEB Biosafety Outstation, Ca'Tron di Roncade (TV), Italy; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Turin (TO), Italy
| | - Emanuela Noris
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Turin (TO), Italy
| | - Roberta Contin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste (TS), Italy
| | - Daniele Marian
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Turin (TO), Italy
| | - Jeremy R Thompson
- Plant Virology Group, ICGEB Biosafety Outstation, Ca'Tron di Roncade (TV), Italy; Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA.
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267
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Cella F, Siciliano V. Protein-based parts and devices that respond to intracellular and extracellular signals in mammalian cells. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 52:47-53. [PMID: 31158655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology aims to rewire cellular activities and functionality by implementing genetic circuits with high biocomputing capabilities. Recent efforts led to the development of smart sensing interfaces which integrate multiple inputs to activate desired outputs in a highly specific and sensitive manner. In this review, we highlight protein-based interfaces that sense intracellular or extracellular cues providing information about dynamic environmental changes and cellular state. We will also discuss different mechanisms of regulation of gene expression connected to the sensors to develop diagnostic and therapeutic devices. We conclude discussing challenges and opportunities for biomedical applications of synthetic mammalian protein-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cella
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, Naples, Italy; University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Velia Siciliano
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, Naples, Italy.
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268
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Ahmad AR, Kaewpungsup P, Khorattanakulchai N, Rattanapisit K, Pavasant P, Phoolcharoen W. Recombinant human dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) induces the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23:e00348. [PMID: 31193885 PMCID: PMC6543091 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) can be produced in Escherichia coli. E. coli produced DMP1 could induce the expression of osteogenic-related genes and calcium deposition in human PDL cells. This protein has potential to use for improving tooth repair and regeneration in the future.
The study aimed to produce recombinant human dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and to test, whether the recombinant DMP1 produced in Escherichia coli possesses functional activity. A gene construction comprising a gene encoding for DMP1 protein with polyhistidine sequence at its C-terminus was created using the pET22b plasmid and expressed in E. coli. The optimization of cultivation conditions has enabled the induction of the gene expression with 0.5 mM isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and DMP1 recombinant protein production at 37 °C for 6 h. The recombinant protein was purified using Ni affinity chromatography. DMP1 influence on the viability, osteogenic differentiation and calcification of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells was examined. The purified DMP1 could induce the expression of osteogenesis related genes and calcium deposition in PDL cells. These findings indicate that DMP1 produced in E. coli can induce the osteogenic differentiation of human PDL cells, leading to improved tooth repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aktsar Roskiana Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Pornjira Kaewpungsup
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narach Khorattanakulchai
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kaewta Rattanapisit
- Research Unit for Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Unit for Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
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269
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Efficient development and expression of scFv recombinant proteins against PD-L1 surface domain and potency in cancer therapy. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:705-722. [PMID: 31098772 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 is a 40 kDa trans-membrane protein of B7 family and an important T cell regulator. Binding of PD-L1 and PD-1 inhibits proliferation and activation of T cell results cell exhaustion. This phenomenon can be reversed by blocking PD-L1/PD-1 interactions with single chain variables fragment (scFv) fusion proteins and by direct inhibition of tumor cells with drug conjugates. The human phage-displayed scFv library was utilized to generate scFv against the PD-L1 antigen by affinity bio-panning. The positive clones were selected by continuous transfection of bacterial cells and sequence analysis. The binding affinity and specificity of the scFv and antibody fragments were determined by using surface plasmon resonance biosensor, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence assay. After three rounds of panning selection, about 30% of clones have a binding affinity with targeted PD-L1 antigen. Eight positive clones with accurate sequences were isolated and analyzed for binding affinity with PD-L1 antigen. Three of those with accurate sequences and binding affinity were selected for the recombinant formation and soluble expression by Escherichia coli host machinery. The highly positive recombinant clones with the exact orientation of FR and CDR domains were developed and can be used as a drug carrier tools in ADC formation or direct inhibition of immune checkpoint in cancer immunotherapy. The conjugate achieved its initial potency and need efficient improvement to enhance direct tumor suppression and bio-therapeutics strategies enrichment.
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270
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Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein involved in the regulation of axonal microtubules in neurons. In pathological conditions, it forms fibrils that are molecular hallmarks of neurological disorders known as tauopathies. In the last 2 years, cryo-EM has given unprecedented high-resolution views of Tau in both physiological and pathological conditions. We review here these new findings and put them into the context of the knowledge about Tau before this structural breakthrough. The first structures of Tau fibrils, a molecular hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), were based on fibrils from the brain of an individual with AD and, along with similar patient-derived structures, have set the gold standard for the field. Cryo-EM structures of Tau fibers in three distinct diseases, AD, Pick's disease, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, represent the end points of Tau's molecular trajectory. We propose that the recent Tau structures may call for a re-examination of databases that link different Tau variants to various forms of dementia. We also address the question of how this structural information may link Tau's functional and pathological aspects. Because this structural information on Tau was obtained in a very short period, the new structures should be viewed in light of earlier structural observations and past and present functional data to shed additional light on Tau function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Lippens
- From the Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques (LISBP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France and
| | - Benoît Gigant
- the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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271
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Rody WJ, Truzman EL, Foster DT, Smith LN, Rocha FG, Sorenson HL, Wallet SM, Holliday LS. Clastic cells in orthodontic treatment: Translational challenges and recent advances. Orthod Craniofac Res 2019; 22 Suppl 1:180-185. [PMID: 31074132 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Orthodontic treatment consists of numerous appliance activations that rely on stimulation of osteoclasts at alveolar bone sites. However, the action of osteoclast-like cells on dentin ("odontoclasts") is a pathological side effect of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this article is twofold: (a) To report preliminary results from ongoing cell culture experiments to identify unique markers of dentin resorption, and (b) To discuss our work using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and exosomes for developing biological fluid-based biopsies to monitor clastic cell activity. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Twelve healthy volunteers in permanent dentition. MATERIAL AND METHODS For the in vitro experiments, murine clastic cell precursors were cultured on dentin or bone slices for 7 days and phage-display biopanning was used to identify molecular surface differences between osteoclasts and odontoclasts. In the human study, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected using different tools and analysed for protein and exosome recovery. RESULTS Biopanning generated antibody fragments that were uniquely reactive to odontoclasts. Numerous nanoparticles in the size range of exosomes were detected in all of the human GCF samples. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that there are molecular differences between osteoclasts and odontoclasts. Emerging technologies may allow the use of exosomes in GCF as a clinical tool to detect markers of root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington J Rody
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Estela L Truzman
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Desmond T Foster
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leigh N Smith
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Fernanda G Rocha
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Heather L Sorenson
- School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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272
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Vostakolaei MA, Molavi O, Hejazi MS, Kordi S, Rahmati S, Barzegari A, Abdolalizadeh J. Isolation and characterization of a novel scFv antibody fragments specific for Hsp70 as a tumor biomarker. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14711-14724. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Asghari Vostakolaei
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Shirafkan Kordi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Saman Rahmati
- Medical Biotechnology Department Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Paramedical Faculty Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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273
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Lim CC, Choong YS, Lim TS. Cognizance of Molecular Methods for the Generation of Mutagenic Phage Display Antibody Libraries for Affinity Maturation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1861. [PMID: 30991723 PMCID: PMC6515083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies leverage on their unique architecture to bind with an array of antigens. The strength of interaction has a direct relation to the affinity of the antibodies towards the antigen. In vivo affinity maturation is performed through multiple rounds of somatic hypermutation and selection in the germinal centre. This unique process involves intricate sequence rearrangements at the gene level via molecular mechanisms. The emergence of in vitro display technologies, mainly phage display and recombinant DNA technology, has helped revolutionize the way antibody improvements are being carried out in the laboratory. The adaptation of molecular approaches in vitro to replicate the in vivo processes has allowed for improvements in the way recombinant antibodies are designed and tuned. Combinatorial libraries, consisting of a myriad of possible antibodies, are capable of replicating the diversity of the natural human antibody repertoire. The isolation of target-specific antibodies with specific affinity characteristics can also be accomplished through modification of stringent protocols. Despite the ability to screen and select for high-affinity binders, some 'fine tuning' may be required to enhance antibody binding in terms of its affinity. This review will provide a brief account of phage display technology used for antibody generation followed by a summary of different combinatorial library characteristics. The review will focus on available strategies, which include molecular approaches, next generation sequencing, and in silico approaches used for antibody affinity maturation in both therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Chiu Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Yee Siew Choong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
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274
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Wawrzyńska M, Kraskiewicz H, Paprocka M, Krawczenko A, Bielawska‐Pohl A, Biały D, Roleder T, Wojakowski W, O'Connor IB, Duda M, Michal R, Wasyluk Ł, Plesch G, Podbielska H, Kopaczyńska M, Wall JG. Functionalization with a VEGFR2‐binding antibody fragment leads to enhanced endothelialization of a cardiovascular stent
in vitro
and
in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:213-224. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wawrzyńska
- Department of Emergency Medical ServiceWroclaw Medical University Wrocław Poland
| | - Honorata Kraskiewicz
- Balton Ltd Warsaw Poland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM)NUI Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Maria Paprocka
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental TherapyPolish Academy of Sciences Wrocław Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krawczenko
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental TherapyPolish Academy of Sciences Wrocław Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Biały
- Clinic of CardiologyWroclaw Medical University Wrocław Poland
| | - Tomasz Roleder
- Department of CardiologySchool of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | | | - Iain B. O'Connor
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM)NUI Galway Galway Ireland
- MicrobiologyNUI Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Maciej Duda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of TechnologyWroclaw University of Technology and Science Wrocław Poland
| | - Robert Michal
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University Bratislava Slovakia
| | | | - Gustav Plesch
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Halina Podbielska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of TechnologyWroclaw University of Technology and Science Wrocław Poland
| | - Marta Kopaczyńska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of TechnologyWroclaw University of Technology and Science Wrocław Poland
| | - J. Gerard Wall
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM)NUI Galway Galway Ireland
- MicrobiologyNUI Galway Galway Ireland
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275
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Melvin Ng H, Leo C, Lim TS, Low S, Ooi B. Polishing monoclonal antibody using pH-responsive TiO2/polysulfone membrane in dual size-exclusion strategy. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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276
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Dushenkov A, Jungsuwadee P. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: Foundational science and clinical knowledge for pharmacy practice. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2019; 25:1217-1225. [PMID: 30890066 DOI: 10.1177/1078155219836480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration has recently approved two autologous chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapies tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah™) and axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta™) for patients with advanced lymphocytic malignancies. Both immunotherapies target the CD19-positive B-cell neoplasms. Kymriah™ is indicated for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia and large B-cell lymphoma. Yescarta™ is indicated for lymphoma only. Although the new therapy offers a promise for patients with advanced disease, it is associated with adverse events including neurotoxicity and cytokine release syndrome, which can be fatal and may require a high level of multidisciplinary supportive care. Due to the risks, both Kymriah™ and Yescarta™ are subject to Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) protocols. As active members of multidisciplinary clinical teams, pharmacists are likely to be responsible for the execution of Kymriah™ and Yescarta™ REMS programs. This manuscript describes foundational science and clinical knowledge of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapies, common therapy-specific toxicities and REMS requirements for Kymriah™ and Yescarta™ in relation to practice of pharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dushenkov
- School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Florham Park, NJ, USA
| | - Paiboon Jungsuwadee
- School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Florham Park, NJ, USA
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277
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Generation of humanized single-chain fragment variable immunotherapeutic against EGFR variant III using baculovirus expression system and in vitro validation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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278
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Pozzi S, Thammisetty SS, Codron P, Rahimian R, Plourde KV, Soucy G, Bareil C, Phaneuf D, Kriz J, Gravel C, Julien JP. Virus-mediated delivery of antibody targeting TAR DNA-binding protein-43 mitigates associated neuropathology. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1581-1595. [PMID: 30667370 DOI: 10.1172/jci123931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is a hallmark of degenerating neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and subsets of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In order to reduce TDP-43 pathology, we generated single-chain (scFv) antibodies against the RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) of TDP-43, which is involved in abnormal protein self-aggregation and interaction with p65 NF-κB. Virus-mediated delivery into the nervous system of a scFv antibody, named VH7Vk9, reduced microgliosis in a mouse model of acute neuroinflammation and mitigated cognitive impairment, motor defects, TDP-43 proteinopathy, and neuroinflammation in transgenic mice expressing ALS-linked TDP-43 mutations. These results suggest that antibodies targeting the RRM1 domain of TDP-43 might provide new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of ALS and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pozzi
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Philippe Codron
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada.,MITOVASC Institute, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, INSERM U1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jasna Kriz
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Gravel
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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279
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Ganji M, Khalili S, Mard-Soltani M, Khalesi B, Karkhah A, Amani J. A Precisely Designed Immunotoxin Against VCAM1 Consisting of a Humanized Antibody Variable Domain Fused to Granzyme: An In Silico Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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280
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Pourtaghi-Anvarian S, Mohammadi S, Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Alizadeh AA, Dastmalchi S. Characterization of the novel anti-TNF-α single-chain fragment antibodies using experimental and computational approaches. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:38-47. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1487855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Pourtaghi-Anvarian
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samin Mohammadi
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, North Cyprus, Turkey
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281
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In Silico Evaluation of Two Targeted Chimeric Proteins Based on Bacterial Toxins for Breast Cancer Therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.83315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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282
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Sachdeva S, Joo H, Tsai J, Jasti B, Li X. A Rational Approach for Creating Peptides Mimicking Antibody Binding. Sci Rep 2019; 9:997. [PMID: 30700733 PMCID: PMC6353898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports a novel method to design peptides that mimic antibody binding. Using the Knob-Socket model for protein-protein interaction, the interaction surface between Cetuximab and EGFR was mapped. EGFR binding peptides were designed based on geometry and the probability of the mapped knob-sockets pairs. Designed peptides were synthesized and then characterized for binding specificity, affinity, cytotoxicity of drug-peptide conjugate and inhibition of phosphorylation. In cell culture studies, designed peptides specifically bind and internalize to EGFR overexpressing cells with three to four-fold higher uptake compared to control cells that do not overexpress EGFR. The designed peptide, Pep11, bound to EGFR with KD of 252 nM. Cytotoxicity of Monomethyl Auristatin E (MMAE)-EGFR-Pep11 peptide-drug conjugate was more than 2,000 fold higher against EGFR overexpressing cell lines A431, MDA MB 468 than control HEK 293 cells which lack EGFR overexpression. MMAE-EGFR-Pep11 conjugate also showed more than 90-fold lower cytotoxicity towards non-EGFR overexpressing HEK 293 cells when compared with cytotoxicity of MMAE itself. In conclusion, a method that can rationally design peptides using knob-socket model is presented. This method was successfully applied to create peptides based on the antigen-antibody interaction to mimic the specificity, affinity and functionality of antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Sachdeva
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA.,Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Hyun Joo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Jerry Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Bhaskara Jasti
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA.
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283
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Dwivedi A, Karulkar A, Ghosh S, Rafiq A, Purwar R. Lymphocytes in Cellular Therapy: Functional Regulation of CAR T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3180. [PMID: 30713539 PMCID: PMC6345708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes especially autologous T cells have been used for the treatment of numerous indications including cancers, autoimmune disorders and infectious diseases. Very recently, FDA approved Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells (CAR T cells) therapy for relapse and refractory CD19+ B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r B-ALL) and r/r diffuse large B cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL) upon their remarkable success in multiple Phase I-II clinical trials. While CAR T cells are considered as major breakthrough in the field of cancer immunotherapy, the regulation of CAR T cells remains poorly understood. In this review we will discuss the strategies that regulate the CAR T cells efficacy and persistence with focus on roles of different structural component of CAR construct. Different domains of CAR construct, for example, antigen binding domain, hinge, transmembrane, and signaling domain as well as immune-regulatory cytokines have significant impact on CAR T cell efficacy. Finally, this review will highlight the strategies that will promote CAR T cells efficacy and will reduce the toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Dwivedi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Atharva Karulkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Sarbari Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Afrin Rafiq
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Purwar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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284
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Xu C, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang C, Li J, Liu X. High sensitive single chain variable fragment screening from a microcystin-LR immunized mouse phage antibody library and its application in immunoassay. Talanta 2019; 197:397-405. [PMID: 30771953 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is one of common high-toxic biotoxins produced by cyanobacteria in waterbody. A high sensitive and convenient detection method is necessary for monitoring for MC-LR. To establish a high sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) based on single chain variable fragment (scFv) for detecting MC-LR, 16 positive anti-MC-LR phage scFv particles were screened out from a MC-LR-immunized mouse phage scFv library, which was successfully constructed with the capacity of 8.67 × 107 CFU/mL. The most positive anti-MC-LR phage scFv (MscFv7) was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli (E.coli) HB2151. The molecular weight (M.W.) of expressed protein was about 30 kDa, and the concentration of purified protein was 512.6 μg/mL analyzed by SDS-PAGE and protein quantitative respectively. The IC-ELISA based on MscFv7-scFv for MC-LR shows a half-maximum inhibition (IC50) of 0.471 μg/L and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.044 μg/L, which is below the maximum residue limit standard (MRLs) of 1.0 μg/L in drinking water. The MscFv7-scFv has a strong cross-recognition for MC-RR and MC-YR with cross-reactivity (CRs) of 93.1% and 85.9%, respectively, but weak for MC-LW with that of 9.7%, even non-recognition for MC-WR, MC-LF and MC-LY. The recovery rates of IC-ELISA to detect MC-LR spiked in different cleanliness of water samples were 81.2-106.3% with CVs of 2.62-10.22% at intra-assay and inter-assay. The results showed that we obtained a high sensitive anti-MC-LR scFv, and the established IC-ELISA based on MscFv7-scFv should be promising for ultrasensitive monitoring MC-LR, MC-RR and MC-YR in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxin Xu
- Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Huaihua Vocational and Technical College, Huaihua 418007, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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285
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Rane P, Sarmah D, Bhute S, Kaur H, Goswami A, Kalia K, Borah A, Dave KR, Sharma N, Bhattacharya P. Novel Targets for Parkinson's Disease: Addressing Different Therapeutic Paradigms and Conundrums. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:44-57. [PMID: 29957921 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is pathologically characterized by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). PD leads to clinical motor features that include rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia. Despite multiple available therapies for PD, the clinical features continue to progress, and patients suffer progressive disability. Many advances have been made in PD therapy which directly target the cause of the disease rather than providing symptomatic relief. A neuroprotective or disease modifying strategy that can slow or cease clinical progression and worsening disability remains as a major unmet medical need for PD management. The present review discusses potential novel therapies for PD that include recent interventions in the form of immunomodulatory techniques and stem cell therapy. Further, an introspective approach to identify numerous other novel targets that can alleviate PD pathogenesis and enable physicians to practice multitargeted therapy and that may provide a ray of hope to PD patients in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Rane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Shashikala Bhute
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Avirag Goswami
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India
| | - Kunjan R. Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Nutan Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
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286
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Single Chain Fragment Variable (scFv) Antibodies Targeting the Spike Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Provide Protection against Viral Infection in Piglets. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010058. [PMID: 30646521 PMCID: PMC6356844 DOI: 10.3390/v11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea and death in neonatal piglets. Passive immunization with neutralizing antibodies against PEDV is an effective prevention measure. In this study, single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies against PEDV were screened from the porcine scFv phage display library. After four rounds of biopanning, scFvs that showed higher affinity to the PEDV antigen were selected for further study. The scFv genes were cloned into the expression plasmid for recombinant protein expression. These scFvs were shown to inhibit PEDV infectivity by the plaque reduction neutralization assay. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) revealed that the epitopes recognized by these scFvs were in the S1 region of the spike protein. The potential of scFvs to provide prevention against PEDV infections in piglets was further investigated. Piglets orally administered scFvs showed no to mild clinical symptoms, significantly less viral shedding, no mortality and no intestinal lesions. The field application also revealed that the survival rate of piglets was significantly increased by oral administration of scFvs. Our data support the potential role of scFvs in the prevention and treatment of PEDV infection.
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287
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Jalilzadeh-Razin S, Mantegi M, Tohidkia MR, Pazhang Y, Pourseif MM, Barar J, Omidi Y. Phage antibody library screening for the selection of novel high-affinity human single-chain variable fragment against gastrin receptor: an in silico and in vitro study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:21-34. [PMID: 30607886 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-018-0233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a membrane G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) family, gastrin/cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R) plays a key role in the initiation and development of gastric cancer. OBJECTIVES Targeting CCK2R by immunotherapeutics such as single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) may provide an effective treatment modality against gastric cancer. Thus, the main objective of this study was to isolate scFvs specific to CCK2R. METHODS To isolate scFvs specific to the CCK2R, we capitalized on a semi-synthetic diverse phage antibody library (PAL) and a solution-phase biopanning process. The library was panned against a biotinylated peptide of the second extracellular loop (ECL2) of CCK2R. After four rounds of biopanning, the selected soluble scFv clones were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and examined for specific binding to the peptide. The selected scFvs were purified using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). The binding affinity and specificity of the scFvs were examined by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR), immunoblotting and flow cytometry assays and molecular docking using ZDOCK v3.0.2. RESULTS Ten different scFvs were isolated, which displayed binding affinity ranging from 0.68 to 8.0 (nM). Immunoblotting and molecular docking analysis revealed that eight scFvs were able to detect the denatured form of CCK2R protein. Of the isolated scFvs, two scFvs showed high-binding affinity to the human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, a couple of the selected scFvs showed markedly high-binding affinity to immobilized CCK2R peptide and CCK2R-overexpressing AGS cells. Therefore, these scFvs are proposed to serve as targeting and/or treatment agents in the diagnosis and immunotherapy of CCK2R-positive tumors. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Jalilzadeh-Razin
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Malihe Mantegi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Islamic Azad University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Tohidkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Yaghub Pazhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Pourseif
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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288
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Matz H, Dooley H. Shark IgNAR-derived binding domains as potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:100-107. [PMID: 30236879 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many of the most successful drugs generated in recent years are based upon monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, for some therapeutic and diagnostic applications mAbs are far from ideal; for example, while their relatively large size and inherent receptor binding aids their longevity in vivo it can also limit their tissue penetration. Further, their structural complexity makes them expensive to produce and prone to denaturation in non-physiological environments. Thus, researchers have been searching for alternative antigen-binding molecules that can be utilized in situations where mAbs are suboptimal tools. One potential source currently being explored are the shark-derived binding domains known as VNARs. Despite their small size VNARs can bind antigens with high specificity and high affinity. Combined with their propensity to bind epitopes that are inaccessible to conventional mAbs, and their ability to resist denaturation, VNARs are an emerging prospect for use in therapeutic, diagnostic, and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanover Matz
- Dept. Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Helen Dooley
- Dept. Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.
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289
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Abstract
Since the approval of the first monoclonal antibody (mAb), rituximab, for hematological malignancies, almost 30 additional mAbs have been approved in oncology. Despite remarkable advances, relatively weak responses and resistance to antibody monotherapy remain major open issue. Overcoming resistance might require combinations of drugs blocking both the major target and the emerging secondary target. We review clinically approved combinations of antibodies and either cytotoxic regimens (chemotherapy and irradiation) or kinase inhibitors. Thereafter, we focus on the most promising and currently very active arena that combines mAbs inhibiting immune checkpoints or growth factor receptors. Clinically approved and experimental oligoclonal mixtures of mAbs targeting different antigens (hetero-combinations) or different epitopes of the same antigen (homo-combinations) are described. Effective oligoclonal mixtures of antibodies that mimic the polyclonal immune response will likely become a mainstay of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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290
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Farajzadeh D, Karimi-Gharigh S, Jalali-Kondori P, Dastmalchi S. Design and Construction of a Novel Humanized Single-Chain Variable-Fragment Antibody Against the Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:308-319. [PMID: 31089365 PMCID: PMC6487432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, which plays a major role in the development and persistence of diseases such as Crohn's disease, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, is the basis for the use of anti-TNF-α therapies. The neutralization of TNF-α or blockage of its binding to the corresponding receptor has mainly served as a therapeutic strategy against some inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the production of a humanized single chain antibody (scFv) against TNF-α. Therefore, a murine monoclonal antibody, D2 mAb, was selected for humanizing by the complementarity determining region (CDR)-grafting method. Briefly, the replacement of the CDRs from D2 mAb with the specific human single chain scaffold led to the production of a novel humanized single chain fragment variable mAb against human TNF-α (hD2). The subsequent cloning of hD2 into a suitable expression vector, pGEX-6P-1, resulted in the expression of a 52-kDa GST-fusion protein in E. coli, mostly in the form of inclusion bodies. The solubilization and refolding of GST-hD2 inclusion bodies was achieved with the addition of 4 M urea and subsequent dialysis to recover the fusion protein in soluble form. Then the soluble GST-hD2 was purified by affinity chromatography through immobilized glutathione. The GST pull-down experiment showed a positive interaction between GST-hD2 and TNF-α protein. Moreover, the results of an MTT assay showed that the purified GST-hD2 has TNF-α neutralizing activity (Kd of 1.03 nM) and hence hD2 has the potential to be developed into a therapeutic agent. However, more investigation is needed to elucidate the potential of in-vivo TNF-α neutralizing activity of hD2 in comparison to other anti-TNF-α antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davoud Farajzadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sadigheh Karimi-Gharigh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Parisa Jalali-Kondori
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey,Corresponding author: E-mail:
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291
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Naran K, Nundalall T, Chetty S, Barth S. Principles of Immunotherapy: Implications for Treatment Strategies in Cancer and Infectious Diseases. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3158. [PMID: 30622524 PMCID: PMC6308495 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in cancer biology and pathogenesis during the past two decades, have resulted in immunotherapeutic strategies that have revolutionized the treatment of malignancies, from relatively non-selective toxic agents to specific, mechanism-based therapies. Despite extensive global efforts, infectious diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating novel, innovative therapeutics that address the current challenges of increasing antimicrobial resistance. Similar to cancer pathogenesis, infectious pathogens successfully fashion a hospitable environment within the host and modulate host metabolic functions to support their nutritional requirements, while suppressing host defenses by altering regulatory mechanisms. These parallels, and the advances made in targeted therapy in cancer, may inform the rational development of therapeutic interventions for infectious diseases. Although "immunotherapy" is habitually associated with the treatment of cancer, this review accentuates the evolving role of key targeted immune interventions that are approved, as well as those in development, for various cancers and infectious diseases. The general features of adoptive therapies, those that enhance T cell effector function, and ligand-based therapies, that neutralize or eliminate diseased cells, are discussed in the context of specific diseases that, to date, lack appropriate remedial treatment; cancer, HIV, TB, and drug-resistant bacterial and fungal infections. The remarkable diversity and versatility that distinguishes immunotherapy is emphasized, consequently establishing this approach within the armory of curative therapeutics, applicable across the disease spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa Naran
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Trishana Nundalall
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shivan Chetty
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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292
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Richards DA. Exploring alternative antibody scaffolds: Antibody fragments and antibody mimics for targeted drug delivery. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2018; 30:35-46. [PMID: 30553519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The field of targeted therapeutics has benefitted immeasurably from the development of high-affinity antibodies. These important ligands have facilitated the development of effective therapies, particularly when conjugated to potent cytotoxic payloads i.e. in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The success of ADCs is evidenced by rapid adoption within the pharmaceuticals community; many major companies have dedicated ADC research programmes. However, despite the advantages, the field of ADCs has failed to live up to its full potential. Studies have emerged suggesting that traditional IgG scaffolds may not be the optimal format for targeted payload delivery. In response, the protein engineering community has begun to explore alternative high-binding protein scaffolds as antibody mimics. In this short review I will summarise the generation, modification, and application of emerging antibody fragments and synthetic antibody mimics, with a focus on their use as drug carriers. The review aims to highlight the advantages of antibody mimics, and how they could be employed to overcome the issues and limitations of traditional ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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293
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Yang Y, Tian Z, Ding Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Yang L, Zhao F, Ren F, Guo R. EGFR-Targeted Immunotoxin Exerts Antitumor Effects on Esophageal Cancers by Increasing ROS Accumulation and Inducing Apoptosis via Inhibition of the Nrf2-Keap1 Pathway. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1090287. [PMID: 30596104 PMCID: PMC6286775 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1090287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we developed a novel EGFR-targeted antibody (denoted as Pan), which has superior antitumor activity against EGFR-overexpressed tumors. However, it shows marginal effect on the growth of esophageal cancers. Therefore, the variable region of Pan was fused to a fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE38) to create the immunotoxin, denoted as Ptoxin (PT). Results indicated that PT shows more effective antitumor activity as compared with Pan both on EGFR-overexpressed KYSE-450 and KYSE-150 esophageal cancer cells, especially on KYSE-450 cells. Moreover, treatment of PT induces regression of KYSE-450 tumor xenografts in nude mice. Furthermore, we investigated the potential mechanism involved in the enhanced antitumor effects of PT. Data showed that PT was more potent in reducing the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2. More importantly, we for the first time found that PT was more effective than Pan in inducing ROS accumulation by suppression of the Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant pathway, and then induced apoptosis in KYSE-450 esophageal cancer cells, which may partly explain the more sensitive response of KYSE-450 to PT treatment. To conclude, our study provides a promising therapeutic approach for immunotoxin-based esophageal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeted Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyin Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanke Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ziheng Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Feng Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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294
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Regan B, O'Kennedy R, Collins D. Point-of-Care Compatibility of Ultra-Sensitive Detection Techniques for the Cardiac Biomarker Troponin I-Challenges and Potential Value. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E114. [PMID: 30469415 PMCID: PMC6316850 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac biomarkers are frequently measured to provide guidance on the well-being of a patient in relation to cardiac health with many assays having been developed and widely utilised in clinical assessment. Effectively treating and managing cardiovascular disease (CVD) relies on swiftly responding to signs of cardiac symptoms, thus providing a basis for enhanced patient management and an overall better health outcome. Ultra-sensitive cardiac biomarker detection techniques play a pivotal role in improving the diagnostic capacity of an assay and thus enabling a better-informed decision. However, currently, the typical approach taken within healthcare depends on centralised laboratories performing analysis of cardiac biomarkers, thus restricting the roll-out of rapid diagnostics. Point-of-care testing (POCT) involves conducting the diagnostic test in the presence of the patient, with a short turnaround time, requiring small sample volumes without compromising the sensitivity of the assay. This technology is ideal for combatting CVD, thus the formulation of ultra-sensitive assays and the design of biosensors will be critically evaluated, focusing on the feasibility of these techniques for point-of-care (POC) integration. Moreover, there are several key factors, which in combination, contribute to the development of ultra-sensitive techniques, namely the incorporation of nanomaterials for sensitivity enhancement and manipulation of labelling methods. This review will explore the latest developments in cardiac biomarker detection, primarily focusing on the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Highly sensitive detection of cTnI is of paramount importance regarding the rapid rule-in/rule-out of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Thus the challenges encountered during cTnI measurements are outlined in detail to assist in demonstrating the drawbacks of current commercial assays and the obstructions to standardisation. Furthermore, the added benefits of introducing multi-biomarker panels are reviewed, several key biomarkers are evaluated and the analytical benefits provided by multimarkers-based methods are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Regan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland.
- Research Complex, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar.
| | - David Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland.
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295
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Kunamneni A, Ye C, Bradfute SB, Durvasula R. Ribosome display for the rapid generation of high-affinity Zika-neutralizing single-chain antibodies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205743. [PMID: 30444865 PMCID: PMC6239285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen with no approved therapeutics and only limited diagnostics available. To address this gap, six mouse single-chain antibodies (scFvs) to ZIKV envelope (E) protein were isolated rapidly and efficiently from a ribosome-displayed antibody library constructed from the spleens of five immunized mice. Methodology/Results In this report, we have generated a panel of mouse scFvs to ZIKV E protein using ribosome display. The six scFvs demonstrated no cross-reactivity with DENV2 NGC envelope protein, suggesting specificity for ZIKV E protein. These scFvs showed differences in their affinity: two (scFv45-3, scFv63-1) of them were dominant after four rounds of panning, and showed higher affinity (an apparent Kd values from 19 to 27 nM) than the other four (scFv5-1, scFv7-2, scFv38-1, and scFv51-2). All six scFvs showed ZIKV-neutralizing activity in the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) assay and their neutralizing activity was positively correlated with their affinities. Conclusions/Significance The scFvs (45–3 and 63–1) with highest affinity may have dual utility as diagnostics capable of recognizing ZIKV E subtypes and may be further developed to treat ZIKV infection. Our approach has the added advantage of generating Fc receptor-deficient antibodies, minimizing concern of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Kunamneni
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Chunyan Ye
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Steven B. Bradfute
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Ravi Durvasula
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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296
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Lakzaei M, Rasaee MJ, Fazaeli AA, Aminian M. A comparison of three strategies for biopanning of phage-scFv library against diphtheria toxin. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9486-9494. [PMID: 30417355 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The biopanning process is a critical step in phage display for isolating peptides or proteins with specific binding properties. Conventional panning methods are sometimes not so effective and may result in nonspecific or low-yield positive results. In this study, three different strategies including soluble antibody-capturing, pH-stepwise elution, and conventional panning were used for enrichment of specific clones against diphtheria toxoid. The reactivity of the selected clones was evaluated using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The positive clones were screened using Vero cell viability assay. The neutralizing clones were expressed in HB2151 strain of Escherichia coli and soluble single-chain fragment variable (scFv) fragments were purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. Finally, the ability of scFv fragments for neutralizing diphtheria toxin (DT) were evaluated again using Vero cell viability assay. After four rounds of panning, the soluble antibody-capturing method yielded 15 positive phage-scFv clones against diphtheria toxoid. Conventional panning and pH-stepwise elution model resulted from nine and five positive phage-scFv clones, respectively. Among all positive clones, three clones were able to neutralize DT in Vero cell viability assay. Two of these clones belonged to a soluble antibody-capturing method and one of them came from conventional panning. Three neutralizing clones were used for soluble expression and purification of scFvs fragments. It was found that these soluble scFv fragments possessed neutralizing activity ranging from 0.15 to 0.6 µg against two-fold cytotoxic dose 99% of DT. In conclusion, the results of our study indicate that soluble antibody-capturing method is an efficient method for isolation of specific scFv fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Lakzaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohhamad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Fazaeli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Aminian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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297
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Benjathummarak S, Pipattanaboon C, Boonha K, Wongwit W, Ramasoota P, Pitaksajjakul P. Human single-chain variable fragment antibody expressed in E. coli with optimal in vitro cross-neutralizing and no enhancing activity. Biologicals 2018; 56:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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298
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Vermeulen JG, Burt F, van Heerden E, Cason E, Meiring M. Evaluation of in vitro refolding vs cold shock expression: Production of a low yielding single chain variable fragment. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 151:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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299
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Kiguchi Y, Oyama H, Morita I, Katayama E, Fujita M, Narasaki M, Yokoyama A, Kobayashi N. Antibodies and Engineered Antibody Fragments against M13 Filamentous Phage to Facilitate Phage-Display-Based Molecular Breeding. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1062-1070. [PMID: 29962401 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are essential for characterizing various analytes. "Molecular-breeding" approaches enable rapid generation of antibody mutants with desirable antigen-binding abilities. Typically, prototype antibodies are converted to single-chain Fv fragments (scFvs), and random mutations are genetically introduced to construct molecular libraries with a vast diversity. Improved species therein are then isolated via phage display genotype-phenotype-connecting systems to separate them from a large excess of nonspecific scFvs. During these experiments, counting of phage particles is routinely performed. However, current methods depend on the time-consuming overnight cultivation of phage-infected bacteria on agar plates to estimate phage numbers as plaque-forming units (pfu) or colony-forming units, the results of which fluctuate considerably. Immunochemical systems capturing phage particles should be a more convenient and robust alternative. We therefore generated monoclonal antibodies against M13 filamentous phage, which is commonly used for phage display, by employing hybridoma technology. Combinatorial use of two such antibodies (Ab-M13#53 and #71; both specific to the major coat protein pVIII) enabled development of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that could measure ca. 107-1010 phage pfu/mL. To construct a more convenient system, Ab-M13#71 was converted to the scFv form and further fused with an alkaline phosphatase variant. Using this fusion protein, the sandwich ELISA enabled rapid (within 90 min) and reliable phage counting without reducing the sensitivity, and the results were reasonably consistent with those of infection-based methods. The present anti-phage antibodies and scFvs might also enable visualization of individual phage particles by combining them with sensitive fluorescent staining.
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300
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Tayeb HH, Sainsbury F. Nanoemulsions in drug delivery: formulation to medical application. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2507-2525. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale oil-in-water emulsions (NEs), heterogeneous systems of two immiscible liquids stabilized by emulsifiers or surfactants, show great potential in medical applications because of their attractive characteristics for drug delivery. NEs have been explored as therapeutic carriers for hydrophobic compounds via various routes of administration. NEs provide opportunities to improve drug delivery via alternative administration routes. However, deep understanding of the NE manufacturing and functionalization fundamentals, and how they relate to the choice of administration route and pharmacological profile is still needed to ease the clinical translation of NEs. Here, we review the diversity of medical applications for NEs and how that governs their formulation, route of administration, and the emergence of increasing sophistication in NE design for specific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam H Tayeb
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Frank Sainsbury
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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