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Schühle K, Nies J, Heider J. An indoleacetate-CoA ligase and a phenylsuccinyl-CoA transferase involved in anaerobic metabolism of auxin. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:3120-32. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karola Schühle
- Laboratory for Microbiology; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Jonas Nies
- Laboratory for Microbiology; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Johann Heider
- Laboratory for Microbiology; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8 35043 Marburg Germany
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302
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Indole acetic acid and ACC deaminase from endophytic bacteria improves the growth of Solanum lycopersicum. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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303
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Jiang X, Zghidi-Abouzid O, Oger-Desfeux C, Hommais F, Greliche N, Muskhelishvili G, Nasser W, Reverchon S. Global transcriptional response of Dickeya dadantii to environmental stimuli relevant to the plant infection. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:3651-3672. [PMID: 26940633 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dickeya species are soft rot disease-causing bacterial plant pathogens and an emerging agricultural threat in Europe. Environmental modulation of gene expression is critical for Dickeya dadantii pathogenesis. While the bacterium uses various environmental cues to distinguish between its habitats, an intricate transcriptional control system coordinating the expression of virulence genes ensures efficient infection. Understanding of this behaviour requires a detailed knowledge of expression patterns under a wide range of environmental conditions, which is currently lacking. To obtain a comprehensive picture of this adaptive response, we devised a strategy to examine the D. dadantii transcriptome in a series of 32 infection-relevant conditions encountered in the hosts. We propose a temporal map of the bacterial response to various stress conditions and show that D. dadantii elicits complex genetic behaviour combining common stress-response genes with distinct sets of genes specifically induced under each particular stress. Comparison of our dataset with an in planta expression profile reveals the combined impact of stress factors and enables us to predict the major stress confronting D. dadantii at a particular stage of infection. We provide a comprehensive catalog of D. dadantii genomic responses to environmentally relevant stimuli, thus facilitating future studies of this important plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Jiang
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ouafa Zghidi-Abouzid
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christine Oger-Desfeux
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Pôle Rhône-Alpes de Bioinformatique, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florence Hommais
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Greliche
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Georgi Muskhelishvili
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - William Nasser
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvie Reverchon
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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304
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Mestre MC, Fontenla S, Bruzone MC, Fernández NV, Dames J. Detection of plant growth enhancing features in psychrotolerant yeasts from Patagonia (Argentina). J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:1098-1106. [PMID: 27106520 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the biotechnological potential for plant production of twelve psychrotolerant yeasts strains from Northwest-Patagonia. These strains were isolated from different substrates associated with Nothofagus sp. in native forests and Vaccinium sp. in a commercial plantation. Yeasts characterization was performed using in vitro assays to evaluate the production of auxin-like compounds and siderophores, ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate and to reduce common plant pathogen growth. Strain YF8.3 identified as Aureobasidium pullullans was the main producer of auxin-like and siderophores compounds. Phosphate solubilization was a characteristic observed by strains L8.12 and CRUB1775 identified as Holtermaniella takashimae and Candida maritima, respectively. Different yeast strains were able to inhibit the growth of Verticillium dahliae PPRI5569 and Pythium aphanidermatum PPRI 9009, but they all failed to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum PPRI5457. The present study, suggests that yeasts present in different environments in Northwestern-Patagonian have physiological in vitro features which may influence plant growth. These results are promising for the developing of biological products based on Patagonian yeasts for plant production in cold-temperate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Fontenla
- INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | | | | | - Joanna Dames
- Mycorrhizal Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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305
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Palacios OA, Gomez-Anduro G, Bashan Y, de-Bashan LE. Tryptophan, thiamine and indole-3-acetic acid exchange betweenChlorella sorokinianaand the plant growth-promoting bacteriumAzospirillum brasilense. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw077. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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306
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Zutz C, Bacher M, Parich A, Kluger B, Gacek-Matthews A, Schuhmacher R, Wagner M, Rychli K, Strauss J. Valproic Acid Induces Antimicrobial Compound Production in Doratomyces microspores. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:510. [PMID: 27148199 PMCID: PMC4829596 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in public health is the rising number of antibiotic resistant pathogens and the lack of novel antibiotics. In recent years there is a rising focus on fungi as sources of antimicrobial compounds due to their ability to produce a large variety of bioactive compounds and the observation that virtually every fungus may still contain yet unknown so called “cryptic,” often silenced, compounds. These putative metabolites could include novel bioactive compounds. Considerable effort is spent on methods to induce production of these “cryptic” metabolites. One approach is the use of small molecule effectors, potentially influencing chromatin landscape in fungi. We observed that the supernatant of the fungus Doratomyces (D.) microsporus treated with valproic acid (VPA) displayed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and two methicillin resistant clinical S. aureus isolates. VPA treatment resulted in enhanced production of seven antimicrobial compounds: cyclo-(L-proline-L-methionine) (cPM), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, cyclo-(phenylalanine-proline) (cFP), indole-3-carboxylic acid, phenylacetic acid (PAA) and indole-3-acetic acid. The production of the antimicrobial compound phenyllactic acid was exclusively detectable after VPA treatment. Furthermore three compounds, cPM, cFP, and PAA, were able to boost the antimicrobial activity of other antimicrobial compounds. cPM, for the first time isolated from fungi, and to a lesser extent PAA, are even able to decrease the minimal inhibitory concentration of ampicillin in MRSA strains. In conclusion we could show in this study that VPA treatment is a potent tool for induction of “cryptic” antimicrobial compound production in fungi, and that the induced compounds are not exclusively linked to the secondary metabolism. Furthermore this is the first discovery of the rare diketopiperazine cPM in fungi. Additionally we could demonstrate that cPM and PAA boost antibiotic activity against antibiotic resistant strains, suggesting a possible application in combinatorial antibiotic treatment against resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Zutz
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVienna, Austria; Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites, Bioresources and Technologies Campus in TullnTulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Markus Bacher
- Division of Chemistry of Renewables, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Alexandra Parich
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kluger
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites, Bioresources and Technologies Campus in TullnTulln an der Donau, Austria; Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, ViennaTulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Gacek-Matthews
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Rychli
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Joseph Strauss
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites, Bioresources and Technologies Campus in TullnTulln an der Donau, Austria; Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, ViennaTulln an der Donau, Austria; Health and Environment Department, Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, University and Research Campus TullnTulln an der Donau, Austria
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307
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Venturi V, Keel C. Signaling in the Rhizosphere. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:187-198. [PMID: 26832945 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Signaling studies in the rhizosphere have focused on close interactions between plants and symbiotic microorganisms. However, this focus is likely to expand to other microorganisms because the rhizomicrobiome is important for plant health and is able to influence the structure of the microbial community. We discuss here the shaping of the rhizomicrobiome and define which aspects can be considered signaling. We divide signaling in the rhizosphere into three categories: (i) between microbes, (ii) from plants to microorganisms, and (iii) from microorganisms to plants. Signals act on diverse organisms including the plant. Mycorrhizal and rhizobial interkingdom signaling has revealed its pivotal role in establishing associations, and the recent discovery of signaling with non-symbiotic microorganisms indicates the important role of communication in shaping the rhizomicrobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Venturi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Christoph Keel
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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308
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Nutaratat P, Srisuk N, Arunrattiyakorn P, Limtong S. Indole-3-acetic acid biosynthetic pathways in the basidiomycetous yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenum. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:429-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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309
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Poupin MJ, Greve M, Carmona V, Pinedo I. A Complex Molecular Interplay of Auxin and Ethylene Signaling Pathways Is Involved in Arabidopsis Growth Promotion by Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:492. [PMID: 27148317 PMCID: PMC4828629 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of phytohormones homeostasis is one of the proposed mechanisms to explain plant growth promotion induced by beneficial rhizobacteria (PGPR). However, there is still limited knowledge about the molecular signals and pathways underlying these beneficial interactions. Even less is known concerning the interplay between phytohormones in plants inoculated with PGPR. Auxin and ethylene are crucial hormones in the control of plant growth and development, and recent studies report an important and complex crosstalk between them in the regulation of different plant developmental processes. The objective of this work was to study the role of both hormones in the growth promotion of Arabidopsis thaliana plants induced by the well-known PGPR Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN. For this, the spatiotemporal expression patterns of several genes related to auxin biosynthesis, perception and response and ethylene biosynthesis were studied, finding that most of these genes showed specific transcriptional regulations after inoculation in roots and shoots. PsJN-growth promotion was not observed in Arabidopsis mutants with an impaired ethylene (ein2-1) or auxin (axr1-5) signaling. Even, PsJN did not promote growth in an ethylene overproducer (eto2), indicating that a fine regulation of both hormones signaling and homeostasis is necessary to induce growth of the aerial and root tissues. Auxin polar transport is also involved in growth promotion, since PsJN did not promote primary root growth in the pin2 mutant or under chemical inhibition of transport in wild type plants. Finally, a key role for ethylene biosynthesis was found in the PsJN-mediated increase in root hair number. These results not only give new insights of PGPR regulation of plant growth but also are also useful to understand key aspects of Arabidopsis growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Poupin
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo IbáñezSantiago, Chile
- Center for Applied Ecology and SustainabilitySantiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic BiologySantiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: María J. Poupin,
| | - Macarena Greve
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo IbáñezSantiago, Chile
- Center for Applied Ecology and SustainabilitySantiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic BiologySantiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Carmona
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo IbáñezSantiago, Chile
- Center for Applied Ecology and SustainabilitySantiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic BiologySantiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Pinedo
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo IbáñezSantiago, Chile
- Center for Applied Ecology and SustainabilitySantiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic BiologySantiago, Chile
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310
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Álvarez-López V, Prieto-Fernández A, Janssen J, Herzig R, Vangronsveld J, Kidd PS. Inoculation methods using Rhodococcus erythropolis strain P30 affects bacterial assisted phytoextraction capacity of Nicotiana tabacum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:406-15. [PMID: 26552496 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1109600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study different bacterial inoculation methods were tested for tobacco plants growing in a mine-soil contaminated with Pb, Zn, and Cd. The inoculation methods evaluated were: seed inoculation, soil inoculation, dual soil inoculation event, and seed+soil inoculation. Each inoculum was added at two bacterial densities (10(6) CFUs mL(-1) and 10(8) CFUs mL(-1)). The objectives were to evaluate whether or not the mode of inoculation or the number of applied microorganisms influences plant response. The most pronounced bacterial-induced effect was found for biomass production, and the soil inoculation treatment (using 10(6) CFUs mL(-1)) led to the highest increase in shoot dry weight yield (up to 45%). Bacterial-induced effects on shoot metal concentrations were less pronounced; although a positive effect was found on shoot Pb concentration when using 10(8) CFUs mL(-1) in the soil inoculation (29% increase) and in the seed+soil inoculation (34% increase). Also shoot Zn concentration increased by 24% after seed inoculation with 10(6) CFUs mL(-1). The best effects on the total metal yield were not correlated with an increasing number of inoculated bacteria. In fact the best results were found after a single soil inoculation using the lower cellular density of 10(6) CFUs mL(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Álvarez-López
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, CSIC , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - A Prieto-Fernández
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, CSIC , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - J Janssen
- b Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - R Herzig
- c Phytotech Foundation and AGB , Bern , Switzerland
| | - J Vangronsveld
- b Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - P S Kidd
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, CSIC , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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311
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Mesa J, Rodríguez-Llorente ID, Pajuelo E, Piedras JMB, Caviedes MA, Redondo-Gómez S, Mateos-Naranjo E. Moving closer towards restoration of contaminated estuaries: Bioaugmentation with autochthonous rhizobacteria improves metal rhizoaccumulation in native Spartina maritima. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 300:263-271. [PMID: 26188869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Spartina maritima is an ecosystem engineer that has shown to be useful for phytoremediation purposes. A glasshouse experiment using soil from a metal-contaminated estuary was designed to investigate the effect of a native bacterial consortium, isolated from S. maritima rizhosphere and selected owing to their plant growth promoting properties and multiresistance to heavy metals, on plant growth and metal accumulation. Plants of S. maritima were randomly assigned to three soil bioaugmentation treatments (without inoculation, one inoculation and repeated inoculations) for 30 days. Growth parameters and photosynthetic traits, together with total concentrations of several metals were determined in roots and/or leaves. Bacterial inoculation improved root growth, through a beneficial effect on photosynthetic rate (AN) due to its positive impact on functionality of PSII and chlorophyll concentration. Also, favoured intrinsic water use efficiency of S. maritima, through the increment in AN, stomatal conductance and in root-to-shoot ratio. Moreover, this consortium was able to stimulate plant metal uptake specifically in roots, with increases of up to 19% for As, 65% for Cu, 40% for Pb and 29% for Zn. Thus, bioaugmentation of S. maritima with the selected bacterial consortium can be claimed to enhance plant adaptation and metal rhizoaccumulation during marsh restoration programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mesa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ignacio David Rodríguez-Llorente
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eloisa Pajuelo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José María Barcia Piedras
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Caviedes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.
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312
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Augimeri RV, Varley AJ, Strap JL. Establishing a Role for Bacterial Cellulose in Environmental Interactions: Lessons Learned from Diverse Biofilm-Producing Proteobacteria. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1282. [PMID: 26635751 PMCID: PMC4646962 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) serves as a molecular glue to facilitate intra- and inter-domain interactions in nature. Biosynthesis of BC-containing biofilms occurs in a variety of Proteobacteria that inhabit diverse ecological niches. The enzymatic and regulatory systems responsible for the polymerization, exportation, and regulation of BC are equally as diverse. Though the magnitude and environmental consequences of BC production are species-specific, the common role of BC-containing biofilms is to establish close contact with a preferred host to facilitate efficient host-bacteria interactions. Universally, BC aids in attachment, adherence, and subsequent colonization of a substrate. Bi-directional interactions influence host physiology, bacterial physiology, and regulation of BC biosynthesis, primarily through modulation of intracellular bis-(3'→5')-cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) levels. Depending on the circumstance, BC producers exhibit a pathogenic or symbiotic relationship with plant, animal, or fungal hosts. Rhizobiaceae species colonize plant roots, Pseudomonadaceae inhabit the phyllosphere, Acetobacteriaceae associate with sugar-loving insects and inhabit the carposphere, Enterobacteriaceae use fresh produce as vehicles to infect animal hosts, and Vibrionaceae, particularly Aliivibrio fischeri, colonize the light organ of squid. This review will highlight the diversity of the biosynthesis and regulation of BC in nature by discussing various examples of Proteobacteria that use BC-containing biofilms to facilitate host-bacteria interactions. Through discussion of current data we will establish new directions for the elucidation of BC biosynthesis, its regulation and its ecophysiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janice L. Strap
- Molecular Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of TechnologyOshawa, ON, Canada
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313
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Firrincieli A, Otillar R, Salamov A, Schmutz J, Khan Z, Redman RS, Fleck ND, Lindquist E, Grigoriev IV, Doty SL. Genome sequence of the plant growth promoting endophytic yeast Rhodotorula graminis WP1. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:978. [PMID: 26441909 PMCID: PMC4585186 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Firrincieli
- Department for Innovation Biological, Agro-Food and Forest System, University of Tuscia Tuscia, Italy
| | - Robert Otillar
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Asaf Salamov
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Walnut Creek, CA, USA ; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Zareen Khan
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Neil D Fleck
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erika Lindquist
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Sharon L Doty
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
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314
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Shao J, Li S, Zhang N, Cui X, Zhou X, Zhang G, Shen Q, Zhang R. Analysis and cloning of the synthetic pathway of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid in the plant-beneficial Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:130. [PMID: 26337367 PMCID: PMC4558970 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9, isolated from the cucumber rhizosphere, protects the host plant from pathogen invasion and promotes plant growth through efficient root colonization. The phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) has been suggested to contribute to the plant-growth-promoting effect of Bacillus strains. The possible IAA synthetic pathways in B. amyloliquefaciens SQR9 were investigated in this study, using a combination of chemical and genetic analysis. Results Gene candidates involved in tryptophan-dependent IAA synthesis were identified through tryptophan response transcriptional analysis, and inactivation of genes ysnE, dhaS, yclC, and yhcX in SQR9 led to 86, 77, 55, and 24 % reductions of the IAA production, respectively. The genes patB (encoding a conserved hypothetical protein predicted to be an aminotransferase), yclC (encoding a UbiD family decarboxylase), and dhaS (encoding indole 3-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase), which were proposed to constitute the indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA) pathway for IAA biosynthesis, were separately expressed in SQR9 or co-expressed as an entire IAA synthesis pathway cluster in SQR9 and B. subtilis 168, all these recombinants showed increased IAA production. These results suggested that gene products of dhaS, patB, yclB, yclC, yhcX and ysnE were involved in IAA biosynthesis. Genes patB, yclC and dhaS constitute a potential complete IPyA pathway of IAA biosynthesis in SQR9. Conclusions In conclusion, biosynthesis of IAA in B. amyloliquefaciens SQR9 occurs through multiple pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0323-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoshuang Cui
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guishan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruifu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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315
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Nutaratat P, Amsri W, Srisuk N, Arunrattiyakorn P, Limtong S. Indole-3-acetic acid production by newly isolated red yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenum. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2015; 61:1-9. [PMID: 25833674 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.61.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) is the principal hormone which regulates various developmental and physiological processes in plants. IAA production is considered as a key trait for supporting plant growth. Hence, in this study, production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by a basidiomycetous red yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenum DMKU-RP301 (AB920314) was investigated and improved by the optimization of the culture medium and culture conditions using one factor at a time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM). The study considered the effects of incubation time, carbon and nitrogen sources, growth factor, tryptophan, temperature, shaking speed, NaCl and pH, on the production of IAA. The results showed that all the factors studied, except NaCl, affected IAA production by R. paludigenum DMKU-RP301. Maximum IAA production of 1,623.9 mg/l was obtained as a result of the studies using RSM. The optimal medium and growth conditions observed in this study resulted in an increase of IAA production by a factor of up to 5.0 compared to the unoptimized condition, i.e. when yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) broth supplemented with 0.1% l-tryptophan was used as the production medium. The production of IAA was then scaled up in a 2-l stirred tank fermenter, and the maximum IAA of 1,627.1 mg/l was obtained. This experiment indicated that the obtained optimal medium and condition (pH and temperature) from shaking flask production can be used for the production of IAA in a larger size production. In addition, the present research is the first to report on the optimization of IAA production by the yeast Rhodosporidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pumin Nutaratat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University
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316
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Characterization of a nitrilase and a nitrile hydratase from Pseudomonas sp. strain UW4 that converts indole-3-acetonitrile to indole-3-acetic acid. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 80:4640-9. [PMID: 24837382 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00649-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a fundamental phytohormone with the ability to control many aspects of plant growth and development. Pseudomonas sp. strain UW4 is a rhizospheric plant growth-promoting bacterium that produces and secretes IAA. While several putative IAA biosynthetic genes have been reported in this bacterium, the pathways leading to the production of IAA in strain UW4 are unclear. Here, the presence of the indole-3-acetamide (IAM) and indole-3-acetaldoxime/indole-3-acetonitrile (IAOx/IAN) pathways of IAA biosynthesis is described, and the specific role of two of the enzymes (nitrilase and nitrile hydratase) that mediate these pathways is assessed. The genes encoding these two enzymes were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the enzymes were isolated and characterized. Substrate-feeding assays indicate that the nitrilase produces both IAM and IAA from the IAN substrate, while the nitrile hydratase only produces IAM. The two nitrile-hydrolyzing enzymes have very different temperature and pH optimums. Nitrilase prefers a temperature of 50°C and a pH of 6, while nitrile hydratase prefers 4°C and a pH of 7.5. Based on multiple sequence alignments and motif analyses, physicochemical properties and enzyme assays, it is concluded that the UW4 nitrilase has an aromatic substrate specificity. The nitrile hydratase is identified as an iron-type metalloenzyme that does not require the help of a P47K activator protein to be active. These data are interpreted in terms of a preliminary model for the biosynthesis of IAA in this bacterium.
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317
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Vijendra KM, Ashok K. Biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2015.7456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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318
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Isolation and characterization of endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria from date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and their potential role in salinity tolerance. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 107:1519-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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319
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Simultaneous detection and quantification of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) produced by rhizobacteria from l-tryptophan (Trp) using HPTLC. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 110:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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320
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Fu SF, Wei JY, Chen HW, Liu YY, Lu HY, Chou JY. Indole-3-acetic acid: A widespread physiological code in interactions of fungi with other organisms. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1048052. [PMID: 26179718 PMCID: PMC4623019 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1048052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants as well as microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). IAA is the most common plant hormone of the auxin class and it regulates various aspects of plant growth and development. Thus, research is underway globally to exploit the potential for developing IAA-producing fungi for promoting plant growth and protection for sustainable agriculture. Phylogenetic evidence suggests that IAA biosynthesis evolved independently in bacteria, microalgae, fungi, and plants. Present studies show that IAA regulates the physiological response and gene expression in these microorganisms. The convergent evolution of IAA production leads to the hypothesis that natural selection might have favored IAA as a widespread physiological code in these microorganisms and their interactions. We summarize recent studies of IAA biosynthetic pathways and discuss the role of IAA in fungal ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Feng Fu
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jyuan-Yu Wei
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Wei Chen
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Yu Liu
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsueh-Yu Lu
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jui-Yu Chou
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Taiwan, R.O.C
- Correspondence to: Jui-Yu Chou;
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321
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Evaluation of Some Bacillus spp. Strains for the Biocontrol of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum in Wheat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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322
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Yue J, Hu X, Huang J. Origin of plant auxin biosynthesis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:764-70. [PMID: 25129418 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent finding of the tryptophan aminotransferase (TAA)/flavin monooxygenase (YUC) pathway as the principal route of auxin production in plants provides an opportunity to revisit the origin of plant auxin biosynthesis. Phylogenetic analyses of the TAA and YUC gene families provide very little evidence for the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in algae. Instead, horizontal gene transfer of YUCs from bacteria to the ancestral land plant suggests that the TAA/YUC pathway is a land plant innovation. In this Opinion article we postulate that the origin of tryptophan-dependent IAA biosynthesis in land plants might have evolved in response to interactions with microbes, particularly bacteria, allowing plants to counteract bacterial activities and control their own auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipei Yue
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Xiangyang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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323
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Shahid M, Hameed S, Tariq M, Zafar M, Ali A, Ahmad N. Characterization of mineral phosphate-solubilizing bacteria for enhanced sunflower growth and yield-attributing traits. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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324
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Studies of plant colonisation by closely related Bacillus amyloliquefaciens biocontrol agents using strain specific quantitative PCR assays. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 106:1247-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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325
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Agarwal A, Nigam VK. Nitrilase mediated conversion of Indole-3-acetonitrile to Indole-3-acetic acid. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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326
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Trujillo ME, Bacigalupe R, Pujic P, Igarashi Y, Benito P, Riesco R, Médigue C, Normand P. Genome features of the endophytic actinobacterium Micromonospora lupini strain Lupac 08: on the process of adaptation to an endophytic life style? PLoS One 2014; 9:e108522. [PMID: 25268993 PMCID: PMC4182475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic microorganisms live inside plants for at least part of their life cycle. According to their life strategies, bacterial endophytes can be classified as “obligate” or “facultative”. Reports that members of the genus Micromonospora, Gram-positive Actinobacteria, are normal occupants of nitrogen-fixing nodules has opened up a question as to what is the ecological role of these bacteria in interactions with nitrogen-fixing plants and whether it is in a process of adaptation from a terrestrial to a facultative endophytic life. The aim of this work was to analyse the genome sequence of Micromonospora lupini Lupac 08 isolated from a nitrogen fixing nodule of the legume Lupinus angustifolius and to identify genomic traits that provide information on this new plant-microbe interaction. The genome of M. lupini contains a diverse array of genes that may help its survival in soil or in plant tissues, while the high number of putative plant degrading enzyme genes identified is quite surprising since this bacterium is not considered a plant-pathogen. Functionality of several of these genes was demonstrated in vitro, showing that Lupac 08 degraded carboxymethylcellulose, starch and xylan. In addition, the production of chitinases detected in vitro, indicates that strain Lupac 08 may also confer protection to the plant. Micromonospora species appears as new candidates in plant-microbe interactions with an important potential in agriculture and biotechnology. The current data strongly suggests that a beneficial effect is produced on the host-plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E. Trujillo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Rodrigo Bacigalupe
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Petar Pujic
- Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Patricia Benito
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raúl Riesco
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Claudine Médigue
- Genoscope, CNRS-UMR 8030, Atelier de Génomique Comparative, Evry, France
| | - Philippe Normand
- Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
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327
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Gupta A, Gopal M, Thomas GV, Manikandan V, Gajewski J, Thomas G, Seshagiri S, Schuster SC, Rajesh P, Gupta R. Whole genome sequencing and analysis of plant growth promoting bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of plantation crops coconut, cocoa and arecanut. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104259. [PMID: 25162593 PMCID: PMC4146471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coconut, cocoa and arecanut are commercial plantation crops that play a vital role in the Indian economy while sustaining the livelihood of more than 10 million Indians. According to 2012 Food and Agricultural organization's report, India is the third largest producer of coconut and it dominates the production of arecanut worldwide. In this study, three Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) from coconut (CPCRI-1), cocoa (CPCRI-2) and arecanut (CPCRI-3) characterized for the PGP activities have been sequenced. The draft genome sizes were 4.7 Mb (56% GC), 5.9 Mb (63.6% GC) and 5.1 Mb (54.8% GB) for CPCRI-1, CPCRI-2, CPCRI-3, respectively. These genomes encoded 4056 (CPCRI-1), 4637 (CPCRI-2) and 4286 (CPCRI-3) protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both CPCRI-1 and CPCRI-3 belonged to Enterobacteriaceae family, while, CPCRI-2 was a Pseudomonadaceae family member. Functional annotation of the genes predicted that all three bacteria encoded genes needed for mineral phosphate solubilization, siderophores, acetoin, butanediol, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, chitinase, phenazine, 4-hydroxybenzoate, trehalose and quorum sensing molecules supportive of the plant growth promoting traits observed in the course of their isolation and characterization. Additionally, in all the three CPCRI PGPRs, we identified genes involved in synthesis of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which recently has been proposed to aid plant growth. The PGPRs also carried genes for central carbohydrate metabolism indicating that the bacteria can efficiently utilize the root exudates and other organic materials as energy source. Genes for production of peroxidases, catalases and superoxide dismutases that confer resistance to oxidative stresses in plants were identified. Besides these, genes for heat shock tolerance, cold shock tolerance and glycine-betaine production that enable bacteria to survive abiotic stress were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Gupta
- Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Murali Gopal
- Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - George V. Thomas
- Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Vinu Manikandan
- SciGenom Labs Pvt. Ltd., Plot 43A, SDF 3rd Floor CSEZ, Kakkanad, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - John Gajewski
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Somasekar Seshagiri
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stephan C. Schuster
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Preeti Rajesh
- SciGenom Labs Pvt. Ltd., Plot 43A, SDF 3rd Floor CSEZ, Kakkanad, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- SciGenom Labs Pvt. Ltd., Plot 43A, SDF 3rd Floor CSEZ, Kakkanad, Cochin, Kerala, India
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328
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Khan AL, Waqas M, Kang SM, Al-Harrasi A, Hussain J, Al-Rawahi A, Al-Khiziri S, Ullah I, Ali L, Jung HY, Lee IJ. Bacterial endophyte Sphingomonas sp. LK11 produces gibberellins and IAA and promotes tomato plant growth. J Microbiol 2014; 52:689-95. [PMID: 24994010 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-4002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria have been identified as potential growth regulators of crops. Endophytic bacterium, Sphingomonas sp. LK11, was isolated from the leaves of Tephrosia apollinea. The pure culture of Sphingomonas sp. LK11 was subjected to advance chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques to extract and isolate gibberellins (GAs). Deuterated standards of [17, 17-(2)H2]-GA4, [17, 17-(2)H2]-GA9 and [17, 17-(2)H2]-GA20 were used to quantify the bacterial GAs. The analysis of the culture broth of Sphingomonas sp. LK11 revealed the existence of physiologically active gibberellins (GA4: 2.97 ± 0.11 ng/ml) and inactive GA9 (0.98 ± 0.15 ng/ml) and GA20 (2.41 ± 0.23). The endophyte also produced indole acetic acid (11.23 ± 0.93 μM/ml). Tomato plants inoculated with endophytic Sphingomonas sp. LK11 showed significantly increased growth attributes (shoot length, chlorophyll contents, shoot, and root dry weights) compared to the control. This indicated that such phyto-hormones-producing strains could help in increasing crop growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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329
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Kumar A, Kumar A, Pratush A. Molecular diversity and functional variability of environmental isolates of Bacillus species. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:312. [PMID: 25279279 PMCID: PMC4169128 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, out of 264 phosphate (P) solubilizing Bacillus strains isolated from apple rhizosphere, only twelve isolates were found to be efficient (showed most of the plant growth promoting activity) which were further characterized at molecular level using 16S rDNA partial gene sequencing. Out of 12 isolates, MZPSB 207 was found to be most efficient P-solubilizing (864.71 μg/ml) isolate which also showed indole acetic acid production (51.83 μg/ml), siderophore production, ammonia production, antagonistic property (against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum), hydrolytic enzymes productions (protease, chitinase and cellulase), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase production (7.7 μm αKB mg(-1) h(-1)). The in-vitro seed germination assay showed that Bacillus (twelve isolates) inoculated seeds showed more seed germination and seedling vigor rate as compared to uninoculated control treatment. For the genetic diversity studies of efficient 12 strains, the polyphasic approach using 16S-rDNA, Repetitive element sequence (rep) based PCR (ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR) were used. Based on 16S rDNA partial gene sequencing the isolated Bacillus genus was divide into four groups. First group (five isolates), second group (two isolates), third group (three isolates) and fourth group (two isolates) which showed close genetic relatedness to the B. subtilis, B. pumulis, B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens, respectively. The rep PCR fingerprinting showed variability between and within the species. The large variability was showed by ERIC-PCR whereas some variability was showed by BOX-PCR. The results clearly showed that 16S rRNA gene sequencing is unable to discriminate the isolates at strain level. But rep-PCR fingerprinting is excellent tool to characterize and discriminate the strains at the genomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- />Department of Microbiology, Shoolini Institute of Life Sciences and Business Management, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173212 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- />School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173212 India
| | - Amit Pratush
- />Department of Biotechnology, Shoolini Institute of Life Sciences and Business Management, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173212 India
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