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Berger AM, Cochrane B, Mitchell SA. The 2009-2013 research agenda for oncology nursing. Oncol Nurs Forum 2010; 36:E274-82. [PMID: 19726387 DOI: 10.1188/09.onf.e274-e282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
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- College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
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252
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Brandt A, Bermejo JL, Sundquist J, Hemminki K. Age-specific risk of incident prostate cancer and risk of death from prostate cancer defined by the number of affected family members. Eur Urol 2010; 58:275-80. [PMID: 20171779 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thorough assessment of familial prostate cancer (PCa) risk is as important as ever to provide a basis for clinical counselling and screening recommendations. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine the age-specific risks of PCa and the risk of death from PCa according to the number and the age of affected first-degree relatives. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database includes a record of >11.8 million individuals and their cancers from 1958 to 2006. All men from the database with identified parents (>3.9 million individuals) were followed between 1961 and 2006. The study included 26 651 PCa patients, of whom 5623 were familial. MEASUREMENTS The age-specific hazard ratios (HRs) of PCa and the HRs of death from PCa were calculated according to the number and age of affected fathers and brothers. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The HRs of PCa diagnosis increased with the number of affected relatives and decreased with increasing age. The highest HRs were observed for men <65 yr of age with three affected brothers (HR: approximately 23) and the lowest for men between 65 and 74 yr of age with an affected father (HR: approximately 1.8). The HRs increased with decreasing paternal or fraternal diagnostic age. The pattern of the risk of death from familial PCa was similar to the incidence data. CONCLUSIONS The present results should guide clinical counselling and demonstrate the vast increases in risk when multiple first-degree relatives are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brandt
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg, Germany.
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253
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Oh DK, Shim JI, Han M, Kim Y, Lee HY, Jun JK, Choi KS, Park EC. Breast Cancer Screening in Korean Women: Report of the National Cancer Screening Program in 2008. J Breast Cancer 2010. [DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2010.13.3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kwan Oh
- Cancer Early Detection Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jung Im Shim
- Cancer Early Detection Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Mia Han
- Cancer Early Detection Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yeonju Kim
- Cancer Early Detection Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hoo-Yeon Lee
- Cancer Early Detection Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae Kwan Jun
- Cancer Early Detection Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kui Sun Choi
- Cancer Early Detection Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Declines in CRC incidence and mortality over the past 20 years were attributed to CRC screening. Yet, only slightly more than half of the eligible at-risk population acknowledge being screened. To effectively meet the demands of screening in an enlarging, ethnically diverse, and aging population, a variety of modalities are needed. This article provides a focused assessment of effectiveness, limitations, and alternative available screening methods. New modalities endorsed in the updated guidelines (eg, fecal immunochemical tests, fecal DNA, and CT colonography) are reviewed. In addition, advances and updates in existing tests (eg, guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests and colonoscopy) are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongha T Vu
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Digestive Disease Institute, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Denberg TD, Bhide M, Soenksen A, Mizrahi T, Shields L, Lin CT. A patient recall program to enhance decisions about prostate cancer screening: a feasibility study. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2009; 10:75. [PMID: 19948028 PMCID: PMC2789040 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-10-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Lack of time and competing demands limit the ability of patients and providers to engage in informed decision-making discussions about prostate cancer screening during primary care visits. We evaluated a patient recall invervention to mitigate these challenges. Methods Using mail and telephone outreach we invited men age 50-74 years without a PSA test in the prior 12 months to make appointments with their primary care providers in order to discuss the pros and cons of PSA-based prostate cancer screening. We assessed patient responsiveness to the program, provider documentation of screening discussions, orders for PSA laboratories, and provider attitudes. Results Out of 80 eligible patients, 37 (46%) scheduled and 28 (35%) completed a recall appointment. A large majority (91%) of patients eligible for PSA screening received an order for this test. Providers documented PSA discussions more often for these patients than for a recent sample of their other patients who received traditional care (47.8% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.009). Twelve of 14 participating providers felt the program improved their ability to impart information about the risks and benefits of screening, but were uncertain whether it influenced their patients' preexisting preferences for screening. Some expressed doubts about the advisability of PSA-specific appointments. Conclusion To a limited extent, this pilot recall intervention enhanced opportunities for discussions of prostate cancer screening between patients and their primary care providers. As currently configured, however, this program was not found to be feasible for this purpose. A future version should promote screening discussions in the context of a broader range of health maintenance concerns and include more detailed, low-literacy information to educate patients in advance of clinic visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Denberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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256
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Brandt A, Bermejo JL, Sundquist J, Hemminki K. Age at diagnosis and age at death in familial prostate cancer. Oncologist 2009; 14:1209-17. [PMID: 19939895 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A family history of prostate cancer is associated with a higher risk for prostate cancer to first-degree relatives. If greater surveillance of men at familial risk is considered to be useful, population-based estimates of the differences in the age at diagnosis between familial and sporadic prostate cancer cases are needed. METHODS The men in the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database were classified according to the number and type of affected first-degree relatives (father or brother) and according to the relative's age at diagnosis. The cumulative incidence of prostate cancer and cumulative prostate cancer-specific mortality were estimated using a stratified Cox model. RESULTS The cumulative incidence was highest for men with multiple affected first-degree relatives, and it was higher for brothers than for sons of prostate cancer patients. The age to reach the same cumulative incidence as the general population at age 55 years decreased with decreasing age at diagnosis of the relative, ranging from 48.7 years (father diagnosed before 60 years of age) to 53.7 years (father diagnosed after 82 years of age). Prostate cancer-specific mortality was also related to the number and type of affected relatives but there was no clear evidence for a dependency on the age at diagnosis of the relative. CONCLUSIONS Men with a father or a brother affected by prostate cancer are diagnosed and die at earlier ages than men without a family history of prostate cancer. This study should encourage further analysis in order to assess the risks and benefits of screening for prostate cancer in men at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brandt
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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257
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A 4-aminoquinoline derivative that markedly sensitizes tumor cell killing by Akt inhibitors with a minimum cytotoxicity to non-cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 45:705-9. [PMID: 19945197 PMCID: PMC7115421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the enhancement value of chloroquine analogs when used in combination with Akt inhibitors on the MDA-MB468, MDA-MB231 and MCF7 human breast cancer cell lines. The result showed that the combination of certain chloroquine analogs and Akt inhibitors are highly effective. In particular, the chloroquine analog N′-(7-fluoro-quinolin-4-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine (compound 5) was highly effective in sensitizing cancer cell killing when combined with either Akt inhibitor 8 (1-{1-[4-(7-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinoxalin-6-yl)-benzyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-1,3-dihydro-benzoimidazol-2-one) or 9 ([4-(2-chloro-4a,10a-dihydro-phenoxazin-10-yl)-butyl]-diethyl-amine hydrochloride). Importantly, the enhancement of chloroquine analogs 5 on cell killing by Akt inhibitors 8 and 9 was cancer-specific. Thus, this combinational approach is highly promising in controlling tumors with a minimum side effect. Structural analysis of effective and ineffective chloroquine analogs suggests that the 4-aminoquinoline scaffold and lateral side chain of dimethylamino functionality play an important role for the enhancement of cell killing by Akt inhibitors.
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Petrelli NJ, Winer EP, Brahmer J, Dubey S, Smith S, Thomas C, Vahdat LT, Obel J, Vogelzang N, Markman M, Sweetenham JW, Pfister D, Kris MG, Schuchter LM, Sawaya R, Raghavan D, Ganz PA, Kramer B. Clinical Cancer Advances 2009: major research advances in cancer treatment, prevention, and screening--a report from the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:6052-69. [PMID: 19901123 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.26.6171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A MESSAGE FROM ASCO'S PRESIDENT As this report demonstrates—and as history shows—investment in clinical cancer research pays off. Since 1990, cancer mortality rates have declined by 15%. Today, two thirds of patients survive at least 5 years after diagnosis, compared with just half of patients 40 years ago. Patient quality of life has improved dramatically. In addition, thanks to basic research advances, we are entering an era of personalized cancer medicine, in which treatment is tailored to the unique genetics of the individual. Clinical cancer research is finally receiving an urgently needed boost in investment. For the first time in 5 years, federal funding for research has increased. The economic stimulus package infused billions into short-term biomedical research projects, and President Obama has pledged to invest in “a cure for cancer in our time.” However, despite this progress, cancer remains the number-two killer of Americans. Incidence is projected to nearly double by 2020 as the population grows and ages. Scientifically, cancer is highly complex; it is not one disease, but many, and is increasingly defined by thousands of genetic variations, epigenetic changes, post-transcriptional modifications, and combinations of these mechanisms, rather than by site of origin. Unraveling these complexities begins to explain why some cancers are especially resistant to treatment, a fact we have known for some time. Other cancers are fatal because they are typically diagnosed late in the course of disease, when treatment is less effective. To achieve new breakthroughs, the scale of the national response must match the scale of the problem. Years of flat federal research funding have resulted in abandoned or stalled clinical research projects, a deteriorating research infrastructure, and the loss of talented physicians to other fields. In this report, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) commends the recent increases in funding and calls on Congress to make a multiyear commitment to sustained increases in clinical cancer research at the National Institutes of Health and National Cancer Institute. Major advances in cancer treatment cannot be expected to emerge without consistent and predictable investment at the federal level. Although a robust clinical research enterprise is essential to improving patient care, advances mean little if they do not reach people in need. For people with cancer, lack of health insurance can be the difference between life and death. It is estimated that 32% of patients with cancer in the United States are uninsured at some point during their treatment, and more than a quarter opt not to seek treatment as a result. We must end the inequality in health care access. ASCO believes that health care reform must ensure that everyone diagnosed with cancer has the coverage necessary to receive high-quality treatment. To that end, we have made access to cancer care a top priority in our advocacy agenda. I believe the advances described in this report should give all of us cause for hope. Although there is a long road ahead, by investing in a robust national clinical research program and by improving access to high-quality care, we can give every patient the best chance of survival. Douglas Blayney, MD President American Society of Clinical Oncology
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259
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From the ACR grassroots: why residents should fight for medicare coverage of CT colonography. J Am Coll Radiol 2009; 6:809-11. [PMID: 19878891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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260
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Management of endometrial cancer in Asia: consensus statement from the Asian Oncology Summit 2009. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10:1119-27. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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261
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Kiviniemi MT, Hay JL, James AS, Lipkus IM, Meissner HI, Stefanek M, Studts JL, Bridges JFP, Close DR, Erwin DO, Jones RM, Kaiser K, Kash KM, Kelly KM, Craddock Lee SJ, Purnell JQ, Siminoff LA, Vadaparampil ST, Wang C. Decision making about cancer screening: an assessment of the state of the science and a suggested research agenda from the ASPO Behavioral Oncology and Cancer Communication Special Interest Group. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:3133-7. [PMID: 19900944 PMCID: PMC2810193 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-11-aspo] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marc T Kiviniemi
- Department of Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14222, USA.
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262
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Hybrid pharmacophore design and synthesis of isatin–benzothiazole analogs for their anti-breast cancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7585-92. [PMID: 19804979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GA), the most common double primary cancer is colorectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the necessity of preoperative colonoscopy in patients with GA who have no symptoms of colorectal disease or any past/family history of colorectal cancer. MATERIALS Colonoscopy was carried out in 205 patients before gastric surgery for treatment of GA. The prevalence of colorectal neoplasms (CRN, adenoma and adenocarcinoma) was evaluated according to age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and stage, location and differentiation of GA. RESULTS The median age and BMI were 59 years (range 32-81) and 22.9 (range 17.0-42.3), respectively. There were 135 male patients (65.9%). Synchronous adenoma and adenocarcinoma were detected in 68 (33.2%) and four (2.0%) patients, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that patients 50 years and older, male or with multiple GA had a significantly higher incidence of CRN (P = 0.005, 0.019, and 0.023, respectively). All of the GA patients with synchronous colorectal adenocarcinoma were older than 50 years. The stage, location and differentiation of GA and BMI did not show a significant difference in the incidence of CRN. Multivariate analysis showed that age (50 years and older) was the only risk factor of CRN in GA patients (odds ratio 2.470; 95% confidence interval 1.058-5.767). CONCLUSION Preoperative colonoscopy for screening of CRN should be considered in GA patients > or = 50 years because of a relatively high prevalence of CRN and the possibility of synchronous CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Ook Kim
- Departments of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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264
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Prostate cancer in senior adults: over- or undertreated? Wien Med Wochenschr 2009; 159:521-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10354-009-0697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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265
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McQueen A, Bartholomew LK, Greisinger AJ, Medina GG, Hawley ST, Haidet P, Bettencourt JL, Shokar NK, Ling BS, Vernon SW. Behind closed doors: physician-patient discussions about colorectal cancer screening. J Gen Intern Med 2009; 24:1228-35. [PMID: 19763699 PMCID: PMC2771240 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-009-1108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the availability of multiple effective screening tests for colorectal cancer, screening rates remain suboptimal. The literature documents patient preferences for different test types and recommends a shared decision-making approach for physician-patient colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) discussions, but it is unknown whether such communication about CRCS preferences and options actually occurs in busy primary-care settings. OBJECTIVE Describe physician-patient CRCS discussions during a wellness visit. DESIGN Cross-sectional; patients audio-recorded with physicians. PARTICIPANTS A subset of patients (N = 64) participating in a behavioral intervention trial designed to increase CRCS who completed a wellness visit during the trial with a participating physician (N = 8). APPROACH Transcripts were analyzed using qualitative methods. RESULTS Physicians in this sample consistently recommended CRCS, but focused on colonoscopy. Physicians did not offer a fecal occult blood test alone as a screening choice, which may have created missed opportunities for some patients to get screened. In this single visit, physicians' communication processes generally precluded discussion of patients' test preferences and did not facilitate shared decision-making. Patients' questions indicated their interest in different CRCS test types and appeared to elicit more information from physicians. Some patients remained resistant to CRCS after discussing it with a physician. CONCLUSION If a preference for colonoscopy is widespread among primary-care physicians, the implications for intervention are either to prepare patients for this preference or to train physicians to offer options when recommending screening to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy McQueen
- Division of Health Behavior Research, Washington University, School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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266
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Sun L, Caire AA, Robertson CN, George DJ, Polascik TJ, Maloney KE, Walther PJ, Stackhouse DA, Lack BD, Albala DM, Moul JW. Men Older Than 70 Years Have Higher Risk Prostate Cancer and Poorer Survival in the Early and Late Prostate Specific Antigen Eras. J Urol 2009; 182:2242-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leon Sun
- Duke Prostate Center and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Arthur A. Caire
- Duke Prostate Center and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cary N. Robertson
- Duke Prostate Center and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniel J. George
- Duke Prostate Center and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas J. Polascik
- Duke Prostate Center and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kelly E. Maloney
- Duke Prostate Center and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Philip J. Walther
- Duke Prostate Center and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Danielle A. Stackhouse
- Duke Prostate Center and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin D. Lack
- Duke Prostate Center and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David M. Albala
- Duke Prostate Center and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Judd W. Moul
- Duke Prostate Center and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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267
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Tan HT, Low J, Lim SG, Chung MCM. Serum autoantibodies as biomarkers for early cancer detection. FEBS J 2009; 276:6880-904. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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268
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Beatty JS, Williams HT, Gucwa AL, Hughes MP, Vasudeva VS, Aldridge BA, Fields DM, David GS, Lind DS, Kruse EJ, McLoughlin JM. The predictive value of incidental PET/CT findings suspicious for breast cancer in women with non-breast malignancies. Am J Surg 2009; 198:495-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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269
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Liang YJ, Hao Q, Wu YZ, Wang QL, Wang JD, Hu YL. Aromatase Inhibitor Letrozole in Synergy With Curcumin in the Inhibition of Xenografted Endometrial Carcinoma Growth. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2009; 19:1248-52. [DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181b33d76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Reply. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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271
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CT colonography with limited bowel preparation: prospective assessment of patient experience and preference in comparison to optical colonoscopy with cathartic bowel preparation. Eur Radiol 2009; 20:146-56. [PMID: 19626326 PMCID: PMC2803752 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-009-1517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare participant experience and preference of limited preparation computed tomography colonography (CTC) with full-preparation colonoscopy in a consecutive series of patients at increased risk of colorectal cancer. CTC preparation comprised 180 ml diatrizoate meglumine, 80 ml barium and 30 mg bisacodyl. For the colonoscopy preparation 4 l of polyethylene glycol solution was used. Participants’ experience and preference were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the chi-squared test, respectively. Associations between preference and experience parameters for the 173 participants were determined by logistic regression. Diarrhoea occurred in 94% of participants during CTC preparation. This side effect was perceived as severely or extremely burdensome by 29%. Nonetheless, the total burden was significantly lower for the CTC preparation than for colonoscopy (9% rated the CTC preparation as severely or extremely burdensome compared with 59% for colonoscopy; p < 0.001). Participants experienced significantly more pain, discomfort and total burden with the colonoscopy procedure than with CTC (p < 0.001). After 5 weeks, 69% preferred CTC, 8% were indifferent and 23% preferred colonoscopy (p < 0.001). A burdensome colonoscopy preparation and pain at colonoscopy were associated with CTC preference (p < 0.04). In conclusion, participants’ experience and preference were rated in favour of CTC with limited bowel preparation compared with full-preparation colonoscopy.
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273
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Scheel PJ, Feeley N. Retroperitoneal fibrosis: the clinical, laboratory, and radiographic presentation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2009; 88:202-207. [PMID: 19593224 DOI: 10.1097/md.0b013e3181afc439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is an inflammatory disorder that affects the infrarenal great vessels and surrounding structures. Although first described in 1948 by Ormond, much of the information currently available on this disease is conflicting and results from multiple definitions used by different investigators. We conducted the current study to describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiographic presentation of RPF from a single center using data collected in a prospective fashion.Data on all patients who were referred to our RPF clinic were prospectively collected. We obtained information on presenting signs and symptoms, and on the presence or absence of "traditional risk factors," comorbidities, and family histories. All patients underwent the same battery of laboratory testing, including complete blood count, renal function profile, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), thyroid-stimulating hormone, and antinuclear antibodies (ANA). All patients had contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen and pelvis. The extent of disease was classified based on the anatomic location of the soft-tissue density.Forty-eight patients (26 male and 22 female) met the criteria for RPF and were included in the study. The mean age was 54.25 years. Few patients had traditional risk factors for RPF. Pain and weight loss were the most common presenting symptoms. The mean hemoglobin was 11.6 g/dL. The mean ESR was 40.5 mm/h. Nine patients had positive ANA, all with negative antibodies to dsDNA. CT or MRI revealed the presence of a periaortic soft-tissue density in all (100%) patients; 69% had pericaval involvement, 62% had obstruction of 1 or both ureters, and 35% of patients had involvement of the renal artery or renal vein.In the current report we present the demographics and laboratory and radiographic presentation of a homogenous group of patients with RPF. We attempt to solidify a proper scheme of classification for the disease, and suggest an anatomic classification system that may be used for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Scheel
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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274
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Birdsong GG. Brief guidance document on the appropriate use of human papillomavirus testing issued by the Cytology Education and Technology Consortium. Cancer 2009; 117:149-50. [PMID: 19402053 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kuo PT, Lin TP, Liu LC, Huang CH, Lin JK, Kao JY, Way TD. Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose suppresses prostate cancer bone metastasis by transcriptionally repressing EGF-induced MMP-9 expression. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:3331-3339. [PMID: 19320436 DOI: 10.1021/jf803725h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Prostate carcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death of men in the United States. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) generated from bone tissue contributes to prostate cancer metastasis through stimulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretions from prostate cancer cells. In this study, in vitro invasion assay was performed by incubating penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (5GG) at various concentrations with 2 x 10(4) PC-3 cells for 48 h. The anti-invasive and cytotoxic effects of 5GG were found and evaluated on the human androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cell line by MTT assays and Western blot analyses. 5GG inhibited the EGF-induced cell invasiveness and MMP-9 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner by reducing the MMP-9 transcriptional activity. To explore the mechanisms for the 5GG-mediated regulation of MMP-9, we further examined the effects of 5GG on transcription factors, including NF-kappaB, AP-1, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities. The results showed that 5GG suppressed the EGF-induced NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and also abrogated the EGF-induced activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), an upstream modulator of NF-kappaB. Moreover, we showed that 5GG reduced EGFR expression through the proteasome pathway. These results suggest that 5GG may exert at least part of its anti-invasive effect in androgen-independent prostate cancer by controlling MMP-9 expression through the suppression of the EGFR/JNK pathway. Finally, 5GG suppresses invasion and tumorigenesis in nude mice treatment with intratibia injection of PC-3 cells. These in vitro and in vivo results suggest that 5GG may be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Tsun Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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276
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Georgakilas AG, Aziz K, Ziech D, Georgakila S, Panayiotidis MI. BRCA1 involvement in toxicological responses and human cancer etiology. Toxicol Lett 2009; 188:77-83. [PMID: 19375487 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer associated gene 1 (BRCA1) gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 17 at position 21. In the nucleus of many types of normal cells, BRCA1 protein interacts with several other proteins to mend strand breaks in DNA. It is generally considered a key regulatory protein participating in cell cycle checkpoint and DNA damage repair networks. Exposure to various environmental and genetic factors can induce a severe impact on life span and lead to neoplastic transformation. BRCA1 through its participation in the control mechanisms of cell growth and DNA repair is lately considered as an important component of mammary homeostasis. In this review we summarize the different cellular functions and roles of this gene, the experimental evidence for its linkage to carcinogenesis and recent evidence tying BRCA1 to environmentally induced toxic-stress responses. Finally, we discuss the new insights in the exploitation of BRCA1 defects for the development of new therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Department of Biology, Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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