301
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Remarkable diversity of carbon–carbon bonds: structures and properties of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Struct Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-010-9670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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302
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Roubelakis MM, Vougioukalakis GC, Nye LC, Drewello T, Orfanopoulos M. Exploring the photoinduced electron transfer reactivity of aza[60]fullerene iminium cation. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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303
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Cycloaddition of diazoketones to [60]fullerene in the presence of the catalytic system Pd(acac)2—PPh3—Et3Al. Russ Chem Bull 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-010-0124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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304
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Zhang J, Yang D, Xiao Z, Gan L. The Chemistry of Open-cage Fullerene, Hydroxylamine Mediated Hole-closing and -opening Reactions. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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305
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Li FB, You X, Wang GW. Synthesis of Disubstituted [60]Fullerene-Fused Lactones: Ferric Perchlorate-Promoted Reaction of [60]Fullerene with Malonate Esters. Org Lett 2010; 12:4896-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102056k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Bao Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xun You
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
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306
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Li F, Zhu S, Wang G. Manganese(III) acetate-mediated radical reaction of [60]fullerene with bromoacetic acid, 3-chloropropionic acid or 1-naphthylacetic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-4016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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307
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Wang GW, Yang HT, Wu P, Wang CZ. Reaction of [70]Fullerene with Tetraethyl Methylenediphosphonate or Diethyl (Cyanomethyl)phosphonate Revisited. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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308
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309
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Roberti M, Natalini B, Andrisano V, Seraglia R, Gioiello A, Pellicciari R. Thermal and catalytic reactions of ethyl diazopyruvate with [60]fullerene. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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310
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Kawauchi T, Kitaura A, Kawauchi M, Takeichi T, Kumaki J, Iida H, Yashima E. Separation of C70 over C60 and Selective Extraction and Resolution of Higher Fullerenes by Syndiotactic Helical Poly(methyl methacrylate). J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:12191-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja104969a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kawauchi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan, Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitaura
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan, Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Mariko Kawauchi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan, Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeichi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan, Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Jiro Kumaki
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan, Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan, Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan, Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
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311
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Shoji Y, Tashiro K, Aida T. One-pot enantioselective extraction of chiral fullerene C76 using a cyclic host carrying an asymmetrically distorted, highly pi-basic porphyrin module. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5928-9. [PMID: 20373806 DOI: 10.1021/ja910701q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optical resolution of nonsubstituted chiral fullerenes such as C(76) is one of the most challenging subjects in host-guest chemistry. The novel cyclic host 1(2H), which bears a meso-diaryl-beta-octaethylporphyrin (P(2H)) unit on one side and its chiral N-2-acetoxyethyl derivative (P(N-EtOAc)) on the other, traps C(76) enantioselectively in its cavity and furnishes 7% enantiomeric excess in a single extraction. Control experiments using reference hosts indicated the importance of the high pi-basicity and large asymmetric distortion of the chiral N-substituted porphyrin unit (P(N-EtOAc)) in 1(2H) for the enantioselection of C(76).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shoji
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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312
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Li FB, Liu TX, You X, Wang GW. A Facile Access to [60]Fullerene-Fused 1,3-Dioxolanes: Reaction of [60]Fullerene with Aldehydes/Ketones Promoted by Ferric Perchlorate. Org Lett 2010; 12:3258-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101206u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Bao Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Xin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun You
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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313
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Tsuruoka R, Higashibayashi S, Ishikawa T, Toyota S, Sakurai H. Optical Resolution of Chiral Buckybowls by Chiral HPLC. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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314
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Yang D, Shi L, Huang H, Zhang J, Gan L. Synthesis and Reactivity of 2H-Pyran Moiety in [60]Fullerene Cage Skeleton. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4567-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100799x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liangbing Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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315
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Ortiz Mellet C, Benito J, García Fernández J. Preorganized, Macromolecular, Gene-Delivery Systems. Chemistry 2010; 16:6728-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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316
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Nebhani L, Barner-Kowollik C. Functionalization of Fullerenes with Cyclopentadienyl and Anthracenyl Capped Polymeric Building Blocks via Diels-Alder Chemistry. Macromol Rapid Commun 2010; 31:1298-305. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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317
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Fiehn T, Goddard R, Seidel R, Kubik S. A Cyclopeptide-Derived Molecular Cage for Sulfate Ions That Closes with a Click. Chemistry 2010; 16:7241-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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318
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Tuktarov AR, Korolev VV, Dzhemilev UM. Catalytic cycloaddition of diazoalkanes generated in situ to fullerene C60. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428010040251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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319
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Kung YH, Cheng YS, Tai CC, Liu WS, Shin CC, Ma CC, Tsai YC, Wu TC, Kuo MY, Wu YT. Synthesis, Structures, and Physical Properties of Benzo[k]fluoranthene-Based Linear Acenes. Chemistry 2010; 16:5909-19. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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320
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Lu X, Slanina Z, Akasaka T, Tsuchiya T, Mizorogi N, Nagase S. Yb@C2n (n = 40, 41, 42): New Fullerene Allotropes with Unexplored Electrochemical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5896-905. [DOI: 10.1021/ja101131e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lu
- Centre for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Zdenek Slanina
- Centre for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Centre for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Centre for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Naomi Mizorogi
- Centre for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Centre for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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321
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Yamada M, Rivera-Fuentes P, Schweizer W, Diederich F. Optische Stabilität axial-chiraler push-pull-substituierter Buta-1,3-diene: Effekt einer einzelnen Methylgruppe auf der Oberfläche von C60. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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322
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Sokolov VI, Bashilov VV, Abramova NV, Babievsky KK, Ginzburg AG. Circular dichroism of optically active organometallic derivatives of fullerenes C60 and C70. Russ Chem Bull 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-009-0056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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323
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Yamada M, Rivera-Fuentes P, Schweizer W, Diederich F. Optical Stability of Axially Chiral Push-Pull-Substituted Buta-1,3-dienes: Effect of a Single Methyl Group on the C60 Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:3532-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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324
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Diederich F, Kivala M. All-carbon scaffolds by rational design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:803-12. [PMID: 20217790 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200902623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The search for new molecular and regular polymeric allotropes of carbon has greatly stimulated the preparation and investigation of pi-conjugated acetylenic macrocycles, which often represent substructures of proposed 2D carbon networks. Perethynylated dehydroannulenes, expanded radialenes, and radiaannulenes with large, multi-nanometer-sized all-carbon cores are potent electron acceptors, and their optoelectronic as well as stability and solubility properties are greatly enhanced by peripheral donor substitution. Acetylenic scaffolding into three dimensions has generated an expanded cubane with a C(56) core, the first representative of a new class of "platonic" objects. Exceptional chiroptical properties displayed by enantiomerically pure alleno-acetylenic, shape-persistent macrocycles promise fascinating perspectives for the development of molecular and supramolecular chiroptical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich Hönggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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325
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Pierrat P, Réthoré C, Muller T, Bräse S. Di- and dodeca-Mitsunobu reactions on C60 derivatives: post-functionalization of fullerene mono- and hexakis-adducts. Chemistry 2010; 15:11458-60. [PMID: 19821469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Pierrat
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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326
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Yeh WY, Tsai KY. Complexation and C−H/C−P Bond Activation of the (PPh2)C60H Molecule on Triosmium Carbonyl Clusters. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om900914a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yann Yeh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Kune-You Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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327
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Kuvychko IV, Popov AA, Streletskii AV, Nye LC, Drewello T, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV. Dynamic HPLC study of C70 chlorination reveals a surprisingly selective synthesis of C70Cl8. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8204-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03134h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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328
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Chen C, Li X, Yang S. One-pot synthesis of new thio-derivatives of C60with the unexpected formation of a thiazolidine-fulleropyrrolidine. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00420c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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329
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Yang HT, Ruan XJ, Miao CB, Xi HT, Jiang Y, Meng Q, Sun XQ. Hetero-Diels–Alder reaction of [60]fullerene with nitrosoalkene. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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330
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Guryanov I, Toma FM, Montellanoâ
López A, Carraro M, Daâ
Ros T, Angelini G, D'Aurizio E, Fontana A, Maggini M, Prato M, Bonchio M. Microwave-Assisted Functionalization of Carbon Nanostructures in Ionic Liquids. Chemistry 2009; 15:12837-45. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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331
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Tao F, Bernasek SL, Xu GQ. Electronic and structural factors in modification and functionalization of clean and passivated semiconductor surfaces with aromatic systems. Chem Rev 2009; 109:3991-4024. [PMID: 19637925 DOI: 10.1021/cr8003532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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332
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Nambo M, Wakamiya A, Yamaguchi S, Itami K. Regioselective Unsymmetrical Tetraallylation of C60 through Palladium Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:15112-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9071173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Nambo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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333
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Spänig F, Ruppert M, Dannhäuser J, Hirsch A, Guldi DM. trans-2 addition pattern to power charge transfer in dendronized metalloporphyrin C60 conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:9378-88. [PMID: 19566102 DOI: 10.1021/ja9029686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coordinating different transition metals--manganese(III), iron(III), nickel(II), and copper(II)--by a dendronized porphyrin afforded a new family of redox-active metalloporphyrins to which C(60) was attached as a ground-state electron acceptor. Such a strategy introduced an additional center of redoxactivity, that is, a change of the oxidation state of the metal. Cyclic voltammetry and absorption/fluorescence measurements provided support for mutual interactions between the redox-active constituents in the ground state. In particular, slightly anodic shifted reduction potentials/cathodic shifted oxidation potentials and the occurrence of new charge transfer features in the 700-900 nm range prompt to sizable electronic coupling in the range of 300 cm(-1). Photophysical means--steady-state/time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption measurements--shed light on the excited-state interactions. To this end, we have added pulse radiolytic investigations to characterize the radical cation (i.e., metalloporphyrins) and radical anion (i.e., fullerene) characteristics. Pi-pi stacking of the excited state electron donor and the electron acceptor is key to overcome the intrinsically fast deactivation of the excited states in these metalloporphyrins and to power an exothermic charge transfer. The lifetimes of the rapidly and efficiently generated radical ion pair states, which range from 15 to >3000 ps, revealed several important trends. First, they were found to depend on the solvent polarity. Second, the nature of the transition metal plays a similarly decisive role. It is important that the product of charge recombination, namely tripmultiplet excited states versus ground state, had a great impact. Finally, a correlation between the charge transfer rate (i.e., charge separation and charge recombination) and the free energy change for the underlying reaction reveals a parabolic dependence with parameters of the reorganization energy (0.84 eV) and electronic coupling (70 cm(-1)) closely resembling that seen for the zinc(II) and free base analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Spänig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen Nurnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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334
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Li FB, Liu TX, Huang YS, Wang GW. Synthesis of Fullerene-Fused Lactones and Fullerenyl Esters: Radical Reaction of [60]Fullerene with Carboxylic Acids Promoted by Manganese(III) Acetate and Lead(IV) Acetate. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7743-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901028x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Bao Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong-Xin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Shun Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People’s Republic of China
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335
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Zhu B, Wang GW. Palladium-Catalyzed Heteroannulation of [60]Fullerene with Anilides via C−H Bond Activation. Org Lett 2009; 11:4334-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901675t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 73000, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 73000, P. R. China
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336
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Sokolov VI, Bashilov VV, Dolgushin FM, Abramova NV, Babievsky KK, Ginzburg AG, Petrovskii PV. Novel optically active organometallic derivatives of fullerenes with non-central types of chirality in addends: synthetic and CD studies. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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337
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Matsuo K, Matsuo Y, Iwashita A, Nakamura E. Synthesis of Imino[60]fullerenes Using Nitriles and Trimethylsilylmethyl Triflate. Org Lett 2009; 11:4192-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901851g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Nakamura Functional Carbon Cluster Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Nakamura Functional Carbon Cluster Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akihiko Iwashita
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Nakamura Functional Carbon Cluster Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Nakamura Functional Carbon Cluster Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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338
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Witte P, Hörmann F, Hirsch A. Large Di- and Heptafullerene Polyelectrolytes Composed of C60Building Blocks Having a Highly Symmetrical Hexakisaddition Pattern. Chemistry 2009; 15:7423-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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339
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Beuerle F, Hirsch A. Synthesis of Amphiphilic [60]Fullerene [3:3]Hexakisadducts with Four Spherically Defined Addend Zones. Chemistry 2009; 15:7447-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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340
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Tzirakis MD, Orfanopoulos M. Acyl radical reactions in fullerene chemistry: direct acylation of [60]fullerene through an efficient decatungstate-photomediated approach. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4063-9. [PMID: 19292491 DOI: 10.1021/ja808658b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A versatile and highly efficient photochemical methodology for the direct acylation of C(60) has been developed. This approach utilizes a wide variety of acyl radicals derived from aldehydes through a hydrogen atom abstraction process mediated by tetrabutylammonium decatungstate [(n-Bu(4)N)(4)W(10)O(32)]. The single addition reaction of these acyl radicals to [60]fullerene proceeded selectively to afford a novel class of previously unexplored fullerene-based materials. Product analysis of this reaction showed that decarbonylation and acylation pathways compete when a tertiary or phenylacetyl aldehyde is the starting material. However, a decrease of the reaction temperature was found to be effective in overcoming the decarbonylation encountered in certain acyl radical additions to C(60); the carbonyl radical addition precedes decarbonylation even in the cases where the decarbonylation rate constant exceeds 10(6) s(-1) (i.e., phenylacetaldehyde). The regiochemistry of the t-butyl radical addition was also found to be thermally controlled. The present methodology is directly applicable even in the cases of the cyclopropyl-substituted aldehydes, where rapid rearrangement of the cyclopropyl acyl radical intermediate can potentially occur. A mechanistic approach for this new reactivity of C(60) has been also provided, based mainly on intra- and intermolecular deuterium isotope effect studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis D Tzirakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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341
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Wang GW, Lu YM, Chen ZX, Wu SH. An Alternative Type of Fullerene Products from the Reaction of [60]Fullerene with Alkoxides and Subsequent Derivatization. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4841-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9005848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Xiu Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Hui Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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342
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Chen SY, Cheng RL, Tseng CK, Lin YS, Lai LH, Venkatachalam RK, Chen YC, Cheng CH, Chuang SC. Fullerene Derivatives Incorporating Phosphoramidous Ylide and Phosphoramidate: Synthesis and Property. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4866-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8026017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yuan Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Rai-Long Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Cheng-Kuo Tseng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Ya-Shiuan Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Li-Hsiang Lai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Rajesh Kumar Venkatachalam
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Chien-Hong Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
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343
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Zhu B, Wang GW. Synthesis of [60]Fulleroindolines: Palladium-Catalyzed Heteroannulations of [60]Fullerene with o-Iodoanilines. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4426-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900585u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People’s Republic of China
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344
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Osuna S, Swart M, Solà M. The Diels-Alder reaction on endohedral Y3N@C78: the importance of the fullerene strain energy. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:129-39. [PMID: 19143094 DOI: 10.1021/ja8048783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the Diels-Alder reaction of 1,3-butadiene with all nonequivalent bonds of Y3N@D3h-C78 at the BP86/TZP//BP86/DZP level of theory. The results obtained are compared with those extracted from a previous study on the free and Sc3N-endohedral C78 fullerene (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 6206-6214). Our study shows that the most stable regioisomer for the Y3N compound is obtained for the reaction over a corannulene-type [5,6] bond (d), which exhibits the longest bond distance (1.47 A) and a large pyramidalization angle. As far as we know, this is the first case of a cycloaddition reaction where the most stable addition is obtained over one of the longest C-C bonds in the cage. In contrast to Sc3N@D3h-C78, where bonds close to the scandium atoms were destabilized, this bond d has one of the yttrium atoms in close contact. This preference for reacting with those bonds situated close to the yttrium atoms is due to two different factors: first, the D3h cage is extremely deformed, especially in the areas situated close to the yttrium atoms (which contain the most reactive bond d), so the attack reduces the strain energy of the cage; second, in the final adduct, the Y3N cluster gets additional space to adopt a more planar configuration. Since it has been shown (J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111, 3363-3369) that the D3h isomer is not the most favorable isomer for endohedral Y3N@C78 (at variance with Sc3N@C78), we also studied the more favorable C2 isomer. The latter contains [5,5] bonds, which are shown to be the most reactive bonds for cycloaddition, in contrast to previous theoretical predictions (J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 46-54). This preference for [5,5] bonds is observed for the C2 isomers of both endohedral (Sc3N, Y3N) and free C78 fullerene and is dictated by the fullerene strain energy. We therefore expect that the Diels-Alder reaction on other endohedral metallofullerenes that have already been synthesized (e.g., Tm3N@C2-C78, Dy3N@C2-C78) might lead to the same [5,5] adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Osuna
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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345
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Sabirov DS, Bulgakov RG, Khursan SL, Dzhemilev UM. A new approach to the estimation of the fullerene reactivity in 1,3-dipolar addition based on polarizability indices. DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012501609030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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346
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Pulikkathara MX, Khabashesku VN. Covalent sidewall functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes by amino acids. Russ Chem Bull 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-008-0134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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347
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Yang C, Cho S, Heeger A, Wudl F. Heteroanalogues of PCBM: N-Bridged Imino-PCBMs for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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348
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Pierrat P, Vanderheiden S, Muller T, Bräse S. Functionalization of hexakis methanofullerene malonate crown-ethers: promising octahedral building blocks for molecular networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1748-50. [PMID: 19294283 DOI: 10.1039/b900367c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hexaazido and hexaiodo macrocyclic methanofullerenes undergo high-yielding sixfold click reactions or sixfold Heck, Sonogashira and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, respectively, to yield all organic building blocks for higher molecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Pierrat
- Institut für organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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349
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Ishibashi K, Tsue H, Takahashi H, Tamura R. Azacalix[4]arene tetramethyl ether with inherent chirality generated by substitution on the nitrogen bridges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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350
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Schein S. Architecture of clathrin fullerene cages reflects a geometric constraint--the head-to-tail exclusion rule--and a preference for asymmetry. J Mol Biol 2009; 387:363-75. [PMID: 19356592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2008] [Revised: 12/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene cages have n trivalent vertices, 12 pentagonal faces, and (n-20)/2 hexagonal faces. The smallest cage in which all of the pentagons are surrounded by hexagons and thus isolated from each other has 60 vertices and is shaped like a soccer ball. The protein clathrin self-assembles into fullerene cages of a variety of sizes and shapes, including smaller ones with adjacent pentagons as well as larger ones, but the variety is limited. To explain the range of clathrin architecture and how these fullerene cages self-assemble, we proposed a hypothesis, the "head-to-tail exclusion rule" (the "Rule"). Of the 5769 small clathrin cage isomers with n< or =60 vertices and adjacent pentagons, the Rule permits just 15, three identified in 1976 and 12 others. A "weak version" of the Rule permits another 99. Based on cryo-electron tomography, Cheng et al. reported six raw clathrin fullerene cages. One was among the three identified in 1976. Here, (1) we identify the remaining five. (2) Four are new and are among the 12 others permitted by the Rule. (3) One, also new, is among the 99 weak version cages. (4) Of particular note, none of the remaining 5565 excluded cages has been identified. These findings provide powerful experimental confirmation of the Rule and the principle on which it is based. (5) Surprisingly, the newly identified clathrin cages are among the least symmetric of those permitted. (6) By devising a method for counting assembly paths, (7) we show that asymmetric cages can be assembled by larger numbers of paths, thus providing a kinetic explanation for the prevalence of asymmetric cages. (8) Finally, we show that operation during cage growth of the Rule greatly increases the likelihood of producing a closed fullerene cage, specifically one of those permitted, but efficient assembly still appears to require internal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan Schein
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7151, USA.
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