3051
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Gonzalez RS, Huh WJ, Cates JM, Washington K, Beauchamp RD, Coffey RJ, Shi C. Micropapillary colorectal carcinoma: clinical, pathological and molecular properties, including evidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Histopathology 2017; 70:223-231. [PMID: 27560620 PMCID: PMC5921077 DOI: 10.1111/his.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with micropapillary (MP) features has only been described recently and is still being characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS We reviewed the clinicopathological and molecular features of 42 CRC with MP features. Twenty-nine cases were also evaluated for immunohistochemical evidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The extent of MP features within our cohort ranged from 5% (13 cases) to 100% (one case). Twenty-seven cases featured prominent cribriforming with dirty necrosis in the non-MP component; nine displayed mucinous features. Twenty-four of 29 cases (83%) demonstrated evidence of EMT. Thirty-six cases (86%) showed advanced T-category (pT3 or pT4), 31 (74%) had lymph node metastases and 23 (55%) had distant metastases. Median overall follow-up was 36 months. Seventeen patients (40%) died of disease, with median survival of 23 months. Mutations were seen in 17 of 31 tested cases (55%), including 11 KRAS mutations and four BRAF V600E mutations. Microsatellite instability testing was performed on 21 cases; all were microsatellite-stable. Compared to a cohort of 972 conventional CRC, MP CRC was more likely to present as stage IV disease (P < 0.001), but patients with MP CRC showed no significant differences in overall survival after adjusting for stage. CONCLUSIONS Micropapillary features in CRC portend a high likelihood of advanced local disease and distant metastases. MP CRC is often associated with a cribriform pattern elsewhere in the tumour and cystic nodal metastases with prominent necrosis. They also show frequent mutations in KRAS and BRAF. Immunohistochemical evidence of EMT is common in MP CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul S. Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Won Jae Huh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Justin M.M. Cates
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - R. Daniel Beauchamp
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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3052
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3053
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Ferreira BI, Lie MK, Engelsen AST, Machado S, Link W, Lorens JB. Adaptive mechanisms of resistance to anti-neoplastic agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:53-66. [PMID: 30108690 PMCID: PMC6072477 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00394j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic and acquired resistance to conventional and targeted therapeutics is a fundamental reason for treatment failure in many cancer patients. Targeted approaches to overcome chemoresistance as well as resistance to targeted approaches require in depth understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. The anti-cancer activity of a drug can be limited by a broad variety of molecular events at different levels of drug action in a cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous manner. This review summarizes recent insights into the adaptive mechanisms used by tumours to resist therapy including cellular phenotypic plasticity, dynamic alterations of the tumour microenvironment, activation of redundant signal transduction pathways, modulation of drug target expression levels, and exploitation of pro-survival responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana I Ferreira
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR) , University of Algarve , Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, room 2.22 , 8005-139 Faro , Portugal
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine , University of Algarve , Campus de Gambelas , 8005-139 Faro , Portugal .
| | - Maria K Lie
- Department of Biomedicine , Centre for Cancer Biomarkers , University of Bergen , Jonas Lies Vei 91 , 5009 Bergen , Norway
- Department of Pathology , Haukeland University Hospital , Jonas Lies vei 65 , 5021 Bergen , Norway
| | - Agnete S T Engelsen
- Department of Biomedicine , Centre for Cancer Biomarkers , University of Bergen , Jonas Lies Vei 91 , 5009 Bergen , Norway
| | - Susana Machado
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR) , University of Algarve , Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, room 2.22 , 8005-139 Faro , Portugal
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine , University of Algarve , Campus de Gambelas , 8005-139 Faro , Portugal .
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR) , University of Algarve , Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, room 2.22 , 8005-139 Faro , Portugal
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine , University of Algarve , Campus de Gambelas , 8005-139 Faro , Portugal .
| | - James B Lorens
- Department of Biomedicine , Centre for Cancer Biomarkers , University of Bergen , Jonas Lies Vei 91 , 5009 Bergen , Norway
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3054
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Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in circulating tumor cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 95:133-142. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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3055
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Wang S, Cheng Y, Zheng Y, He Z, Chen W, Zhou W, Duan C, Zhang C. PRKAR1A is a functional tumor suppressor inhibiting ERK/Snail/E-cadherin pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39630. [PMID: 27995993 PMCID: PMC5171641 DOI: 10.1038/srep39630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase cAMP-Dependent Regulatory Type I Alpha (PRKAR1A) is a tissue-specific extinguisher that transduces a signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. Loss of PRKAR1A was frequently observed in endocrine neoplasia and stromal cell tumors. However, a few cases were seen in epithelial tumors. Previously, we first found that PRKAR1A was downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Thus, the present study aimed to clarify its clinical implication and biological function as a tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma. The low levels of PRKAR1A transcript were correlated with tumor progression and poor overall survival. The re-expression of PRKAR1A in H1299 cells suppressed the tumor cell proliferation and migration; stable knockdown (KD) of PRKAR1A in A549 cells enhanced this function both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, KD of PRKAR1A in A549 cells promoted the statistical colonization of circulating tumor cells to the lungs in nude mice. These effects by PRKAR1A were attributed to inhibiting E-cadherin expression. Elevated E-cadherin significantly suppressed the PRKAR1A-KD induced cell proliferation and migration. Most notably, deletion of PRKAR1A inhibited E-cadherin by activating ERK/Snail signaling. In conclusion, PRKAR1A was a potent suppressor, and through the inhibition of PRKAR1A-ERK-Snail-E-cadherin axis could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yuanda Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Department of endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wolong Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Chaojun Duan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
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3056
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Mechanism of early dissemination and metastasis in Her2 + mammary cancer. Nature 2016; 540:588-592. [PMID: 27974798 DOI: 10.1038/nature20609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths; metastatic lesions develop from disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) that can remain dormant. Metastasis-initiating cells are thought to originate from a subpopulation present in progressed, invasive tumours. However, DCCs detected in patients before the manifestation of breast-cancer metastasis contain fewer genetic abnormalities than primary tumours or than DCCs from patients with metastases. These findings, and those in pancreatic cancer and melanoma models, indicate that dissemination might occur during the early stages of tumour evolution. However, the mechanisms that might allow early disseminated cancer cells (eDCCs) to complete all steps of metastasis are unknown. Here we show that, in early lesions in mice and before any apparent primary tumour masses are detected, there is a sub-population of Her2+p-p38lop-Atf2loTwist1hiE-cadlo early cancer cells that is invasive and can spread to target organs. Intra-vital imaging and organoid studies of early lesions showed that Her2+ eDCC precursors invaded locally, intravasated and lodged in target organs. Her2+ eDCCs activated a Wnt-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like dissemination program but without complete loss of the epithelial phenotype, which was reversed by Her2 or Wnt inhibition. Notably, although the majority of eDCCs were Twist1hiE-cadlo and dormant, they eventually initiated metastasis. Our work identifies a mechanism for early dissemination in which Her2 aberrantly activates a program similar to mammary ductal branching that generates eDCCs that are capable of forming metastasis after a dormancy phase.
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3057
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Comaills V, Kabeche L, Morris R, Buisson R, Yu M, Madden MW, LiCausi JA, Boukhali M, Tajima K, Pan S, Aceto N, Sil S, Zheng Y, Sundaresan T, Yae T, Jordan NV, Miyamoto DT, Ting DT, Ramaswamy S, Haas W, Zou L, Haber DA, Maheswaran S. Genomic Instability Is Induced by Persistent Proliferation of Cells Undergoing Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Cell Rep 2016; 17:2632-2647. [PMID: 27926867 PMCID: PMC5320932 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β secreted by tumor stroma induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells, a reversible phenotype linked to cancer progression and drug resistance. However, exposure to stromal signals may also lead to heritable changes in cancer cells, which are poorly understood. We show that epithelial cells failing to undergo proliferation arrest during TGF-β-induced EMT sustain mitotic abnormalities due to failed cytokinesis, resulting in aneuploidy. This genomic instability is associated with the suppression of multiple nuclear envelope proteins implicated in mitotic regulation and is phenocopied by modulating the expression of LaminB1. While TGF-β-induced mitotic defects in proliferating cells are reversible upon its withdrawal, the acquired genomic abnormalities persist, leading to increased tumorigenic phenotypes. In metastatic breast cancer patients, increased mesenchymal marker expression within single circulating tumor cells is correlated with genomic instability. These observations identify a mechanism whereby microenvironment-derived signals trigger heritable genetic changes within cancer cells, contributing to tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Comaills
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lilian Kabeche
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Robert Morris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Rémi Buisson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Min Yu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Marissa Wells Madden
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Joseph A LiCausi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Myriam Boukhali
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ken Tajima
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Shiwei Pan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Srinjoy Sil
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Yu Zheng
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Tilak Sundaresan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Toshifumi Yae
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nicole Vincent Jordan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - David T Miyamoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - David T Ting
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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3058
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ZEB1 is neither sufficient nor required for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in LS174T colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:1226-1232. [PMID: 27923654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in metastases formation and acquired therapy resistance in several tumor entities. The two transcription factors SNAIL1 and ZEB1 are thought to be master regulators of EMT and to form a core regulatory network required for EMT-associated transcriptional reprogramming. Yet, inducible EMT models show the sequential upregulation first of SNAIL1 and only subsequently of ZEB1. Therefore, SNAIL1 and ZEB1 might be differentially needed for the onset and propagation of EMT. Here we used LS174T colorectal adenocarcinoma cells which do not express endogenous EMT-inducing transcription factors, to investigate whether ZEB1 is an obligatory downstream mediator of Snail1-induced EMT, and to test whether ZEB1 could elicit an EMT in a background of naïve epithelial cells by itself. However, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of ZEB1 did not affect the ability of ectopically expressed Snail1 to trigger a complete EMT in ZEB1-deficient LS174T cells. In contrast to Snail1, ectopic ZEB1 had only minor effects on cell morphology and invasive growth in three-dimensional spheroid cultures. In agreement with this, expression of ZEB1 did not lead to repression of epithelial marker genes, and mesenchymal markers were not upregulated by ZEB1. Likewise, ectopic ZEB1 expression did not confer increased chemoresistance. We conclude that ZEB1 is neither required nor sufficient for EMT in LS174T colorectal cancer cells.
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3059
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Campbell K, Casanova J. A common framework for EMT and collective cell migration. Development 2016; 143:4291-4300. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.139071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During development, cells often switch between static and migratory behaviours. Such transitions are fundamental events in development and are linked to harmful consequences in pathology. It has long been considered that epithelial cells either migrate collectively as epithelial cells, or undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migrate as individual mesenchymal cells. Here, we assess what is currently known about in vivo cell migratory phenomena and hypothesise that such migratory behaviours do not fit into alternative and mutually exclusive categories. Rather, we propose that these categories can be viewed as the most extreme cases of a general continuum of morphological variety, with cells harbouring different degrees or combinations of epithelial and mesenchymal features and displaying an array of migratory behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Campbell
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), C/Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Jordi Casanova
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), C/Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
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3060
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Latil M, Nassar D, Beck B, Boumahdi S, Wang L, Brisebarre A, Dubois C, Nkusi E, Lenglez S, Checinska A, Vercauteren Drubbel A, Devos M, Declercq W, Yi R, Blanpain C. Cell-Type-Specific Chromatin States Differentially Prime Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumor-Initiating Cells for Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 20:191-204.e5. [PMID: 27889319 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells has been associated with metastasis, stemness, and resistance to therapy. Some tumors undergo EMT while others do not, which may reflect intrinsic properties of their cell of origin. However, this possibility is largely unexplored. By targeting the same oncogenic mutations to discrete skin compartments, we show that cell-type-specific chromatin and transcriptional states differentially prime tumors to EMT. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) derived from interfollicular epidermis (IFE) are generally well differentiated, while hair follicle (HF) stem cell-derived SCCs frequently exhibit EMT, efficiently form secondary tumors, and possess increased metastatic potential. Transcriptional and epigenomic profiling revealed that IFE and HF tumor-initiating cells possess distinct chromatin landscapes and gene regulatory networks associated with tumorigenesis and EMT that correlate with accessibility of key epithelial and EMT transcription factor binding sites. These findings highlight the importance of chromatin states and transcriptional priming in dictating tumor phenotypes and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Latil
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dany Nassar
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Beck
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soufiane Boumahdi
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Audrey Brisebarre
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Dubois
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erwin Nkusi
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Lenglez
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Agnieszka Checinska
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alizée Vercauteren Drubbel
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Devos
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Declercq
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rui Yi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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3061
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Szebeni GJ, Vizler C, Nagy LI, Kitajka K, Puskas LG. Pro-Tumoral Inflammatory Myeloid Cells as Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111958. [PMID: 27886105 PMCID: PMC5133952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the observation of Virchow, it has long been known that the tumor microenvironment constitutes the soil for the infiltration of inflammatory cells and for the release of inflammatory mediators. Under certain circumstances, inflammation remains unresolved and promotes cancer development. Here, we review some of these indisputable experimental and clinical evidences of cancer related smouldering inflammation. The most common myeloid infiltrate in solid tumors is composed of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). These cells promote tumor growth by several mechanisms, including their inherent immunosuppressive activity, promotion of neoangiogenesis, mediation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and alteration of cellular metabolism. The pro-tumoral functions of TAMs and MDSCs are further enhanced by their cross-talk offering a myriad of potential anti-cancer therapeutic targets. We highlight these main pro-tumoral mechanisms of myeloid cells and give a general overview of their phenotypical and functional diversity, offering examples of possible therapeutic targets. Pharmacological targeting of inflammatory cells and molecular mediators may result in therapies improving patient condition and prognosis. Here, we review experimental and clinical findings on cancer-related inflammation with a major focus on creating an inventory of current small molecule-based therapeutic interventions targeting cancer-related inflammatory cells: TAMs and MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor J Szebeni
- Avidin Ltd., Also kikoto sor 11/D., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Synaptogenex Ltd., Őzsuta utca 20995/1, H-1037 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Vizler
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Lajos I Nagy
- Avidin Ltd., Also kikoto sor 11/D., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Klara Kitajka
- Department of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Laszlo G Puskas
- Avidin Ltd., Also kikoto sor 11/D., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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3062
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Crumbs2 promotes cell ingression during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition at gastrulation. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1281-1291. [PMID: 27870829 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During gastrulation of the mouse embryo, individual cells ingress in an apparently stochastic pattern during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here we define a critical role of the apical protein Crumbs2 (CRB2) in the gastrulation EMT. Static and live imaging show that ingressing cells in Crumbs2 mutant embryos become trapped at the primitive streak, where they continue to express the epiblast transcription factor SOX2 and retain thin E-cadherin-containing connections to the epiblast surface that trap them at the streak. CRB2 is distributed in a complex anisotropic pattern on apical cell edges, and the level of CRB2 on a cell edge is inversely correlated with the level of myosin IIB. The data suggest that the distributions of CRB2 and myosin IIB define which cells will ingress, and we propose that cells with high apical CRB2 are basally extruded from the epiblast by neighbouring cells with high levels of apical myosin.
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3063
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Pillai ICL, Li S, Romay M, Lam L, Lu Y, Huang J, Dillard N, Zemanova M, Rubbi L, Wang Y, Lee J, Xia M, Liang O, Xie YH, Pellegrini M, Lusis AJ, Deb A. Cardiac Fibroblasts Adopt Osteogenic Fates and Can Be Targeted to Attenuate Pathological Heart Calcification. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 20:218-232.e5. [PMID: 27867037 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian tissues calcify with age and injury. Analogous to bone formation, osteogenic cells are thought to be recruited to the affected tissue and induce mineralization. In the heart, calcification of cardiac muscle leads to conduction system disturbances and is one of the most common pathologies underlying heart blocks. However the cell identity and mechanisms contributing to pathological heart muscle calcification remain unknown. Using lineage tracing, murine models of heart calcification and in vivo transplantation assays, we show that cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) adopt an osteoblast cell-like fate and contribute directly to heart muscle calcification. Small-molecule inhibition of ENPP1, an enzyme that is induced upon injury and regulates bone mineralization, significantly attenuated cardiac calcification. Inhibitors of bone mineralization completely prevented ectopic cardiac calcification and improved post injury heart function. Taken together, these findings highlight the plasticity of fibroblasts in contributing to ectopic calcification and identify pharmacological targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indulekha C L Pillai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Letters and Sciences, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shen Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Letters and Sciences, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Milagros Romay
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Departments of Human Genetics & Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Larry Lam
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Letters and Sciences, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Letters and Sciences, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Letters and Sciences, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nathaniel Dillard
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Letters and Sciences, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marketa Zemanova
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Letters and Sciences, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Liudmilla Rubbi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Letters and Sciences, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yibin Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physiology, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jason Lee
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ming Xia
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Engineering, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Owen Liang
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Engineering, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ya-Hong Xie
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Engineering, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Letters and Sciences, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Departments of Human Genetics & Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arjun Deb
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Letters and Sciences, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA 90095, USA.
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3064
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Wang C, Zhang W, Zhang L, Chen X, Liu F, Zhang J, Guan S, Sun Y, Chen P, Wang D, Un Nesa E, Cheng Y, Yousef GM. miR-146a-5p mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma via targeting Notch2. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:1548-1554. [PMID: 27832663 PMCID: PMC5155362 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Our previous study found that dysregulated microRNA-146a-5p (miR-146a-5p) is involved in oesophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) proliferation. This article aimed to evaluate its detailed mechanisms in ESCC epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. Methods: Invasion assay, qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to validate the roles of miR-146a-5p and Notch2 in EMT progression. miRNA target gene prediction databases and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to validate the target gene. Results: miR-146a-5p inhibitor led to increase of invaded ESCC cells, while miR-146a-5p mimics inhibited invasion ability of ESCC cells. Protein level of E-cadherin decreased, whereas those of Snail and Vimentin increased in the anti-miR-146a-5p group, which demonstrated that miR-146a-5p inhibits EMT progression of ESCC cells. miRNA target gene prediction databases indicated the potential of Notch2 as a direct target gene of miR-146a-5p and dual-luciferase reporter assay validated it. Importantly, shRNA-Notch2 restrained EMT and partially abrogated the inhibiting effects of miR-146a-5p on EMT progression of ESCC cells. Conclusions: miR-146a-5p functions as a tumour-suppressive miRNA targeting Notch2 and inhibits the EMT progression of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Imaging, Shandong Medical College, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanghui Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengxiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Effat Un Nesa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - George M Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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3065
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Yun-Ju Huang R, Yo-Yan Huang T. A new dimension in drug discovery: reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2417. [PMID: 27735942 PMCID: PMC5133983 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.,Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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3066
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Xu W, Yang Z, Lu N. From pathogenesis to clinical application: insights into exosomes as transfer vectors in cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:156. [PMID: 27686593 PMCID: PMC5043625 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular membrane vesicles that are created by the fusion of an intracellular multivesicular body with the cell membrane. They are widely distributed in serum, urine, saliva and other biological fluids. As important transfer vectors for intercellular communication and genetic material, exosomes can stimulate target cells directly via receptor-mediated interactions or via the transfer of various bioactive molecules, such as cell membrane receptors, proteins, mRNAs and microRNAs, thus exerting their biological functions. This review focuses on the biological characteristics of exosomes, as well as their role and underlying mechanisms of action in the evolution of tumor formation, metastasis, drug resistance and other malignant behaviors. Additionally, this review emphasizes the potential applications of exosomes in the treatment of tumors. Further research may provide new ideas and methods to establish effective, exosome-based strategies for the early diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 YongWaizheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 YongWaizheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| | - Nonghua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 YongWaizheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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3067
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Autophagy in cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2016; 36:1619-1630. [PMID: 27593926 PMCID: PMC5337449 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved self-degradative process that has a key role in cellular stress responses and survival. Recent work has begun to explore the function of autophagy in cancer metastasis, which is of particular interest given the dearth of effective therapeutic options for metastatic disease. Autophagy is induced upon progression of various human cancers to metastasis and together with data from genetically engineered mice and experimental metastasis models, a role for autophagy at nearly every phase of the metastatic cascade has been identified. Specifically, autophagy has been shown to be involved in modulating tumor cell motility and invasion, cancer stem cell viability and differentiation, resistance to anoikis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor cell dormancy and escape from immune surveillance, with emerging functions in establishing the pre-metastatic niche and other aspects of metastasis. In this review, we provide a general overview of how autophagy modulates cancer metastasis and discuss the significance of new findings for disease management.
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3068
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CCN family of proteins: critical modulators of the tumor cell microenvironment. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 10:229-240. [PMID: 27517291 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The CCN family of proteins consisting of CCN1 (Cyr61), CCN2 (CTGF), CCN3 (NOV), CCN4 (WISP-1), CCN5 (WISP-2) and CCN6 (WISP-3) are considered matricellular proteins operating essentially in the extracellular microenvironment between cells. Evidence has also been gradually building since their first discovery of additional intracellular roles although the major activity is triggered at the cell membrane. The proteins consist of 4 motifs, a signal peptide (for secretion} followed consecutively by the IGFBP, VWC, TSP1 and CT (C-terminal cysteine knot domain) motifs, which signify their potential binding partners and functional connections to a variety of key regulators of physiological processes. With respect to cancer it is now clear that, whereas certain members can facilitate tumor behavior and progression, others can competitively counter the process. It is therefore clear that the net outcome of biological interactions in the matrix and what gets signaled or inhibited can be a function of the interplay of these CCN 1-6 proteins. Because the CCN proteins further interact with other key proteins, like growth factors in the matrix, the balance is not only important but can vary dynamically with the physiological states of tumor cells and the surrounding normal cells. The tumor niche with its many cell players has surfaced as a critical determinant of tumor behavior, invasiveness, and metastasis. It is in this context that CCN proteins should be investigated with the potential of being recognized and validated for future therapeutic approaches.
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3069
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Kong J, Sun W, Li C, Wan L, Wang S, Wu Y, Xu E, Zhang H, Lai M. Long non-coding RNA LINC01133 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in colorectal cancer by interacting with SRSF6. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:476-484. [PMID: 27443606 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in many biological and pathological processes, including tumor metastasis. Here we reported a novel lncRNA, LINC01133 that was downregulated by TGF-β, which could inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. An alternative splicing factor SRSF6 was identified to directly interact with LINC01133, and SRSF6 promoted EMT and metastasis in CRC cells independent of LINC01133 And we confirmed that the EMT process was regulated by LINC01133 in CRC cells dependent on the presence of SRSF6. The observation for LINC01133 to inhibit metastasis was also verified in vivo. Moreover clinical data showed that the LINC01133 expression was positively correlated with E-cadherin, and negatively correlated with Vimentin, and there was a robust association of low LIINC01133 expression in tumors with poor survival in CRC samples. These data suggest that LINC01133 inhibits the EMT and metastasis by directly binding to SRSF6 as a target mimic, and may serve as a prognostic biomarker and an effective target for anti-metastasis therapies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlu Kong
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ledong Wan
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Enping Xu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
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3070
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Pattabiraman DR, Weinberg RA. Targeting the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: The Case for Differentiation-Based Therapy. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 81:11-19. [PMID: 28057845 PMCID: PMC5722631 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2016.81.030957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Although important strides have been made in targeted therapy for certain leukemias and subtypes of breast cancer, the standard of care for most carcinomas still involves chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, or a combination of these. Two processes serve as obstacles to the successful treatment of carcinomas. First, a majority of deaths from these types of cancers occurs as a result of distant metastases and not the primary tumors themselves. Second, subsets of cells that are able to survive conventional therapy drive the aggressive relapse of the tumors, often in forms that are resistant to treatment. A frequently observed feature of malignant carcinomas is the loss of epithelial traits and the gain of certain mesenchymal ones that are programmed by the cell-biological program termed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The EMT program can confer (i) an ability to disseminate, (ii) an ability to become stem-like tumor-initiating cells, (iii) an ability to found new tumor colonies at distant anatomical sites, and (iv) an elevated resistance to therapy. These multiple powers of the EMT program explain why it has become an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Recent work has revealed the variable nature of the EMT, with multiple versions of the program being observed depending on the tissue context and the stage of tumor progression. In this review, we attempt to crystallize emerging concepts in the research on EMT and stemness and discuss the benefits of using a differentiation-based therapeutic strategy for the eradication of stem-like populations that have adopted various versions of the EMT program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
- Ludwig/MIT Center for Molecular Oncology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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