251
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Spits H, Bernink JH, Lanier L. NK cells and type 1 innate lymphoid cells: partners in host defense. Nat Immunol 2017; 17:758-64. [PMID: 27328005 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are effectors and regulators of innate immunity and tissue modeling and repair. Researchers have identified subsets of ILCs with differing functional activities, capacities to produce cytokines and transcription factors required for development and function. Natural killer (NK) cells represent the prototypical member of the ILC family. Together with ILC1s, NK cells constitute group 1 ILCs, which are characterized by their capacity to produce interferon-γ and their functional dependence on the transcription factor T-bet. NK cells and ILC1s are developmentally distinct but share so many features that they are difficult to distinguish, particularly under conditions of infection and inflammation. Here we review current knowledge of NK cells and the various ILC1 subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hergen Spits
- Department of Cell Biology, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jochem H Bernink
- Department of Cell Biology, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lewis Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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252
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Law BMP, Wilkinson R, Wang X, Kildey K, Lindner M, Rist MJ, Beagley K, Healy H, Kassianos AJ. Interferon-γ production by tubulointerstitial human CD56 bright natural killer cells contributes to renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease progression. Kidney Int 2017; 92:79-88. [PMID: 28396119 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a population of lymphoid cells that play a significant role in mediating innate immune responses. Studies in mice suggest a pathological role for NK cells in models of kidney disease. In this study, we characterized the NK cell subsets present in native kidneys of patients with tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the pathological hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Significantly higher numbers of total NK cells (CD3-CD56+) were detected in renal biopsies with tubulointerstitial fibrosis compared with diseased biopsies without fibrosis and healthy kidney tissue using multi-color flow cytometry. At a subset level, both the CD56dim NK cell subset and particularly the CD56bright NK cell subset were elevated in fibrotic kidney tissue. However, only CD56bright NK cells significantly correlated with the loss of kidney function. Expression of the tissue-retention and -activation molecule CD69 on CD56bright NK cells was significantly increased in fibrotic biopsy specimens compared with non-fibrotic kidney tissue, indicative of a pathogenic phenotype. Further flow cytometric phenotyping revealed selective co-expression of activating receptor CD335 (NKp46) and differentiation marker CD117 (c-kit) on CD56bright NK cells. Multi-color immunofluorescent staining of fibrotic kidney tissue localized the accumulation of NK cells within the tubulointerstitium, with CD56bright NK cells (NKp46+ CD117+) identified as the source of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ within the NK cell compartment. Thus, activated interferon-γ-producing CD56bright NK cells are positioned to play a key role in the fibrotic process and progression to chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becker M P Law
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ray Wilkinson
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiangju Wang
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katrina Kildey
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mae Lindner
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melissa J Rist
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kenneth Beagley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen Healy
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew J Kassianos
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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253
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Stabile H, Fionda C, Gismondi A, Santoni A. Role of Distinct Natural Killer Cell Subsets in Anticancer Response. Front Immunol 2017; 8:293. [PMID: 28360915 PMCID: PMC5352654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, the prototypic member of innate lymphoid cells, are important effectors of anticancer immune response. These cells can survey and control tumor initiation due to their capability to recognize and kill malignant cells and to regulate the adaptive immune response via cytokines and chemokines release. However, several studies have shown that tumor-infiltrating NK cells associated with advanced disease can have profound functional defects and display protumor activity. This evidence indicates that NK cell behavior undergoes crucial alterations during cancer progression. Moreover, a further level of complexity is due to the extensive heterogeneity and plasticity of these lymphocytes, implying that different NK cell subsets, endowed with specific phenotypic and functional features, may be involved and play distinct roles in the tumor context. Accordingly, many studies reported the enrichment of selective NK cell subsets within tumor tissue, whereas the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. A malignant microenvironment can significantly impact NK cell activity, by recruiting specific subpopulations and/or influencing their developmental programming or the acquisition of a mature phenotype; in particular, neoplastic, stroma and immune cells, or tumor-derived factors take part in these processes. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the recently acquired knowledge on the possible contribution of distinct NK cell subsets in the control and/or progression of solid and hematological malignancies. Moreover, we will address emerging evidence regarding the role of different components of tumor microenvironment on shaping NK cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Italian Institute of Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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254
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Muntasell A, Ochoa MC, Cordeiro L, Berraondo P, López-Díaz de Cerio A, Cabo M, López-Botet M, Melero I. Targeting NK-cell checkpoints for cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 45:73-81. [PMID: 28236750 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes specialized in early defense against virus-infected and transformed cells. NK-cell function is regulated by activating and inhibitory surface receptors recognizing their ligands on transformed cells. Modulation of NK numbers and/or function by a variety of agents such as cytokines and monoclonal antibodies may result in enhanced anti-tumor activity. Recombinant cytokines (i.e., IL-15 and IL-2), antibodies blocking inhibitory receptors (i.e., KIR, NKG2A and TIGIT) and agonists delivering signals via CD137, NKG2D and CD16 stand out as the most suitable opportunities. These agents can be used to potentiate NKcell- mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against antibody-coated tumor cells, offering potential for multiple combinatorial immunotherapy strategies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Muntasell
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria C Ochoa
- Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luna Cordeiro
- Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mariona Cabo
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Melero
- Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Departamento de Inmunologia e Inmunoterapia, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain.
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255
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García-Cuesta EM, Esteso G, Ashiru O, López-Cobo S, Álvarez-Maestro M, Linares A, Ho MM, Martínez-Piñeiro L, T Reyburn H, Valés-Gómez M. Characterization of a human anti-tumoral NK cell population expanded after BCG treatment of leukocytes. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1293212. [PMID: 28507799 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1293212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, via intra-vesical instillations of BCG, is the therapy of choice for patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The subsequent recruitment of lymphocytes and myeloid cells, as well as the release of cytokines and chemokines, is believed to induce a local immune response that eliminates these tumors, but the detailed mechanisms of action of this therapy are not well understood. Here, we have studied the phenotype and function of the responding lymphocyte populations as well as the spectrum of cytokines and chemokines produced in an in vitro model of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultured with BCG. Natural killer (NK) cell activation was a prominent feature of this immune response and we have studied the expansion of this lymphocyte population in detail. We show that, after BCG stimulation, CD56dim NK cells proliferate, upregulate CD56, but maintain the expression of CD16 and the ability to mediate ADCC. CD56bright NK cells also contribute to this expansion by increasing CD16 and KIR expression. These unconventional CD56bright cells efficiently degranulated against bladder cancer cells and the expansion of this population required the release of soluble factors by other immune cells in the context of BCG. Consistent with these in vitro data, a small, but significant increase in the intensity of CD16 expression was noted in peripheral blood CD56bright cells from bladder cancer patients undergoing BCG therapy, that was not observed in patients treated with mitomycin-C instillations. These observations suggest that activation of NK cells may be an important component of the anti-tumoral immune response triggered by BCG therapy in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M García-Cuesta
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Esteso
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Omodele Ashiru
- Division of Bacteriology, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency-National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (MHRA-NIBSC), PottersBar, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sheila López-Cobo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Linares
- Urology Unit, Infanta Sofia Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mei M Ho
- Division of Bacteriology, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency-National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (MHRA-NIBSC), PottersBar, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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256
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Tietze JK, Angelova D, Heppt MV, Ruzicka T, Berking C. Low baseline levels of NK cells may predict a positive response to ipilimumab in melanoma therapy. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:622-629. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Tietze
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Munich University Hospital (LMU); Munich Germany
| | - Daniela Angelova
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Munich University Hospital (LMU); Munich Germany
| | - Markus V. Heppt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Munich University Hospital (LMU); Munich Germany
| | - Thomas Ruzicka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Munich University Hospital (LMU); Munich Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Munich University Hospital (LMU); Munich Germany
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257
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López-Botet M, Vilches C, Redondo-Pachón D, Muntasell A, Pupuleku A, Yélamos J, Pascual J, Crespo M. Dual Role of Natural Killer Cells on Graft Rejection and Control of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Renal Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:166. [PMID: 28261220 PMCID: PMC5311043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allograft rejection constitutes a major complication of solid organ transplantation requiring prophylactic/therapeutic immunosuppression, which increases susceptibility of patients to infections and cancer. Beyond the pivotal role of alloantigen-specific T cells and antibodies in the pathogenesis of rejection, natural killer (NK) cells may display alloreactive potential in case of mismatch between recipient inhibitory killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and graft HLA class I molecules. Several studies have addressed the impact of this variable in kidney transplant with conflicting conclusions; yet, increasing evidence supports that alloantibody-mediated NK cell activation via FcγRIIIA (CD16) contributes to rejection. On the other hand, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection constitutes a risk factor directly associated with the rate of graft loss and reduced host survival. The levels of HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells have been reported to predict the risk of posttransplant infection, and KIR-B haplotypes containing activating KIR genes have been related with protection. HCMV infection promotes to a variable extent an adaptive differentiation and expansion of a subset of mature NK cells, which display the CD94/NKG2C-activating receptor. Evidence supporting that adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells may contribute to control the viral infection in kidney transplant recipients has been recently obtained. The dual role of NK cells in the interrelation of HCMV infection with rejection deserves attention. Further phenotypic, functional, and genetic analyses of NK cells may provide additional insights on the pathogenesis of solid organ transplant complications, leading to the development of biomarkers with potential clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Botet
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Immunology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Univ. Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics-Histocompatibility, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro , Majadahonda , Spain
| | - Dolores Redondo-Pachón
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aura Muntasell
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM) , Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - José Yélamos
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Immunology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Pascual
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Crespo
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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258
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Kaljas Y, Liu C, Skaldin M, Wu C, Zhou Q, Lu Y, Aksentijevich I, Zavialov AV. Human adenosine deaminases ADA1 and ADA2 bind to different subsets of immune cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:555-570. [PMID: 27663683 PMCID: PMC11107696 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
At sites of inflammation and tumor growth, the local concentration of extracellular adenosine rapidly increases and plays a role in controlling the immune responses of nearby cells. Adenosine deaminases ADA1 and ADA2 (ADAs) decrease the level of adenosine by converting it to inosine, which serves as a negative feedback mechanism. Mutations in the genes encoding ADAs lead to impaired immune function, which suggests a crucial role for ADAs in immune system regulation. It is not clear why humans and other mammals possess two enzymes with adenosine deaminase activity. Here, we found that ADA2 binds to neutrophils, monocytes, NK cells and B cells that do not express CD26, a receptor for ADA1. Moreover, the analysis of CD4+ T-cell subset revealed that ADA2 specifically binds to regulatory T cells expressing CD39 and lacking the receptor for ADA1. Also, it was found that ADA1 binds to CD16- monocytes, while CD16+ monocytes preferably bind ADA2. A study of the blood samples from ADA2-deficient patients showed a dramatic reduction in the number of lymphocyte subsets and an increased concentration of TNF-α in plasma. Our results suggest the existence of a new mechanism, where the activation and survival of immune cells is regulated through the activities of ADA2 or ADA1 anchored to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliia Kaljas
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, 9 Jinsui Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistokatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Chengqian Liu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, 9 Jinsui Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistokatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Maksym Skaldin
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, 9 Jinsui Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistokatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Chengxiang Wu
- Department of Public Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1960 East West Road, Biomed, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three River Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Qing Zhou
- National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bldg. 10, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Department of Public Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1960 East West Road, Biomed, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Department of Public Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1960 East West Road, Biomed, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Andrey V Zavialov
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, 9 Jinsui Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China.
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistokatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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259
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Dietary flavonoids and modulation of natural killer cells: implications in malignant and viral diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 46:1-12. [PMID: 28182964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large group of secondary plant metabolites present in the diet with numerous potentially health-beneficial biological activities. In addition to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cholesterol-lowering, and many other biological functions reported in the literature, flavonoids appear to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and stimulate immune function. Although the immunomodulatory potential of flavonoids has been intensively investigated, only little is known about their impact on natural killer (NK) cells. Enhancing NK cell activity, however, would have strong implications for a possible clinical use of flavonoids, especially in the treatment and prevention of diseases like cancer and viral infections. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the currently available information on NK cell modulation by flavonoids. Many of the structurally diverse flavonoids stimulate NK cell activity and have thus great potential as diet-derived immune-modulatory chemopreventive agents and may even serve as therapeutic compounds or lead structures for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of both malignant and viral diseases.
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260
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Vulpis E, Cecere F, Molfetta R, Soriani A, Fionda C, Peruzzi G, Caracciolo G, Palchetti S, Masuelli L, Simonelli L, D'Oro U, Abruzzese MP, Petrucci MT, Ricciardi MR, Paolini R, Cippitelli M, Santoni A, Zingoni A. Genotoxic stress modulates the release of exosomes from multiple myeloma cells capable of activating NK cell cytokine production: Role of HSP70/TLR2/NF-kB axis. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1279372. [PMID: 28405503 PMCID: PMC5384384 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1279372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a class of nanovesicles formed and released through the late endosomal compartment and represent an important mode of intercellular communication. The ability of anticancer chemotherapy to enhance the immunogenic potential of malignant cells mainly relies on the establishment of the immunogenic cell death (ICD) and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Here, we investigated whether genotoxic stress could promote the release of exosomes from multiple myeloma (MM) cells and studied the immunomodulatory properties they exert on NK cells, a major component of the antitumor immune response playing a key role in the immunosurveillance of MM. Our findings show that melphalan, a genotoxic agent used in MM therapy, significantly induces an increased exosome release from MM cells. MM cell-derived exosomes are capable of stimulating IFNγ production, but not the cytotoxic activity of NK cells through a mechanism based on the activation of NF-κB pathway in a TLR2/HSP70-dependent manner. Interestingly, HSP70+ exosomes are primarily found in the bone marrow (BM) of MM patients suggesting that they might have a crucial immunomodulatory action in the tumor microenvironment. We also provide evidence that the CD56high NK cell subset is more responsive to exosome-induced IFNγ production mediated by TLR2 engagement. All together, these findings suggest a novel mechanism of synergism between chemotherapy and antitumor innate immune responses based on the drug-promotion of nanovesicles exposing DAMPs for innate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Vulpis
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cecere
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, CLNS@Sapienza, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Palchetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Simonelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo D'Oro
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccine, Siena Italy
| | - Maria Pia Abruzzese
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Petrucci
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ricciardi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Mediterraneo di Neuroscienze Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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261
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Requirements for human natural killer cell development informed by primary immunodeficiency. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 16:541-548. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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262
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Effect of Interleukin-15 on CD11b, CD54, and CD62L Expression on Natural Killer Cell and Natural Killer T-Like Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9675861. [PMID: 27847409 PMCID: PMC5101392 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9675861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion molecules may play an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. We investigated the effect of interleukin- (IL-) 15 on CD11b, CD54, and CD62L expression on natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and CD56+CD3+ NKT-like cells from SLE subjects and healthy controls. SLE patients had decreased circulating NK cells and NKT-like cells compared to controls. NK cells from SLE patients showed higher CD11b and CD62L expression compared to controls. IL-15 enhanced CD11b and CD54 but downregulated CD62L expression on NK cells from SLE patients. Similar observations were found for T cells and NKT-like cells. NK cells from SLE patients expressed higher CD56 than controls; both could be further enhanced by IL-15. IL-15 also enhanced CD56 expression of NKT-like cells from SLE patients. A greater degree of IL-15 induced downregulation of CD62L on NKT-like cells noted in SLE patients compared to controls. The percentage of CD11b expressing NK cells and the % inhibition of CD62L expression on NKT-like cells by IL-15 correlated with serum anti-dsDNA levels in SLE patients, respectively. Taken together, we demonstrated the dysfunctional NK and NKT-like cells in SLE patients with regard to CD11b and CD62L expression and their response to IL-15.
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Cell surface cathepsin G activity differs between human natural killer cell subsets. Immunol Lett 2016; 179:80-84. [PMID: 27666013 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical in diverse defense mechanisms, including elimination of viral infected cells and destruction of tumor cells. NK cells are characterized by the ability to initiate apoptosis in target cells when their cell surface major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) repertoire is missing. On the other hand, NK cells are not activated when MHC I or non-classical MHC molecules are found on the respective cells. It was demonstrated that cathepsin G (CatG) binds to the cell surface of NK cells; however, the distribution of this protease on the cell surface of NK cell subsets has not been identified. Here, we show that CatG cell surface level differs between NK cell subsets. CatG was determined on the protein- and activity level (activity-based probe MARS116) by using flow cytometry. Thus, MARS116 is a novel reporter of cell surface CatG activity and can be used to differentiate between distinct NK cell subsets.
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