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Chen MH, Li CT, Tsai CF, Lin WC, Chang WH, Chen TJ, Pan TL, Su TP, Bai YM. Risk of dementia among patients with asthma: a nationwide longitudinal study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15:763-7. [PMID: 25037169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested an association between asthma and dementia, but the results are still inconsistent. METHODS Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, we enrolled 11,030 participants aged more than 45 years with asthma and 44,120 (1:4) age-/sex-matched controls between 1998 and 2008, and followed them to the end of 2011. Cases of any dementia or Alzheimer's disease that developed during the follow-up period were identified. RESULTS Asthma was associated with an increased risk of developing any dementia [hazard ratio (HR): 2.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.87-2.52] and Alzheimer's disease (HR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.71-4.02). Stratified by age, both asthma in midlife (>45 years and <65 years) and in late life (≥65 years) was associated with a greater likelihood of any dementia (HR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.80-3.41; HR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.74-2.44). DISCUSSION Asthma in midlife and in late life increased the risk of developing any dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanisms between asthma and dementia require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Han Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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252
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Jansson D, Rustenhoven J, Feng S, Hurley D, Oldfield RL, Bergin PS, Mee EW, Faull RLM, Dragunow M. A role for human brain pericytes in neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:104. [PMID: 24920309 PMCID: PMC4105169 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain inflammation plays a key role in neurological disease. Although much research has been conducted investigating inflammatory events in animal models, potential differences in human brain versus rodent models makes it imperative that we also study these phenomena in human cells and tissue. METHODS Primary human brain cell cultures were generated from biopsy tissue of patients undergoing surgery for drug-resistant epilepsy. Cells were treated with pro-inflammatory compounds IFNγ, TNFα, IL-1β, and LPS, and chemokines IP-10 and MCP-1 were measured by immunocytochemistry, western blot, and qRT-PCR. Microarray analysis was also performed on late passage cultures treated with vehicle or IFNγ and IL-1β. RESULTS Early passage human brain cell cultures were a mixture of microglia, astrocytes, fibroblasts and pericytes. Later passage cultures contained proliferating fibroblasts and pericytes only. Under basal culture conditions all cell types showed cytoplasmic NFκB indicating that they were in a non-activated state. Expression of IP-10 and MCP-1 were significantly increased in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. The two chemokines were expressed in mixed cultures as well as cultures of fibroblasts and pericytes only. The expression of IP-10 and MCP-1 were regulated at the mRNA and protein level, and both were secreted into cell culture media. NFκB nuclear translocation was also detected in response to pro-inflammatory cues (except IFNγ) in all cell types. Microarray analysis of brain pericytes also revealed widespread changes in gene expression in response to the combination of IFNγ and IL-1β treatment including interleukins, chemokines, cellular adhesion molecules and much more. CONCLUSIONS Adult human brain cells are sensitive to cytokine challenge. As expected 'classical' brain immune cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, responded to cytokine challenge but of even more interest, brain pericytes also responded to such challenge with a rich repertoire of gene expression. Immune activation of brain pericytes may play an important role in communicating inflammatory signals to and within the brain interior and may also be involved in blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption . Targeting brain pericytes, as well as microglia and astrocytes, may provide novel opportunities for reducing brain inflammation and maintaining BBB function and brain homeostasis in human brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mike Dragunow
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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253
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Zhao QF, Yu JT, Tan MS, Tan L. ABCA7 in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1008-16. [PMID: 24878767 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette A7 (ABCA7) gene has recently been identified as a strong genetic locus associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) through genome-wide association studies (GWASs). ABCA7 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene superfamily, which codes for 49 ABC proteins, divided into 7 subfamilies (coded A-G). As a multispan transmembrane protein, ABCA7 is most abundantly expressed in the microglial cells in the brain. The levels of ABCA7 have been detected to be increased in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, which positively correlated with amyloid plaque burden and disease severity. Emerging data suggests that ABCA7 could be associated with AD via various pathways, possibly including amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, lipid metabolism, and phagocytosis. In this review, we summarize the known functions of ABCA7 and discuss the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to LOAD, as well as their potential physiological effects. Finally, given the contributions of ABCA7 to AD pathogenesis, targeting ABCA7 might provide novel opportunities for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Fei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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254
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Guo Y, Shi S, Tang M, Liang D, Xu W, Wang L, Wang Z, Qiao Z. The suppressive effects of gx-50 on Aβ-induced chemotactic migration of microglia. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:283-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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255
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Velázquez-Moctezuma J, Domínguez-Salazar E, Gómez-González B. Beyond the borders: the gates and fences of neuroimmune interaction. Front Integr Neurosci 2014; 8:26. [PMID: 24659958 PMCID: PMC3952191 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Velázquez-Moctezuma
- Area of Neurosciences, Biology of Reproduction Department, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emilio Domínguez-Salazar
- Area of Neurosciences, Biology of Reproduction Department, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Gómez-González
- Area of Neurosciences, Biology of Reproduction Department, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that occurs in two forms, an early-onset form that is genetically determined and a far more common late-onset form that is not. In both cases, the disease results in severe cognitive dysfunction, among other problems, and the late-onset form of the disease is now considered to be the most common cause of dementia among the elderly. While a good deal of research has been focused on elucidating the etiology of the late-onset form for more than two decades, results to date have been modest and have not yet engendered useful therapeutic strategies for cure of the disease. In this review, we discuss the prevalent ideas that have governed this research for several years, and we challenge these ideas with alternative findings suggesting a multifactorial etiology. We review promising newer ideas that may prove effective as therapeutic interventions for late-onset AD, as well as providing reliable means of earlier and more specific diagnosis of the disease process. In the discussions included here, we reference relevant clinical and basic science literature underlying research into disease etiology and pathogenesis, and we highlight current reviews on the various topics addressed.
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Cui L, Li Y, Ma G, Wang Y, Cai Y, Liu S, Chen Y, Li J, Xie Y, Liu G, Zhao B, Li K. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of microRNA-146a is associated with the risk of Alzheimer disease and the rate of cognitive decline in patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89019. [PMID: 24586483 PMCID: PMC3934871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
miR146a is well known for its regulatory role in the immune response and inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated the links between miR146a and Alzheimer disease (AD) and suggested that miR146a may be involved in neuroinflammation and the metabolism of amyloid-β (Aβ), which are critical events in AD pathology. Although genetic studies have focused on the association between the miR146a gene and susceptibility to several diseases, no association study of miR146a variability with AD has been conducted. In this report, we performed a case-control association study to analyze the genotype and allele distributions of the miR146a, rs2910464 and rs57095329 polymorphisms in a Chinese population consisting of 292 AD cases and 300 healthy controls. We found a significant difference in the genotypes and allele frequencies of rs57095329 between the AD cases and the controls (p = 0.0147 and p = 0.0184, respectively), where the AA genotype of rs57095329 was associated with an increased risk of AD as well the cognitive decline in AD patients. Additionally, the AA genotype of rs57095329 exhibited significantly higher miR146a expression than the GG+GA genotypes of rs2910164 in the peripheral blood cells (PBMCs) of healthy individuals and had a stronger effect on the production of IL-6 and IL-1β when the cells were stimulated with LPS. Our data provide preliminary evidence that the rs57095329 polymorphism in the miR146a promoter is involved in the genetic susceptibility to AD, and this risk AA genotype may increase the expression of miR146a and influence certain proinflammatory cytokines, thus playing a role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - You Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Clinical Research Center of Guangdong Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Shengyuan Liu
- Department of Chronic Disease, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Yuliu Xie
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Gen Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, PR China
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, PR China
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, PR China
- * E-mail: (BZ); (KSL)
| | - Keshen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, PR China
- * E-mail: (BZ); (KSL)
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Choi DH, Kwon IS, Koo JH, Jang YC, Kang EB, Byun JE, Um HS, Park HS, Yeom DC, Cho IH, Cho JY. The effect of treadmill exercise on inflammatory responses in rat model of streptozotocin-induced experimental dementia of Alzheimer's type. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2014; 18:225-33. [PMID: 25566459 PMCID: PMC4241920 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2014.18.2.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill exercise on inflammatory response in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced animal model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). [Methods] To induce the animal model of AD, Sprague-Dawley rats were injected into intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection with 1.5 mg/kg of STZ. Rats were divided into three groups as Sham-con group (n = 7), STZ-con group (n = 7) and STZ-exe group (n = 7). Exercise group ran on the treadmill for 30 min/day, 5 days/week during 6 weeks. [Results] The results of this study were as follows: First, STZ-exe group was improved on cognitive function when compared to STZ-con group in water maze test. Second, STZ-exe group help reduce the expression level of amyloid-beta (Aβ). In addition, Toll-like receptors-4 (TLR4), Nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) level of STZ-exe group was significantly decreased when compared to STZ-con group. [Conclusion] These results show that treadmill exercise had positive effect on cognitive function and reduced inflammatory response in STZ-induced animal model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hun Choi
- Exercise Biochemistry Lab, Korea National Sport University, 88-15 Oryun-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-763, Korea
| | - In Su Kwon
- Exercise Biochemistry Lab, Korea National Sport University, 88-15 Oryun-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-763, Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Koo
- Exercise Biochemistry Lab, Korea National Sport University, 88-15 Oryun-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-763, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Jang
- Exercise Biochemistry Lab, Korea National Sport University, 88-15 Oryun-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-763, Korea
| | - Eun Bum Kang
- Exercise Biochemistry Lab, Korea National Sport University, 88-15 Oryun-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-763, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Byun
- Exercise Biochemistry Lab, Korea National Sport University, 88-15 Oryun-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-763, Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Um
- Department of exercise prescription, Kon-Yang University, 121 Daehak-ro, Nosan chugnam 320-711, Korea
| | - Hoo Seong Park
- Department of physical education, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero Dong-gu Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Dong Cheol Yeom
- Exercise Biochemistry Lab, Korea National Sport University, 88-15 Oryun-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-763, Korea
| | - In Ho Cho
- Exercise Biochemistry Lab, Korea National Sport University, 88-15 Oryun-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-763, Korea
| | - Joon Yong Cho
- Exercise Biochemistry Lab, Korea National Sport University, 88-15 Oryun-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-763, Korea
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259
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Early onset Alzheimer's disease and oxidative stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:375968. [PMID: 24669286 PMCID: PMC3942075 DOI: 10.1155/2014/375968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly adults. It is estimated that 10% of the world's population aged more than 60-65 years could currently be affected by AD, and that in the next 20 years, there could be more than 30 million people affected by this pathology. One of the great challenges in this regard is that AD is not just a scientific problem; it is associated with major psychosocial and ethical dilemmas and has a negative impact on national economies. The neurodegenerative process that occurs in AD involves a specific nervous cell dysfunction, which leads to neuronal death. Mutations in APP, PS1, and PS2 genes are causes for early onset AD. Several animal models have demonstrated that alterations in these proteins are able to induce oxidative damage, which in turn favors the development of AD. This paper provides a review of many, although not all, of the mutations present in patients with familial Alzheimer's disease and the association between some of these mutations with both oxidative damage and the development of the pathology.
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