252
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Holgado D, Vadillo MA, Sanabria D. The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on objective and subjective indexes of exercise performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Stimul 2018; 12:242-250. [PMID: 30559000 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on objective and subjective indexes of exercise performance. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES A systematic literature search of electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar) and reference lists of included articles up to June 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Published articles in journals or in repositories with raw data available, randomized sham-controlled trial comparing anodal stimulation with a sham condition providing data on objective (e.g. time to exhaustion or time-trial performance) or subjective (e.g. rate of perceived exertion) indexes of exercise performance. RESULTS The initial search provided 420 articles of which 31 were assessed for eligibility. Finally, the analysis of effect sizes comprised 24 studies with 386 participants. The analysis indicated that anodal tDCS had a small but positive effect on performance g = 0.34, 95% CI [0.12, 0.52], z = 3.24, p = .0012. Effects were not significantly moderated by type of outcome, electrode placement, muscles involved, number of sessions, or intensity and duration of the stimulation. Importantly, the funnel plot showed that, overall, effect sizes tended to be larger in studies with lower sample size and high standard error. SUMMARY The results suggest that tDCS may have a positive impact on exercise performance. However, the effect is probably small and most likely biased by low quality studies and the selective publication of significant results. Therefore, the current evidence does not provide strong support to the conclusion that tDCS is an effective means to improve exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darías Holgado
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Vadillo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanabria
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
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253
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Dennison O, Gao J, Lim LW, Stagg CJ, Aquili L. Catecholaminergic modulation of indices of cognitive flexibility: A pharmaco-tDCS study. Brain Stimul 2018; 12:290-295. [PMID: 30552060 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopaminergic activity within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) has been implicated in the control of cognitive flexibility. Much of the evidence for a causative relationship between cognitive flexibility and dopamine has come from animal studies, whilst human data have largely been correlational. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS The current study examines whether changes in dopamine levels through tyrosine administration and suppression of dlPFC activity via cathodal tDCS could be causally related to cognitive flexibility as measured by task switching and reversal learning. METHODS Using a crossover, double-blind, sham controlled, counterbalanced, randomized trial, we tested the effects of combining cathodal tDCS with tyrosine, a catecholaminergic precursor, with appropriate drug and tDCS placebo controls, on two measures of cognitive flexibility: probabilistic reversal learning, and task switching. RESULTS While none of the manipulations had an effect on task switching, there was a significant main effect of cathodal tDCS and tyrosine on reversal learning. Reversal learning performance was significantly worsened by cathodal tDCS compared with sham tDCS, whilst tyrosine significantly improved performance compared with placebo. However, there was no significant tDCS × drugs interaction. Interestingly, and as predicted by our model, the combined administration of tyrosine with cathodal tDCS resulted in performance that was equivalent to the control condition (i.e. tDCS sham + placebo). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a causative role for dopamine signalling and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity in regulating indices of cognitive flexibility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Dennison
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Charlotte J Stagg
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Luca Aquili
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
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254
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Andrade SM, de Oliveira EA, Alves NT, Dos Santos ACG, de Mendonça CTPL, Sampaio DDA, da Silva EEQC, da Fonsêca ÉKG, de Almeida Rodrigues ET, de Lima GNS, Carvalho J, da Silva JAS, Toledo M, da Rosa MRD, Gomes MQDC, de Oliveira MM, Lemos MTM, Lima NG, Inácio P, da Cruz Ribeiro E Rodrigues PM, Ferreira RGD, Cavalcante R, de Brito Aranha REL, Neves R, da Costa E Souza RM, Portugal TM, Martins WKN, Pontes V, de Paiva Fernandes TM, Contador I, Fernández-Calvo B. Neurostimulation Combined With Cognitive Intervention in Alzheimer's Disease (NeuroAD): Study Protocol of Double-Blind, Randomized, Factorial Clinical Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:334. [PMID: 30450044 PMCID: PMC6225735 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there is currently no prospect of a cure, and evidence shows that multifactorial interventions can benefit patients. A promising therapeutic alternative is the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) simultaneously with cognitive intervention. The combination of these non-pharmacological techniques is apparently a safe and accessible approach. This study protocol aims to compare the efficacy of tDCS and cognitive intervention in a double-blind, randomized and factorial clinical trial. One hundred participants diagnosed with mild-stage AD will be randomized to receive both tDCS and cognitive intervention, tDCS, cognitive intervention, or placebo. The treatment will last 8 weeks, with a 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be the improvement of global cognitive functions, evaluated by the AD Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog). The secondary outcomes will include measures of functional, affective, and behavioral components, as well as a neurophysiological marker (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF). This study will enable us to assess, both in the short and long term, whether tDCS is more effective than the placebo and to examine the effects of combined therapy (tDCS and cognitive intervention) and isolated treatments (tDCS vs. cognitive intervention) on patients with AD. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02772185—May 5, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nelson Torro Alves
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gomes Dos Santos
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Occupational Therapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Camila Teresa Ponce Leon de Mendonça
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Égina Karoline Gonçalves da Fonsêca
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Thais de Almeida Rodrigues
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Nayara Siqueira de Lima
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Occupational Therapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jamerson Carvalho
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jessyca Alves Silvestre da Silva
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Occupational Therapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Manuella Toledo
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marine Raquel Diniz da Rosa
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcia Queiroz de Carvalho Gomes
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Occupational Therapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nágylla Gomes Lima
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Penha Inácio
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Occupational Therapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Rayssa Gabriela Dantas Ferreira
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Occupational Therapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Renata Cavalcante
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Occupational Therapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Regina Neves
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Brazilian Alzheimer's Association, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Marmo da Costa E Souza
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vivian Pontes
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Thiago Monteiro de Paiva Fernandes
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Israel Contador
- Department of Psychology, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Science, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Bernardino Fernández-Calvo
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, The Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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256
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Almousa A, Alajaji R, Alaboudi M, Al-Sultan F, Bashir S. Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Frontal, Parietal, and Cerebellar Regions in Fasting Healthy Adults. Behav Sci (Basel) 2018; 8:bs8090081. [PMID: 30201910 PMCID: PMC6162609 DOI: 10.3390/bs8090081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation modality that has been investigated in a large number of studies in terms of it is effects on brain function, safety of use, and future implications. The principal aim of this study was to investigate the safety of 1.5-mA tDCS of three brain areas, that is, frontal, partial, and cerebellar cortices, in fasting healthy individuals during the month of Ramadan. (2) Methods: In a single-blinded, sham-controlled study, we assessed the safety of a 20-min tDCS current (1.5 mA, 35 cm2) over the right frontal, parietal, and cerebellar cortex areas after 8 h of fasting in healthy right-handed adult subjects using a standard safety questionnaire. (3) Results: A total of 49 subjects completed the tDCS sessions and safety questionnaire. None of the sessions were stopped due to pain or discomfort during stimulation. Moreover, no subject experienced serious adverse events such as seizures or loss of consciousness. (4) Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the frequency or type of side effects between active and sham stimulation sessions. The tDCS protocol applied in this study was found to be safe in fasting healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Almousa
- Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, P.O. 11445, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reema Alajaji
- Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, P.O. 11445, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Malak Alaboudi
- Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, P.O. 11445, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad Al-Sultan
- Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, P.O. 11445, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, P.O. 15215, Saudi Arabia.
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257
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Sheldon SS, Mathewson KE. Does 10-Hz Cathodal Oscillating Current of the Parieto-Occipital Lobe Modulate Target Detection? Front Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29520215 PMCID: PMC5827548 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase of alpha (8–12 Hz) brain oscillations have been associated with moment to moment changes in visual attention and awareness. Previous work has demonstrated that endogenous oscillations and subsequent behavior can be modulated by oscillating transcranial current stimulation (otCS). The purpose of the current study is to establish the efficacy of cathodal otCS for modulation of the ongoing alpha brain oscillations, allowing for modulation of individual's visual perception. Thirty-six participants performed a target detection with sham and 10-Hz cathodal otCS. Each participant had two practice and two experimental sets composed of three blocks of 128 trials per block. Stimulating electrodes were placed on the participant's head with the anode electrode at Cz and the cathode electrode at Oz. A 0.5 mA current was applied every 100 ms (10 Hz frequency) during the otCS condition. The same current and frequency was applied for the first 10–20 s of the sham condition, after which the current was turned off. Target detection rates were compared between the sham and otCS experimental conditions in order to test for effects of otCS phase on target detection. We found no significant difference in target detection rates between the sham and otCS conditions, and discuss potential reasons for the apparent inability of cathodal otCS to effectively modulate visual perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Sheldon
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kyle E Mathewson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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