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Murugesan AC, Kumaragurubaran K, Gunasekaran K, Murugasamy SA, Arunachalam S, Annamalai R, Ragothaman V, Ramaswamy S. Molecular Detection of Hemoplasma in animals in Tamil Nadu, India and Hemoplasma genome analysis. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:955-968. [PMID: 38032521 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Hemoplasma are small pleomorphic wall-less Gram-positive bacteria that infect erythrocytes of various mammalian hosts. They generally cause asymptomatic or chronic anaemia but occasionally causes overt life-threatening hemolytic anaemia. In the present study, 316 cattle, 115 sheep, 61 goats and 6 buffalo blood samples were collected from various villages or organized farms located in nine districts of Tamil Nadu to detect the hemoplasma by PCR. Overall prevalence of 43.04%, 65.22%, and 44.26% hemoplasma DNA was observed in cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. In total, 21 hemoplasma positive samples were sequenced for 16S rRNA gene which revealed 8 Mycoplasma wenyonii, 11 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' and one Mycoplasma ovis infection. Sheep blood samples from Chennai district were infected with 'Ca. M. haemobos' whereas sheep sample from Thiruvannamalai district was infected with M. wenyonii. At least 50% genes in the hemoplasma genomes were paralogous genes whose functions were not known. Only 'Ca. M. haemolamae' genome contained one primitive CRISPR system without any cas genes. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) could not be identified in any of the hemoplasma genomes but homologous ARG were identified in all the genomes. Adhesion related gene EF-Tu was detected in all 14 hemoplasma genomes but enolase gene was detected only in 'Ca. M. haemohominis' SWG34-3 genome. This is the first report on the prevalence of hemoplasma infection in cattle, sheep and goat in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Chitra Murugesan
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Karthik Kumaragurubaran
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Udumalpet, 642126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | - Raman Annamalai
- Animal Disease Intelligent Unit, Thiruvannamalai, 606601, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pangajavalli S, Kumar RR, Ramaswamy S. Structural, Hirshfeld, spectroscopic, quantum chemical and molecular docking studies of N'-(4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,3-dicyano-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[8]annulen 2-yl) N,N-dimethylformimidamide as CCR2 inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Kumar S, Ghosh S, Sharma G, Wang Z, Kehry MR, Marino MH, Neben TY, Lu S, Luo S, Roberts S, Ramaswamy S, Danaee H, Jenkins D. Preclinical characterization of dostarlimab, a therapeutic anti-PD-1 antibody with potent activity to enhance immune function in in vitro cellular assays and in vivo animal models. MAbs 2021; 13:1954136. [PMID: 34313545 PMCID: PMC8317941 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1954136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) have dramatically changed the treatment landscape for patients with cancer. Clinical activity of anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies has resulted in increased median overall survival and durable responses in patients across selected tumor types. To date, 6 PD-1 and PD-L1, here collectively referred to as PD-(L)1, pathway inhibitors are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. The availability of multiple anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies provides treatment and dosing regimen choice for patients with cancer. Here, we describe the nonclinical characterization of dostarlimab (TSR-042), a humanized anti-PD-1 antibody, which binds with high affinity to human PD-1 and effectively inhibits its interaction with its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. Dostarlimab enhanced effector T-cell functions, including cytokine production, in vitro. Since dostarlimab does not bind mouse PD-1, its single-agent antitumor activity was evaluated using humanized mouse models. In this model system, dostarlimab demonstrated antitumor activity as assessed by tumor growth inhibition, which was associated with increased infiltration of immune cells. Single-dose and 4-week repeat-dose toxicology studies in cynomolgus monkeys indicated that dostarlimab was well tolerated. In a clinical setting, based on data from the GARNET trial, dostarlimab (Jemperli) was approved for the treatment of adult patients with mismatch repair–deficient recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer that had progressed on or following prior treatment with a platinum-containing regimen. Taken together, these data demonstrate that dostarlimab is a potent anti-PD-1 receptor antagonist, with properties that support its continued clinical investigation in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Kumar
- Translational Research, Immuno-Oncology, Checkmate Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Srimoyee Ghosh
- Oncology Experimental Medicine Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Geeta Sharma
- Synthetic Lethal Research Unit, Oncolog, GlaxoSmithKline, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Zebin Wang
- Translational Strategy & Research, GlaxoSmithKline,Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sharon Lu
- Clinical Pharmacology, Scholar Rock, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shouqi Luo
- Toxicology, Atea Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Roberts
- Nonclinical Development, Research In Vivo/In Vitro Translation, GlaxoSmithKline, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | - Hadi Danaee
- Translational Medicine, Blue Print Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Koh SB, Ross K, Isakoff SJ, Melkonjan N, He L, Matissek KJ, Schultz A, Mayer EL, Traina TA, Carey LA, Rugo HS, Liu MC, Stearns V, Langenbucher A, Saladi SV, Ramaswamy S, Lawrence MS, Ellisen LW. RASAL2 Confers Collateral MEK/EGFR Dependency in Chemoresistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4883-4897. [PMID: 34168046 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), identifying and managing chemoresistant tumors has proven elusive. We sought to discover hallmarks and therapeutically actionable features of refractory TNBC through molecular analysis of primary chemoresistant TNBC specimens. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed transcriptional profiling of tumors from a phase II clinical trial of platinum chemotherapy for advanced TNBC (TBCRC-009), revealing a gene expression signature that identified de novo chemorefractory tumors. We then employed pharmacogenomic data mining, proteomic and other molecular studies to define the therapeutic vulnerabilities of these tumors. RESULTS We reveal the RAS-GTPase-activating protein (RAS-GAP) RASAL2 as an upregulated factor that mediates chemotherapy resistance but also an exquisite collateral sensitivity to combination MAP kinase kinase (MEK1/2) and EGFR inhibitors in TNBC. Mechanistically, RASAL2 GAP activity is required to confer kinase inhibitor sensitivity, as RASAL2-high TNBCs sustain basal RAS activity through suppression of negative feedback regulators SPRY1/2, together with EGFR upregulation. Consequently, RASAL2 expression results in failed feedback compensation upon co-inhibition of MEK1/2 and EGFR that induces synergistic apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In patients with TNBC, high RASAL2 levels predict clinical chemotherapy response and long-term outcomes, and are associated via direct transcriptional regulation with activated oncogenic Yes-Associated Protein (YAP). Accordingly, chemorefractory patient-derived TNBC models exhibit YAP activation, high RASAL2 expression, and tumor regression in response to MEK/EGFR inhibitor combinations despite well-tolerated intermittent dosing. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify RASAL2 as a mediator of TNBC chemoresistance that rewires MAPK feedback and cross-talk to confer profound collateral sensitivity to combination MEK1/2 and EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siang-Boon Koh
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth Ross
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Steven J Isakoff
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nsan Melkonjan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lei He
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karina J Matissek
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Schultz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica L Mayer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lisa A Carey
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hope S Rugo
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Minetta C Liu
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Vered Stearns
- Johns Hopkins University and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adam Langenbucher
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Srinivas Vinod Saladi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Leif W Ellisen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Venkatesh Bharathi N, Jeyakumaran T, Ramaswamy S, Jayabalakrishnan SS. Synthesis and characterization of a Eu 3+ -activated Ba 2-x V 2 O 7 :xEu 3+ phosphor using a hydrothermal method: a potential material for near-UV-WLED applications. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:849-859. [PMID: 33569861 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Eu3+ -activated Ba2 V2 O7 (Ba2-x V2 O7 :xEu3+ ) phosphor materials were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and different concentrations of europium (x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05%). Phase purity, structural, morphological, optical, and luminescence characteristics of the as-synthesized phosphors were studied using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectrometry. The recorded XRD patterns of the as-synthesized phosphors were indexed and predicted to be a triclinic structure. A cube-like morphology was obtained for the as-prepared samples. Broad absorption in the UV region from 200 nm to 380 nm was observed and the good transparency in the visible region at 400-800 nm originated from the [VO4 ]3- group charge transfer (CT) transition. The broad emission peak centred at 499 nm was due to the CT band of the [VO4 ]3- group. Also, a sharp peak observed at 613 nm was due to the electric dipole transition of 5 D0 →7 F2 of Eu3+ ions that occupied the lattice sites without inversion symmetry for all concentrations. The colour qualities of the as-prepared samples were calculated using Commission International de l'Eclairage coordinates. The colour-rending index (CRI) value was 86 for the Ba1.97 V2 O7 :0.03Eu3+ phosphor. Furthermore, a WLED with a high CRI value of 95 was achieved by coupling the 3 W 356 nm near-UV light-emitting diode (LED) chip with the Ba2-x V2 O7 :xEu3+ phosphor. These results suggested that the as-prepared phosphor materials are potential candidates for fabrication of near-UV chip excited WLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Venkatesh Bharathi
- PG and Research Department of Physics, NMSSVN College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - T Jeyakumaran
- PG and Research Department of Physics, NMSSVN College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Ramaswamy
- PG and Research Department of Physics, NMSSVN College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
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Jeyakumaran T, Bharathi NV, Sriramachandran P, Shanmugavel R, Ramaswamy S. Synthesis and Luminescence Investigation of Eu3+ Doped Ca2KZn2V3O12 Phosphors: A Potential Material for WLEDs Applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Jeyakumaran T, Venkatesh Bharathi N, Shanmugavel R, Sriramachandran P, Ramaswamy S. Structural, Vibrational, Optical and Improved Photoluminescence Properties of Dy3+ Doped Ca2KZn2V3O12 Phosphors. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Manjunath L, Coombes D, Davies J, Dhurandhar M, Tiwari VR, Dobson RCJ, Sowdhamini R, Ramaswamy S, Bose S. Quaternary variations in the structural assembly of N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase from Pasteurella multocida. Proteins 2020; 89:81-93. [PMID: 32865821 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase (NagA) catalyzes the conversion of N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate to glucosamine-6-phosphate in amino sugar catabolism. This conversion is an essential step in the catabolism of sialic acid in several pathogenic bacteria, including Pasteurella multocida, and thus NagA is identified as a potential drug target. Here, we report the unique structural features of NagA from P. multocida (PmNagA) resolved to 1.95 Å. PmNagA displays an altered quaternary architecture with unique interface interactions compared to its close homolog, the Escherichia coli NagA (EcNagA). We confirmed that the altered quaternary structure is not a crystallographic artifact using single particle electron cryo-microscopy. Analysis of the determined crystal structure reveals a set of hot-spot residues involved in novel interactions at the dimer-dimer interface. PmNagA binds to one Zn2+ ion in the active site and demonstrates kinetic parameters comparable to other bacterial homologs. Kinetic studies reveal that at high substrate concentrations (~10-fold the KM ), the tetrameric PmNagA displays hysteresis similar to its distant neighbor, the dimeric Staphylococcus aureus NagA (SaNagA). Our findings provide key information on structural and functional properties of NagA in P. multocida that could be utilized to design novel antibacterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanyaa Manjunath
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, NCBS, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Tiger Circle, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - David Coombes
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - James Davies
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mugdha Dhurandhar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikas R Tiwari
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Sowdhamini
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Ramaswamy
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, NCBS, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sucharita Bose
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, NCBS, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Navaei A, Uth N, Sargent A, Levinson Y, Ramaswamy S. Important considerations for cell therapy manufacturing of mesenchymal stem cell. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Qiao S, Koh SB, Vivekanandan V, Salunke D, Patra KC, Zaganjor E, Ross K, Mizukami Y, Jeanfavre S, Chen A, Mino-Kenudson M, Ramaswamy S, Clish C, Haigis M, Bardeesy N, Ellisen LW. REDD1 loss reprograms lipid metabolism to drive progression of RAS mutant tumors. Genes Dev 2020; 34:751-766. [PMID: 32273287 PMCID: PMC7263146 DOI: 10.1101/gad.335166.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Qiao et al. set out to investigate the role of REDD1 in the development of KRAS-driven tumors. Using genetically engineered mouse models, the authors show that loss of REDD1 promotes the development of oncogenic KRAS-driven pancreatic and lung cancers. Additionally, the authors use a combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to show that REDD1 deficiency induces lipid uptake, enhances fatty acid oxidation, and suppresses de novo lipid biosynthesis, in particular under hypoxia conditions, which plays an important role for the redox homeostasis of tumor cells through the regulation of NADPH levels. Human cancers with activating RAS mutations are typically highly aggressive and treatment-refractory, yet RAS mutation itself is insufficient for tumorigenesis, due in part to profound metabolic stress induced by RAS activation. Here we show that loss of REDD1, a stress-induced metabolic regulator, is sufficient to reprogram lipid metabolism and drive progression of RAS mutant cancers. Redd1 deletion in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of KRAS-dependent pancreatic and lung adenocarcinomas converts preneoplastic lesions into invasive and metastatic carcinomas. Metabolic profiling reveals that REDD1-deficient/RAS mutant cells exhibit enhanced uptake of lysophospholipids and lipid storage, coupled to augmented fatty acid oxidation that sustains both ATP levels and ROS-detoxifying NADPH. Mechanistically, REDD1 loss triggers HIF-dependent activation of a lipid storage pathway involving PPARγ and the prometastatic factor CD36. Correspondingly, decreased REDD1 expression and a signature of REDD1 loss predict poor outcomes selectively in RAS mutant but not RAS wild-type human lung and pancreas carcinomas. Collectively, our findings reveal the REDD1-mediated stress response as a novel tumor suppressor whose loss defines a RAS mutant tumor subset characterized by reprogramming of lipid metabolism, invasive and metastatic progression, and poor prognosis. This work thus provides new mechanistic and clinically relevant insights into the phenotypic heterogeneity and metabolic rewiring that underlies these common cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxi Qiao
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Siang-Boon Koh
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | - Devika Salunke
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Krushna Chandra Patra
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Ludwig Cancer Center at Harvard, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth Ross
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Yusuke Mizukami
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Jeanfavre
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Athena Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Ludwig Cancer Center at Harvard, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Marcia Haigis
- Ludwig Cancer Center at Harvard, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Leif W Ellisen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Karaayvaz-Yildirim M, Silberman RE, Langenbucher A, Saladi SV, Ross KN, Zarcaro E, Desmond A, Yildirim M, Vivekanandan V, Ravichandran H, Mylavagnanam R, Specht MC, Ramaswamy S, Lawrence M, Amon A, Ellisen LW. Aneuploidy and a deregulated DNA damage response suggest haploinsufficiency in breast tissues of BRCA2 mutation carriers. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay2611. [PMID: 32064343 PMCID: PMC6989139 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Women harboring heterozygous germline mutations of BRCA2 have a 50 to 80% risk of developing breast cancer, yet the pathogenesis of these cancers is poorly understood. To reveal early steps in BRCA2-associated carcinogenesis, we analyzed sorted cell populations from freshly-isolated, non-cancerous breast tissues of BRCA2 mutation carriers and matched controls. Single-cell whole-genome sequencing demonstrates that >25% of BRCA2 carrier (BRCA2mut/+ ) luminal progenitor (LP) cells exhibit sub-chromosomal copy number variations, which are rarely observed in non-carriers. Correspondingly, primary BRCA2mut/+ breast epithelia exhibit DNA damage together with attenuated replication checkpoint and apoptotic responses, and an age-associated expansion of the LP compartment. We provide evidence that these phenotypes do not require loss of the wild-type BRCA2 allele. Collectively, our findings suggest that BRCA2 haploinsufficiency and associated DNA damage precede histologic abnormalities in vivo. Using these hallmarks of cancer predisposition will yield unanticipated opportunities for improved risk assessment and prevention strategies in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihriban Karaayvaz-Yildirim
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rebecca E. Silberman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Adam Langenbucher
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Srinivas Vinod Saladi
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kenneth N. Ross
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elena Zarcaro
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrea Desmond
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Murat Yildirim
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Varunika Vivekanandan
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hiranmayi Ravichandran
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ravindra Mylavagnanam
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michelle C. Specht
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael Lawrence
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Angelika Amon
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leif W. Ellisen
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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12
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Muvaffak A, Zhou Y, Feng B, Wang S, Wang JJ, Ramaswamy S, Coleman KG. Abstract A091: Targeting homologous recombination repair defects in lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-19-a091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide, and accounts for 80-85% of all lung cancer diagnoses. While targeted therapies against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusions have proven to be effective for the treatment of NSCLC, only a fraction of NSCLC patients (i.e. <20%) benefit from these targeted agents. Although immunotherapy approaches, specifically PD-1:PD-L1 blockade, appear to be more broadly efficacious, there are still a substantial proportion of patients who may not benefit from these treatments. To investigate the potential of targeting the DNA Damage Response (DDR) pathway in lung cancer, as an alternative therapeutic approach for these patients we sought to identify whether functionally relevant HRR (Homologous Recombination Repair)-defects could be synthetically lethal with niraparib monotherapy in NSCLC PDX models. Approximately 3% of lung cancers harbor mutations in ATM (i.e. 3.5% in lung adenocarcinomas & 1.4% in lung squamous cell carcinoma), which is involved in HRR as well as multiple other DNA repair and checkpoint functions, but the functional consequences of this alteration remain to be established. Studies in the past few years have demonstrated the potential of targeting the DDR pathway as a promising therapeutic strategy for lung cancer, i.e. in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) where overall response rates to immune checkpoint blockade remain poor. In addition, inhibitors targeting DDR proteins have shown promise in preclinical models of lung cancer, and are under clinical investigation as single agents and in combination with other targeted and immunotherapy agents. In this study, we have evaluated niraparib sensitivity in 57 NSCLC PDX models containing both BRCA and non-BRCA HRR mutations (n=17) as well as HRR WT models (n=40). This analysis demonstrated that niraparib sensitive models include both HRR mutant and HRR WT lung tumors (TGI > 70%). Amongst the PDX models containing a biallelic HRR mutation (ATM, BAP1, RAD51D & XRCC2), only ATM biallelic mutant models were sensitive to niraparib (2 out of 6). Furthermore, none of the of nine monoallelic mutant models (ATM, ATR, BRCA1/2, RAD50 & RAD52) were sensitive to niraparib. Surprisingly, 7.5% (3 out of 40) of the HRR WT PDX models were sensitive to niraparib. Further analysis is required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving niraparib sensitivity in HRR WT NSCLC.
Citation Format: Asli Muvaffak, Yinghui Zhou, Bin Feng, Sarah Wang, Jing Ju Wang, Sridhar Ramaswamy, Kevin G Coleman. Targeting homologous recombination repair defects in lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A091. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-A091
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bin Feng
- TESARO: A GSK Company, Waltham, MA
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Etchegaray JP, Zhong L, Li C, Henriques T, Ablondi E, Nakadai T, Van Rechem C, Ferrer C, Ross KN, Choi JE, Samarakkody A, Ji F, Chang A, Sadreyev RI, Ramaswamy S, Nechaev S, Whetstine JR, Roeder RG, Adelman K, Goren A, Mostoslavsky R. The Histone Deacetylase SIRT6 Restrains Transcription Elongation via Promoter-Proximal Pausing. Mol Cell 2019; 75:683-699.e7. [PMID: 31399344 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes occurs at promoter-proximal regions wherein transcriptionally engaged RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pauses before proceeding toward productive elongation. The role of chromatin in pausing remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the histone deacetylase SIRT6 binds to Pol II and prevents the release of the negative elongation factor (NELF), thus stabilizing Pol II promoter-proximal pausing. Genetic depletion of SIRT6 or its chromatin deficiency upon glucose deprivation causes intragenic enrichment of acetylated histone H3 at lysines 9 (H3K9ac) and 56 (H3K56ac), activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9)-that phosphorylates NELF and the carboxyl terminal domain of Pol II-and enrichment of the positive transcription elongation factors MYC, BRD4, PAF1, and the super elongation factors AFF4 and ELL2. These events lead to increased expression of genes involved in metabolism, protein synthesis, and embryonic development. Our results identified SIRT6 as a Pol II promoter-proximal pausing-dedicated histone deacetylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Etchegaray
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Lei Zhong
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Catherine Li
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Telmo Henriques
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eileen Ablondi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tomoyoshi Nakadai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Capucine Van Rechem
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christina Ferrer
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kenneth N Ross
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jee-Eun Choi
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ann Samarakkody
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
| | - Fei Ji
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Chang
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sergei Nechaev
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
| | - Johnathan R Whetstine
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Karen Adelman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alon Goren
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The MGH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Kaufmann JK, Flynn B, Morse K, Speranza MC, Zhou J, Ramaswamy S, Mackay S, Coleman KG. Abstract 3242: Triple checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3 reinvigorates ovarian cancer-infiltrating T cells by increasing T cell polyfunctionality and effector function. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Co-expression of immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs) PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3 characterizes chronically activated and exhausted tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs), suggesting their targeting may have applicability for the treatment of multiple cancer types. We previously reported improved tumor control in various syngeneic and humanized mouse models when treated with a combination of TSR-042 (αPD-1), TSR-022 (αTIM-3), and TSR-033 (αLAG-3) as compared to single or double combinations. Here, we are characterizing TILs from ovarian cancer tissues and their functional response to triple combination treatment. Immune profiling using flow cytometry confirmed expression of all three ICRs on TILs isolated from primary resections of ovarian cancer. Ex vivo re-stimulation of immune infiltrates with S. aureus enterotoxin B in presence of ICR-targeting antibodies led to increased secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2 when treated with TSR-042. Notably, triple combination of TSR-042, TSR-022, and TSR-033 further amplified cytokine release, indicating more effective TIL reinvigoration. To further understand the differential effects of triple combination treatment over PD-1 blockade, we analyzed αCD3/αCD28-stimulated and antibody-treated ovarian cancer TILs on a single cell level using a microfluidic IsoCode chip technology that allows for parallel detection and quantification of 32 secreted proteins from live single cells. Combining the amount of each protein secreted by polyfunctional T cells (co-secreting two or more proteins per cell) with the frequency of such cells results in a measurement of polyfunctional strength (PSI), a unique IsoCode-enabled metric that has been associated with improved response to ICR inhibition. TSR-042 increased the PSI of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs 1.4 and 1.5-fold over isotype control treatment. Importantly, triple combination treatment was able to significantly increase the PSI of both subsets by 2.9 and 3.7-fold, respectively (p < 0.001). For CD8+ TILs, this increase was mainly driven by an increase in the frequency of polyfunctional subsets, while for CD4+ TILs, the absolute amounts of secreted cytokines had a larger impact. Interestingly, both classical effector cytokines like Granzyme B and IFN-γ as well as other secreted factors like chemoattractant factors, implicated in the recruitment of multiple immune cell subsets to tumor tissue, contributed to T cell polyfunctionality. Taken together, triple ICR blockade targeting PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3 reinvigorated ovarian cancer TILs more effectively than PD-1 inhibition alone. This was mediated by increasing T cell polyfunctionality, which has been associated with improved anti-tumor activity and response to ICR inhibition. This data further supports the concept of triple combination checkpoint blockade as a treatment option for ovarian cancer.
Citation Format: Johanna K. Kaufmann, Brianna Flynn, Kevin Morse, Maria C. Speranza, Jing Zhou, Sridhar Ramaswamy, Sean Mackay, Kevin G. Coleman. Triple checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3 reinvigorates ovarian cancer-infiltrating T cells by increasing T cell polyfunctionality and effector function [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3242.
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Amzallag A, Ramaswamy S, Benes CH. Statistical assessment and visualization of synergies for large-scale sparse drug combination datasets. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:83. [PMID: 30777010 PMCID: PMC6378741 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug combinations have the potential to improve efficacy while limiting toxicity. To robustly identify synergistic combinations, high-throughput screens using full dose-response surface are desirable but require an impractical number of data points. Screening of a sparse number of doses per drug allows to screen large numbers of drug pairs, but complicates statistical assessment of synergy. Furthermore, since the number of pairwise combinations grows with the square of the number of drugs, exploration of large screens necessitates advanced visualization tools. RESULTS We describe a statistical and visualization framework for the analysis of large-scale drug combination screens. We developed an approach suitable for datasets with large number of drugs pairs even if small number of data points are available per drug pair. We demonstrate our approach using a systematic screen of all possible pairs among 108 cancer drugs applied to melanoma cell lines. In this dataset only two dose-response data points per drug pair and two data points per single drug test were available. We used a Bliss-based linear model, effectively borrowing data from the drug pairs to obtain robust estimations of the singlet viabilities, consequently yielding better estimates of drug synergy. Our method improves data consistency across dosing thus likely reducing the number of false positives. The approach allows to compute p values accounting for standard errors of the modeled singlets and combination viabilities. We further develop a synergy specificity score that distinguishes specific synergies from those arising with promiscuous drugs. Finally, we developed a summarized interactive visualization in a web application, providing efficient access to any of the 439,000 data points in the combination matrix ( http://www.cmtlab.org:3000/combo_app.html ). The code of the analysis and the web application is available at https://github.com/arnaudmgh/synergy-screen . CONCLUSIONS We show that statistical modeling of single drug response from drug combination data can help determine significance of synergy and antagonism in drug combination screens with few data point per drug pair. We provide a web application for the rapid exploration of large combinatorial drug screen. All codes are available to the community, as a resource for further analysis of published data and for analysis of other drug screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Amzallag
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35The Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.66859.34Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA USA ,Current Address: PatientsLikeMe, 160 Second Street, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35The Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.66859.34Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA USA ,Harvard-Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Boston, MA USA
| | - Cyril H. Benes
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35The Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Pangajavalli S, Ranjithkumar R, Srinivasan N, Ramaswamy S, Selvanayagam S. Crystal structures of 6a,6b,7,11a-tetra-hydro-6 H,9 H-spiro-[chromeno[3',4':3,4]pyrrolo-[1,2- c]thia-zole-11,3'-indoline]-2',6-dione and 5'-methyl-6a,6b,7,11a-tetra-hydro-6 H,9 H-spiro-[chromeno[3',4':3,4]pyrrolo-[1,2- c]thia-zole-11,3'-indoline]-2',6-dione. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:246-250. [PMID: 30800460 PMCID: PMC6362654 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The title compounds, (I) and (II), differ by the presence of a methyl group in position 5 on the 1H-indole-2-one ring of compound (II). There is also a significant difference in the conformation of the five-membered thiazolidine ring in the two compounds. The title compounds, C20H16N2O3S, (I), and C21H18N2O3S, (II), differ by the presence of a methyl group in position 5 on the 1H-indole-2-one ring of compound (II). The two compounds have a structural overlap r.m.s. deviation of 0.48 Å. There is a significant difference in the conformation of the thiazolidine ring: it has a twisted conformation on the fused N—C bond in (I), but an envelope conformation in compound (II) with the S atom as the flap. The planar pyrrolidine ring of the indole ring system is normal to the mean plane of the five-membered pyrrolidine ring of the pyrrolothiazole unit in both compounds, with dihedral angles of 88.71 (9) and 84.59 (8)°. The pyran rings in both structures have envelope conformations with the methylene C atom adjacent to the C=O group as the flap. In both compounds, there is a short intramolecular C—H⋯O contact present. In the crystal of (I), molecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming chains propagating along the b-axis direction. The chains are linked by N—H⋯π interactions, forming layers parallel to (10). In the crystal of (II), molecules are linked by pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers which are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pangajavalli
- Department of Physics, Sri S. Ramasamy Naidu Memorial College, Sattur 626 203, India
| | - R Ranjithkumar
- School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, India
| | - N Srinivasan
- Department of Physics, Thiagarajar College, Madurai 625 009, India
| | - S Ramaswamy
- Department of Physics, N. M. S. S. Vellaichamy Nadar College, Madurai 625 019, India
| | - S Selvanayagam
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Melur 625 106, India
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Gangi Setty T, Ramaswamy S. Structural and Functional Characterization of Periplasmic Sialic Acid Binding Proteins from Pathogenic Bacteria. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Defrenne Y, Zhdankin V, Ramanna S, Ramaswamy S, Ramarao B. The dual phase moisture conductivity of fibrous materials using random walk techniques in X-ray microcomputed tomographic structures. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ghosh S, Sharma G, Travers J, Kumar S, Choi J, Jun HT, Kehry M, Ramaswamy S, Jenkins D. TSR-033, a Novel Therapeutic Antibody Targeting LAG-3, Enhances T-Cell Function and the Activity of PD-1 Blockade In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:632-641. [PMID: 30587557 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Progressive upregulation of checkpoints on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, severely compromising tumor immunity. Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a coinhibitory receptor associated with impaired T-cell function and is frequently coexpressed with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in the context of human cancers. Targeting LAG-3 in conjunction with PD-1 thus represents a strategy to amplify and broaden the therapeutic impact of PD-1 blockade alone. We have generated a high affinity and selective humanized monoclonal IgG4 antibody, TSR-033, which binds human LAG-3 and serves as a functional antagonist, enhancing in vitro T-cell activation both in mixed lymphocyte reactions and staphylococcal enterotoxin B-driven stimulation assays. In a humanized mouse non-small cell lung carcinoma model, TSR-033 boosted the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 monotherapy, with a concomitant increase in immune activation. Analogous studies in a murine syngeneic tumor model using surrogate antibodies demonstrated significant synergy between LAG-3 and PD-1 blockade-combination treatment led to a marked improvement in therapeutic efficacy, increased T-cell proliferation, IFNγ production, and elicited durable immunologic memory upon tumor rechallenge. Taken together, the pharmacologic activity of TSR-033 demonstrates that it is a potent anti-LAG-3 therapeutic antibody and supports its clinical investigation in cancer patients.
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Abstract
The current development in modern biology partnered with technology, better understanding of genes, environment is beginning to allow predicting the state of the human body. Research in Modern science is in transitional state from reverse pharmacology to system approach. It's time for Ayurveda to undertake research deep in its own foundational theories and in its interface with modern science. The present environment, lifestyle and nutrition have drastically different from ancient times. There is a need to modernize Ayurveda and make it relevant and contextual in terms of personalized medicine where allopathic medicine is heading. Innovations based on advancements, new treatment regimen, therapeutic approaches are the current needs from Ayurveda to make an impact on global clinical practice. In India, the Ayurveda research needs commitment in leadership and good funding resources for its best run, and for true healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramaswamy
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.
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Sun K, Mikule K, Wang Z, Poon G, Vaidyanathan A, Smith G, Zhang ZY, Hanke J, Ramaswamy S, Wang J. A comparative pharmacokinetic study of PARP inhibitors demonstrates favorable properties for niraparib efficacy in preclinical tumor models. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37080-37096. [PMID: 30647846 PMCID: PMC6324689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Niraparib is an orally bioavailable and selective poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1/-2 inhibitor approved for maintenance treatment of both BRCA mutant (mut) and BRCA wildtype (wt) adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancers who have demonstrated a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. In patients without germline BRCA mutations (non-gBRCAmut), niraparib improved progression-free survival (PFS) by 5.4 months, whereas another PARP inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib supplied only 1.9 months of improvement in a similar patient population. Previous studies revealed higher cell membrane permeability and volume of distribution (VD) as unique features of niraparib in comparison to other PARPi including olaparib. Here, we explore the potential correlation of these pharmacokinetic properties to preclinical antitumor effects in BRCAwt tumors. Our results show that at steady state, tumor exposure to niraparib is 3.3 times greater than plasma exposure in tumor xenograft mouse models. In comparison, the tumor exposure to olaparib is less than observed in plasma. In addition, niraparib crosses the blood-brain barrier and shows good sustainability in the brain, whereas sustained brain exposure to olaparib is not observed in the same models. Consistent with its favorable tumor and brain distribution, niraparib achieves more potent tumor growth inhibition than olaparib in BRCAwt models and an intracranial tumor model at maximum tolerated doses (MTD). These findings demonstrate favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and potent antitumor effects of niraparib in BRCAwt tumors, consistent with its broader clinical effect in patients with both BRCAmut and BRCAwt tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aparajitha Vaidyanathan
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Gillian Smith
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
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Haq SF, Shanbhag AP, Karthikeyan S, Hassan I, Thanukrishnan K, Ashok A, Sukumaran S, Ramaswamy S, Bharatham N, Datta S, Samant S, Katagihallimath N. A strategy to identify a ketoreductase that preferentially synthesizes pharmaceutically relevant (S)-alcohols using whole-cell biotransformation. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:192. [PMID: 30509260 PMCID: PMC6276252 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemical industries are constantly in search of an expeditious and environmentally benign method for producing chiral synthons. Ketoreductases have been used as catalysts for enantioselective conversion of desired prochiral ketones to their corresponding alcohol. We chose reported promiscuous ketoreductases belonging to different protein families and expressed them in E. coli to evaluate their ability as whole-cell catalysts for obtaining chiral alcohol intermediates of pharmaceutical importance. Apart from establishing a method to produce high value (S)-specific alcohols that have not been evaluated before, we propose an in silico analysis procedure to predict product chirality. Results Six enzymes originating from Sulfolobus sulfotaricus, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Hansenula polymorpha, Corynebacterium sp. ST-10, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 and Bacillus sp. ECU0013 with reported efficient activity for dissimilar substrates are compared here to arrive at an optimal enzyme for the method. Whole–cell catalysis of ketone intermediates for drugs like Aprepitant, Sitagliptin and Dolastatin using E. coli over-expressing these enzymes yielded (S)-specific chiral alcohols. We explain this chiral specificity for the best-performing enzyme, i.e., Z. rouxii ketoreductase using in silico modelling and MD simulations. This rationale was applied to five additional ketones that are used in the synthesis of Crizotinib, MA-20565 (an antifungal agent), Sulopenem, Rivastigmine, Talampanel and Barnidipine and predicted the yield of (S) enantiomers. Experimental evaluation matched the in silico analysis wherein ~ 95% (S)-specific alcohol with a chemical yield of 23–79% was obtained through biotransformation. Further, the cofactor re-cycling was optimized by switching the carbon source from glucose to sorbitol that improved the chemical yield to 85–99%. Conclusions Here, we present a strategy to synthesize pharmaceutically relevant chiral alcohols by ketoreductases using a cofactor balanced whole-cell catalysis scheme that is useful for the industry. Based on the results obtained in these trials, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii ketoreductase was identified as a proficient enzyme to obtain (S)-specific alcohols from their respective ketones. The whole–cell catalyst when combined with nutrient modulation of using sorbitol as a carbon source helped obtain high enantiomeric and chemical yield. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-1036-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anirudh P Shanbhag
- Bugworks Research India, Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru, India.,Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Subbulakshmi Karthikeyan
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru, India.,Centre for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Imran Hassan
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru, India.,PerkinElmer, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kannan Thanukrishnan
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru, India.,Shasun Research Center, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - S Ramaswamy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India
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Nair S, Ramaswamy S, Nair A. CAN MOCA SCORES PREDICT AMYLOID PET SCAN POSITIVITY? SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY ANALYSES IN A MEMORY CLINIC SAMPLE. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kumar JP, Rao H, Nayak V, Ramaswamy S. Crystal structures and kinetics of N-acetylneuraminate lyase from Fusobacterium nucleatum. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:725-732. [PMID: 30387778 PMCID: PMC6213981 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18012992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acetyl-D-neuraminic acid lyase (NanA) catalyzes the breakdown of sialic acid (Neu5Ac) to N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) and pyruvate. NanA plays a key role in Neu5Ac catabolism in many pathogenic and bacterial commensals where sialic acid is available as a carbon and nitrogen source. Several pathogens or commensals decorate their surfaces with sialic acids as a strategy to escape host innate immunity. Catabolism of sialic acid is key to a range of host-pathogen interactions. In this study, atomic resolution structures of NanA from Fusobacterium nucleatum (FnNanA) in ligand-free and ligand-bound forms are reported at 2.32 and 1.76 Å resolution, respectively. F. nucleatum is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes gingival and periodontal diseases in human hosts. Like other bacterial N-acetylneuraminate lyases, FnNanA also shares the triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)-barrel fold. As observed in other homologous enzymes, FnNanA forms a tetramer. In order to characterize the structure-function relationship, the steady-state kinetic parameters of the enzyme are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Kumar
- Technologies for the Advancement of Science, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, NCBS, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 065, India
- School of Life Science, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bangalore, Karnataka 560 065, India
| | - Harshvardhan Rao
- Technologies for the Advancement of Science, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, NCBS, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 065, India
| | - Vinod Nayak
- Technologies for the Advancement of Science, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, NCBS, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 065, India
| | - S. Ramaswamy
- Technologies for the Advancement of Science, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, NCBS, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 065, India
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26
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North RA, Wahlgren WY, Remus DM, Scalise M, Kessans SA, Dunevall E, Claesson E, Soares da Costa TP, Perugini MA, Ramaswamy S, Allison JR, Indiveri C, Friemann R, Dobson RCJ. The Sodium Sialic Acid Symporter From Staphylococcus aureus Has Altered Substrate Specificity. Front Chem 2018; 6:233. [PMID: 30023356 PMCID: PMC6039549 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cell surfaces are decorated with complex glycoconjugates that terminate with negatively charged sialic acids. Commensal and pathogenic bacteria can use host-derived sialic acids for a competitive advantage, but require a functional sialic acid transporter to import the sugar into the cell. This work investigates the sodium sialic acid symporter (SiaT) from Staphylococcus aureus (SaSiaT). We demonstrate that SaSiaT rescues an Escherichia coli strain lacking its endogenous sialic acid transporter when grown on the sialic acids N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) or N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). We then develop an expression, purification and detergent solubilization system for SaSiaT and demonstrate that the protein is largely monodisperse in solution with a stable monomeric oligomeric state. Binding studies reveal that SaSiaT has a higher affinity for Neu5Gc over Neu5Ac, which was unexpected and is not seen in another SiaT homolog. We develop a homology model and use comparative sequence analyses to identify substitutions in the substrate-binding site of SaSiaT that may explain the altered specificity. SaSiaT is shown to be electrogenic, and transport is dependent upon more than one Na+ ion for every sialic acid molecule. A functional sialic acid transporter is essential for the uptake and utilization of sialic acid in a range of pathogenic bacteria, and developing new inhibitors that target these transporters is a valid mechanism for inhibiting bacterial growth. By demonstrating a route to functional recombinant SaSiaT, and developing the in vivo and in vitro assay systems, our work underpins the design of inhibitors to this transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A North
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Weixiao Y Wahlgren
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniela M Remus
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Sarah A Kessans
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Elin Dunevall
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elin Claesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tatiana P Soares da Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew A Perugini
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Ramaswamy
- The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Jane R Allison
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Rosmarie Friemann
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Hong X, Sullivan RJ, Kalinich M, Kwan T, Pan S, LiCausi JA, Milner JD, Nieman LT, Wittner BS, Ho U, Chen T, Kapur R, Lawrence D, Flaherty KT, Sequist LV, Ramaswamy S, Miyamoto DT, Lawrence M, Giobbie-Hurder A, Toner M, Isselbacher KJ, Maheswaran S, Haber DA. Abstract LB-144: Molecular signatures of circulating melanoma cells for monitoring early response to immune checkpoint therapy. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-lb-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A subset of patients with metastatic melanoma have sustained remissions following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, analyses of pretreatment tumor biopsies for markers predictive of response, including PD-L1 expression and mutational burden, are insufficiently precise to guide treatment selection and clinical radiographic evidence of response on therapy may be delayed, leading to some patients receiving potentially ineffective but toxic therapy. Here, we developed a molecular signature of melanoma Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) to quantify early tumor response using blood-based monitoring. A quantitative 19-gene digital RNA signature (CTC-Score) applied to microfluidically-enriched CTCs robustly distinguishes melanoma cells, within a background of blood cells in reconstituted and in patient-derived (N=42) blood specimens. In a prospective cohort of 49 patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, a decrease in CTC-Score within 7 weeks of therapy correlates with marked improvement in progression-free survival (Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.17, P=0.008) and overall survival (HR: 0.12, P=0.04). Thus, digital quantitation of melanoma CTC-derived transcripts enables serial noninvasive monitoring of tumor burden, supporting the rational application of immune checkpoint inhibition therapies.
Citation Format: Xin Hong, Ryan J. Sullivan, Mark Kalinich, Tanya Kwan, Shiwei Pan, Joseph A. LiCausi, John D. Milner, Linda T. Nieman, Ben S. Wittner, Uyen Ho, Tianqi Chen, Ravi Kapur, Don Lawrence, Keith T. Flaherty, Lecia V. Sequist, Sridhar Ramaswamy, David T. Miyamoto, Michael Lawrence, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, Mehmet Toner, Kurt J. Isselbacher, Shyamala Maheswaran, Daniel A. Haber. Molecular signatures of circulating melanoma cells for monitoring early response to immune checkpoint therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-144.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hong
- MGH cancer center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Mark Kalinich
- MGH cancer center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tanya Kwan
- MGH cancer center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shiwei Pan
- MGH cancer center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Uyen Ho
- MGH cancer center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tianqi Chen
- MGH cancer center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ravi Kapur
- MGH cancer center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Don Lawrence
- MGH cancer center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mehmet Toner
- MGH cancer center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Wang S, Sun K, Xiao Y, Feng B, Mikule K, Ramaswamy S, Hanke J, Wang J. Abstract 1724: Evaluation of niraparib in combination with anti-PD1/anti-PD-L1 in preclinical models. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Niraparib is an orally available and selective poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1/-2 inhibitor approved for maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. PARP inhibition may enhance the immune response in tumors treated with anti-PD-1 therapy via generation of cytosolic DNA that activates T cells through the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway, rendering tumors immunologically “hot” with an increase in infiltrating lymphocytes.
In this study, we explored the responses and mechanism of action of niraparib and anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 combination therapy in preclinical models. Out of a cohort of 14 immune-competent mouse tumor models, the combination treatment demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor activity in eight tumor models derived from BRCA-proficient and BRCA-deficient genetic backgrounds. Substantial increases compared to monotherapies in anti-tumor activity was observed in 5 models, indicative of synergy between niraparib and anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy. The combination triggered durable responses that were coincident with induction of immune memories in a BRCA-deficient ovarian syngeneic model. Mechanistically, niraparib treatment increased the number of infiltrating CD8+ and CD4+ cells within the intratumoral region. The enhanced immune cell infiltration was accompanied by elevated interferon-stimulated gene expression. Pathway analyses using transcriptome profiling identified interferon response gene signatures as the significantly differentially-upregulated gene sets following niraparib treatment. Consistently, niraparib treatment activated the STING pathway in vitro in BRCA-deficient MDA-MB-436 human triple negative breast cancer cells. STING pathway markers including p-STING(Ser366), p-TBK1(Ser172) and p-NFκB p65 were elevated following niraparib treatment and was accompanied by an increase in IFNB mRNA expression. In summary, our data suggested that niraparib treatment in combination with anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy enhanced immune cell infiltration, interferon-stimulated gene expression and tumor responses.
Citation Format: Sarah Wang, Kaiming Sun, Yonghong Xiao, Bin Feng, Keith Mikule, Sridhar Ramaswamy, Jeffrey Hanke, Jing Wang. Evaluation of niraparib in combination with anti-PD1/anti-PD-L1 in preclinical models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1724.
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Ghosh S, Travers J, McEachern K, Kumar S, Ramaswamy S, Jenkins D. Abstract 2722: Investigation of the expression profile and functional role of PD-1, TIM-3 and LAG-3 in human tumors. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
While immunotherapies directed against PD-1 and PD-L1 have proven effective across multiple indications, there is still a large unmet medical need for therapies for patients who do not respond or who develop acquired resistance during the course of treatment. There are several emerging hypotheses to explain the lack of response, one of which is the upregulated expression of additional checkpoint receptors, such as TIM-3 and LAG-3, that limit the ability of PD-1 pathway blockade to re-establish effective anti-tumor immunity.
To investigate the potential role of TIM-3 and LAG-3 relative to PD-1, we set out to evaluate the expression and function of these receptors in several systems. Firstly, we used a flow cytometry approach to enumerate immune cell populations in a panel of human tumor samples, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In these samples, PD-1, TIM-3 and LAG-3 expression was observed in both T-cell and non-T-cell populations. PD-1 was found to be co-expressed with TIM-3 and LAG-3 in CD8+ T-cells and we also found expression of TIM-3 and LAG-3 in other cell types, including regulatory T-cells and myeloid cells.
Building on the expression data, we explored the functional effects of targeting these receptors, evaluating the effect of single agent and combination effects of anti-PD-1, anti-TIM-3 and anti-LAG-3 antibodies in mouse models. In these studies, we found not only that dual-blockade of PD-1 with either anti-TIM-3 or anti-LAG-3 resulted in improvements in efficacy over monotherapy, but also that the triple combination of all 3 inhibitors was associated with further anti-tumor activity. In a humanized mouse model of NSCLC, the triple combination was associated with pharmacodynamic effects not only in T-cells, but also reductions in Tregs and macrophages.
Taken together, these studies provide further evidence to suggest that in addition to PD-1, LAG-3 and TIM-3 are important emerging immunotherapy targets and provide rationale for not only doublet but also triplet combinations as an approach to cancer therapy.
Citation Format: Srimoyee Ghosh, Jon Travers, Kristen McEachern, Sujatha Kumar, Sridhar Ramaswamy, David Jenkins. Investigation of the expression profile and functional role of PD-1, TIM-3 and LAG-3 in human tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2722.
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Mishra A, Sriram H, Chandarana P, Tanavde V, Kumar RV, Gopinath A, Govindarajan R, Ramaswamy S, Sadasivam S. Decreased expression of cell adhesion genes in cancer stem-like cells isolated from primary oral squamous cell carcinomas. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318780859. [PMID: 29888653 DOI: 10.1177/1010428318780859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to isolate cancer stem-like cells marked by high expression of CD44, a putative cancer stem cell marker, from primary oral squamous cell carcinomas and identify distinctive gene expression patterns in these cells. From 1 October 2013 to 4 September 2015, 76 stage III-IV primary oral squamous cell carcinoma of the gingivobuccal sulcus were resected. In all, 13 tumours were analysed by immunohistochemistry to visualise CD44-expressing cells. Expression of CD44 within The Cancer Genome Atlas-Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma RNA-sequencing data was also assessed. Seventy resected tumours were dissociated into single cells and stained with antibodies to CD44 as well as CD45 and CD31 (together referred as Lineage/Lin). From 45 of these, CD44+Lin- and CD44-Lin- subpopulations were successfully isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and good-quality RNA was obtained from 14 such sorted pairs. Libraries from five pairs were sequenced and the results analysed using bioinformatics tools. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to experimentally validate the differential expression of selected candidate genes identified from the transcriptome sequencing in the same 5 and an additional 9 tumours. CD44 was expressed on the surface of poorly differentiated tumour cells, and within the The Cancer Genome Atlas-Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma samples, its messenger RNA levels were higher in tumours compared to normal. Transcriptomics revealed that 102 genes were upregulated and 85 genes were downregulated in CD44+Lin- compared to CD44-Lin- cells in at least 3 of the 5 tumours sequenced. The upregulated genes included those involved in immune regulation, while the downregulated genes were enriched for genes involved in cell adhesion. Decreased expression of PCDH18, MGP, SPARCL1 and KRTDAP was confirmed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Lower expression of the cell-cell adhesion molecule PCDH18 correlated with poorer overall survival in the The Cancer Genome Atlas-Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma data highlighting it as a potential negative prognostic factor in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Mishra
- 1 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Centre for Biological Sciences, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
- 2 Hannover Biomedical Research School, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Harshini Sriram
- 1 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Centre for Biological Sciences, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Vivek Tanavde
- 3 iBioAnalysis Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, India
- 4 Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
- 5 Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Rekha V Kumar
- 6 Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, India
| | | | | | - S Ramaswamy
- 1 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Centre for Biological Sciences, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
| | - Subhashini Sadasivam
- 1 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Centre for Biological Sciences, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
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31
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Bairy S, Gopalan LN, Setty TG, Srinivasachari S, Manjunath L, Kumar JP, Guntupalli SR, Bose S, Nayak V, Ghosh S, Sathyanarayanan N, Caing‐Carlsson R, Wahlgren WY, Friemann R, Ramaswamy S, Neerathilingam M. Automation aided optimization of cloning, expression and purification of enzymes of the bacterial sialic acid catabolic and sialylation pathways enzymes for structural studies. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:420-428. [PMID: 29345069 PMCID: PMC5812244 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of obtaining a well-expressing, soluble and correctly folded constructs can be made easier and quicker by automating the optimization of cloning, expression and purification. While there are many semiautomated pipelines available for cloning, expression and purification, there is hardly any pipeline that involves complete automation. Here, we achieve complete automation of all the steps involved in cloning and in vivo expression screening. This is demonstrated using 18 genes involved in sialic acid catabolism and the surface sialylation pathway. Our main objective was to clone these genes into a His-tagged Gateway vector, followed by their small-scale expression optimization in vivo. The constructs that showed best soluble expression were then selected for purification studies and scaled up for crystallization studies. Our technique allowed us to quickly find conditions for producing significant quantities of soluble proteins in Escherichia coli, their large-scale purification and successful crystallization of a number of these proteins. The method can be implemented in other cases where one needs to screen a large number of constructs, clones and expression vectors for successful recombinant production of functional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Bairy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular PlatformsNCBS‐TIFRGKVK CampusBellary RoadBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia
| | - Lakshmi Narayanan Gopalan
- Department of Lipid ScienceCSIR‐Central Food Technology and Research InstituteMysuru570020KarnatakaIndia
| | - Thanuja Gangi Setty
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineGKVK CampusBellary RoadBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia
- The Institute of TransDisciplinary Health Sciences & Technology (TDU)BengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Sathya Srinivasachari
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineGKVK CampusBellary RoadBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia
| | - Lavanyaa Manjunath
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineGKVK CampusBellary RoadBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia
- Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia‐576104
| | - Jay Prakash Kumar
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineGKVK CampusBellary RoadBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia
- The Institute of TransDisciplinary Health Sciences & Technology (TDU)BengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Sai R Guntupalli
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineGKVK CampusBellary RoadBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia
- Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia‐576104
| | - Sucharita Bose
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineGKVK CampusBellary RoadBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia
| | - Vinod Nayak
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineGKVK CampusBellary RoadBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia
| | - Swagatha Ghosh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineGKVK CampusBellary RoadBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia
| | - Nitish Sathyanarayanan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineGKVK CampusBellary RoadBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia
- The Institute of TransDisciplinary Health Sciences & Technology (TDU)BengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Rhawnie Caing‐Carlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgBox 462GothenburgS‐40530Sweden
| | - Weixiao Yuan Wahlgren
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgBox 462GothenburgS‐40530Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at University of GothenburgBox 440S‐40530GothenburgSweden
| | - Rosmarie Friemann
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgBox 462GothenburgS‐40530Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at University of GothenburgBox 440S‐40530GothenburgSweden
| | - S. Ramaswamy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineGKVK CampusBellary RoadBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia
| | - Muniasamy Neerathilingam
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular PlatformsNCBS‐TIFRGKVK CampusBellary RoadBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia
- Department of Lipid ScienceCSIR‐Central Food Technology and Research InstituteMysuru570020KarnatakaIndia
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Aceto N, Bardia A, Wittner BS, Donaldson MC, O'Keefe R, Engstrom A, Bersani F, Zheng Y, Comaills V, Niederhoffer K, Zhu H, Mackenzie O, Shioda T, Sgroi D, Kapur R, Ting DT, Moy B, Ramaswamy S, Toner M, Haber DA, Maheswaran S. AR Expression in Breast Cancer CTCs Associates with Bone Metastases. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:720-727. [PMID: 29453314 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular drivers underlying bone metastases in human cancer are not well understood, in part due to constraints in bone tissue sampling. Here, RNA sequencing was performed of circulating tumor cells (CTC) isolated from blood samples of women with metastatic estrogen receptor (ER)+ breast cancer, comparing cases with progression in bone versus visceral organs. Among the activated cellular pathways in CTCs from bone-predominant breast cancer is androgen receptor (AR) signaling. AR gene expression is evident, as is its constitutively active splice variant AR-v7. AR expression within CTCs is correlated with the duration of treatment with aromatase inhibitors, suggesting that it contributes to acquired resistance to endocrine therapy. In an established breast cancer xenograft model, a bone-tropic derivative displays increased AR expression, whose genetic or pharmacologic suppression reduces metastases to bone but not to lungs. Together, these observations identify AR signaling in CTCs from women with bone-predominant ER+ breast cancer, and provide a rationale for testing androgen inhibitors in this subset of patients.Implications: This study highlights a role for the AR in breast cancer bone metastasis, and suggests that therapeutic targeting of the AR may benefit patients with metastatic breast cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 16(4); 720-7. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Aceto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ben S Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria C Donaldson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan O'Keefe
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda Engstrom
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francesca Bersani
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu Zheng
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Valentine Comaills
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kira Niederhoffer
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huili Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olivia Mackenzie
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis Sgroi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ravi Kapur
- Center for Bioengineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David T Ting
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beverly Moy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Bioengineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Wang S, Sun K, Xiao Y, Mikule K, Ramaswamy S, Hanke J, Wang JY. Abstract B013: Elevation of immune cell infiltration and interferon-stimulated gene expression is associated with niraparib treatment in murine syngeneic tumor models. Mol Cancer Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-17-b013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Niraparib is an orally available and selective poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1/-2 inhibitor approved for maintenance treatment of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer in complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Here, we evaluated the effects of niraparib treatment on tumor-immune microenvironment and assessed the efficacy of niraparib in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy in mouse-derived syngeneic transplant models. Experimental Procedures: Mouse Apcmin/+ syngeneic skin squamous carcinoma model was established by subcutaneously transplanting tumor spontaneously developed from C57BL/6J-Apcmin mouse model into immunocompetent mice with similar genetic background. Niraparib was administered orally at 50mg/kg or 25mg/kg daily as single-agent or in combination with intraperitoneally administered anti-PD-1 antibody (RMP1-14) at 5mg/kg twice weekly after tumors reach 100-200mm3. The tumor growth was monitored twice per week post randomization. At the end of the study, tumors were collected for immunophenotyping and transcriptome profiling. Summary: Anti-PD-1 monotherapy demonstrated minimal effect in Apcmin/+ syngeneic tumors, which were sensitive to niraparib daily treatment at 50mg/kg. Upon niraparib treatment, numbers of infiltrating CD8+ and CD4+ cells were significantly elevated within intratumoral regions. Interferon response gene signatures were identified by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) as top differentially expressed gene sets upon niraparib treatment. Several immune-related transcripts were also found to be upregulated, including STING, PDL1, CXCL9, and CXCL10. The activation of STING pathway was further evaluated in BRCA-deficient MDA-MB-436 human triple-negative breast cancer cells, where levels of p-STING(Ser366) and p-TBK1(Ser172) were elevated following niraparib treatments. Consistent with the niraparib-induced changes in tumor microenvironments, combining niraparib treatment at suboptimal dose (25mg/kg) with anti-PD-1 antibody resulted in enhanced antitumor activity as compared to niraparib or anti-PD-1 antibody alone in Apcmin/+ syngeneic tumors. Conclusions: Niraparib treatment increased CD4+ and CD8+ immune cell infiltration and upregulated the expression of interferon-stimulated genes in Apcmin/+ syngeneic tumors. Elevated levels of STING transcription and phosphorylation were associated with niraparib treatment in niraparib-sensitive models. Niraparib and anti-PD-1 combination was well tolerated and demonstrated enhanced antitumor activities as compared to niraparib or anti-PD1 monotherapy.
Citation Format: Sarah Wang, Kaiming Sun, Yonghong Xiao, Keith Mikule, Sridhar Ramaswamy, Jeffrey Hanke, Jing Yu Wang. Elevation of immune cell infiltration and interferon-stimulated gene expression is associated with niraparib treatment in murine syngeneic tumor models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B013.
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Guarner A, Morris R, Korenjak M, Boukhali M, Zappia MP, Van Rechem C, Whetstine JR, Ramaswamy S, Zou L, Frolov MV, Haas W, Dyson NJ. E2F/DP Prevents Cell-Cycle Progression in Endocycling Fat Body Cells by Suppressing dATM Expression. Dev Cell 2017; 43:689-703.e5. [PMID: 29233476 PMCID: PMC5901703 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To understand the consequences of the complete elimination of E2F regulation, we profiled the proteome of Drosophila dDP mutants that lack functional E2F/DP complexes. The results uncovered changes in the larval fat body, a differentiated tissue that grows via endocycles. We report an unexpected mechanism of E2F/DP action that promotes quiescence in this tissue. In the fat body, dE2F/dDP limits cell-cycle progression by suppressing DNA damage responses. Loss of dDP upregulates dATM, allowing cells to sense and repair DNA damage and increasing replication of loci that are normally under-replicated in wild-type tissues. Genetic experiments show that ectopic dATM is sufficient to promote DNA synthesis in wild-type fat body cells. Strikingly, reducing dATM levels in dDP-deficient fat bodies restores cell-cycle control, improves tissue morphology, and extends animal development. These results show that, in some cellular contexts, dE2F/dDP-dependent suppression of DNA damage signaling is key for cell-cycle control and needed for normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Guarner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Robert Morris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Michael Korenjak
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Myriam Boukhali
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Maria Paula Zappia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Capucine Van Rechem
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Johnathan R Whetstine
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Maxim V Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nicholas J Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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North RA, Horne CR, Davies JS, Remus DM, Muscroft-Taylor AC, Goyal P, Wahlgren WY, Ramaswamy S, Friemann R, Dobson RCJ. "Just a spoonful of sugar...": import of sialic acid across bacterial cell membranes. Biophys Rev 2017; 10:219-227. [PMID: 29222808 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cell surfaces are decorated with a complex array of glycoconjugates that are usually capped with sialic acids, a large family of over 50 structurally distinct nine-carbon amino sugars, the most common member of which is N-acetylneuraminic acid. Once made available through the action of neuraminidases, bacterial pathogens and commensals utilise host-derived sialic acid by degrading it for energy or repurposing the sialic acid onto their own cell surface to camouflage the bacterium from the immune system. A functional sialic acid transporter has been shown to be essential for the uptake of sialic acid in a range of human bacterial pathogens and important for host colonisation and persistence. Here, we review the state-of-play in the field with respect to the molecular mechanisms by which these bio-nanomachines transport sialic acids across bacterial cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A North
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, P.O. Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, P.O. Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - James S Davies
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, P.O. Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Daniela M Remus
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, P.O. Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Muscroft-Taylor
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, P.O. Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Parveen Goyal
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Weixiao Yuan Wahlgren
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Ramaswamy
- The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), G.K.V.K. Post Office, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Rosmarie Friemann
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, P.O. Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand. .,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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Lavanyaa M, Guntupalli SR, Joshi K, Nayak V, Ramaswamy S. Structural and functional characterization of sugar epimerases in pathogenic bacteria. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317093081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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37
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Banerjee S, Coussens NP, Gallat FX, Sathyanarayanan N, Yagi KJ, Gray JSS, Tobe SS, Stay B, Chavas LMG, Ramaswamy S. Structure of in vivo protein crystals from viviparous Diploptera punctata. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317093962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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38
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Ramaswamy S, Syed S, Ferraro DJ, Brown EN. How do oxygenases catalyze a variety of reactions? Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317094785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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39
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Ramaswamy S, Rajadurai JS, Moshi AAM. Comparative Analysis on Classical Laminated Plate Theory and Higher Order Lamination Plate Theory for Cross-Ply FRP Composite Structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1166/jctn.2017.6968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Alves CP, Dey-Guha I, Kabraji S, Yeh AC, Talele NP, Solé X, Chowdhury J, Mino-Kenudson M, Loda M, Sgroi D, Borresen-Dale AL, Russnes HG, Ross KN, Ramaswamy S. AKT1 low Quiescent Cancer Cells Promote Solid Tumor Growth. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 17:254-263. [PMID: 29054988 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human tumor growth depends on rapidly dividing cancer cells driving population expansion. Even advanced tumors, however, contain slowly proliferating cancer cells for reasons that remain unclear. Here, we selectively disrupt the ability of rapidly proliferating cancer cells to spawn AKT1low daughter cells that are rare, slowly proliferating, tumor-initiating, and chemotherapy-resistant, using β1-integrin activation and the AKT1-E17K-mutant oncoprotein as experimental tools in vivo Surprisingly, we find that selective depletion of AKT1low slow proliferators actually reduces the growth of a molecularly diverse panel of human cancer cell xenograft models without globally altering cell proliferation or survival in vivo Moreover, we find that unusual cancer patients with AKT1-E17K-mutant solid tumors also fail to produce AKT1low quiescent cancer cells and that this correlates with significantly prolonged survival after adjuvant treatment compared with other patients. These findings support a model whereby human solid tumor growth depends on not only rapidly proliferating cancer cells but also on the continuous production of AKT1low slow proliferators. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(1); 254-63. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleidson P Alves
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ipsita Dey-Guha
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sheheryar Kabraji
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert C Yeh
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nilesh P Talele
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xavier Solé
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joeeta Chowdhury
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis Sgroi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege G Russnes
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kenneth N Ross
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ferraro DJ, Okerlund A, Brown E, Ramaswamy S. One enzyme, many reactions: structural basis for the various reactions catalyzed by naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase. IUCrJ 2017; 4:648-656. [PMID: 28989720 PMCID: PMC5619856 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252517008223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rieske nonheme iron oxygenases (ROs) are a well studied class of enzymes. Naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase (NDO) is used as a model to study ROs. Previous work has shown how side-on binding of oxygen to the mononuclear iron provides this enzyme with the ability to catalyze stereospecific and regiospecific cis-dihydroxylation reactions. It has been well documented that ROs catalyze a variety of other reactions, including mono-oxygenation, desaturation, O- and N-dealkylation, sulfoxidation etc. NDO itself catalyzes a variety of these reactions. Structures of NDO in complex with a number of different substrates show that the orientation of the substrate in the active site controls not only the regiospecificity and stereospecificity, but also the type of reaction catalyzed. It is proposed that the mononuclear iron-activated dioxygen attacks the atoms of the substrate that are most proximal to it. The promiscuity of delivering two products (apparently by two different reactions) from the same substrate can be explained by the possible binding of the substrate in slightly different orientations aided by the observed flexibility of residues in the binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Ferraro
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Adam Okerlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Eric Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - S. Ramaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- TAS, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK POST, Bangalore 560 065, India
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Kabraji S, Solé X, Huang Y, Bango C, Bowden M, Bardia A, Sgroi D, Loda M, Ramaswamy S. AKT1 low quiescent cancer cells persist after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:88. [PMID: 28764807 PMCID: PMC5540189 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Absence of pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) correlates with poor long-term survival in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). These incomplete treatment responses are likely determined by mechanisms that enable cancer cells to resist being killed. However, the detailed characterization of a drug-resistant cancer cell state in residual TNBC tissue after NACT has remained elusive. AKT1low quiescent cancer cells (QCCs) are a quiescent, epigenetically plastic, and chemotherapy-resistant subpopulation initially identified in experimental cancer models. Here, we asked whether QCCs exist in primary tumors from patients with TNBC and persist after treatment with NACT. METHODS We obtained pre-treatment biopsy, post-treatment mastectomy, and metastatic specimens from a retrospective cohort of TNBC patients treated with NACT at Massachusetts General Hospital (n = 25). Using quantitative automated immunofluorescence microscopy, QCCs were identified as AKTlow/H3K9me2low/HES1high cancer cells using prespecified immunofluorescence intensity thresholds. QCCs were represented in 2D and 3D digital tumor maps and QCC percentage (QCC-P) and QCC cluster index (QCC-CI) were determined for each sample. RESULTS We showed that QCCs exist as non-random and heterogeneously distributed clusters within primary breast tumors. In addition, these QCC clusters persist after treatment with multi-agent, multi-cycle, neoadjuvant chemotherapy in both residual primary tumors and nodal and distant metastases in patients with triple negative breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS These first-in-human data potentially qualify AKT1low quiescent cancer cells as a non-genetic cell state that persists after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer patients and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheheryar Kabraji
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Richard B. Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xavier Solé
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Richard B. Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Present address: Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ying Huang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clyde Bango
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Richard B. Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Sgroi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Richard B. Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Richard B. Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard-Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
![]()
During catalysis
by liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), a water
bound to the catalytic zinc is replaced by the oxygen of the substrates.
The mechanism might involve a pentacoordinated zinc or a double-displacement
reaction with participation by a nearby glutamate residue, as suggested
by studies of human ADH3, yeast ADH1, and some other tetrameric ADHs.
Zinc coordination and participation of water in the enzyme mechanism
were investigated by X-ray crystallography. The apoenzyme and its
complex with adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose have an open protein
conformation with the catalytic zinc in one position, tetracoordinated
by Cys-46, His-67, Cys-174, and a water molecule. The bidentate chelators
2,2′-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline displace the water
and form a pentacoordinated zinc. The enzyme–NADH complex has
a closed conformation similar to that of ternary complexes with coenzyme
and substrate analogues; the coordination of the catalytic zinc is
similar to that found in the apoenzyme, except that a minor, alternative
position for the catalytic zinc is ∼1.3 Å from the major
position and closer to Glu-68, which could form the alternative coordination
to the catalytic zinc. Complexes with NADH and N-1-methylhexylformamide
or N-benzylformamide (or with NAD+ and
fluoro alcohols) have the classical tetracoordinated zinc, and no
water is bound to the zinc or the nicotinamide rings. The major forms
of the enzyme in the mechanism have a tetracoordinated zinc, where
the carboxylate group of Glu-68 could participate in the exchange
of water and substrates on the zinc. Hydride transfer in the Michaelis
complexes does not involve a nearby water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce V Plapp
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Baskar Raj Savarimuthu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Daniel J Ferraro
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jon K Rubach
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Eric N Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - S Ramaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Kabraji S, Sole X, Huang Y, Bango C, Bowden M, Bardia A, Sgroi D, Loda M, Ramaswamy S. Abstract 3173: AKT1low quiescent cancer cells persist after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer patients. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The mechanisms that allow triple negative breast cancer tumors to survive neoadjuvant chemotherapy are incompletely understood. Evidence suggests that proliferative heterogeneity may contribute to primary chemotherapy resistance in patients with triple negative breast cancer. AKT1low quiescent cancer cells (QCCs) are a quiescent, epigenetically plastic, and chemotherapy resistant subpopulation initially identified in experimental cancer models. Here, we identify QCCs in primary and metastatic human breast tumors using automated, quantitative, immunofluorescence microscopy coupled with computational and statistical analysis. We show that QCCs exist as non-random and heterogeneously distributed clusters within primary tumors. In addition, these QCC clusters persist after treatment with multi-agent, multi-cycle, neoadjuvant chemotherapy in both residual primary tumors as well as nodal and distant metastases in patients with triple negative breast cancer. Together, these data qualify QCCs as a non-genetic mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in triple negative breast cancer patients that warrants further study.
Citation Format: Sheheryar Kabraji, Xavier Sole, Ying Huang, Clyde Bango, Michaela Bowden, Aditya Bardia, Dennis Sgroi, Massimo Loda, Sridhar Ramaswamy. AKT1low quiescent cancer cells persist after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3173. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3173
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Sole
- 2Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Ying Huang
- 3Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Aditya Bardia
- 2Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
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Comaills V, Kabeche L, Morris R, Yu M, Madden MW, LiCausi JA, Aceto N, Zheng Y, Miyamoto DT, Ramaswamy S, Zou L, Haber DA, Maheswaran S. Abstract 1410: Proliferation during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induces genomic instability. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a morphogenetic process required for proper embryonic development, is adopted by cancer cells during tumor progression. We show that induction of EMT by TGFß or other EMT-inducers such as Snail leads to genomic instability, associated with failed cytokinesis and chromosome missegregation resulting in aneuploidy and polyploidy. These defects are dependent on persistent proliferation of cells undergoing EMT and are absent in normal cells that growth arrest during EMT. While EMT and the associated mitotic abnormalities are reversible upon removal of the EMT-inducer, the resulting chromosomal abnormalities are inherited. TGFß-induced genomic instability is associated with the acquisition of tumorigenic phenotypes and the resulting tumors are enriched for a genomically-altered tumor cell population, which exhibits differential drug sensitivity. In breast and prostate cancer cells circulating in the blood, TGFß and EMT gene signatures are significantly correlated with aneuploid gene signatures. Analysis of single circulating tumor cells (CTC) from women with metastatic breast cancer reveals increased in genomic instability in mesenchymal CTCs. Together, these findings identify a novel mechanism whereby tumor microenvironment-derived signals impact heritable genetic changes within cancer cells.
Citation Format: Valentine Comaills, Lilian Kabeche, Robert Morris, Min Yu, Marissa Wells Madden, Joseph A. LiCausi, Nicola Aceto, Yu Zheng, David T. Miyamoto, Sridhar Ramaswamy, Lee Zou, Daniel A. Haber, Shyamala Maheswaran. Proliferation during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induces genomic instability [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1410. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1410
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilian Kabeche
- Massachusetts General Hosp. Cancer Ctr., Charlestown, MA
| | - Robert Morris
- Massachusetts General Hosp. Cancer Ctr., Charlestown, MA
| | - Min Yu
- Massachusetts General Hosp. Cancer Ctr., Charlestown, MA
| | | | | | - Nicola Aceto
- Massachusetts General Hosp. Cancer Ctr., Charlestown, MA
| | - Yu Zheng
- Massachusetts General Hosp. Cancer Ctr., Charlestown, MA
| | | | | | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hosp. Cancer Ctr., Charlestown, MA
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Caing-Carlsson R, Goyal P, Sharma A, Ghosh S, Setty TG, North RA, Friemann R, Ramaswamy S. Crystal structure of N-acetylmannosamine kinase from Fusobacterium nucleatum. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:356-362. [PMID: 28580924 PMCID: PMC5458393 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17007439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids comprise a varied group of nine-carbon amino sugars that are widely distributed among mammals and higher metazoans. Some human commensals and bacterial pathogens can scavenge sialic acids from their environment and degrade them for use as a carbon and nitrogen source. The enzyme N-acetylmannosamine kinase (NanK; EC 2.7.1.60) belongs to the transcriptional repressors, uncharacterized open reading frames and sugar kinases (ROK) superfamily. NanK catalyzes the second step of the sialic acid catabolic pathway, transferring a phosphate group from adenosine 5'-triphosphate to the C6 position of N-acetylmannosamine to generate N-acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate. The structure of NanK from Fusobacterium nucleatum was determined to 2.23 Å resolution by X-ray crystallography. Unlike other NanK enzymes and ROK family members, F. nucleatum NanK does not have a conserved zinc-binding site. In spite of the absence of the zinc-binding site, all of the major structural features of enzymatic activity are conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhawnie Caing-Carlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Parveen Goyal
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Atomic Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Swagatha Ghosh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Post, Bangalore 560 065, India
| | - Thanuja Gangi Setty
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Post, Bangalore 560 065, India
- School of Life Sciences, TransDisciplinary University, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Rachel A. North
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Rosmarie Friemann
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA 94305-5126, USA
| | - S. Ramaswamy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Post, Bangalore 560 065, India
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Gallenne T, Ross KN, Visser NL, Salony, Desmet CJ, Wittner BS, Wessels LFA, Ramaswamy S, Peeper DS. Systematic functional perturbations uncover a prognostic genetic network driving human breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20572-20587. [PMID: 28411283 PMCID: PMC5400527 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognostic classifiers conceivably comprise biomarker genes that functionally contribute to the oncogenic and metastatic properties of cancer, but this has not been investigated systematically. The transcription factor Fra-1 not only has an essential role in breast cancer, but also drives the expression of a highly prognostic gene set. Here, we systematically perturbed the function of 31 individual Fra-1-dependent poor-prognosis genes and examined their impact on breast cancer growth in vivo. We find that stable shRNA depletion of each of nine individual signature genes strongly inhibits breast cancer growth and aggressiveness. Several factors within this nine-gene set regulate each others expression, suggesting that together they form a network. The nine-gene set is regulated by estrogen, ERBB2 and EGF signaling, all established breast cancer factors. We also uncover three transcription factors, MYC, E2F1 and TP53, which act alongside Fra-1 at the core of this network. ChIP-Seq analysis reveals that a substantial number of genes are bound, and regulated, by all four transcription factors. The nine-gene set retains significant prognostic power and includes several potential therapeutic targets, including the bifunctional enzyme PAICS, which catalyzes purine biosynthesis. Depletion of PAICS largely cancelled breast cancer expansion, exemplifying a prognostic gene with breast cancer activity. Our data uncover a core genetic and prognostic network driving human breast cancer. We propose that pharmacological inhibition of components within this network, such as PAICS, may be used in conjunction with the Fra-1 prognostic classifier towards personalized management of poor prognosis breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Gallenne
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Merus B.V., Padualaan, CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth N Ross
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nils L Visser
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Salony
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christophe J Desmet
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben S Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Faculty of EEMCS Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel S Peeper
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) have become an important part of everyday life and are increasingly used nowadays in a variety of dietary and medicinal products. They provide fewer calories and far more intense sweetness than sugar-containing products and are used by a plethora of population subsets for varying objectives. Six of these agents (aspartame, saccharine, sucralose, neotame, acesulfame-K, and stevia) have previously received a generally recognized as safe status from the United States Food and Drug Administration, and two more (Swingle fruit extract and advantame) have been added in the recent years to this ever growing list. They are claimed to promote weight loss and deemed safe for consumption by diabetics; however, there is inconclusive evidence to support most of their uses and some recent studies even hint that these earlier established benefits regarding NNS use might not be true. There is a lack of properly designed randomized controlled studies to assess their efficacy in different populations, whereas observational studies often remain confounded due to reverse causality and often yield opposite findings. Pregnant and lactating women, children, diabetics, migraine, and epilepsy patients represent the susceptible population to the adverse effects of NNS-containing products and should use these products with utmost caution. The overall use of NNS remains controversial, and consumers should be amply informed about the potential risks of using them, based on current evidence-based dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - S Amarnath
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - M Thulasimani
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - S Ramaswamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
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49
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Kabraji SK, Sole X, Huang Y, Bango C, Bowden M, Bardia A, Sgroi D, Loda M, Ramaswamy S. Persistence of AKT1 low quiescent cancer cells after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.11579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11579 Background: The mechanisms that allow triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors to survive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) are incompletely understood. Evidence suggests that proliferative heterogeneity may contribute to primary chemotherapy resistance in patients with localized triple negative breast cancer. However, the detailed characterization of a drug-resistant cancer cell state in residual TNBC tissue after NACT has remained elusive. AKT1lowquiescent cancer cells (QCCs) are a quiescent, epigenetically plastic, and chemotherapy resistant subpopulation initially identified in experimental cancer models. Here, we asked whether AKT1low QCCs actually exist in primary tumors from patients with TNBC and persist after treatment with NACT. Methods: We identified QCCs in primary and metastatic human breast tumors using automated, quantitative, immunofluorescence microscopy coupled with computational and statistical analysis. We obtained pre-treatment biopsy, post-treatment mastectomy, and metastatic specimens from a retrospective cohort of TNBC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy at Massachusetts General Hospital (n = 25). Using automated quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy, QCCs were identified as AKTlow / H3K9me2low / HES1high cancer cells using prespecified immunofluorescence intensity thresholds. QCCs were represented as 2D and 3D digital tumor maps and QCC percentage (QCC-P) and QCC cluster index (QCC-CI) were determined for each sample. Results: We found that QCCs exist as non-random and heterogeneously distributed clusters within primary tumors. In addition, these QCC clusters are enriched after treatment with multi-agent, multi-cycle, neoadjuvant chemotherapy in both residual primary tumors as well as nodal and distant metastases in patients with triple negative breast cancer. Conclusions: Together, these data qualify QCCs as a non-genetic mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in triple negative breast cancer patients that warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Sole
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ying Huang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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50
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Kumari A, Singh D, Ramaswamy S, Ramanathan G. Structural and functional studies of ferredoxin and oxygenase components of 3-nitrotoluene dioxygenase from Diaphorobacter sp. strain DS2. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176398. [PMID: 28448625 PMCID: PMC5407579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
3-nitrotoluene dioxygenase (3NTDO) from Diaphorobacter sp. strain DS2 catalyses the conversion of 3-nitrotoluene (3NT) into a mixture of 3- and 4-methylcatechols with release of nitrite. We report here, X-ray crystal structures of oxygenase and ferredoxin components of 3NTDO at 2.9 Å and 2.4 Å, respectively. The residues responsible for nitrite release in 3NTDO were further probed by four single and two double mutations in the catalytic site of α-subunit of the dioxygenase. Modification of Val 350 to Phe, Ile 204 to Ala, and Asn258 to Val by site directed mutagenesis resulted in inactive enzymes revealing the importance of these residues in catalysis. Docking studies of meta nitrotoluene to the active site of 3NTDO suggested possible orientations of binding that favor the formation of 3-methylcatechol (3MC) over 4-methylcatechol energetically. The electron transfer pathway from ferredoxin subunit to the active site of the oxygenase subunit is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Ramaswamy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Biological Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gurunath Ramanathan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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