251
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Kononowicz TW, Roger C, van Wassenhove V. Temporal Metacognition as the Decoding of Self-Generated Brain Dynamics. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:4366-4380. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Metacognition, the ability to know about one’s thought process, is self-referential. Here, we combined psychophysics and time-resolved neuroimaging to explore metacognitive inference on the accuracy of a self-generated behavior. Human participants generated a time interval and evaluated the signed magnitude of their temporal production. We show that both self-generation and self-evaluation relied on the power of beta oscillations (β; 15–40 Hz) with increases in early β power predictive of increases in duration. We characterized the dynamics of β power in a low-dimensional space (β state-space trajectories) as a function of timing and found that the more distinct trajectories, the more accurate metacognitive inferences were. These results suggest that β states instantiate an internal variable determining the fate of the timing network’s trajectory, possibly as release from inhibition. Altogether, our study describes oscillatory mechanisms for timing, suggesting that temporal metacognition relies on inferential processes of self-generated dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz W Kononowicz
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA DRF/Joliot, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin center, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Clémence Roger
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193—SCALab—Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Virginie van Wassenhove
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA DRF/Joliot, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin center, Gif/Yvette, France
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252
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Quandt LC, Kubicek E. Sensorimotor characteristics of sign translations modulate EEG when deaf signers read English. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2018; 187:9-17. [PMID: 30399489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bilingual individuals automatically translate written words from one language to another. While this process is established in spoken-language bilinguals, there is less known about its occurrence in deaf bilinguals who know signed and spoken languages. Since sign language uses motion and space to convey linguistic content, it is possible that action simulation in the brain's sensorimotor system plays a role in this process. We recorded EEG from deaf participants fluent in ASL as they read individual English words and found significant differences in alpha and beta EEG at central electrode sites during the reading of English words whose ASL translations use two hands, compared to English words whose ASL translations use one hand. Hearing non-signers did not show any differences between conditions. These results demonstrate the involvement of the sensorimotor system in cross-linguistic, cross-modal translation, and suggest that covert action simulation processes are involved when deaf signers read.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna C Quandt
- Ph.D. in Educational Neuroscience (PEN) Program, Gallaudet University, 800 Florida Ave NE, Washington, D.C. 20002, USA; Department of Psychology, Gallaudet University, 800 Florida Ave NE, Washington, D.C. 20002, USA.
| | - Emily Kubicek
- Ph.D. in Educational Neuroscience (PEN) Program, Gallaudet University, 800 Florida Ave NE, Washington, D.C. 20002, USA
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253
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Katayama O, Tsukamoto T, Osumi M, Kodama T, Morioka S. Neural Mechanism of Altered Limb Perceptions Caused by Temporal Sensorimotor Incongruence. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:282. [PMID: 30515087 PMCID: PMC6255791 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with strokes or pathological pain suffer distorted limb ownership and an inability to perceive their affected limbs as a part of their bodies. These disturbances are apparent in experiments showing time delays between motor commands and visual feedback. The experimental paradigm manipulating temporal delay is considered possible to clarify, in detail, the degree of altered limb perception, peculiarity and movement disorders that are caused by temporal sensorimotor incongruence. However, the neural mechanisms of these body perceptions, peculiarity and motor control remain unknown. In this experiment, we used exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) with independent component analysis (ICA) to clarify the neural mechanisms of altered limb perceptions caused by temporal sensorimotor incongruence. Seventeen healthy participants were recruited, and temporal sensorimotor incongruence was systematically evoked using a visual feedback delay system. Participants periodically extended their right wrists while viewing video images of their hands that were delayed by 0, 150, 250, 350 and 600 ms. To investigate neural mechanisms, altered limb perceptions were then rated using the 7-point Likert scale and brain activities were concomitantly examined with electroencephalographic (EEG) analyses using eLORETA-ICA. These experiments revealed that peculiarities are caused prior to perceptions of limb loss and heaviness. Moreover, we show that supplementary motor and parietal association areas are involved in changes of peculiarity, limb loss, heaviness and movement accuracy due to temporal sensorimotor incongruence. We suggest that abnormalities in these areas contribute to neural mechanisms that modify altered limb perceptions and movement accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Katayama
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kio University, Nara, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Watanabe Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukamoto
- Department of Undergraduate School of Health Sciences, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Michihiro Osumi
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kio University, Nara, Japan.,Department of Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shu Morioka
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kio University, Nara, Japan.,Department of Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Nara, Japan
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254
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Barlow SE, Medrano P, Seichepine DR, Ross RS. Investigation of the changes in oscillatory power during task switching after mild traumatic brain injury. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:3498-3513. [PMID: 30383314 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can cause persistent cognitive changes. These cognitive changes may be due to changes in neural communication. Task-switching is a cognitive control operation that may be susceptible to mTBI and is associated with oscillations in theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), and beta (14-30 Hz) ranges. This study aimed to investigate oscillatory power in response to cues indicating a task-switch after mTBI. Electroencephalogram and behavioral data were collected from 21 participants with a history of two or more concussions (mTBI) and 21 age- and gender-matched controls as they performed a task-switching paradigm. Participants differentiated whether visual stimuli were red or green, or circles or squares, depending on a cue. The cue changed every few trials with the first trial after a rule change being termed a switch trial. The mTBI group showed significantly less overall accuracy during the task. Over a posterior parietal region, the mTBI group showed more theta desynchronization than the control group from ~300 to ~600 ms post-cue during switch trials and from ~300 to 400 ms during maintain trials, along with less alpha and beta desynchronization than the control group from ~2,000 to ~2,200 ms post-cue. In a right parietal region, the mTBI group showed less alpha and beta desynchronization from ~525 to ~775 ms post-cue. However, there was no condition × group interaction in the behavior or oscillatory results. These oscillatory differences suggest a change in neural communication is present after mTBI that may relate to global changes in task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Barlow
- Psychology Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire.,Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Paolo Medrano
- Psychology Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Daniel R Seichepine
- Neuropsychology Program, University of New Hampshire at Manchester, Manchester, New Hampshire
| | - Robert S Ross
- Psychology Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire.,Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
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255
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Miller EK, Lundqvist M, Bastos AM. Working Memory 2.0. Neuron 2018; 100:463-475. [PMID: 30359609 PMCID: PMC8112390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Working memory is the fundamental function by which we break free from reflexive input-output reactions to gain control over our own thoughts. It has two types of mechanisms: online maintenance of information and its volitional or executive control. Classic models proposed persistent spiking for maintenance but have not explicitly addressed executive control. We review recent theoretical and empirical studies that suggest updates and additions to the classic model. Synaptic weight changes between sparse bursts of spiking strengthen working memory maintenance. Executive control acts via interplay between network oscillations in gamma (30-100 Hz) in superficial cortical layers (layers 2 and 3) and alpha and beta (10-30 Hz) in deep cortical layers (layers 5 and 6). Deep-layer alpha and beta are associated with top-down information and inhibition. It regulates the flow of bottom-up sensory information associated with superficial layer gamma. We propose that interactions between different rhythms in distinct cortical layers underlie working memory maintenance and its volitional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earl K Miller
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Mikael Lundqvist
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - André M Bastos
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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256
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Bonaiuto JJ, Meyer SS, Little S, Rossiter H, Callaghan MF, Dick F, Barnes GR, Bestmann S. Lamina-specific cortical dynamics in human visual and sensorimotor cortices. eLife 2018; 7:e33977. [PMID: 30346274 PMCID: PMC6197856 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct anatomical and spectral channels are thought to play specialized roles in the communication within cortical networks. While activity in the alpha and beta frequency range (7 - 40 Hz) is thought to predominantly originate from infragranular cortical layers conveying feedback-related information, activity in the gamma range (>40 Hz) dominates in supragranular layers communicating feedforward signals. We leveraged high precision MEG to test this proposal, directly and non-invasively, in human participants performing visually cued actions. We found that visual alpha mapped onto deep cortical laminae, whereas visual gamma predominantly occurred more superficially. This lamina-specificity was echoed in movement-related sensorimotor beta and gamma activity. These lamina-specific pre- and post- movement changes in sensorimotor beta and gamma activity suggest a more complex functional role than the proposed feedback and feedforward communication in sensory cortex. Distinct frequency channels thus operate in a lamina-specific manner across cortex, but may fulfill distinct functional roles in sensory and motor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Bonaiuto
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department for Movement and Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sofie S Meyer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon Little
- Department for Movement and Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Holly Rossiter
- CUBRIC, School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Martina F Callaghan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Frederic Dick
- Department of Psychological SciencesBirkbeck College, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gareth R Barnes
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sven Bestmann
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department for Movement and Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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257
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Proactive Sensing of Periodic and Aperiodic Auditory Patterns. Trends Cogn Sci 2018; 22:870-882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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258
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Kumbhare D, Palys V, Toms J, Wickramasinghe CS, Amarasinghe K, Manic M, Hughes E, Holloway KL. Nucleus Basalis of Meynert Stimulation for Dementia: Theoretical and Technical Considerations. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:614. [PMID: 30233297 PMCID: PMC6130053 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) is currently being evaluated as a potential therapy to improve memory and overall cognitive function in dementia. Although, the animal literature has demonstrated robust improvement in cognitive functions, phase 1 trial results in humans have not been as clear-cut. We hypothesize that this may reflect differences in electrode location within the NBM, type and timing of stimulation, and the lack of a biomarker for determining the stimulation's effectiveness in real time. In this article, we propose a methodology to address these issues in an effort to effectively interface with this powerful cognitive nucleus for the treatment of dementia. Specifically, we propose the use of diffusion tensor imaging to identify the nucleus and its tracts, quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) to identify the physiologic response to stimulation during programming, and investigation of stimulation parameters that incorporate the phase locking and cross frequency coupling of gamma and slower oscillations characteristic of the NBM's innate physiology. We propose that modulating the baseline gamma burst stimulation frequency, specifically with a slower rhythm such as theta or delta will pose more effective coupling between NBM and different cortical regions involved in many learning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumbhare
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States
- McGuire Research Institute, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Viktoras Palys
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jamie Toms
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States
- Southeast PD Research, Education and Clinical Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Kasun Amarasinghe
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Milos Manic
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Evan Hughes
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kathryn L. Holloway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States
- Southeast PD Research, Education and Clinical Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
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259
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Cha YH, Shou G, Gleghorn D, Doudican BC, Yuan H, Ding L. Electrophysiological Signatures of Intrinsic Functional Connectivity Related to rTMS Treatment for Mal de Debarquement Syndrome. Brain Topogr 2018; 31:1047-1058. [PMID: 30099627 PMCID: PMC6182441 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To determine intrinsic functional connectivity (IFC) related to symptom changes induced by rTMS in mal de debarquement syndrome (MdDS), a motion perceptual disorder induced by entrainment to oscillating motion. Twenty right-handed women (mean age: 52.9 ± 12.6 years; mean duration illness: 35.2 ± 24.2 months) with MdDS received five sessions of rTMS (1 Hz right DLPFC, 10 Hz left DLPFC) over consecutive days. High-density (128-channel) resting-state EEG were recorded prior to and following treatment sessions and analyzed using a group-level independent component (IC) analysis. IFC between 19 ICs was quantified by inter-IC phase coherence (ICPC) in six frequency bands (delta, theta, low alpha, high alpha, beta, gamma). Correlational analyses between IFCs and symptoms were performed. Symptom improvement after rTMS was significantly correlated with (1) an increase in low alpha band (8–10 Hz) IFC but a decrease of IFC in all other bands, and (2) high baseline IFC in the high alpha (11–13 Hz) and beta bands (14–30 Hz). Most treatment related IFC changes occurred between frontal and parietal regions with a linear association between the degree of symptom improvement and the number of coherent IFC changes. Frequency band and region specific IFC changes correlate with and can predict symptom changes induced by rTMS over DLPFC in MdDS. MdDS symptom response correlates with high baseline IFC in most frequency bands. Treatment induced increase in long-range low alpha IFC and decreases in IFC in other bands as well as the proportion of coherent IFC changes correlate with symptom reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Hee Cha
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA. .,University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | - Guofa Shou
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Diamond Gleghorn
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Benjamin C Doudican
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Han Yuan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA.,Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA.,Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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260
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Hari R, Baillet S, Barnes G, Burgess R, Forss N, Gross J, Hämäläinen M, Jensen O, Kakigi R, Mauguière F, Nakasato N, Puce A, Romani GL, Schnitzler A, Taulu S. IFCN-endorsed practical guidelines for clinical magnetoencephalography (MEG). Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:1720-1747. [PMID: 29724661 PMCID: PMC6045462 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) records weak magnetic fields outside the human head and thereby provides millisecond-accurate information about neuronal currents supporting human brain function. MEG and electroencephalography (EEG) are closely related complementary methods and should be interpreted together whenever possible. This manuscript covers the basic physical and physiological principles of MEG and discusses the main aspects of state-of-the-art MEG data analysis. We provide guidelines for best practices of patient preparation, stimulus presentation, MEG data collection and analysis, as well as for MEG interpretation in routine clinical examinations. In 2017, about 200 whole-scalp MEG devices were in operation worldwide, many of them located in clinical environments. Yet, the established clinical indications for MEG examinations remain few, mainly restricted to the diagnostics of epilepsy and to preoperative functional evaluation of neurosurgical patients. We are confident that the extensive ongoing basic MEG research indicates potential for the evaluation of neurological and psychiatric syndromes, developmental disorders, and the integrity of cortical brain networks after stroke. Basic and clinical research is, thus, paving way for new clinical applications to be identified by an increasing number of practitioners of MEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riitta Hari
- Department of Art, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gareth Barnes
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Richard Burgess
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nina Forss
- Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joachim Gross
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Matti Hämäläinen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; NatMEG, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole Jensen
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ryusuke Kakigi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - François Mauguière
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Neurological Hospital & University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Aina Puce
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Gian-Luca Romani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, and Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Samu Taulu
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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261
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Surprise About Sensory Event Timing Drives Cortical Transients in the Beta Frequency Band. J Neurosci 2018; 38:7600-7610. [PMID: 30030396 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0307-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning the statistical structure of the environment is crucial for adaptive behavior. Humans and nonhuman decision-makers seem to track such structure through a process of probabilistic inference, which enables predictions about behaviorally relevant events. Deviations from such predictions cause surprise, which in turn helps improve inference. Surprise about the timing of behaviorally relevant sensory events drives phasic responses of neuromodulatory brainstem systems, which project to the cerebral cortex. Here, we developed a computational model-based magnetoencephalography (MEG) approach for mapping the resulting cortical transients across space, time, and frequency, in the human brain (N = 28, 17 female). We used a Bayesian ideal observer model to learn the statistics of the timing of changes in a simple visual detection task. This model yielded quantitative trial-by-trial estimates of temporal surprise. The model-based surprise variable predicted trial-by-trial variations in reaction time more strongly than the externally observable interval timings alone. Trial-by-trial variations in surprise were negatively correlated with the power of cortical population activity measured with MEG. This surprise-related power suppression occurred transiently around the behavioral response, specifically in the beta frequency band. It peaked in parietal and prefrontal cortices, remote from the motor cortical suppression of beta power related to overt report (button press) of change detection. Our results indicate that surprise about sensory event timing transiently suppresses ongoing beta-band oscillations in association cortex. This transient suppression of frontal beta-band oscillations might reflect an active reset triggered by surprise, and is in line with the idea that beta-oscillations help maintain cognitive sets.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The brain continuously tracks the statistical structure of the environment to anticipate behaviorally relevant events. Deviations from such predictions cause surprise, which in turn drives neural activity in subcortical brain regions that project to the cerebral cortex. We used magnetoencephalography in humans to map out surprise-related modulations of cortical population activity across space, time, and frequency. Surprise was elicited by variable timing of visual stimulus changes requiring a behavioral response. Surprise was quantified by means of an ideal observer model. Surprise predicted behavior as well as a transient suppression of beta frequency-band oscillations in frontal cortical regions. Our results are in line with conceptual accounts that have linked neural oscillations in the beta-band to the maintenance of cognitive sets.
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262
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Moment-to-Moment Fluctuations in Neuronal Excitability Bias Subjective Perception Rather than Strategic Decision-Making. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0430-17. [PMID: 29911179 PMCID: PMC6002263 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0430-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceiving an external stimulus depends not only on the physical features of the stimulus, but also fundamentally on the current state of neuronal excitability, indexed by the power of ongoing alpha-band and beta-band oscillations (8-30 Hz). Recent studies suggest that heightened excitability does not improve perceptual precision, but biases observers to report the presence of a stimulus regardless of its physical presence. It is unknown whether this bias is due to changes in observers' subjective perceptual experience (perceptual bias) or their perception-independent decision-making strategy (decision bias). We tested these alternative interpretations in an EEG experiment in which male and female human participants performed two-interval forced choice (2IFC) detection and discrimination. According to signal detection theory, perceptual bias only affects 2IFC detection, but not discrimination, while interval decision bias should be task independent. We found that correct detection was more likely when excitability before the stimulus-present interval exceeded that before the stimulus-absent interval (i.e., 8-17 Hz power was weaker before the stimulus-present interval), consistent with an effect of excitability on perceptual bias. By contrast, discrimination accuracy was unaffected by excitability fluctuations between intervals, ruling out an effect on interval decision bias. We conclude that the current state of neuronal excitability biases the perceptual experience itself, rather than the decision process.
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263
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Rule ME, Vargas-Irwin C, Donoghue JP, Truccolo W. Phase reorganization leads to transient β-LFP spatial wave patterns in motor cortex during steady-state movement preparation. J Neurophysiol 2018; 119:2212-2228. [PMID: 29442553 PMCID: PMC6032117 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00525.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on the origin and properties of spatial patterns in motor cortex β-local field potential (β-LFP) oscillations have focused on planar traveling waves. However, it is unclear 1) whether β-LFP waves are limited to plane waves, or even 2) whether they are propagating waves of excito-excitatory activity, i.e., primarily traveling waves in excitable media; they could reflect, instead, reorganization in the relative phases of transient oscillations at different spatial sites. We addressed these two problems in β-LFPs recorded via microelectrode arrays implanted in three adjacent motor cortex areas of nonhuman primates during steady-state movement preparation. Our findings are fourfold: 1) β-LFP wave patterns emerged as transient events, despite stable firing rates of single neurons concurrently recorded during the same periods. 2) β-LFP waves showed a richer variety of spatial dynamics, including rotating and complex waves. 3) β-LFP wave patterns showed no characteristic wavelength, presenting instead a range of scales with global zero-lag phase synchrony as a limiting case, features surprising for purely excito-excitatory waves but consistent with waves in coupled oscillator systems. 4) Furthermore, excito-excitatory traveling waves induced by optogenetic stimulation in motor cortex showed, in contrast, a characteristic wavelength and reduced phase synchrony. Overall, β-LFP wave statistics differed from those of induced traveling waves in excitable media recorded under the same microelectrode array setup. Our findings suggest phase reorganization in neural coupled oscillators contribute significantly to the origin of transient β-LFP spatial dynamics during preparatory steady states and outline important constraints for spatially extended models of β-LFP dynamics in motor cortex. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that a rich variety of transient β-local field potential (β-LFP) wave patterns emerge in motor cortex during preparatory steady states, despite stable neuronal firing rates. Furthermore, unlike optogenetically induced traveling waves, β-LFP waves showed no characteristic wavelength, presenting instead a range of scales with global phase synchrony as a limiting case. Overall, our statistical analyses suggest that transient phase reorganization in neural coupled oscillators, beyond purely excito-excitatory traveling waves, contribute significantly to the origin of motor cortex β-LFP wave patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Rule
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - John P Donoghue
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
- Institute for Brain Science, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
- Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Wilson Truccolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
- Institute for Brain Science, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
- Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs , Providence, Rhode Island
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264
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Hübner L, Godde B, Voelcker-Rehage C. Older adults reveal enhanced task-related beta power decreases during a force modulation task. Behav Brain Res 2018; 345:104-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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265
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Wiener M, Parikh A, Krakow A, Coslett HB. An Intrinsic Role of Beta Oscillations in Memory for Time Estimation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7992. [PMID: 29789611 PMCID: PMC5964239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying time perception are of vital importance to a comprehensive understanding of behavior and cognition. Recent work has suggested a supramodal role for beta oscillations in measuring temporal intervals. However, the precise function of beta oscillations and whether their manipulation alters timing has yet to be determined. To accomplish this, we first re-analyzed two, separate EEG datasets and demonstrate that beta oscillations are associated with the retention and comparison of a memory standard for duration. We next conducted a study of 20 human participants using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), over frontocentral cortex, at alpha and beta frequencies, during a visual temporal bisection task, finding that beta stimulation exclusively shifts the perception of time such that stimuli are reported as longer in duration. Finally, we decomposed trialwise choice data with a drift diffusion model of timing, revealing that the shift in timing is caused by a change in the starting point of accumulation, rather than the drift rate or threshold. Our results provide evidence for the intrinsic involvement of beta oscillations in the perception of time, and point to a specific role for beta oscillations in the encoding and retention of memory for temporal intervals.
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266
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González-Garrido AA, Gómez-Velázquez FR, Salido-Ruiz RA, Espinoza-Valdez A, Vélez-Pérez H, Romo-Vazquez R, Gallardo-Moreno GB, Ruiz-Stovel VD, Martínez-Ramos A, Berumen G. The analysis of EEG coherence reflects middle childhood differences in mathematical achievement. Brain Cogn 2018; 124:57-63. [PMID: 29747149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Symbolic numerical magnitude processing is crucial to arithmetic development, and it is thought to be supported by the functional activation of several brain-interconnected structures. In this context, EEG beta oscillations have been recently associated with attention and working memory processing that underlie math achievement. Due to that EEG coherence represents a useful measure of brain functional connectivity, we aimed to contrast the EEG coherence in forty 8-to-9-year-old children with different math skill levels (High: HA, and Low achievement: LA) according to their arithmetic scores in the Fourth Edition of the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT-4) while performing a symbolic magnitude comparison task (i.e. determining which of two numbers is numerically larger). The analysis showed significantly greater coherence over the right hemisphere in the two groups, but with a distinctive connectivity pattern. Whereas functional connectivity in the HA group was predominant in parietal areas, especially involving beta frequencies, the LA group showed more extensive frontoparietal relationships, with higher participation of delta, theta and alpha band frequencies, along with a distinct time-frequency domain expression. The results seem to reflect that lower math achievements in children mainly associate with cognitive processing steps beyond stimulus encoding, along with the need of further attentional resources and cognitive control than their peers, suggesting a lower degree of numerical processing automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés A González-Garrido
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo 180, Col. Arcos Vallarta, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44130, Mexico; O.P.D. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Calle Coronel Calderón #777, El Retiro, 44280 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Fabiola R Gómez-Velázquez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo 180, Col. Arcos Vallarta, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44130, Mexico
| | | | | | - Hugo Vélez-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Romo-Vazquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Geisa B Gallardo-Moreno
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo 180, Col. Arcos Vallarta, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44130, Mexico
| | - Vanessa D Ruiz-Stovel
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo 180, Col. Arcos Vallarta, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44130, Mexico
| | | | - Gustavo Berumen
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo 180, Col. Arcos Vallarta, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44130, Mexico
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267
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Schroeder SCY, Ball F, Busch NA. The role of alpha oscillations in distractor inhibition during memory retention. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:2516-2526. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svea C. Y. Schroeder
- Institute of Psychology; University of Münster; Fliednerstr. 21 48149 Münster Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Felix Ball
- Department of Biological Psychology; Faculty of Natural Science; Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg; Magdeburg Germany
- Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine; Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg; Magdeburg Germany
- Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences; Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Niko A. Busch
- Institute of Psychology; University of Münster; Fliednerstr. 21 48149 Münster Germany
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268
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Beta oscillations reflect supramodal information during perceptual judgment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:13810-13815. [PMID: 29229820 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714633115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work on perceptual decision making in the sensorimotor system has shown population dynamics in the beta band, corresponding to the encoding of stimulus properties and the final decision outcome. Here, we asked how oscillatory dynamics in the medial premotor cortex (MPC) contribute to supramodal perceptual decision making. We recorded local field potentials (LFPs) and spikes in two monkeys trained to perform a tactile-acoustic frequency discrimination task, including both unimodal and crossmodal conditions. We studied the role of oscillatory activity as a function of stimulus properties (frequency and sensory modality), as well as decision outcome. We found that beta-band power correlated with relevant stimulus properties: there was a significant modulation by stimulus frequency during the working-memory (WM) retention interval, as well as modulation by stimulus modality-the latter was observed only in the case of a purely unimodal task, where modality information was relevant to prepare for the upcoming second stimulus. Furthermore, we found a significant modulation of beta power during the comparison and decision period, which was predictive of decision outcome. Finally, beta-band spike-field coherence (SFC) matched these LFP observations. In conclusion, we demonstrate that beta power in MPC is reflective of stimulus features in a supramodal, context-dependent manner, and additionally reflects the decision outcome. We propose that these beta modulations are a signature of the recruitment of functional neuronal ensembles, which encode task-relevant information.
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269
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Abstract
In behavior, action and perception are inherently interdependent. However, the actual mechanistic contributions of the motor system to sensory processing are unknown. We present neurophysiological evidence that the motor system is involved in predictive timing, a brain function that aligns temporal fluctuations of attention with the timing of events in a task-relevant stream, thus facilitating sensory selection and optimizing behavior. In a magnetoencephalography experiment involving auditory temporal attention, participants had to disentangle two streams of sound on the unique basis of endogenous temporal cues. We show that temporal predictions are encoded by interdependent delta and beta neural oscillations originating from the left sensorimotor cortex, and directed toward auditory regions. We also found that overt rhythmic movements improved the quality of temporal predictions and sharpened the temporal selection of relevant auditory information. This latter behavioral and functional benefit was associated with increased signaling of temporal predictions in right-lateralized frontoparietal associative regions. In sum, this study points at a covert form of auditory active sensing. Our results emphasize the key role of motor brain areas in providing contextual temporal information to sensory regions, driving perceptual and behavioral selection.
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