301
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Heintz KA, Bregenzer ME, Mantle JL, Lee KH, West JL, Slater JH. Fabrication of 3D Biomimetic Microfluidic Networks in Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2153-60. [PMID: 27239785 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A laser-based hydrogel degradation technique is developed that allows for local control over hydrogel porosity, fabrication of 3D vascular-derived, biomimetic, hydrogel-embedded microfluidic networks, and generation of two intertwining, yet independent, microfluidic networks in a single construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely A. Heintz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware 150 Academy Street161 Colburn Lab Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Michael E. Bregenzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware 150 Academy Street161 Colburn Lab Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Jennifer L. Mantle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware 150 Academy Street, Colburn Lab Newark DE 19716 USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute 15 Innovation Way Newark DE 19711 USA
| | - Kelvin H. Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware 150 Academy Street, Colburn Lab Newark DE 19716 USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute 15 Innovation Way Newark DE 19711 USA
| | - Jennifer L. West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, 1427 Fitzpatrick Center Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - John H. Slater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware 150 Academy Street161 Colburn Lab Newark DE 19716 USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute 15 Innovation Way Newark DE 19711 USA
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302
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Han Q, Bing W, Di Y, Hua L, Shi-he L, Yu-hua Z, Xiu-guo H, Yu-gang W, Qi-ming F, Shih-mo Y, Ting-ting T. Kinsenoside screening with a microfluidic chip attenuates gouty arthritis through inactivating NF-κB signaling in macrophages and protecting endothelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2350. [PMID: 27584788 PMCID: PMC5059859 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gouty arthritis is a rheumatic disease that is characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) in synovial joints cause by the increased serum hyperuricemia. This study used a three-dimensional (3D) flowing microfluidic chip to screen the effective candidate against MSU-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) damage, and found kinsenoside (Kin) to be the leading active component of Anoectochilus roxburghi, one of the Chinese medicinal plant widely used in the treatment of gouty arthritis clinically. Cell viability and apoptosis of HUVECs were evaluated, indicating that direct Kin stimulation and conditioned medium (CM) from Kin-treated macrophages both negatively modulated with MSU crystals. Additionally, Kin was capable of attenuating MSU-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase (NF-κB/MAPK) signaling, targeting IκB kinase-α (IKKα) and IKKβ kinases of macrophages and influencing the expressions of NF-κB downstream cytokines and subsequent HUVEC bioactivity. Inflammasome NLR pyrin domain-containing 3 (NALP3) and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) were also inhibited after Kin treatment. Also, Kin downregulated CD14-mediated MSU crystals uptake in macrophages. In vivo study with MSU-injected ankle joints further revealed the significant suppression of inflammatory infiltration and endothelia impairment coupled with alleviation of ankle swelling and nociceptive response via Kin treatments. Taken together, these data implicated that Kin was the most effective candidate from Anoectochilus roxburghi to treat gouty arthritis clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Bing
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Di
- Complex and Intelligent Research Center, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hua
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shi-he
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yu-hua
- Wenshan Zhengbao Orthopaedic Hospital of Yunnan Province, Wenshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Xiu-guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Yu-gang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Qi-ming
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shih-mo
- Complex and Intelligent Research Center, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tang Ting-ting
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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303
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Picollet-D’hahan N, Dolega ME, Liguori L, Marquette C, Le Gac S, Gidrol X, Martin DK. A 3D Toolbox to Enhance Physiological Relevance of Human Tissue Models. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:757-769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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304
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Tan A, Fujisawa K, Yukawa Y, Matsunaga YT. Bottom-up fabrication of artery-mimicking tubular co-cultures in collagen-based microchannel scaffolds. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1503-14. [PMID: 27549872 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00340k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We developed a robust bottom-up approach to construct open-ended, tubular co-culture constructs that simulate the human vascular morphology and microenvironment. By design, these three-dimensional artificial vessels mimic the basic architecture of an artery: a collagen-rich extracellular matrix (as the tunica externa), smooth muscle cells (SMCs) (as the tunica media), and an endothelial cell (EC) lining (as the tunica interna). A versatile needle-based fabrication technique was employed to achieve controllable arterial layouts within a PDMS-hosted collagen microchannel scaffold (330 ± 10 μm in diameter): (direct co-culture) a SMC/EC bilayer to follow the structure of an arteriole-like segment; and (encapsulated co-culture) a lateral SMC multilayer covered by an EC monolayer lining to simulate the architecture of a larger artery. Optical and fluorescence microscopy images clearly evidenced the progressive cell elongation and sprouting behavior of SMCs and ECs along the collagen gel contour and within the gel matrix under static co-culture conditions. The progressive cell growth patterns effectively led to the formation of a tubular co-culture with an internal endothelial lining expressing prominent CD31 (cluster of differentiation 31) intercellular junction markers. During a 4-day static maturation period, the artery constructs showed modest alteration in the luminal diameters (i.e. less than 10% changes from the initial measurements). This argues in favor of stable and predictable arterial architecture achieved via the proposed fabrication protocols. Both co-culture models showed a high glucose metabolic rate during the initial proliferation phase, followed by a temporary quiescent (and thus, mature) stage. These proof-of-concept models with a controllable architecture create an important foundation for advanced vessel manipulations such as the integration of relevant physiological functionality or remodeling into a vascular disease-mimicking tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tan
- Centre for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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305
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Abstract
The exponential growth of the Internet of Things and the global popularity and remarkable decline in cost of the mobile phone is driving the digital transformation of medical practice. The rapidly maturing digital, non-medical world of mobile (wireless) devices, cloud computing and social networking is coalescing with the emerging digital medical world of omics data, biosensors and advanced imaging which offers the increasingly realistic prospect of personalized medicine. Described as a potential “seismic” shift from the current “healthcare” model to a “wellness” paradigm that is predictive, preventative, personalized and participatory, this change is based on the development of increasingly sophisticated biosensors which can track and measure key biochemical variables in people. Additional key drivers in this shift are metabolomic and proteomic signatures, which are increasingly being reported as pre-symptomatic, diagnostic and prognostic of toxicity and disease. These advancements also have profound implications for toxicological evaluation and safety assessment of pharmaceuticals and environmental chemicals. An approach based primarily on human in vivo and high-throughput in vitro human cell-line data is a distinct possibility. This would transform current chemical safety assessment practice which operates in a human “data poor” to a human “data rich” environment. This could also lead to a seismic shift from the current animal-based to an animal-free chemical safety assessment paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Loizou
- Health Risks, Health and Safety Laboratory, Health and Safety Executive Buxton, UK
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306
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Nieskens TTG, Wilmer MJ. Kidney-on-a-chip technology for renal proximal tubule tissue reconstruction. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 790:46-56. [PMID: 27401035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The renal proximal tubule epithelium is responsible for active secretion of endogenous and exogenous waste products from the body and simultaneous reabsorption of vital compounds from the glomerular filtrate. The complexity of this transport machinery makes investigation of processes such as tubular drug secretion a continuous challenge for researchers. Currently available renal cell culture models often lack sufficient physiological relevance and reliability. Introducing complex biological culture systems in a 3D microfluidic design improves the physiological relevance of in vitro renal proximal tubule epithelium models. Organ-on-a-chip technology provides a promising alternative, as it allows the reconstruction of a renal tubule structure. These microfluidic systems mimic the in vivo microenvironment including multi-compartmentalization and exposure to fluid shear stress. Increasing data supports that fluid shear stress impacts the phenotype and functionality of proximal tubule cultures, for which we provide an extensive background. In this review, we discuss recent developments of kidney-on-a-chip platforms with current and future applications. The improved proximal tubule functionality using 3D microfluidic systems is placed in perspective of investigating cellular signalling that can elucidate mechanistic aberrations involved in drug-induced kidney toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T G Nieskens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Wilmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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307
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Jeong SY, Lee JH, Shin Y, Chung S, Kuh HJ. Co-Culture of Tumor Spheroids and Fibroblasts in a Collagen Matrix-Incorporated Microfluidic Chip Mimics Reciprocal Activation in Solid Tumor Microenvironment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159013. [PMID: 27391808 PMCID: PMC4938568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular 3D culture and interaction with stromal components are considered essential elements in establishing a ‘more clinically relevant’ tumor model. Matrix-embedded 3D cultures using a microfluidic chip platform can recapitulate the microscale interaction within tumor microenvironments. As a major component of tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a role in cancer progression and drug resistance. Here, we present a microfluidic chip-based tumor tissue culture model that integrates 3D tumor spheroids (TSs) with CAF in proximity within a hydrogel scaffold. HT-29 human colorectal carcinoma cells grew into 3D TSs and the growth was stimulated when co-cultured with fibroblasts as shown by 1.5-folds increase of % changes in diameter over 5 days. TS cultured for 6 days showed a reduced expression of Ki-67 along with increased expression of fibronectin when co-cultured with fibroblasts compared to mono-cultured TSs. Fibroblasts were activated under co-culture conditions, as demonstrated by increases in α-SMA expression and migratory activity. When exposed to paclitaxel, a survival advantage was observed in TSs co-cultured with activated fibroblasts. Overall, we demonstrated the reciprocal interaction between TSs and fibroblasts in our 7-channel microfluidic chip. The co-culture of 3D TS-CAF in a collagen matrix-incorporated microfluidic chip may be useful to study the tumor microenvironment and for evaluation of drug screening and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeong Jeong
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojin Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kuh
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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308
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Karimi M, Bahrami S, Mirshekari H, Basri SMM, Nik AB, Aref AR, Akbari M, Hamblin MR. Microfluidic systems for stem cell-based neural tissue engineering. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2551-71. [PMID: 27296463 PMCID: PMC4935609 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00489j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering aims at developing novel approaches for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system, by providing a permissive environment for the growth and differentiation of neural cells. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems provide a closer biomimetic environment, and promote better cell differentiation and improved cell function, than could be achieved by conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture systems. With the recent advances in the discovery and introduction of different types of stem cells for tissue engineering, microfluidic platforms have provided an improved microenvironment for the 3D-culture of stem cells. Microfluidic systems can provide more precise control over the spatiotemporal distribution of chemical and physical cues at the cellular level compared to traditional systems. Various microsystems have been designed and fabricated for the purpose of neural tissue engineering. Enhanced neural migration and differentiation, and monitoring of these processes, as well as understanding the behavior of stem cells and their microenvironment have been obtained through application of different microfluidic-based stem cell culture and tissue engineering techniques. As the technology advances it may be possible to construct a "brain-on-a-chip". In this review, we describe the basics of stem cells and tissue engineering as well as microfluidics-based tissue engineering approaches. We review recent testing of various microfluidic approaches for stem cell-based neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Bahrami
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. and Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirshekari
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Masoud Moosavi Basri
- Bioenvironmental Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. and Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirala Bakhshian Nik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir R Aref
- Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. and Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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309
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Tunesi M, Fusco F, Fiordaliso F, Corbelli A, Biella G, Raimondi MT. Optimization of a 3D Dynamic Culturing System for In Vitro Modeling of Frontotemporal Neurodegeneration-Relevant Pathologic Features. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:146. [PMID: 27445790 PMCID: PMC4916174 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that is diagnosed with increasing frequency in clinical setting. Currently, no therapy is available and in addition the molecular basis of the disease are far from being elucidated. Consequently, it is of pivotal importance to develop reliable and cost-effective in vitro models for basic research purposes and drug screening. To this respect, recent results in the field of Alzheimer’s disease have suggested that a tridimensional (3D) environment is an added value to better model key pathologic features of the disease. Here, we have tried to add complexity to the 3D cell culturing concept by using a microfluidic bioreactor, where cells are cultured under a continuous flow of medium, thus mimicking the interstitial fluid movement that actually perfuses the body tissues, including the brain. We have implemented this model using a neuronal-like cell line (SH-SY5Y), a widely exploited cell model for neurodegenerative disorders that shows some basic features relevant for FTLD modeling, such as the release of the FTLD-related protein progranulin (PRGN) in specific vesicles (exosomes). We have efficiently seeded the cells on 3D scaffolds, optimized a disease-relevant oxidative stress experiment (by targeting mitochondrial function that is one of the possible FTLD-involved pathological mechanisms) and evaluated cell metabolic activity in dynamic culture in comparison to static conditions, finding that SH-SY5Y cells cultured in 3D scaffold are susceptible to the oxidative damage triggered by a mitochondrial-targeting toxin (6-OHDA) and that the same cells cultured in dynamic conditions kept their basic capacity to secrete PRGN in exosomes once recovered from the bioreactor and plated in standard 2D conditions. We think that a further improvement of our microfluidic system may help in providing a full device where assessing basic FTLD-related features (including PRGN dynamic secretion) that may be useful for monitoring disease progression over time or evaluating therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tunesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di MilanoMilan, Italy; Unità di Ricerca Consorzio INSTM, Politecnico di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Federica Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Unit of Bio-imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Unit of Bio-imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Biella
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela T Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano Milan, Italy
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310
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Knowlton S, Yu CH, Ersoy F, Emadi S, Khademhosseini A, Tasoglu S. 3D-printed microfluidic chips with patterned, cell-laden hydrogel constructs. Biofabrication 2016; 8:025019. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/2/025019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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311
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Intracellular ROS mediates gas plasma-facilitated cellular transfection in 2D and 3D cultures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27872. [PMID: 27296089 PMCID: PMC4906281 DOI: 10.1038/srep27872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the potential of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as a versatile tool
for delivering oligonucleotides into mammalian cells. Compared to lipofection and
electroporation methods, plasma transfection showed a better uptake efficiency and
less cell death in the transfection of oligonucleotides. We demonstrated that the
level of extracellular aqueous reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by gas plasma
is correlated with the uptake efficiency and that this is achieved through an
increase of intracellular ROS levels and the resulting increase in cell membrane
permeability. This finding was supported by the use of ROS scavengers, which reduced
CAP-based uptake efficiency. In addition, we found that cold atmospheric plasma
could transfer oligonucleotides such as siRNA and miRNA into cells even in 3D
cultures, thus suggesting the potential for unique applications of CAP beyond those
provided by standard transfection techniques. Together, our results suggest that
cold plasma might provide an efficient technique for the delivery of siRNA and miRNA
in 2D and 3D culture models.
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312
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Marx U, Andersson TB, Bahinski A, Beilmann M, Beken S, Cassee FR, Cirit M, Daneshian M, Fitzpatrick S, Frey O, Gaertner C, Giese C, Griffith L, Hartung T, Heringa MB, Hoeng J, de Jong WH, Kojima H, Kuehnl J, Luch A, Maschmeyer I, Sakharov D, Sips AJAM, Steger-Hartmann T, Tagle DA, Tonevitsky A, Tralau T, Tsyb S, van de Stolpe A, Vandebriel R, Vulto P, Wang J, Wiest J, Rodenburg M, Roth A. Biology-inspired microphysiological system approaches to solve the prediction dilemma of substance testing. ALTEX 2016; 33:272-321. [PMID: 27180100 PMCID: PMC5396467 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1603161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent advent of microphysiological systems - microfluidic biomimetic devices that aspire to emulate the biology of human tissues, organs and circulation in vitro - is envisaged to enable a global paradigm shift in drug development. An extraordinary US governmental initiative and various dedicated research programs in Europe and Asia have led recently to the first cutting-edge achievements of human single-organ and multi-organ engineering based on microphysiological systems. The expectation is that test systems established on this basis would model various disease stages, and predict toxicity, immunogenicity, ADME profiles and treatment efficacy prior to clinical testing. Consequently, this technology could significantly affect the way drug substances are developed in the future. Furthermore, microphysiological system-based assays may revolutionize our current global programs of prioritization of hazard characterization for any new substances to be used, for example, in agriculture, food, ecosystems or cosmetics, thus, replacing laboratory animal models used currently. Thirty-six experts from academia, industry and regulatory bodies present here the results of an intensive workshop (held in June 2015, Berlin, Germany). They review the status quo of microphysiological systems available today against industry needs, and assess the broad variety of approaches with fit-for-purpose potential in the drug development cycle. Feasible technical solutions to reach the next levels of human biology in vitro are proposed. Furthermore, key organ-on-a-chip case studies, as well as various national and international programs are highlighted. Finally, a roadmap into the future is outlined, to allow for more predictive and regulatory-accepted substance testing on a global scale.
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313
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Oedit A, Ramautar R, Hankemeier T, Lindenburg PW. Electroextraction and electromembrane extraction: Advances in hyphenation to analytical techniques. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1170-86. [PMID: 26864699 PMCID: PMC5071742 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electroextraction (EE) and electromembrane extraction (EME) are sample preparation techniques that both require an electric field that is applied over a liquid-liquid system, which enables the migration of charged analytes. Furthermore, both techniques are often used to pre-concentrate analytes prior to analysis. In this review an overview is provided of the body of literature spanning April 2012-November 2015 concerning EE and EME, focused on hyphenation to analytical techniques. First, the theoretical aspects of concentration enhancement in EE and EME are discussed to explain extraction recovery and enrichment factor. Next, overviews are provided of the techniques based on their hyphenation to LC, GC, CE, and direct detection. These overviews cover the compounds and matrices, experimental aspects (i.e. donor volume, acceptor volume, extraction time, extraction voltage, and separation time) and the analytical aspects (i.e. limit of detection, enrichment factor, and extraction recovery). Techniques that were either hyphenated online to analytical techniques or show high potential with respect to online hyphenation are highlighted. Finally, the potential future directions of EE and EME are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Oedit
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rawi Ramautar
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Petrus W Lindenburg
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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314
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Alessandri K, Feyeux M, Gurchenkov B, Delgado C, Trushko A, Krause KH, Vignjević D, Nassoy P, Roux A. A 3D printed microfluidic device for production of functionalized hydrogel microcapsules for culture and differentiation of human Neuronal Stem Cells (hNSC). LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1593-604. [PMID: 27025278 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00133e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present here a microfluidic device that generates sub-millimetric hollow hydrogel spheres, encapsulating cells and coated internally with a layer of reconstituted extracellular matrix (ECM) of a few microns thick. The spherical capsules, composed of alginate hydrogel, originate from the spontaneous instability of a multi-layered jet formed by co-extrusion using a coaxial flow device. We provide a simple design to manufacture this device using a DLP (digital light processing) 3D printer. Then, we demonstrate how the inner wall of the capsules can be decorated with a continuous ECM layer that is anchored to the alginate gel and mimics the basal membrane of a cellular niche. Finally, we used this approach to encapsulate human Neural Stem Cells (hNSC) derived from human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hIPSC), which were further differentiated into neurons within the capsules with negligible loss of viability. Altogether, we show that these capsules may serve as cell micro-containers compatible with complex cell culture conditions and applications. These developments widen the field of research and biomedical applications of the cell encapsulation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Alessandri
- University of Geneva, Department of Biochemistry, quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. and Institut Curie et Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 168, F-75248 Paris, France and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Feyeux
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Basile Gurchenkov
- Institut Curie et Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 168, F-75248 Paris, France and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France and ICI, IGBMC, CNRS, UMR7104, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France and INSERM, U964, Université de Strasbourg, F-67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France and Institut Curie et Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Delgado
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Anastasiya Trushko
- University of Geneva, Department of Biochemistry, quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Vignjević
- Institut Curie et Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Nassoy
- University of Geneva, Department of Biochemistry, quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. and Institut Curie et Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 168, F-75248 Paris, France and Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France and Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Aurélien Roux
- University of Geneva, Department of Biochemistry, quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. and Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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315
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A biofidelic 3D culture model to study the development of brain cellular systems. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24953. [PMID: 27112667 PMCID: PMC4844952 DOI: 10.1038/srep24953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how cells assemble as systems during corticogenesis to generate collective functions. We built a neurobiology platform that consists of fetal rat cerebral cortical cells grown within 3D silk scaffolds (SF). Ivermectin (Ivm), a glycine receptor (GLR) agonist, was used to modulate cell resting membrane potential (Vmem) according to methods described in a previous work that implicated Ivm in the arrangement and connectivity of cortical cell assemblies. The cells developed into distinct populations of neuroglial stem/progenitor cells, mature neurons or epithelial-mesenchymal cells. Importantly, the synchronized electrical activity in the newly developed cortical assemblies could be recorded as local field potential (LFP) measurements. This study therefore describes the first example of the development of a biologically relevant cortical plate assembly outside of the body. This model provides i) a preclinical basis for engineering cerebral cortex tissue autografts and ii) a biofidelic 3D culture model for investigating biologically relevant processes during the functional development of cerebral cortical cellular systems.
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316
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Yanagawa F, Sugiura S, Kanamori T. Hydrogel microfabrication technology toward three dimensional tissue engineering. Regen Ther 2016; 3:45-57. [PMID: 31245472 PMCID: PMC6581842 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of biologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs is essential for the alternative methods of organ transplantation in regenerative medicine, as well as the development of improved drug discovery assays. Recent technological advances in hydrogel microfabrication, such as micromolding, 3D bioprinting, photolithography, and stereolithography, have led to the production of 3D tissue constructs that exhibit biological functions with precise 3D microstructures. Furthermore, microfluidics technology has enabled the development of the perfusion culture of 3D tissue constructs with vascular networks. In this review, we present these hydrogel microfabrication technologies for the in vitro reconstruction and cultivation of 3D tissues. Additionally, we discuss current challenges and future perspectives of 3D tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiki Yanagawa
- Drug Assay Device Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5th, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shinji Sugiura
- Drug Assay Device Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5th, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kanamori
- Drug Assay Device Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5th, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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317
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Gilmour AD, Woolley AJ, Poole-Warren LA, Thomson CE, Green RA. A critical review of cell culture strategies for modelling intracortical brain implant material reactions. Biomaterials 2016; 91:23-43. [PMID: 26994876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The capacity to predict in vivo responses to medical devices in humans currently relies greatly on implantation in animal models. Researchers have been striving to develop in vitro techniques that can overcome the limitations associated with in vivo approaches. This review focuses on a critical analysis of the major in vitro strategies being utilized in laboratories around the world to improve understanding of the biological performance of intracortical, brain-implanted microdevices. Of particular interest to the current review are in vitro models for studying cell responses to penetrating intracortical devices and their materials, such as electrode arrays used for brain computer interface (BCI) and deep brain stimulation electrode probes implanted through the cortex. A background on the neural interface challenge is presented, followed by discussion of relevant in vitro culture strategies and their advantages and disadvantages. Future development of 2D culture models that exhibit developmental changes capable of mimicking normal, postnatal development will form the basis for more complex accurate predictive models in the future. Although not within the scope of this review, innovations in 3D scaffold technologies and microfluidic constructs will further improve the utility of in vitro approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Gilmour
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - A J Woolley
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L A Poole-Warren
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - C E Thomson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - R A Green
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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318
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Engineered Polymeric Hydrogels for 3D Tissue Models. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8010023. [PMID: 30979118 PMCID: PMC6432530 DOI: 10.3390/polym8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric biomaterials are widely used in a wide range of biomedical applications due to their unique properties, such as biocompatibility, multi-tunability and easy fabrication. Specifically, polymeric hydrogel materials are extensively utilized as therapeutic implants and therapeutic vehicles for tissue regeneration and drug delivery systems. Recently, hydrogels have been developed as artificial cellular microenvironments because of the structural and physiological similarity to native extracellular matrices. With recent advances in hydrogel materials, many researchers are creating three-dimensional tissue models using engineered hydrogels and various cell sources, which is a promising platform for tissue regeneration, drug discovery, alternatives to animal models and the study of basic cell biology. In this review, we discuss how polymeric hydrogels are used to create engineered tissue constructs. Specifically, we focus on emerging technologies to generate advanced tissue models that precisely recapitulate complex native tissues in vivo.
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319
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Lajoinie G, De Cock I, Coussios CC, Lentacker I, Le Gac S, Stride E, Versluis M. In vitro methods to study bubble-cell interactions: Fundamentals and therapeutic applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:011501. [PMID: 26865903 PMCID: PMC4733084 DOI: 10.1063/1.4940429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Besides their use as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging, microbubbles are increasingly studied for a wide range of therapeutic applications. In particular, their ability to enhance the uptake of drugs through the permeabilization of tissues and cell membranes shows great promise. In order to fully understand the numerous paths by which bubbles can interact with cells and the even larger number of possible biological responses from the cells, thorough and extensive work is necessary. In this review, we consider the range of experimental techniques implemented in in vitro studies with the aim of elucidating these microbubble-cell interactions. First of all, the variety of cell types and cell models available are discussed, emphasizing the need for more and more complex models replicating in vivo conditions together with experimental challenges associated with this increased complexity. Second, the different types of stabilized microbubbles and more recently developed droplets and particles are presented, followed by their acoustic or optical excitation methods. Finally, the techniques exploited to study the microbubble-cell interactions are reviewed. These techniques operate over a wide range of timescales, or even off-line, revealing particular aspects or subsequent effects of these interactions. Therefore, knowledge obtained from several techniques must be combined to elucidate the underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lajoinie
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ine De Cock
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Versluis
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
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320
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Thomas A, Daniel Ou-Yang H, Lowe-Krentz L, Muzykantov VR, Liu Y. Biomimetic channel modeling local vascular dynamics of pro-inflammatory endothelial changes. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:014101. [PMID: 26858813 PMCID: PMC4706543 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and are exposed to various factors like hemodynamic conditions (shear stress, laminar, and turbulent flow), biochemical signals (cytokines), and communication with other cell types (smooth muscle cells, monocytes, platelets, etc.). Blood vessel functions are regulated by interactions among these factors. The occurrence of a pathological condition would lead to localized upregulation of cell adhesion molecules on the endothelial lining of the blood vessel. This process is promoted by circulating cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which leads to expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on the endothelial cell surface among other molecules. ICAM-1 is critical in regulating endothelial cell layer dynamic integrity and cytoskeletal remodeling and also mediates direct cell-cell interactions as part of inflammatory responses and wound healing. In this study, we developed a biomimetic blood vessel model by culturing confluent, flow aligned, endothelial cells in a microfluidic platform, and performed real time in situ characterization of flow mediated localized pro-inflammatory endothelial activation. The model mimics the physiological phenomenon of cytokine activation of endothelium from the tissue side and studies the heterogeneity in localized surface ICAM-1 expression and F-actin arrangement. Fluorescent antibody coated particles were used as imaging probes for identifying endothelial cell surface ICAM-1 expression. The binding properties of particles were evaluated under flow for two different particle sizes and antibody coating densities. This allowed the investigation of spatial resolution and accessibility of ICAM-1 molecules expressed on the endothelial cells, along with their sensitivity in receptor-ligand recognition and binding. This work has developed an in vitro blood vessel model that can integrate various heterogeneous factors to effectively mimic a complex endothelial microenvironment and can be potentially applied for relevant blood vessel mechanobiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Thomas
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | | | | | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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321
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Boussommier-Calleja A, Li R, Chen MB, Wong SC, Kamm RD. Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions. Trends Cancer 2016; 2:6-19. [PMID: 26858990 PMCID: PMC4743529 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recognition of the enormous potential of immunotherapies against cancer, research into the interactions between tumor and immune cells has accelerated, leading to the recent FDA approval of several drugs that reduce cancer progression. Numerous cellular and molecular interactions have been identified by which immune cells can intervene in the metastatic cascade, leading to the development of several in vivo and in vitro model systems that can recapitulate these processes. Among these, microfluidic technologies hold many advantages in terms of their unique ability to capture the essential features of multiple cell type interactions in three-dimensions while allowing tight control of the microenvironment and real-time monitoring. Here, we review current assays and discuss the development of new microfluidic technologies for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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322
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Wilmer MJ, Ng CP, Lanz HL, Vulto P, Suter-Dick L, Masereeuw R. Kidney-on-a-Chip Technology for Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity Screening. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 34:156-170. [PMID: 26708346 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Improved model systems to predict drug efficacy, interactions, and drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) are crucially needed in drug development. Organ-on-a-chip technology is a suitable in vitro system because it reproduces the 3D microenvironment. A kidney-on-a-chip can mimic the structural, mechanical, transport, absorptive, and physiological properties of the human kidney. In this review we address the application of state-of-the-art microfluidic culturing techniques, with a focus on culturing kidney proximal tubules, that are promising for the detection of biomarkers that predict drug interactions and DIKI. We also discuss high-throughput screening and the challenges for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) that will need to be overcome for successful implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn J Wilmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, HB 6500 The Netherlands.
| | - Chee Ping Ng
- MIMETAS BV, JH Oortweg 19, Leiden, CH, 2333 The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Vulto
- MIMETAS BV, JH Oortweg 19, Leiden, CH, 2333 The Netherlands
| | - Laura Suter-Dick
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, CG 3584 The Netherlands
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323
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Booth ME, Nash CE, Roberts NP, Magee DR, Treanor D, Hanby AM, Speirs V. 3-D Tissue Modelling and Virtual Pathology as New Approaches to Study Ductal Carcinoma In Situ. Altern Lab Anim 2015; 43:377-83. [DOI: 10.1177/026119291504300605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Widespread screening mammography programmes mean that ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a pre-invasive breast lesion, is now more frequently diagnosed. However, not all diagnosed DCIS lesions progress to invasive breast cancer, which presents a dilemma for clinicians. As such, there is much interest in studying DCIS in the laboratory, in order to help understand more about its biology and determine the characteristics of those that progress to invasion. Greater knowledge would lead to targeted and better DCIS treatment. Here, we outline some of the models available to study DCIS, with a particular focus on animal-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Booth
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Leeds, UK
- Joint first authors
| | - Claire E. Nash
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Leeds, UK
- Joint first authors
- Current address: The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | | | | | - Darren Treanor
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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324
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Stadler M, Walter S, Walzl A, Kramer N, Unger C, Scherzer M, Unterleuthner D, Hengstschläger M, Krupitza G, Dolznig H. Increased complexity in carcinomas: Analyzing and modeling the interaction of human cancer cells with their microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:107-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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325
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Krüger T, Engstler M. Flagellar motility in eukaryotic human parasites. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 46:113-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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