301
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Pellerano M, Naud-Martin D, Peyressatre M, Prével C, Teulade-Fichou MP, Morris M, Mahuteau-Betzer F. TP-2Rho Is a Sensitive Solvatochromic Red-Shifted Probe for Monitoring the Interactions between CDK4 and Cyclin D. Chembiochem 2016; 17:737-44. [PMID: 26946188 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the intricate steps of protein kinase regulation requires characterization of protein-protein interactions between the catalytic subunit, its regulatory partners and the substrate. Fluorescent probes are useful tools with which to study such interactions and to gain insight into their affinities and specificities. Solvatochromic probes, which display changes in their fluorescence emission in response to changes in the polarity of the medium, are particularly attractive. Here we describe conjugation of a switchable fluorescent dye, TP-2Rho, to peptide and protein derivatives of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and its application to characterization of the interactions between the catalytic subunit of this kinase, its regulatory partner cyclin D1 and a peptide substrate. We demonstrate the sensitivity of TP-2Rho in relation to of those other dyes used for monitoring peptide-protein and protein-protein interactions. Moreover, we show that TP-Rho-labelled peptides can be introduced into living cells to probe endogenous CDK4/cyclin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Pellerano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron-IBMM-CNRS-UMR 5247, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Montpellier 1, 15, avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Naud-Martin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, UMR9187-U1196, 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR9187-U1196, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Marion Peyressatre
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron-IBMM-CNRS-UMR 5247, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Montpellier 1, 15, avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Prével
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron-IBMM-CNRS-UMR 5247, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Montpellier 1, 15, avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, UMR9187-U1196, 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR9187-U1196, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - May Morris
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron-IBMM-CNRS-UMR 5247, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Montpellier 1, 15, avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France.
| | - Florence Mahuteau-Betzer
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, UMR9187-U1196, 91405, Orsay, France. .,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR9187-U1196, 91405, Orsay, France.
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302
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Mota AAR, Corrêa JR, Carvalho PHPR, de Sousa NMP, de Oliveira HCB, Gatto CC, da Silva Filho DA, de Oliveira AL, Neto BAD. Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Bioimaging of a Fluorescent Nitrogen-Linked Bisbenzothiadiazole. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2958-65. [PMID: 26930300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis, structure, photophysical properties, and bioimaging application of a novel 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD)-based rationally designed fluorophore. The capability of undergoing efficient stabilizing processes from the excited state allowed the novel BTD derivative to be used as a stable probe for bioimaging applications. No notable photobleaching effect or degradation could be observed during the experimental time period. Before the synthesis, the molecular architecture of the novel BTD derivative was evaluated by means of DFT calculations to validate the chosen design. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed the nearly flat characteristics of the structure in a syn conformation. The fluorophore was successfully tested as a live-cell-imaging probe and efficiently stained MCF-7 breast cancer cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A R Mota
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasilia (IQ-UnB) , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, CEP, P.O. Box 4478,Brasilia, DF 70904-970, Brazil
| | - José R Corrêa
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasilia (IQ-UnB) , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, CEP, P.O. Box 4478,Brasilia, DF 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Pedro H P R Carvalho
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasilia (IQ-UnB) , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, CEP, P.O. Box 4478,Brasilia, DF 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Núbia M P de Sousa
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasilia (IQ-UnB) , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, CEP, P.O. Box 4478,Brasilia, DF 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Heibbe C B de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasilia (IQ-UnB) , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, CEP, P.O. Box 4478,Brasilia, DF 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Claudia C Gatto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasilia (IQ-UnB) , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, CEP, P.O. Box 4478,Brasilia, DF 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Demétrio A da Silva Filho
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia (IF-UnB) , Campus Universitario Darcy Ribeiro, CEP, Brasilia, DF 70919-970, Brazil
| | - Aline L de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasilia (IQ-UnB) , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, CEP, P.O. Box 4478,Brasilia, DF 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Brenno A D Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasilia (IQ-UnB) , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, CEP, P.O. Box 4478,Brasilia, DF 70904-970, Brazil
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303
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Long MC, Poganik JR, Aye Y. On-Demand Targeting: Investigating Biology with Proximity-Directed Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3610-22. [PMID: 26907082 PMCID: PMC4805449 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proximity enhancement is a central chemical tenet underpinning an exciting suite of small-molecule toolsets that have allowed us to unravel many biological complexities. The leitmotif of this opus is "tethering"-a strategy in which a multifunctional small molecule serves as a template to bring proteins/biomolecules together. Scaffolding approaches have been powerfully applied to control diverse biological outcomes such as protein-protein association, protein stability, activity, and improve imaging capabilities. A new twist on this strategy has recently appeared, in which the small-molecule probe is engineered to unleash controlled amounts of reactive chemical signals within the microenvironment of a target protein. Modification of a specific target elicits a precisely timed and spatially controlled gain-of-function (or dominant loss-of-function) signaling response. Presented herein is a unique personal outlook conceptualizing the powerful proximity-enhanced chemical biology toolsets into two paradigms: "multifunctional scaffolding" versus "on-demand targeting". By addressing the latest advances and challenges in the established yet constantly evolving multifunctional scaffolding strategies as well as in the emerging on-demand precision targeting (and related) systems, this Perspective is aimed at choosing when it is best to employ each of the two strategies, with an emphasis toward further promoting novel applications and discoveries stemming from these innovative chemical biology platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus
J. C. Long
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
| | - Yimon Aye
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
- Department
of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
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304
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Petty JT, Sergev OO, Ganguly M, Rankine IJ, Chevrier DM, Zhang P. A Segregated, Partially Oxidized, and Compact Ag10 Cluster within an Encapsulating DNA Host. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3469-77. [PMID: 26924556 PMCID: PMC6118400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver clusters develop within DNA strands and become optical chromophores with diverse electronic spectra and wide-ranging emission intensities. These studies consider a specific cluster that absorbs at 400 nm, has low emission, and exclusively develops with single-stranded oligonucleotides. It is also a chameleon-like chromophore that can be transformed into different highly emissive fluorophores. We describe four characteristics of this species and conclude that it is highly oxidized yet also metallic. One, the cluster size was determined via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. A common silver mass is measured with different oligonucleotides and thereby supports a Ag10 cluster. Two, the cluster charge was determined by mass spectrometry and Ag L3-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. Respectively, the conjugate mass and the integrated white-line intensity support a partially oxidized cluster with a +6 and +6.5 charge, respectively. Three, the cluster chirality was gauged by circular dichroism spectroscopy. This chirality changes with the length and sequence of its DNA hosts, and these studies identified a dispersed binding site with ∼20 nucleobases. Four, the structure of this complex was investigated via Ag K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. A multishell fitting analysis identified three unique scattering environments with corresponding bond lengths, coordination numbers, and Debye-Waller factors for each. Collectively, these findings support the following conclusion: a Ag10(+6) cluster develops within a 20-nucleobase DNA binding site, and this complex segregates into a compact, metal-like silver core that weakly links to an encapsulating silver-DNA shell. We consider different models that account for silver-silver coordination within the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T. Petty
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Orlin O. Sergev
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Mainak Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Ian J. Rankine
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Daniel M. Chevrier
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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305
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Chen H, Tang Y, Ren M, Lin W. Single near-infrared fluorescent probe with high- and low-sensitivity sites for sensing different concentration ranges of biological thiols with distinct modes of fluorescence signals. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1896-1903. [PMID: 30155014 PMCID: PMC6090520 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03591k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a unique approach for the development of an interesting type of the fluorescent probes, which can show different modes of fluorescence signals to distinct concentration ranges of a target of interest. The key points for the design of the new type of the fluorescent probes include the judicious selection of the dye platforms and the corresponding high- and low-sensitivity sites. It is known that the normal concentrations of biological thiols have significant biological functions. However, up- or down-regulated concentrations of thiols may induce several diseases. Therefore, it is highly important to monitor the changes of thiol concentrations in living systems. Based on the proposed strategy, we engineer the novel NIR fluorescent probe, CHMC-thiol, which remarkably can display a turn-on signal to the low concentration range of thiols and a ratiometric response to the high concentration range of thiols for the first time. We anticipate that the intriguing strategy formulated herein will be widely useful for the development of concentration range-dependent fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , China .
| | - Yonghe Tang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , P. R. China
| | - Mingguang Ren
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , P. R. China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , China .
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306
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Hauser C, Wodtke R, Löser R, Pietsch M. A fluorescence anisotropy-based assay for determining the activity of tissue transglutaminase. Amino Acids 2016; 49:567-583. [PMID: 26886924 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TGase 2) is the most abundantly expressed enzyme of the transglutaminase family and involved in a large variety of pathological processes, such as neurodegenerative diseases, disorders related to autoimmunity and inflammation as well as tumor growth, progression and metastasis. As a result, TGase 2 represents an attractive target for drug discovery and development, which requires assays that allow for the characterization of modulating agents and are appropriate for high-throughput screening. Herein, we report a fluorescence anisotropy-based approach for the determination of TGase 2's transamidase activity, following the time-dependent increase in fluorescence anisotropy due to the enzyme-catalyzed incorporation of fluorescein- and rhodamine B-conjugated cadaverines 1-3 (acyl acceptor substrates) into N,N-dimethylated casein (acyl donor substrate). These cadaverine derivatives 1-3 were obtained by solid-phase synthesis. To allow efficient conjugation of the rhodamine B moiety, different linkers providing secondary amine functions, such as sarcosyl and isonipecotyl, were introduced between the cadaverine and xanthenyl entities in compounds 2 and 3, respectively, with acyl acceptor 3 showing the most optimal substrate properties of the compounds investigated. The assay was validated for the search of both irreversible and reversible TGase 2 inhibitors using the inactivators iodoacetamide and a recently published L-lysine-derived acrylamide and the allosteric binder GTP, respectively. In addition, the fluorescence anisotropy-based method was proven to be suitable for high-throughput screening (Z' factor of 0.86) and represents a non-radioactive and highly sensitive assay for determining the active TGase 2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hauser
- Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reik Löser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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307
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Butkevich AN, Mitronova GY, Sidenstein SC, Klocke JL, Kamin D, Meineke DNH, D'Este E, Kraemer PT, Danzl JG, Belov VN, Hell SW. Fluorescent Rhodamines and Fluorogenic Carbopyronines for Super-Resolution STED Microscopy in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3290-4. [PMID: 26844929 PMCID: PMC4770443 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A range of bright and photostable rhodamines and carbopyronines with absorption maxima in the range of λ=500–630 nm were prepared, and enabled the specific labeling of cytoskeletal filaments using HaloTag technology followed by staining with 1 μm solutions of the dye–ligand conjugates. The synthesis, photophysical parameters, fluorogenic behavior, and structure–property relationships of the new dyes are discussed. Light microscopy with stimulated emission depletion (STED) provided one‐ and two‐color images of living cells with an optical resolution of 40–60 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N Butkevich
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Gyuzel Yu Mitronova
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven C Sidenstein
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jessica L Klocke
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Kamin
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk N H Meineke
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisa D'Este
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philip-Tobias Kraemer
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johann G Danzl
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vladimir N Belov
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Stefan W Hell
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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308
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Butkevich AN, Mitronova GY, Sidenstein SC, Klocke JL, Kamin D, Meineke DNH, D'Este E, Kraemer PT, Danzl JG, Belov VN, Hell SW. Fluoreszierende Rhodamine und fluorogene Carbopyronine für die STED-Mikroskopie lebender Zellen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N. Butkevich
- Abteilung für NanoBiophotonik; Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC); Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Gyuzel Yu. Mitronova
- Abteilung für NanoBiophotonik; Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC); Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Sven C. Sidenstein
- Abteilung für NanoBiophotonik; Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC); Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Jessica L. Klocke
- Abteilung für NanoBiophotonik; Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC); Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Dirk Kamin
- Abteilung für NanoBiophotonik; Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC); Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Dirk N. H. Meineke
- Abteilung für NanoBiophotonik; Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC); Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Elisa D'Este
- Abteilung für NanoBiophotonik; Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC); Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Philip-Tobias Kraemer
- Abteilung für NanoBiophotonik; Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC); Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Johann G. Danzl
- Abteilung für NanoBiophotonik; Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC); Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Vladimir N. Belov
- Abteilung für NanoBiophotonik; Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC); Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Stefan W. Hell
- Abteilung für NanoBiophotonik; Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC); Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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309
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Santos FMF, Rosa JN, Candeias NR, Carvalho CP, Matos AI, Ventura AE, Florindo HF, Silva LC, Pischel U, Gois PMP. A Three-Component Assembly Promoted by Boronic Acids Delivers a Modular Fluorophore Platform (BASHY Dyes). Chemistry 2016; 22:1631-7. [PMID: 26691630 PMCID: PMC4738427 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The modular assembly of boronic acids with Schiff-base ligands enabled the construction of innovative fluorescent dyes [boronic acid salicylidenehydrazone (BASHY)] with suitable structural and photophysical properties for live cell bioimaging applications. This reaction enabled the straightforward synthesis (yields up to 99%) of structurally diverse and photostable dyes that exhibit a polarity-sensitive green-to-yellow emission with high quantum yields of up to 0.6 in nonpolar environments. These dyes displayed a high brightness (up to 54,000 M(-1) cm(-1)). The promising structural and fluorescence properties of BASHY dyes fostered the preparation of non-cytotoxic, stable, and highly fluorescent poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles that were effectively internalized by dendritic cells. The dyes were also shown to selectively stain lipid droplets in HeLa cells, without inducing any appreciable cytotoxicity or competing plasma membrane labeling; this confirmed their potential as fluorescent stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M F Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João N Rosa
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno R Candeias
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Cátia Parente Carvalho
- CIQSO - Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Ana I Matos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana E Ventura
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena F Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Liana C Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Uwe Pischel
- CIQSO - Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain.
| | - Pedro M P Gois
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
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310
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Romieu A, Richard JA. An expedient synthesis of N,N-dialkylamino-dihydroxanthene-pyrylium conjugated near-infrared fluorescent dyes. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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311
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Levine SR, Beatty KE. Synthesis of a far-red fluorophore and its use as an esterase probe in living cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1835-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08764c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new esterase-activatable probe expands the toolkit for staining living cells with a far-red fluorescent carbazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R. Levine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine
- Oregon Health & Science University
- Portland, USA
| | - Kimberly E. Beatty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine
- Oregon Health & Science University
- Portland, USA
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312
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Anzalone AV, Chen Z, Cornish VW. Synthesis of photoactivatable azido-acyl caged oxazine fluorophores for live-cell imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9442-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04882j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A new cell-permeable caged oxazine fluorophore was synthesized for protein specific labeling and photoactivation in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V. Anzalone
- Department of Chemistry
- Columbia University
- New York
- USA
- Department of Systems Biology
| | - Zhixing Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Columbia University
- New York
- USA
| | - Virginia W. Cornish
- Department of Chemistry
- Columbia University
- New York
- USA
- Department of Systems Biology
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313
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Dias GG, Pinho PVB, Duarte HA, Resende JM, Rosa ABB, Correa JR, Neto BAD, da Silva Júnior EN. Fluorescent oxazoles from quinones for bioimaging applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes a synthetic strategy for the syntheses of four new fluorescent excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) prone oxazole derivatives synthesized from lapachol, a naturally occurring naphthoquinone isolated from the Tabebuia species (ipe tree).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleiston G. Dias
- Institute of Exact Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Pamella V. B. Pinho
- Institute of Exact Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Hélio A. Duarte
- Institute of Exact Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Jarbas M. Resende
- Institute of Exact Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Andressa B. B. Rosa
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Technological Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Brasilia
- Brasilia
- Brazil
| | - José R. Correa
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Technological Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Brasilia
- Brasilia
- Brazil
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Technological Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Brasilia
- Brasilia
- Brazil
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314
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Martynov VI, Pakhomov AA, Popova NV, Deyev IE, Petrenko AG. Synthetic Fluorophores for Visualizing Biomolecules in Living Systems. Acta Naturae 2016; 8:33-46. [PMID: 28050265 PMCID: PMC5199205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed significant advance in the imaging of living systems using fluorescent markers. This progress has been primarily associated with the discovery of different spectral variants of fluorescent proteins. However, the fluorescent protein technology has its own limitations and, in some cases, the use of low-molecular-weight fluorophores is preferable. In this review, we describe the arsenal of synthetic fluorescent tools that are currently in researchers' hands and span virtually the entire spectrum, from the UV to visible and, further, to the near-infrared region. An overview of recent advances in site-directed introduction of synthetic fluorophores into target cellular objects is provided. Application of these fluorescent probes to the solution of a wide range of biological problems, in particular, to the determination of local ion concentrations and pH in living systems, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. I. Martynov
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - A. A. Pakhomov
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - N. V. Popova
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - I. E. Deyev
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - A. G. Petrenko
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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315
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Harkiss AH, Sutherland A. Recent advances in the synthesis and application of fluorescent α-amino acids. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8911-8921. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01715k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of new fluorescent α-amino acids as well as their application in imaging of biological systems has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H. Harkiss
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- The Joseph Black Building
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow G12 8QQ
| | - Andrew Sutherland
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- The Joseph Black Building
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow G12 8QQ
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316
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Suzuki Y, Yamaji M, Maki S, Hirano T. Enhanced brightness of 2,6-diphenylthiazolo[4,5-b]pyrazines by introducing double electron donating groups. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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317
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Aoyama E, Fuchida H, Oshikawa Y, Uchinomiya S, Ojida A. Intracellular delivery of chemical probes using a glutathione-responsive traceless tag. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7715-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new glutathione (GSH)-responsive traceless tag that facilitates intracellular delivery of small molecule chemical probes has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Aoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka
- Japan
| | - Hirokazu Fuchida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka
- Japan
| | - Yuji Oshikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka
- Japan
| | - Shohei Uchinomiya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka
- Japan
| | - Akio Ojida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka
- Japan
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318
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Grimm JB, Gruber TD, Ortiz G, Brown TA, Lavis LD. Virginia Orange: A Versatile, Red-Shifted Fluorescein Scaffold for Single- and Dual-Input Fluorogenic Probes. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 27:474-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B. Grimm
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Todd D. Gruber
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Gloria Ortiz
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Timothy A. Brown
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Luke D. Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
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319
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Lee Y, Jo A, Park SB. Rational Improvement of Molar Absorptivity Guided by Oscillator Strength: A Case Study with Furoindolizine-Based Core Skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15689-93. [PMID: 26563569 PMCID: PMC4832825 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The rational improvement of photophysical properties can be highly valuable for the discovery of novel organic fluorophores. Using our new design strategy guided by the oscillator strength, we developed a series of full-color-tunable furoindolizine analogs with improved molar absorptivity through the fusion of a furan ring into the indolizine-based Seoul fluorophore. The excellent correlation between the computable values (oscillator strength and theoretical S0 -S1 energy gap) and photophysical properties (molar absorptivity and emission wavelength) confirmed the effectualness of our design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747 (Korea)
| | - Ala Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747 (Korea)
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747 (Korea).
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320
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Yang J, Li K, Hou JT, Li LL, Lu CY, Xie YM, Wang X, Yu XQ. Novel Tumor-Specific and Mitochondria-Targeted near-Infrared-Emission Fluorescent Probe for SO2 Derivatives in Living Cells. ACS Sens 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5b00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, P. R. China
| | - Kun Li
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Ting Hou
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Li
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Mei Xie
- State
Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, P. R. China
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321
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Barnoy EA, Fixler D, Popovtzer R, Nayhoz T, Ray K. An ultra-sensitive dual-mode imaging system using metal-enhanced fluorescence in solid phantoms. NANO RESEARCH 2015; 8:3912-3921. [PMID: 26870306 PMCID: PMC4745124 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-015-0891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study we developed a highly sensitive dual modal imaging system designed for gold nanoparticles (GNPs) conjugated to various fluorophores in solid phantoms. The system consists of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for surface imaging, diffusion reflection (DR) for deep tissue imaging (up to 1cm), and metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF). We detected quenching in fluorescent intensity (FI) for the conjugation of gold nanospheres (GNS) as well as gold nanorods (GNRs) to Fluorescein, which has an excitation peak at a wavelength shorter than the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of both types of GNPs, and enhanced FI in conjugation to Rhodamine B and Sulforhodamine B, both with excitation peaks in the GNPs' SPR. The enhanced FI was detected in solution as well as in solid phantoms from FLIM measurements. DR measurements detected GNR presence within the solid phantoms by recording dropped rates of light scattering using wavelengths corresponding to the GNRs' absorption. With the inclusion of MEF, this promising dual modal imaging technique enables efficient and sensitive molecular and functional imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran A. Barnoy
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tsviya Nayhoz
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Krishanu Ray
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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322
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bim Graham
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Kellie L. Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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323
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Imaging and manipulating proteins in live cells through covalent labeling. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:917-23. [PMID: 26575238 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The past 20 years have witnessed the advent of numerous technologies to specifically and covalently label proteins in cellulo and in vivo with synthetic probes. These technologies range from self-labeling proteins tags to non-natural amino acids, and the question is no longer how we can specifically label a given protein but rather with what additional functionality we wish to equip it. In addition, progress in fields such as super-resolution microscopy and genome editing have either provided additional motivation to label proteins with advanced synthetic probes or removed some of the difficulties of conducting such experiments. By focusing on two particular applications, live-cell imaging and the generation of reversible protein switches, we outline the opportunities and challenges of the field and how the synergy between synthetic chemistry and protein engineering will make it possible to conduct experiments that are not feasible with conventional approaches.
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324
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Lee Y, Jo A, Park SB. Rational Improvement of Molar Absorptivity Guided by Oscillator Strength: A Case Study with Furoindolizine‐Based Core Skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151‐747 (Korea)
| | - Ala Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151‐747 (Korea)
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151‐747 (Korea)
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325
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Chevalier A, Piao W, Hanaoka K, Nagano T, Renard PY, Romieu A. Azobenzene-caged sulforhodamine dyes: a novel class of 'turn-on' reactive probes for hypoxic tumor cell imaging. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2015; 3:044004. [PMID: 29148517 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/3/4/044004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New sulforhodamine-based fluorescent 'turn-on' probes have been developed for the direct imaging of cellular hypoxia. Rapid access to this novel class of water-soluble 'azobenzene-caged' fluorophores was made possible through an easily-implementable azo-coupling reaction between a fluorescent primary arylamine derived from a sulforhodamine 101 scaffold (named SR101-NaphtNH 2 ) and a tertiary aniline whose N-substituents are neutral, cationic, or zwitterionic. The detection mechanism is based on the bioreductive cleavage of the azo bond that restores strong far-red fluorescence (emission maximum at 625 nm) by regenerating the original sulforhodamine SR101-NaphtNH 2 . This valuable fluorogenic response was obtained for the three 'smart' probes studied in this work, as shown by an in vitro assay using rat liver microsomes placed under aerobic and then under hypoxic conditions. Most importantly, the probe namely SR101-NaphtNH 2 -Hyp-diMe was successfully applied for imaging the hypoxic status of tumor cells (A549 cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Chevalier
- Normandie Université, COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038; Univ. Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, IRCOF, 1, Rue Tesnières, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France
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326
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New coumarin-based fluorescent melatonin ligands. Design, synthesis and pharmacological characterization. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:370-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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327
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Chai X, Cui X, Wang B, Yang F, Cai Y, Wu Q, Wang T. Near-Infrared Phosphorus-Substituted Rhodamine with Emission Wavelength above 700 nm for Bioimaging. Chemistry 2015; 21:16754-8. [PMID: 26420515 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus has been successfully fused into a classic rhodamine framework, in which it replaces the bridging oxygen atom to give a series of phosphorus-substituted rhodamines (PRs). Because of the electron-accepting properties of the phosphorus moiety, which is due to effective σ*-π* interactions and strengthened by the inductivity of phosphine oxide, PR exhibits extraordinary long-wavelength fluorescence emission, elongating to the region above 700 nm, with bathochromic shifts of 140 and 40 nm relative to rhodamine and silicon-substituted rhodamine, respectively. Other advantageous properties of the rhodamine family, including high molar extinction coefficient, considerable quantum efficiency, high water solubility, pH-independent emission, great tolerance to photobleaching, and low cytotoxicity, stay intact in PR. Given these excellent properties, PR is desirable for NIR-fluorescence imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Chai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433 (P.R. China)
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003 (USA)
| | - Baogang Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433 (P.R. China)
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433 (P.R. China).,College of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005 (P.R. China)
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433 (P.R. China).,College of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005 (P.R. China)
| | - Qiuye Wu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433 (P.R. China)
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433 (P.R. China).
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328
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Murrey HE, Judkins JC, Am Ende CW, Ballard TE, Fang Y, Riccardi K, Di L, Guilmette ER, Schwartz JW, Fox JM, Johnson DS. Systematic Evaluation of Bioorthogonal Reactions in Live Cells with Clickable HaloTag Ligands: Implications for Intracellular Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11461-75. [PMID: 26270632 PMCID: PMC4572613 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Bioorthogonal
reactions, including the strain-promoted azide–alkyne
cycloaddition (SPAAC) and inverse electron demand Diels–Alder
(iEDDA) reactions, have become increasingly popular for live-cell
imaging applications. However, the stability and reactivity of reagents
has never been systematically explored in the context of a living
cell. Here we report a universal, organelle-targetable system based
on HaloTag protein technology for directly comparing bioorthogonal
reagent reactivity, specificity, and stability using clickable HaloTag
ligands in various subcellular compartments. This system enabled a
detailed comparison of the bioorthogonal reactions in live cells and
informed the selection of optimal reagents and conditions for live-cell
imaging studies. We found that the reaction of sTCO with monosubstituted
tetrazines is the fastest reaction in cells; however, both reagents
have stability issues. To address this, we introduced a new variant
of sTCO, Ag-sTCO, which has much improved stability and can be used
directly in cells for rapid bioorthogonal reactions with tetrazines.
Utilization of Ag complexes of conformationally strained trans-cyclooctenes should greatly expand their usefulness especially when
paired with less reactive, more stable tetrazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Murrey
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joshua C Judkins
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T Eric Ballard
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yinzhi Fang
- Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Keith Riccardi
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Li Di
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edward R Guilmette
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joel W Schwartz
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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329
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Chen W, Tan YL, Kelly JW. Fluorescence Turn-On Folding Sensor To Monitor Proteome Stress in Live Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11303-11. [PMID: 26305239 PMCID: PMC4755273 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteome misfolding and/or aggregation, caused by a thermal perturbation or a related stress, transiently challenges the cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) network capacity of cells by consuming chaperone/chaperonin pathway and degradation pathway capacity. Developing protein client-based probes to quantify the cellular proteostasis network capacity in real time is highly desirable. Herein we introduce a small-molecule-regulated fluorescent protein folding sensor based on a thermo-labile mutant of the de novo designed retroaldolase (RA) enzyme. Since RA enzyme activity is not present in any cell, the protein folding sensor is bioorthogonal. The fluorogenic small molecule was designed to become fluorescent when it binds to and covalently reacts with folded and functional RA. Thus, in the first experimental paradigm, cellular proteostasis network capacity and its dynamics are reflected by RA-small molecule conjugate fluorescence, which correlates with the amount of folded and functional RA present, provided that pharmacologic chaperoning is minimized. In the second experimental scenario, the RA-fluorogenic probe conjugate is pre-formed in a cell by simply adding the fluorogenic probe to the cell culture media. Unreacted probe is then washed away before a proteome misfolding stress is applied in a pulse-chase-type experiment. Insufficient proteostasis network capacity is reflected by aggregate formation of the fluorescent RA-fluorogenic probe conjugate. Removal of the stress results in apparent RA-fluorogenic probe conjugate re-folding, mediated in part by the heat-shock response transcriptional program augmenting cytosolic proteostasis network capacity, and in part by time-dependent RA-fluorogenic probe conjugate degradation by cellular proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, and §The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, and §The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Wentao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, and §The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yun Lei Tan
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, and §The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, and §The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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330
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Fuse S, Morita T, Johmoto K, Uekusa H, Tanaka H. Directing/Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Tetraaryl-Substituted Pyrazoles through Four Direct Arylations on an Unsubstituted Pyrazole Scaffold. Chemistry 2015; 21:14370-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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331
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Kolmakov K, Hebisch E, Wolfram T, Nordwig LA, Wurm CA, Ta H, Westphal V, Belov VN, Hell SW. Far-Red Emitting Fluorescent Dyes for Optical Nanoscopy: Fluorinated Silicon-Rhodamines (SiRF Dyes) and Phosphorylated Oxazines. Chemistry 2015; 21:13344-56. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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332
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Baranczak A, Liu Y, Connelly S, Du WGH, Greiner ER, Genereux JC, Wiseman RL, Eisele YS, Bradbury NC, Dong J, Noodleman L, Sharpless KB, Wilson IA, Encalada SE, Kelly JW. A fluorogenic aryl fluorosulfate for intraorganellar transthyretin imaging in living cells and in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7404-14. [PMID: 26051248 PMCID: PMC4472559 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorogenic probes, due to their often greater spatial and temporal sensitivity in comparison to permanently fluorescent small molecules, represent powerful tools to study protein localization and function in the context of living systems. Herein, we report fluorogenic probe 4, a 1,3,4-oxadiazole designed to bind selectively to transthyretin (TTR). Probe 4 comprises a fluorosulfate group not previously used in an environment-sensitive fluorophore. The fluorosulfate functional group does not react covalently with TTR on the time scale required for cellular imaging, but does red shift the emission maximum of probe 4 in comparison to its nonfluorosulfated analogue. We demonstrate that probe 4 is dark in aqueous buffers, whereas the TTR·4 complex exhibits a fluorescence emission maximum at 481 nm. The addition of probe 4 to living HEK293T cells allows efficient binding to and imaging of exogenous TTR within intracellular organelles, including the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, live Caenorhabditis elegans expressing human TTR transgenically and treated with probe 4 display TTR·4 fluorescence in macrophage-like coelomocytes. An analogue of fluorosulfate probe 4 does react selectively with TTR without labeling the remainder of the cellular proteome. Studies on this analogue suggest that certain aryl fluorosulfates, due to their cell and organelle permeability and activatable reactivity, could be considered for the development of protein-selective covalent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Baranczak
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Stephen Connelly
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Wen-Ge Han Du
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Erin R. Greiner
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Joseph C. Genereux
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Yvonne S. Eisele
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Nadine C. Bradbury
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Louis Noodleman
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - K. Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Sandra E. Encalada
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
| | - Jeffery W. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, USA
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333
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Neto BAD, Carvalho PHPR, Correa JR. Benzothiadiazole Derivatives as Fluorescence Imaging Probes: Beyond Classical Scaffolds. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1560-9. [PMID: 25978615 DOI: 10.1021/ar500468p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This Account describes the origins, features, importance, and trends of the use of fluorescent small-molecule 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD) derivatives as a new class of bioprobes applied to bioimaging analyses of several (live and fixed) cell types. BTDs have been successfully used as probes for a plethora of biological analyses for only a few years, and the impressive responses obtained by using this important class of heterocycle are fostering the development of new fluorescent BTDs and expanding the biological applications of such derivatives. The first use of a fluorescent small-molecule BTD derivative as a selective cellular probe dates back to 2010, and since then impressive advances have been described by us and others. The well-known limitations of classical scaffolds urged the development of new classes of bioprobes. Although great developments have been achieved by using classical scaffolds such as coumarins, BODIPYs, fluoresceins, rhodamines, cyanines, and phenoxazines, there is still much to be done, and BTDs aim to succeed where these dyes have shown their limitations. Important organelles and cell components such as nuclear DNA, mitochondria, lipid droplets, and others have already been successfully labeled by fluorescent small-molecule BTD derivatives. New technological systems that use BTDs as the fluorophores for bioimaging experiments have been described in recent scientific literature. The successful application of BTDs as selective bioprobes has led some groups to explore their potential for use in studying membrane pores or tumor cells under hypoxic conditions. Finally, BTDs have also been used as fluorescent tags to investigate the action mechanism of some antitumor compounds. The attractive photophysical data typically observed for π-extended BTD derivatives is fostering interest in the use of this new class of bioprobes. Large Stokes shifts, large molar extinction coefficients, high quantum yields, high stability when stored in solution or as pure solids, no fading even after long periods of irradiation, bright emissions with no blinking, good signal-to-noise ratios, efficiency to transpose the cell membrane, and irradiation preferentially in the visible-light region are just some features noted by using BTDs. As the pioneering group in the use of fluorescent small-molecule BTDs for bioimaging purposes, we feel pleased to share our experience, results, advances, and personal perspectives with the readers of this Account. The readers will clearly note the huge advantages of using fluorescent BTDs over classical scaffolds, and hopefully they will be inspired and motivated to further BTD technology in the fields of molecular and cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and
Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitario Darcy
Ribeiro, Brasilia 70904970, P.O. Box 4478, DF, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. P. R. Carvalho
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and
Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitario Darcy
Ribeiro, Brasilia 70904970, P.O. Box 4478, DF, Brazil
| | - Jose R. Correa
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and
Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitario Darcy
Ribeiro, Brasilia 70904970, P.O. Box 4478, DF, Brazil
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334
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Wirtz M, Grüter A, Rebmann P, Dier T, Volmer DA, Huch V, Jung G. Two-color emissive probes for click reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:12694-7. [PMID: 25200167 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05288a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cyclization (CuAAC) is the paradigmatic click reaction of continuous interest. Especially fluorogenic and FRET probes have become indispensable tools for life sciences. Here, we present a fluorescent alkyne for monitoring CuAAC, which undergoes a bathochromic shift upon reaction. Application in single-molecule and catalysis research is foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Wirtz
- Biophysical Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Building B2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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335
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Beppu T, Tomiguchi K, Masuhara A, Pu YJ, Katagiri H. Single Benzene Green Fluorophore: Solid-State Emissive, Water-Soluble, and Solvent- and pH-Independent Fluorescence with Large Stokes Shifts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7332-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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336
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Beppu T, Tomiguchi K, Masuhara A, Pu YJ, Katagiri H. Single Benzene Green Fluorophore: Solid-State Emissive, Water-Soluble, and Solvent- and pH-Independent Fluorescence with Large Stokes Shifts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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337
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Liu Z, Lavis L, Betzig E. Imaging Live-Cell Dynamics and Structure at the Single-Molecule Level. Mol Cell 2015; 58:644-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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338
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Lochner M, Thompson AJ. A review of fluorescent ligands for studying 5-HT3 receptors. Neuropharmacology 2015; 98:31-40. [PMID: 25892507 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of fluorescence is a valuable and increasingly accessible means of probing the pharmacology and physiology of cells and their receptors. To date, the use of fluorescence-based methods for 5-HT3 receptor research has been quite limited and, although a variety of approaches have been described, these are broadly distributed throughout the literature. In this review we condense these findings into a single, accessible source of reference with the hope of promoting the use of these valuable molecular probes. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Fluorescent Tools in Neuropharmacology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lochner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew J Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
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339
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Mathavan A, Ramdass A, Rajagopal S. Kinetic study of the oxovanadium(IV)–salen-catalyzed H2O2 oxidation of phenols. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-015-9924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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340
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Challenges and opportunities toward enabling phenotypic screening of complex and 3D cell models. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:513-25. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, organotypic cellular platforms are being recognized as useful tools in drug discovery. This review offers an industry-centric perspective on the benefits of emerging complex cell models over conventional 2D systems, as well as the challenges and opportunities for incorporating these multidimensional platforms into high-density formats. We particularly highlight the need for novel chemical sensors to noninvasively quantitate 3D structures in real time, and we contend that the use of more focused chemical and genomics libraries will enable screening of complex cell models derived from primary and induced pluripotent stem cells. Finally, we offer outlooks on several emerging technologies that show great potential for future integration of complex cell systems into contemporary drug screening.
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341
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Meinig JM, Peterson BR. Anticancer/antiviral agent Akt inhibitor-IV massively accumulates in mitochondria and potently disrupts cellular bioenergetics. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:570-6. [PMID: 25415586 PMCID: PMC4340353 DOI: 10.1021/cb500856c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Inhibitors
of the PI3-kinase/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway are
under investigation as anticancer and antiviral agents. Akt inhibitor-IV
(ChemBridge 5233705, CAS 681281-88-9, AKTIV), a small molecule reported
to inhibit this pathway, exhibits potent anticancer and broad-spectrum
antiviral activity. However, depending on concentration, this cationic
benzimidazole derivative exhibits paradoxical positive or negative
effects on the phosphorylation of Akt that are not well understood.
To elucidate its mechanism of action, we investigated its spectroscopic
properties. This compound proved to be sufficiently fluorescent (excitation
λmax = 388 nm, emission λmax = 460
nm) to enable examination of its uptake and distribution in living
mammalian cells. Despite a low quantum yield of 0.0016, imaging of
HeLa cells treated with AKTIV (1 μM, 5 min) by confocal laser
scanning microscopy, with excitation at 405 nm, revealed extensive
accumulation in mitochondria. Treatment of Jurkat lymphocytes with
1 μM AKTIV for 15 min caused accumulation to over 250 μM
in these organelles, whereas treatment with 5 μM AKTIV yielded
concentrations of over 1 mM in mitochondria, as analyzed by flow cytometry.
This massive loading resulted in swelling of these organelles, followed
by their apparent disintegration. These effects were associated with
profound disruption of cellular bioenergetics including mitochondrial
depolarization, diminished mitochondrial respiration, and release
of reactive oxygen species. Because mitochondria play key roles in
both cancer proliferation and viral replication, we conclude that
the anticancer and antiviral activities of AKTIV predominantly result
from its direct and immediate effects on the structure and function
of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Matthew Meinig
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Blake R. Peterson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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342
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Porterfield WB, Prescher JA. Tools for visualizing cell–cell ‘interactomes’. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 24:121-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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343
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344
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A general method to improve fluorophores for live-cell and single-molecule microscopy. Nat Methods 2015; 12:244-50, 3 p following 250. [PMID: 25599551 PMCID: PMC4344395 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 973] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Specific labeling of biomolecules with bright fluorophores is the keystone of fluorescence microscopy. Genetically encoded self-labeling tag proteins can be coupled to synthetic dyes inside living cells, resulting in brighter reporters than fluorescent proteins. Intracellular labeling using these techniques requires cell-permeable fluorescent ligands, however, limiting utility to a small number of classic fluorophores. Here, we describe a simple structural modification that improves the brightness and photostability of dyes while preserving spectral properties and cell permeability. Inspired by molecular modeling, we replaced the N,N-dimethylamino substituents in tetramethylrhodamine with four-membered azetidine rings. This addition of two carbon atoms doubles the quantum efficiency and improves the photon yield of the dye in applications ranging from in vitro single-molecule measurements to super-resolution imaging. The novel substitution is generalizable, yielding a palette of chemical dyes with improved quantum efficiencies that spans the UV and visible range.
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345
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Sreenath K, Yuan Z, Allen JR, Davidson MW, Zhu L. A fluorescent indicator for imaging lysosomal zinc(II) with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-enhanced photostability and a narrow band of emission. Chemistry 2015; 21:867-74. [PMID: 25382395 PMCID: PMC4294628 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a strategy to transfer the zinc(II) sensitivity of a fluoroionophore with low photostability and a broad emission band to a bright and photostable fluorophore with a narrow emission band. The two fluorophores are covalently connected to afford an intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) conjugate. The FRET donor in the conjugate is a zinc(II)-sensitive arylvinylbipyridyl fluoroionophore, the absorption and emission of which undergo bathochromic shifts upon zinc(II) coordination. When the FRET donor is excited, efficient intramolecular energy transfer occurs to result in the emission of the acceptor boron dipyrromethene (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene or BODIPY) as a function of zinc(II) concentration. The broad emission band of the donor/zinc(II) complex is transformed into the strong, narrow emission band of the BODIPY acceptor in the FRET conjugates, which can be captured within the narrow emission window that is preferred for multicolor imaging experiments. In addition to competing with other nonradiative decay processes of the FRET donor, the rapid intramolecular FRET of the excited FRET-conjugate molecule protects the donor fluorophore from photobleaching, thus enhancing the photostability of the indicator. FRET conjugates 3 and 4 contain aliphatic amino groups, which selectively target lysosomes in mammalian cells. This subcellular localization preference was verified by using confocal fluorescence microscopy, which also shows the zinc(II)-enhanced emission of 3 and 4 in lysosomes. It was further shown using two-color structured illumination microscopy (SIM), which is capable of extending the lateral resolution over the Abbe diffraction limit by a factor of two, that the morpholino-functionalized compound 4 localizes in the interior of lysosomes, rather than anchoring on the lysosomal membranes, of live HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesavapillai Sreenath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390 (USA)
| | - Zhao Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390 (USA)
| | - John R. Allen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310 (USA)
| | - Michael W. Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310 (USA)
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390 (USA)
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346
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Nani RR, Shaum JB, Gorka AP, Schnermann MJ. Electrophile-integrating Smiles rearrangement provides previously inaccessible C4'-O-alkyl heptamethine cyanine fluorophores. Org Lett 2015; 17:302-5. [PMID: 25562683 PMCID: PMC4301176 DOI: 10.1021/ol503398f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
![]()
New synthetic methods to rapidly
access useful fluorophores are
needed to advance modern molecular imaging techniques. A new variant
of the classical Smiles rearrangement is reported that enables the
efficient synthesis of previously inaccessible C4′-O-alkyl heptamethine cyanines. The key reaction involves N- to O- transposition with selective electrophile
incorporation on nitrogen. A representative fluorophore exhibits excellent
resistance to thiol nucleophiles, undergoes productive bioconjugation,
and can be used in near-IR fluorescence imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger R Nani
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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347
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Dias GG, Rodrigues BL, Resende JM, Calado HDR, de Simone CA, Silva VHC, Neto BAD, Goulart MOF, Ferreira FR, Meira AS, Pessoa C, Correa JR, da Silva Júnior EN. Selective endocytic trafficking in live cells with fluorescent naphthoxazoles and their boron complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9141-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02383a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Selective probes for endocytic pathway tracking in live cancer cells showed far better selectivity than acridine orange and caveolin-1.
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348
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Zhang G, Zheng S, Liu H, Chen PR. Illuminating biological processes through site-specific protein labeling. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3405-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review introduces strategies for site-specific protein labeling, and highlights its advantages in solving biological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences
| | - Siqi Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Haiping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Peng R. Chen
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences
- Beijing
- China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
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349
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Kitley WR, Santa Maria PJ, Cloyd RA, Wysocki LM. Synthesis of high contrast fluorescein-diethers for rapid bench-top sensing of palladium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8520-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02192h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescein diether palladium sensors with negligible background fluorescence and rapid reaction have been synthesized, detecting low concentrations in minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan A. Cloyd
- Department of Chemistry
- Wabash College
- Crawfordsville
- USA
| | - Laura M. Wysocki
- Department of Chemistry
- Wabash College
- Crawfordsville
- USA
- Janelia Research Campus
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350
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Richard JA. De novo synthesis of phenolic dihydroxanthene near-infrared emitting fluorophores. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:8169-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01223f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a flexiblede novosynthesis of phenolic dihydroxanthenes in 60–70% yield thanks to a one-pot cascade sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Alexandre Richard
- Organic Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138667
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