301
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Nishihara H. Transposable elements as genetic accelerators of evolution: contribution to genome size, gene regulatory network rewiring and morphological innovation. Genes Genet Syst 2020; 94:269-281. [PMID: 31932541 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.19-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current era, as a growing number of genome sequence assemblies have been reported in animals, an in-depth analysis of transposable elements (TEs) is one of the most fundamental and essential studies for evolutionary genomics. Although TEs have, in general, been regarded as non-functional junk/selfish DNA, parasitic elements or harmful mutagens, studies have revealed that TEs have had a substantial and sometimes beneficial impact on host genomes in several ways. First, TEs are themselves diverse and thus provide lineage-specific characteristics to the genomes. Second, because TEs constitute a substantial fraction of animal genomes, they are a major contributing factor to evolutionary changes in genome size and composition. Third, host organisms have co-opted many repetitive sequences as genes, cis-regulatory elements and chromatin domain boundaries, which alter gene regulatory networks and in addition are partly involved in morphological evolution, as has been well documented in mammals. Here, I review the impact of TEs on various aspects of the genome, such as genome size and diversity in animals, as well as the evolution of gene networks and genome architecture in mammals. Given that a number of TE families probably remain to be discovered in many non-model organisms, unknown TEs may have contributed to gene networks in a much wider variety of animals than considered previously.
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302
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Zhang C, Chen Z, Yin Q, Fu X, Li Y, Stopka T, Skoultchi AI, Zhang Y. The chromatin remodeler Snf2h is essential for oocyte meiotic cell cycle progression. Genes Dev 2020; 34:166-178. [PMID: 31919188 PMCID: PMC7000916 DOI: 10.1101/gad.331157.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Zhang et al. set out to describe the molecular mechanisms underlying meiotic chromatin remodeling and meiotic resumption during oocyte development. Using a combination of in vivo and genomic approaches, the authors demonstrate that Snf2h, the catalytic subunit of ISWI family complexes, is critical in driving meiotic progression and acts by regulating the expression of genes important for maturation-promoting factor (MPF) activation. Oocytes are indispensable for mammalian life. Thus, it is important to understand how mature oocytes are generated. As a critical stage of oocytes development, meiosis has been extensively studied, yet how chromatin remodeling contributes to this process is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor Snf2h (also known as Smarca5) plays a critical role in regulating meiotic cell cycle progression. Females with oocyte-specific depletion of Snf2h are infertile and oocytes lacking Snf2h fail to undergo meiotic resumption. Mechanistically, depletion of Snf2h results in dysregulation of meiosis-related genes, which causes failure of maturation-promoting factor (MPF) activation. ATAC-seq analysis in oocytes revealed that Snf2h regulates transcription of key meiotic genes, such as Prkar2b, by increasing its promoter chromatin accessibility. Thus, our studies not only demonstrate the importance of Snf2h in oocyte meiotic resumption, but also reveal the mechanism underlying how a chromatin remodeling factor can regulate oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Qiangzong Yin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xudong Fu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yisi Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tomas Stopka
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Arthur I Skoultchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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303
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Wen L, Liu Q, Xu J, Liu X, Shi C, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Xu H, Liu J, Yang H, Huang H, Qiao J, Tang F, Chen ZJ. Recent advances in mammalian reproductive biology. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:18-58. [PMID: 31813094 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive biology is a uniquely important topic since it is about germ cells, which are central for transmitting genetic information from generation to generation. In this review, we discuss recent advances in mammalian germ cell development, including preimplantation development, fetal germ cell development and postnatal development of oocytes and sperm. We also discuss the etiologies of female and male infertility and describe the emerging technologies for studying reproductive biology such as gene editing and single-cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Third Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Third Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xixi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Third Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chaoyi Shi
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zuwei Yang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yili Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hong Xu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Hefeng Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Third Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Third Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250021, China.
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304
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Epigenomic analysis of gastrulation identifies a unique chromatin state for primed pluripotency. Nat Genet 2019; 52:95-105. [PMID: 31844322 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Around implantation, the epiblast (Epi) transits from naïve to primed pluripotency, before giving rise to the three germ layers. How chromatin is reconfigured during this developmental window remains poorly understood. We performed a genome-wide investigation of chromatin landscapes during this period. We find that enhancers in ectoderm are already pre-accessible in embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5) Epi when cells enter a primed pluripotent state. Unexpectedly, strong trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) emerges at developmental gene promoters in E6.5 Epi and positively correlates with H3K27me3, thus establishing bivalency. These genes also show enhanced spatial interactions. Both the strong bivalency and spatial clustering are virtually absent in preimplantation embryos and are markedly reduced in fate-committed lineages. Finally, we show that KMT2B is essential for establishing bivalent H3K4me3 at E6.5 but becomes partially dispensable later. Its deficiency leads to impaired activation of developmental genes and subsequent embryonic lethality. Thus, our data characterize lineage-specific chromatin reconfiguration and a unique chromatin state for primed pluripotency.
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305
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Abstract
DNA methylation at the 5-position of cytosine (5mC) plays vital roles in mammalian development. DNA methylation is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and the two DNMT families, DNMT3 and DNMT1, are responsible for methylation establishment and maintenance, respectively. Since their discovery, biochemical and structural studies have revealed the key mechanisms underlying how DNMTs catalyze de novo and maintenance DNA methylation. In particular, recent development of low-input genomic and epigenomic technologies has deepened our understanding of DNA methylation regulation in germ lines and early stage embryos. In this review, we first describe the methylation machinery including the DNMTs and their essential cofactors. We then discuss how DNMTs are recruited to or excluded from certain genomic elements. Lastly, we summarize recent understanding of the regulation of DNA methylation dynamics in mammalian germ lines and early embryos with a focus on both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; , .,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; , .,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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306
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Blanco E, González-Ramírez M, Alcaine-Colet A, Aranda S, Di Croce L. The Bivalent Genome: Characterization, Structure, and Regulation. Trends Genet 2019; 36:118-131. [PMID: 31818514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An intricate molecular machinery is at the core of gene expression regulation in every cell. During the initial stages of organismal development, the coordinated activation of diverse transcriptional programs is crucial and must be carefully executed to shape every organ and tissue. Bivalent promoters and poised enhancers are regulatory regions decorated with histone marks that are associated with both positive and negative transcriptional outcomes. These apparently contradictory signals are important for setting bivalent genes in a poised state, which is subsequently resolved during differentiation into either active or repressive states. We discuss the origins of bivalent promoters and the mechanisms implicated in their acquisition and maintenance. We further review how the presence of bivalent marks influences genome architecture. Finally, we highlight the potential link between bivalency and cancer which could drive biomedical research in disease etiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Blanco
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer del Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar González-Ramírez
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer del Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Alcaine-Colet
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer del Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Aranda
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer del Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Di Croce
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer del Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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307
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Legoff L, D’Cruz SC, Tevosian S, Primig M, Smagulova F. Transgenerational Inheritance of Environmentally Induced Epigenetic Alterations during Mammalian Development. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121559. [PMID: 31816913 PMCID: PMC6953051 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies traditionally focus on DNA as the molecule that passes information on from parents to their offspring. Changes in the DNA code alter heritable information and can more or less severely affect the progeny's phenotype. While the idea that information can be inherited between generations independently of the DNA's nucleotide sequence is not new, the outcome of recent studies provides a mechanistic foundation for the concept. In this review, we attempt to summarize our current knowledge about the transgenerational inheritance of environmentally induced epigenetic changes. We focus primarily on studies using mice but refer to other species to illustrate salient points. Some studies support the notion that there is a somatic component within the phenomenon of epigenetic inheritance. However, here, we will mostly focus on gamete-based processes and the primary molecular mechanisms that are thought to contribute to epigenetic inheritance: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Most of the rodent studies published in the literature suggest that transgenerational epigenetic inheritance through gametes can be modulated by environmental factors. Modification and redistribution of chromatin proteins in gametes is one of the major routes for transmitting epigenetic information from parents to the offspring. Our recent studies provide additional specific cues for this concept and help better understand environmental exposure influences fitness and fidelity in the germline. In summary, environmental cues can induce parental alterations and affect the phenotypes of offspring through gametic epigenetic inheritance. Consequently, epigenetic factors and their heritability should be considered during disease risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Legoff
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France; (L.L.); (S.C.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Shereen Cynthia D’Cruz
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France; (L.L.); (S.C.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Sergei Tevosian
- University of Florida, Department of Physiological Sciences Box 100144, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Michael Primig
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France; (L.L.); (S.C.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Fatima Smagulova
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France; (L.L.); (S.C.D.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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308
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Chen Z, Yin Q, Inoue A, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Allelic H3K27me3 to allelic DNA methylation switch maintains noncanonical imprinting in extraembryonic cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaay7246. [PMID: 32064321 PMCID: PMC6989337 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay7246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Faithful maintenance of genomic imprinting is essential for mammalian development. While germline DNA methylation-dependent (canonical) imprinting is relatively stable during development, the recently found oocyte-derived H3K27me3-mediated noncanonical imprinting is mostly transient in early embryos, with some genes important for placental development maintaining imprinted expression in the extraembryonic lineage. How these noncanonical imprinted genes maintain their extraembryonic-specific imprinting is unknown. Here, we report that maintenance of noncanonical imprinting requires maternal allele-specific de novo DNA methylation [i.e., somatic differentially methylated regions (DMRs)] at implantation. The somatic DMRs are located at the gene promoters, with paternal allele-specific H3K4me3 established during preimplantation development. Genetic manipulation revealed that both maternal EED and zygotic DNMT3A/3B are required for establishing somatic DMRs and maintaining noncanonical imprinting. Thus, our study not only reveals the mechanism underlying noncanonical imprinting maintenance but also sheds light on how histone modifications in oocytes may shape somatic DMRs in postimplantation embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qiangzong Yin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Azusa Inoue
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding author.
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309
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Kong S, Zhou C, Bao H, Ni Z, Liu M, He B, Huang L, Sun Y, Wang H, Lu J. Epigenetic control of embryo-uterine crosstalk at peri-implantation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4813-4828. [PMID: 31352535 PMCID: PMC11105790 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Embryo implantation is one of the pivotal steps during mammalian pregnancy, since the quality of embryo implantation determines the outcome of ongoing pregnancy and fetal development. A large number of factors, including transcription factors, signalling transduction components, and lipids, have been shown to be indispensable for embryo implantation. Increasing evidence also suggests the important roles of epigenetic factors in this critical event. This review focuses on recent findings about the involvement of epigenetic regulators during embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangbo Kong
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Haili Bao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangli Ni
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Huang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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310
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Lee PC, Comizzoli P. Desiccation and supra-zero temperature storage of cat germinal vesicles lead to less structural damage and similar epigenetic alterations compared to cryopreservation. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1822-1831. [PMID: 31549479 PMCID: PMC7386781 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding cellular and molecular damages in oocytes during exposure to extreme conditions is essential to optimize long-term fertility preservation approaches. Using the domestic cat (Felis catus) model, we are developing drying techniques for oocytes' germinal vesicles (GVs) as a more economical alternative to cryopreservation. The objective of the study was to characterize the influence of desiccation on nuclear envelope conformation, chromatin configuration, and the relative fluorescent intensities of histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and at lysine 9 (H3K9me3) compared to vitrification. Results showed that higher proportions of dried/rehydrated GVs maintained normal nuclear envelope conformation and chromatin configuration than vitrified/warmed counterparts. Both preservation methods had a similar influence on epigenetic patterns, lowering H3K4me3 intensity to under 40% while maintaining H3K9me3 levels. Further analysis revealed that the decrease of H3K4me3 intensity mainly occurred during microwave dehydration and subsequent rehydration, whereas sample processing (permeabilization and trehalose exposure) or storage did not significantly affect the epigenetic marker. Moreover, rehydration either directly or stepwise with trehalose solutions did not influence the outcome. This is the first report demonstrating that the incidence of GV damages is lower after desiccation/rehydration than vitrification/warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chih Lee
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C., Columbia
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C., Columbia
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311
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Klein DC, Hainer SJ. Genomic methods in profiling DNA accessibility and factor localization. Chromosome Res 2019; 28:69-85. [PMID: 31776829 PMCID: PMC7125251 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-019-09619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing technologies and accompanying reductions in cost have led to an explosion of techniques to examine DNA accessibility and protein localization on chromatin genome-wide. Generally, accessible regions of chromatin are permissive for factor binding and are therefore hotspots for regulation of gene expression; conversely, genomic regions that are highly occupied by histone proteins are not permissive for factor binding and are less likely to be active regulatory regions. Identifying regions of differential accessibility can be useful to uncover putative gene regulatory regions, such as enhancers, promoters, and insulators. In addition, DNA-binding proteins, such as transcription factors that preferentially bind certain DNA sequences and histone proteins that form the core of the nucleosome, play essential roles in all DNA-templated processes. Determining the genomic localization of chromatin-bound proteins is therefore essential in determining functional roles, sequence motifs important for factor binding, and regulatory networks controlling gene expression. In this review, we discuss techniques for determining DNA accessibility and nucleosome positioning (DNase-seq, FAIRE-seq, MNase-seq, and ATAC-seq) and techniques for detecting and functionally characterizing chromatin-bound proteins (ChIP-seq, DamID, and CUT&RUN). These methods have been optimized to varying degrees of resolution, specificity, and ease of use. Here, we outline some advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, their general protocols, and a brief discussion of their development. Together, these complimentary approaches have provided an unparalleled view of chromatin architecture and functional gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Klein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Sarah J Hainer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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312
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Org T, Hensen K, Kreevan R, Mark E, Sarv O, Andreson R, Jaakma Ü, Salumets A, Kurg A. Genome-wide histone modification profiling of inner cell mass and trophectoderm of bovine blastocysts by RAT-ChIP. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225801. [PMID: 31765427 PMCID: PMC6876874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) has revolutionized our understanding of chromatin-related biological processes. The method, however, requires thousands of cells and has therefore limited applications in situations where cell numbers are limited. Here we describe a novel method called Restriction Assisted Tagmentation Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (RAT-ChIP) that enables global histone modification profiling from as few as 100 cells. The method is simple, cost-effective and takes a single day to complete. We demonstrate the sensitivity of the method by deriving the first genome-wide maps of histone H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modifications of inner cell mass and trophectoderm of bovine blastocyst stage embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tõnis Org
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kati Hensen
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rita Kreevan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elina Mark
- Chair of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olav Sarv
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reidar Andreson
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülle Jaakma
- Chair of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ants Kurg
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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313
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Yao C, Zhang W, Shuai L. The first cell fate decision in pre-implantation mouse embryos. CELL REGENERATION 2019; 8:51-57. [PMID: 31844518 PMCID: PMC6895705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cr.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization happens when sperm and oocytes meet, which is a complicated process involving many important types of biological activation. Beginning in the 2-cell stage, an important event referred to as zygotic genome activation (ZGA) occurs, which governs the subsequent development of the embryo. In ZGA, multiple epigenetic modifications are involved and critical for pre-implantation development. These changes occur after ZGA, resulting in blastomeres segregate into two different lineages. Some blastomeres develop into the inner cell mass (ICM), and others develop into the trophectoderm (TE), which is considered the first cell fate decision. How this process is initiated and the exact molecular mechanisms involved are fascinating questions that remain to be answered. In this review, we introduce some possible developmental models of the first cell fate decision and discuss the signalling pathways and transcriptional networks regulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
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314
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Hanna CW, Pérez-Palacios R, Gahurova L, Schubert M, Krueger F, Biggins L, Andrews S, Colomé-Tatché M, Bourc’his D, Dean W, Kelsey G. Endogenous retroviral insertions drive non-canonical imprinting in extra-embryonic tissues. Genome Biol 2019; 20:225. [PMID: 31665063 PMCID: PMC6819472 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that allows a subset of genes to be expressed mono-allelically based on the parent of origin and is typically regulated by differential DNA methylation inherited from gametes. Imprinting is pervasive in murine extra-embryonic lineages, and uniquely, the imprinting of several genes has been found to be conferred non-canonically through maternally inherited repressive histone modification H3K27me3. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of non-canonical imprinting in post-implantation development remain unexplored. RESULTS We identify imprinted regions in post-implantation epiblast and extra-embryonic ectoderm (ExE) by assaying allelic histone modifications (H3K4me3, H3K36me3, H3K27me3), gene expression, and DNA methylation in reciprocal C57BL/6 and CAST hybrid embryos. We distinguish loci with DNA methylation-dependent (canonical) and independent (non-canonical) imprinting by assaying hybrid embryos with ablated maternally inherited DNA methylation. We find that non-canonical imprints are localized to endogenous retrovirus-K (ERVK) long terminal repeats (LTRs), which act as imprinted promoters specifically in extra-embryonic lineages. Transcribed ERVK LTRs are CpG-rich and located in close proximity to gene promoters, and imprinting status is determined by their epigenetic patterning in the oocyte. Finally, we show that oocyte-derived H3K27me3 associated with non-canonical imprints is not maintained beyond pre-implantation development at these elements and is replaced by secondary imprinted DNA methylation on the maternal allele in post-implantation ExE, while being completely silenced by bi-allelic DNA methylation in the epiblast. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals distinct epigenetic mechanisms regulating non-canonical imprinted gene expression between embryonic and extra-embryonic development and identifies an integral role for ERVK LTR repetitive elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney W. Hanna
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Lenka Gahurova
- University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, ASCR, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Schubert
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Maria Colomé-Tatché
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Wendy Dean
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Present Address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Gavin Kelsey
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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315
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yin J, Gao Y, Li Y, Bai D, He W, Li X, Zhang P, Li R, Zhang L, Jia Y, Zhang Y, Lin J, Zheng Y, Wang H, Gao S, Zeng W, Liu W. Distinct H3K9me3 and DNA methylation modifications during mouse spermatogenesis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18714-18725. [PMID: 31662436 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone modifications critically regulate the expression of many genes and repeat regions during spermatogenesis. However, the molecular details of these processes in male germ cells remain to be addressed. Here, using isolated murine sperm cells, ultra-low-input native ChIP-Seq (ULI-NChIP-Seq), and whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), we investigated genome-wide DNA methylation patterns and histone 3 Lys-9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) modifications during mouse spermatogenesis. We found that DNA methylation and H3K9me3 have distinct sequence preferences and dynamics in promoters and repeat elements during spermatogenesis. H3K9me3 modifications in histones at gene promoters were highly enriched in round spermatids. H3K9me3 modification on long terminal repeats (LTRs) and long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) was involved in silencing active transcription from these regions in conjunction with reestablishment of DNA methylation. Furthermore, H3K9me3 remodeling on the X chromosome was involved in meiotic sex chromosome inactivation and in partial transcriptional reactivation of sex chromosomes in spermatids. Our findings also revealed the DNA methylation patterns and H3K9me3 modification profiles of paternal and maternal germline imprinting control regions (gICRs) during spermatogenesis. Taken together, our results provide a genome-wide map of H3K9me3 modifications during mouse spermatogenesis that may be helpful for understanding male reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiqing Yin
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yawei Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanhe Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dandan Bai
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenteng He
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xueliang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rongnan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lingkai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanping Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiaming Lin
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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316
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Fusco S, Spinelli M, Cocco S, Ripoli C, Mastrodonato A, Natale F, Rinaudo M, Livrizzi G, Grassi C. Maternal insulin resistance multigenerationally impairs synaptic plasticity and memory via gametic mechanisms. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4799. [PMID: 31641124 PMCID: PMC6805915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases harm brain health and cognitive functions, but whether maternal metabolic unbalance may affect brain plasticity of next generations is still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that maternal high fat diet (HFD)-dependent insulin resistance multigenerationally impairs synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. HFD downregulates BDNF and insulin signaling in maternal tissues and epigenetically inhibits BDNF expression in both germline and hippocampus of progeny. Notably, exposure of the HFD offspring to novel enriched environment restores Bdnf epigenetic activation in the male germline and counteracts the transmission of cognitive impairment to the next generations. BDNF administration to HFD-fed mothers or preserved insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed p66Shc KO mice also prevents the intergenerational transmission of brain damage to the progeny. Collectively, our data suggest that maternal diet multigenerationally impacts on descendants' brain health via gametic mechanisms susceptible to lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fusco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy. .,Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Spinelli
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cocco
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Ripoli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Mastrodonato
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Natale
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rinaudo
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Livrizzi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy. .,Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy.
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317
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Wang Y, Xie Y, Li L, He Y, Zheng D, Yu P, Yu L, Tang L, Wang Y, Wang Z. EZH2 RIP-seq Identifies Tissue-specific Long Non-coding RNAs. Curr Gene Ther 2019; 18:275-285. [PMID: 30295189 PMCID: PMC6249712 DOI: 10.2174/1566523218666181008125010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) catalyzes histone methylation at H3 Lys27, and plays crucial roles during development and diseases in numerous systems. Its catalytic sub-unit EZH2 represents a key nuclear target for long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that emerging to be a novel class of epigenetic regulator and participate in diverse cellular processes. LncRNAs are character-ized by high tissue-specificity; however, little is known about the tissue profile of the EZH2-interacting lncRNAs. Objective: Here we performed a global screening for EZH2-binding lncRNAs in tissues including brain, lung, heart, liver, kidney, intestine, spleen, testis, muscle and blood by combining RNA immuno-precipitation and RNA sequencing. We identified 1328 EZH2-binding lncRNAs, among which 470 were shared in at least two tissues while 858 were only detected in single tissue. An RNA motif with specific secondary structure was identified in a number of lncRNAs, albeit not in all EZH2-binding lncRNAs. The EZH2-binding lncRNAs fell into four categories including intergenic lncRNA, antisense lncRNA, intron-related lncRNA and promoter-related lncRNA, suggesting diverse regulations of both cis and trans-mechanisms. A promoter-related lncRNA Hnf1aos1 bound to EZH2 specifically in the liver, a feature same as its paired coding gene Hnf1a, further confirming the validity of our study. In ad-dition to the well known EZH2-binding lncRNAs like Kcnq1ot1, Gas5, Meg3, Hotair and Malat1, ma-jority of the lncRNAs were firstly reported to be associated with EZH2. Conclusion: Our findings provide a profiling view of the EZH2-interacting lncRNAs across different tissues, and suggest critical roles of lncRNAs during cell differentiation and maturation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yinping Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Cardiology, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Cardiology, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Di Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Pengcheng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lixu Tang
- Wushu College, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Physiology and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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318
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Mei Q, Xu C, Gogol M, Tang J, Chen W, Yu X, Workman JL, Li S. Set1-catalyzed H3K4 trimethylation antagonizes the HIR/Asf1/Rtt106 repressor complex to promote histone gene expression and chronological life span. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:3434-3449. [PMID: 30759223 PMCID: PMC6468302 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for many prevalent diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating aging at the cellular level are largely unknown. Using single cell yeast as a model organism, we found that reducing yeast histone proteins accelerates chronological aging and increasing histone supply extends chronological life span. We sought to identify pathways that regulate chronological life span by controlling intracellular histone levels. Thus, we screened the histone H3/H4 mutant library to uncover histone residues and posttranslational modifications that regulate histone gene expression. We discovered 15 substitution mutations with reduced histone proteins and 5 mutations with increased histone proteins. Among these mutations, we found Set1 complex-catalyzed H3K4me3 promotes histone gene transcription and maintains normal chronological life span. Unlike the canonical functions of H3K4me3 in gene expression, H3K4me3 facilitates histone gene transcription by acting as a boundary to restrict the spread of the repressive HIR/Asf1/Rtt106 complex from histone gene promoters. Collectively, our study identified a novel mechanism by which H3K4me3 antagonizes the HIR/Asf1/Rtt106 repressor complex to promote histone gene expression and extend chronological life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Madelaine Gogol
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Wanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Xilan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Jerry L Workman
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
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319
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Wen L, Tang F. Human Germline Cell Development: from the Perspective of Single-Cell Sequencing. Mol Cell 2019; 76:320-328. [PMID: 31563431 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Germline cells are the beginning of new individuals in multicellular animals, including humans. Our understanding of these cell types is limited by the difficulty of analyzing the precious and heterogeneous germline tissue samples. The rapid development of single-cell sequencing technologies provides a chance for comprehensive profiling of the omics dynamics of human germline development. In this review, we discuss progress in analyzing the development of human germline cells, including preimplantation and implantation embryos, fetal germ cells (FGCs), and adult spermatogenesis by single-cell transcriptome and epigenome sequencing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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320
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Fosslie M, Manaf A, Lerdrup M, Hansen K, Gilfillan GD, Dahl JA. Going low to reach high: Small-scale ChIP-seq maps new terrain. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 12:e1465. [PMID: 31478357 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) enables mapping of specific histone modifications or chromatin-associated factors in the genome and represents a powerful tool in the study of chromatin and genome regulation. Importantly, recent technological advances that couple ChIP with whole-genome high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) now allow the mapping of chromatin factors throughout the genome. However, the requirement for large amounts of ChIP-seq input material has long made it challenging to assess chromatin profiles of cell types only available in limited numbers. For many cell types, it is not feasible to reach high numbers when collecting them as homogeneous cell populations in vivo. Nonetheless, it is an advantage to work with pure cell populations to reach robust biological conclusions. Here, we review (a) how ChIP protocols have been scaled down for use with as little as a few hundred cells; (b) which considerations to be aware of when preparing small-scale ChIP-seq and analyzing data; and (c) the potential of small-scale ChIP-seq datasets for elucidating chromatin dynamics in various biological systems, including some examples such as oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development. This article is categorized under: Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease Biological Mechanisms > Cell Fates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adeel Manaf
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mads Lerdrup
- The Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Hansen
- The Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregor D Gilfillan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Arne Dahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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321
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Li Y, Sun D, Sun W, Yin D. Retracted: Ras-PI3K-AKT signaling promotes the occurrence and development of uveal melanoma by downregulating H3K56ac expression. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16032-16042. [PMID: 30770562 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma (UM) is an intraocular malignant tumor characterized by rapid progression and recurrence. The current conventional treatments are unsatisfactory. Histone acetylation at H3 lysine 56 (H3K56ac) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. However, whether H3K56ac prevents the occurrence and development of UM remains uninvestigated. The study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of H3K56ac on Ras-PI3K-AKT induced UM cells proliferation and migration. METHODS The vectors of pEGFP-RasWT , pEGFP-K-Ras G12V/Y40C , and pEGFP-N1 were transfected into MP46 cells, and protein levels of phosphorylated AKT Ser473 and H3K56ac were examined using western blot analysis. The effect of H3K56ac on cell proliferation and migration were studied using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, colony formation, and Transwell assays. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to determine the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) downstream genes. Further, the regulatory effects of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1), general control nonderepressible 5 (GCN5), and mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) on Ras-PI3K-AKT affected H3K56ac expression were also investigated. RESULTS H3K56ac expression was specifically downregulated by Ras-PI3K-AKT activation pathway. H3K56ac inhibited the tumorigenic effect of Ras-PI3K-AKT on MP46 cells viability, colony formation, and migration, as well as participated in regulating the transcription of PI3K/AKT downstream genes. SIRT1 silence recovered H3K56ac expression, and reversed the tumorigenic effect of Ras-PI3K-AKT activation on MP46 cells. Downregulation of H3K56ac induced by Ras-PI3K-AKT activation was found to be associated with MDM2-mediated the degradation of GCN5. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that Ras-PI3K-AKT signaling promoted UM cells proliferation and migration via downregulation of H3K56ac expression, which might be related to MDM2-mediated the degradation of GCN5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dajun Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weixuan Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dexin Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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322
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Tang F, Yan L, Qiao J. Epigenetic Regulation and Risk Factors During the Development of Human Gametes and Early Embryos. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2019; 20:21-40. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-015143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Drastic epigenetic reprogramming occurs during human gametogenesis and early embryo development. Advances in low-input and single-cell epigenetic techniques have provided powerful tools to dissect the genome-wide dynamics of different epigenetic molecular layers in these processes. In this review, we focus mainly on the most recent progress in understanding the dynamics of DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, and histone modifications in human gametogenesis and early embryo development. Deficiencies in remodeling of the epigenomes can cause severe developmental defects, infertility, and long-term health issues in offspring. Aspects of the external environment, including assisted reproductive technology procedures, parental diets, and unhealthy parental habits, may disturb the epigenetic reprogramming processes and lead to an aberrant epigenome in the offspring. Here, we review the current knowledge of the potential risk factors of aberrant epigenomes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China;, , ,
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China;, , ,
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China;, , ,
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China;, , ,
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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323
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Germ cell-mediated mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 97:116-122. [PMID: 31404658 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that lifestyle and other environmental factors have the potential to shape our own health and future. Research from the last two decades, however, provides mounting evidence that parental exposures or experiences such as dietary challenges, toxin exposure, or stress can impact the health and future of our offspring. There are indications that both the paternal and maternal germline are able to store information of the parental environment and pass certain information on to their progeny. These intergenerational effects are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. This review summarizes and discusses insights into germline epigenetic plasticity caused by environmental stimuli and how such alterations are transmitted to induce a stable phenotype in the offspring.
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Abstract
The idea that epigenetic determinants such as DNA methylation, histone modifications or RNA can be passed to the next generation through meiotic products (gametes) is long standing. Such meiotic epigenetic inheritance (MEI) is fairly common in yeast, plants and nematodes, but its extent in mammals has been much debated. Advances in genomics techniques are now driving the profiling of germline and zygotic epigenomes, thereby improving our understanding of MEI in diverse species. Whereas the role of DNA methylation in MEI remains unclear, insights from genome-wide studies suggest that a previously underappreciated fraction of mammalian genomes bypass epigenetic reprogramming during development. Notably, intergenerational inheritance of histone modifications, tRNA fragments and microRNAs can affect gene regulation in the offspring. It is important to note that MEI in mammals rarely constitutes transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI), which spans multiple generations. In this Review, we discuss the examples of MEI in mammals, including mammalian epigenome reprogramming, and the molecular mechanisms of MEI in vertebrates in general. We also discuss the implications of the inheritance of histone modifications and small RNA for embryogenesis in metazoans, with a particular focus on insights gained from genome-wide studies.
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325
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Tuscher JJ, Day JJ. Multigenerational epigenetic inheritance: One step forward, two generations back. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104591. [PMID: 31470104 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifications to DNA and histone proteins serve a critical regulatory role in the developing and adult brain, and over a decade of research has established the importance of these "epigenetic" modifications in a wide variety of brain functions across the lifespan. Epigenetic patterns orchestrate gene expression programs that establish the phenotypic diversity of various cellular classes in the central nervous system, play a key role in experience-dependent gene regulation in the adult brain, and are commonly implicated in neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disease states. In addition to these established roles, emerging evidence indicates that epigenetic information can potentially be transmitted to offspring, giving rise to inter- and trans-generational epigenetic inheritance phenotypes. However, our understanding of the cellular events that participate in this information transfer is incomplete, and the ability of this transfer to overcome complete epigenetic reprogramming during embryonic development is highly controversial. This review explores the existing literature on multigenerational epigenetic mechanisms in the central nervous system. First, we focus on the cellular mechanisms that may perpetuate or counteract this type of information transfer, and consider how epigenetic modification in germline and somatic cells regulate important aspects of cellular and organismal development. Next, we review the potential phenotypes resulting from ancestral experiences that impact gene regulatory modifications, including how these changes may give rise to unique metabolic phenotypes. Finally, we discuss several caveats and technical limitations that influence multigenerational epigenetic effects. We argue that studies reporting multigenerational epigenetic changes impacting the central nervous system must be interpreted with caution, and provide suggestions for how epigenetic information transfer can be mechanistically disentangled from genetic and environmental influences on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Tuscher
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Jeremy J Day
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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326
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Chen H, Zhang Z, Jiang S, Li R, Li W, Zhao C, Hong H, Huang X, Li H, Bo X. New insights on human essential genes based on integrated analysis and the construction of the HEGIAP web-based platform. Brief Bioinform 2019; 21:1397-1410. [PMID: 31504171 PMCID: PMC7373178 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential genes are those whose loss of function compromises organism viability or results in profound loss of fitness. Recent gene-editing technologies have provided new opportunities to characterize essential genes. Here, we present an integrated analysis that comprehensively and systematically elucidates the genetic and regulatory characteristics of human essential genes. First, we found that essential genes act as ‘hubs’ in protein–protein interaction networks, chromatin structure and epigenetic modification. Second, essential genes represent conserved biological processes across species, although gene essentiality changes differently among species. Third, essential genes are important for cell development due to their discriminate transcription activity in embryo development and oncogenesis. In addition, we developed an interactive web server, the Human Essential Genes Interactive Analysis Platform (http://sysomics.com/HEGIAP/), which integrates abundant analytical tools to enable global, multidimensional interpretation of gene essentiality. Our study provides new insights that improve the understanding of human essential genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebing Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ruijiang Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wanying Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chenghui Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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327
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Geng T, Zhang D, Jiang W. Epigenetic Regulation of Transition Among Different Pluripotent States: Concise Review. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1372-1380. [PMID: 31339608 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The extraordinary progress of pluripotent stem cell research provides a revolutionary avenue to understand mammalian early embryonic development. Besides well-established conventional mouse and human embryonic stem cells, the discoveries of naive state human stem cell, two-cell-like cell, and the newly defined "extended pluripotent" stem cell and "expanded potential" stem cell with bidirectional chimeric ability have greatly broadened the horizons of more pluripotent states recaptured and maintained in dish, infinitely approaching the totipotent blastomere state. Although all these pluripotent cell types can self-renew and have the ability to differentiate into all the three germ layers, accumulating evidence suggests that these pluripotent states display distinct epigenetic characters. More strikingly, epigenetic reprogramming, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling, is required to reset the cell fate commitment, suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms may play an active and important role in the maintenance and transition among these pluripotent states. Here, we have reviewed studies on various pluripotent states, with a highlight on the epigenetic regulation during the interconversion. Stem Cells 2019;37:1372-1380.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Geng
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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328
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Xavier MJ, Roman SD, Aitken RJ, Nixon B. Transgenerational inheritance: how impacts to the epigenetic and genetic information of parents affect offspring health. Hum Reprod Update 2019; 25:518-540. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
A defining feature of sexual reproduction is the transmission of genomic information from both parents to the offspring. There is now compelling evidence that the inheritance of such genetic information is accompanied by additional epigenetic marks, or stable heritable information that is not accounted for by variations in DNA sequence. The reversible nature of epigenetic marks coupled with multiple rounds of epigenetic reprogramming that erase the majority of existing patterns have made the investigation of this phenomenon challenging. However, continual advances in molecular methods are allowing closer examination of the dynamic alterations to histone composition and DNA methylation patterns that accompany development and, in particular, how these modifications can occur in an individual’s germline and be transmitted to the following generation. While the underlying mechanisms that permit this form of transgenerational inheritance remain unclear, it is increasingly apparent that a combination of genetic and epigenetic modifications plays major roles in determining the phenotypes of individuals and their offspring.
OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
Information pertaining to transgenerational inheritance was systematically reviewed focusing primarily on mammalian cells to the exclusion of inheritance in plants, due to inherent differences in the means by which information is transmitted between generations. The effects of environmental factors and biological processes on both epigenetic and genetic information were reviewed to determine their contribution to modulating inheritable phenotypes.
SEARCH METHODS
Articles indexed in PubMed were searched using keywords related to transgenerational inheritance, epigenetic modifications, paternal and maternal inheritable traits and environmental and biological factors influencing transgenerational modifications. We sought to clarify the role of epigenetic reprogramming events during the life cycle of mammals and provide a comprehensive review of how the genomic and epigenomic make-up of progenitors may determine the phenotype of its descendants.
OUTCOMES
We found strong evidence supporting the role of DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications and even non-protein-coding RNA in altering the epigenetic composition of individuals and producing stable epigenetic effects that were transmitted from parents to offspring, in both humans and rodent species. Multiple genomic domains and several histone modification sites were found to resist demethylation and endure genome-wide reprogramming events. Epigenetic modifications integrated into the genome of individuals were shown to modulate gene expression and activity at enhancer and promoter domains, while genetic mutations were shown to alter sequence availability for methylation and histone binding. Fundamentally, alterations to the nuclear composition of the germline in response to environmental factors, ageing, diet and toxicant exposure have the potential to become hereditably transmitted.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS
The environment influences the health and well-being of progeny by working through the germline to introduce spontaneous genetic mutations as well as a variety of epigenetic changes, including alterations in DNA methylation status and the post-translational modification of histones. In evolutionary terms, these changes create the phenotypic diversity that fuels the fires of natural selection. However, rather than being adaptive, such variation may also generate a plethora of pathological disease states ranging from dominant genetic disorders to neurological conditions, including spontaneous schizophrenia and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel João Xavier
- Reproductive Science Group, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Shaun D Roman
- Reproductive Science Group, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Reproductive Science Group, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Reproductive Science Group, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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329
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Zhang Y, Shi J, Rassoulzadegan M, Tuorto F, Chen Q. Sperm RNA code programmes the metabolic health of offspring. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019; 15:489-498. [PMID: 31235802 PMCID: PMC6626572 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sperm RNA is increasingly recognized as an additional source of paternal hereditary information beyond DNA. Environmental inputs, including an unhealthy diet, mental stresses and toxin exposure, can reshape the sperm RNA signature and induce offspring phenotypes that relate to paternal environmental stressors. Our understanding of the categories of sperm RNAs (such as tRNA-derived small RNAs, microRNAs, ribosomal RNA-derived small RNAs and long non-coding RNAs) and associated RNA modifications is expanding and has begun to reveal the functional diversity and information capacity of these molecules. However, the coding mechanism endowed by sperm RNA structures and by RNA interactions with DNA and other epigenetic factors remains unknown. How sperm RNA-encoded information is decoded in early embryos to control offspring phenotypes also remains unclear. Complete deciphering of the 'sperm RNA code' with regard to metabolic control could move the field towards translational applications and precision medicine, and this may lead to prevention of intergenerational transmission of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Junchao Shi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Francesca Tuorto
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
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330
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Schultz RM, Stein P, Svoboda P. The oocyte-to-embryo transition in mouse: past, present, and future. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:160-174. [PMID: 29462259 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET) arguably initiates with formation of a primordial follicle and culminates with reprogramming of gene expression during the course of zygotic genome activation. This transition results in converting a highly differentiated cell, i.e. oocyte, to undifferentiated cells, i.e. initial blastomeres of a preimplantation embryo. A plethora of changes occur during the OET and include, but are not limited to, changes in transcription, chromatin structure, and protein synthesis; accumulation of macromolecules and organelles that will comprise the oocyte's maternal contribution to the early embryo; sequential acquisition of meiotic and developmental competence to name but a few. This review will focus on transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes that occur during OET in mouse because such changes are likely the major driving force for OET. We often take a historical and personal perspective, and highlight how advances in experimental methods often catalyzed conceptual advances in understanding the molecular bases for OET. We also point out questions that remain open and therefore represent topics of interest for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Schultz
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Paula Stein
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Petr Svoboda
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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331
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Abstract
Following fertilization, the two specified gametes must unite to create an entirely new organism. The genome is initially transcriptionally quiescent, allowing the zygote to be reprogrammed into a totipotent state. Gradually, the genome is activated through a process known as the maternal-to-zygotic transition, which enables zygotic gene products to replace the maternal supply that initiated development. This essential transition has been broadly characterized through decades of research in several model organisms. However, we still lack a full mechanistic understanding of how genome activation is executed and how this activation relates to the reprogramming of the zygotic chromatin architecture. Recent work highlights the central role of transcriptional activators and suggests that these factors may coordinate transcriptional activation with other developmental changes.
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332
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Sang B, Sun J, Yang D, Xu Z, Wei Y. Ras-AKT signaling represses the phosphorylation of histone H1.5 at threonine 10 via GSK3 to promote the progression of glioma. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2882-2890. [PMID: 31307224 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1638795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Sang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
- Affiliated Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Jianjing Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yuzhen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
- Affiliated Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
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333
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Jung YH, Kremsky I, Gold HB, Rowley MJ, Punyawai K, Buonanotte A, Lyu X, Bixler BJ, Chan AWS, Corces VG. Maintenance of CTCF- and Transcription Factor-Mediated Interactions from the Gametes to the Early Mouse Embryo. Mol Cell 2019; 75:154-171.e5. [PMID: 31056445 PMCID: PMC6625867 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic information present in mammalian gametes and whether it is transmitted to the progeny are relatively unknown. We find that many promoters in mouse sperm are occupied by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and Mediator. The same promoters are accessible in GV and MII oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Sperm distal ATAC-seq sites containing motifs for various transcription factors are conserved in monkeys and humans. ChIP-seq analyses confirm that Foxa1, ERα, and AR occupy distal enhancers in sperm. Accessible sperm enhancers containing H3.3 and H2A.Z are also accessible in oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Furthermore, their interactions with promoters in the gametes persist during early development. Sperm- or oocyte-specific interactions mediated by CTCF and cohesin are only present in the paternal or maternal chromosomes, respectively, in the zygote and 2-cell stages. These interactions converge in both chromosomes by the 8-cell stage. Thus, mammalian gametes contain complex patterns of 3D interactions that can be transmitted to the zygote after fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Jung
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Isaac Kremsky
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hannah B Gold
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - M Jordan Rowley
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kanchana Punyawai
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 39329, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alyx Buonanotte
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 39329, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 1462 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiaowen Lyu
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brianna J Bixler
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 1462 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anthony W S Chan
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 39329, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 1462 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Victor G Corces
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 1462 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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334
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Xia W, Xu J, Yu G, Yao G, Xu K, Ma X, Zhang N, Liu B, Li T, Lin Z, Chen X, Li L, Wang Q, Shi D, Shi S, Zhang Y, Song W, Jin H, Hu L, Bu Z, Wang Y, Na J, Xie W, Sun YP. Resetting histone modifications during human parental-to-zygotic transition. Science 2019; 365:353-360. [PMID: 31273069 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw5118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Histone modifications regulate gene expression and development. To address how they are reprogrammed in human early development, we investigated key histone marks in human oocytes and early embryos. Unlike that in mouse oocytes, the permissive mark trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) largely exhibits canonical patterns at promoters in human oocytes. After fertilization, prezygotic genome activation (pre-ZGA) embryos acquire permissive chromatin and widespread H3K4me3 in CpG-rich regulatory regions. By contrast, the repressive mark H3K27me3 undergoes global depletion. CpG-rich regulatory regions then resolve to either active or repressed states upon ZGA, followed by subsequent restoration of H3K27me3 at developmental genes. Finally, by combining chromatin and transcriptome maps, we revealed transcription circuitry and asymmetric H3K27me3 patterning during early lineage specification. Collectively, our data unveil a priming phase connecting human parental-to-zygotic epigenetic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Xia
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Guang Yu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guidong Yao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xueshan Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Bofeng Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zili Lin
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lijia Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiujun Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dayuan Shi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Senlin Shi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yile Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Wenyan Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Haixia Jin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Linli Hu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhiqin Bu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jie Na
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying-Pu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
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335
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Roles and regulation of histone methylation in animal development. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:625-641. [PMID: 31267065 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Histone methylation can occur at various sites in histone proteins, primarily on lysine and arginine residues, and it can be governed by multiple positive and negative regulators, even at a single site, to either activate or repress transcription. It is now apparent that histone methylation is critical for almost all stages of development, and its proper regulation is essential for ensuring the coordinated expression of gene networks that govern pluripotency, body patterning and differentiation along appropriate lineages and organogenesis. Notably, developmental histone methylation is highly dynamic. Early embryonic systems display unique histone methylation patterns, prominently including the presence of bivalent (both gene-activating and gene-repressive) marks at lineage-specific genes that resolve to monovalent marks during differentiation, which ensures that appropriate genes are expressed in each tissue type. Studies of the effects of methylation on embryonic stem cell pluripotency and differentiation have helped to elucidate the developmental roles of histone methylation. It has been revealed that methylation and demethylation of both activating and repressive marks are essential for establishing embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages, for ensuring gene dosage compensation via genomic imprinting and for establishing body patterning via HOX gene regulation. Not surprisingly, aberrant methylation during embryogenesis can lead to defects in body patterning and in the development of specific organs. Human genetic disorders arising from mutations in histone methylation regulators have revealed their important roles in the developing skeletal and nervous systems, and they highlight the overlapping and unique roles of different patterns of methylation in ensuring proper development.
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336
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Vastenhouw NL, Cao WX, Lipshitz HD. The maternal-to-zygotic transition revisited. Development 2019; 146:146/11/dev161471. [PMID: 31189646 DOI: 10.1242/dev.161471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of animal embryos is initially directed by maternal gene products. Then, during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), developmental control is handed to the zygotic genome. Extensive research in both vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms has revealed that the MZT can be subdivided into two phases, during which very different modes of gene regulation are implemented: initially, regulation is exclusively post-transcriptional and post-translational, following which gradual activation of the zygotic genome leads to predominance of transcriptional regulation. These changes in the gene expression program of embryos are precisely controlled and highly interconnected. Here, we review current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie handover of developmental control during the MZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine L Vastenhouw
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wen Xi Cao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Howard D Lipshitz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
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337
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Zhang B, Wu X, Zhang W, Shen W, Sun Q, Liu K, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Li Y, Meng A, Xie W. Widespread Enhancer Dememorization and Promoter Priming during Parental-to-Zygotic Transition. Mol Cell 2019; 72:673-686.e6. [PMID: 30444999 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome plays critical roles in controlling gene expression and development. However, how the parental epigenomes transit to the zygotic epigenome in early development remains elusive. Here we show that parental-to-zygotic transition in zebrafish involves extensive erasure of parental epigenetic memory, starting with methylating gametic enhancers. Surprisingly, this occurs even prior to fertilization for sperm. Both parental enhancers lose histone marks by the 4-cell stage, and zygotic enhancers are not activated until around zygotic genome activation (ZGA). By contrast, many promoters remain hypomethylated and, unexpectedly, acquire histone acetylation before ZGA at as early as the 4-cell stage. They then resolve into either activated or repressed promoters upon ZGA. Maternal depletion of histone acetyltransferases results in aberrant ZGA and early embryonic lethality. Finally, such reprogramming is largely driven by maternal factors, with zygotic products mainly contributing to embryonic enhancer activation. These data reveal widespread enhancer dememorization and promoter priming during parental-to-zygotic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weimin Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingrui Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kaili Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiujun Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Anming Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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338
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Genome-lamina interactions are established de novo in the early mouse embryo. Nature 2019; 569:729-733. [PMID: 31118510 PMCID: PMC6546605 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the emergence of totipotency after fertilization involves extensive rearrangements of the spatial positioning of the genome1,2. However, the contribution of spatial genome organization to the regulation of developmental programs is unclear3. Here we generate high-resolution maps of genomic interactions with the nuclear lamina (a filamentous meshwork that lines the inner nuclear membrane) in mouse pre-implantation embryos. We reveal that nuclear organization is not inherited from the maternal germline but is instead established de novo shortly after fertilization. The two parental genomes establish lamina-associated domains (LADs)4 with different features that converge after the 8-cell stage. We find that the mechanism of LAD establishment is unrelated to DNA replication. Instead, we show that paternal LAD formation in zygotes is prevented by ectopic expression of Kdm5b, which suggests that LAD establishment may be dependent on remodelling of H3K4 methylation. Our data suggest a step-wise assembly model whereby early LAD formation precedes consolidation of topologically associating domains.
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339
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Legoff L, Dali O, D'Cruz SC, Suglia A, Gely-Pernot A, Hémery C, Kernanec PY, Demmouche A, Kervarrec C, Tevosian S, Multigner L, Smagulova F. Ovarian dysfunction following prenatal exposure to an insecticide, chlordecone, associates with altered epigenetic features. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:29. [PMID: 31084621 PMCID: PMC6515617 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlordecone (CD) is an insecticide that was used in the French West Indies for several years to control the banana root borer pest. Given its nonsignificant degradation, it persists in the environment. CD is a carcinogenic compound with reproductive and developmental toxicity and is a recognized endocrine-disrupting chemical. In this study, we examined the effects of CD on female reproductive system of mice with the focus on epigenetic features in ovary. Our data show that gestational exposure to low dose of CD affects meiotic double-strand breaks repair in female embryos. In adult mice derived from CD-treated pregnant females, we observed delayed puberty, decreased number of primordial and increased number of atretic follicles. Gene expression analysis revealed that Rcbtb2 and Rbpms genes were not expressed in embryonic gonads. Estrogen signaling- and oocyte maturation-associated genes were downregulated in adult ovaries. The morphological changes were associated with altered epigenetic features: increased H2Aub and increased H3K27me3 and decreased H4ac and H3K4me3 in embryonic oocytes. The DNA damage-associated, γH2AX marks were detected in the follicles of treated but not control adult ovaries. We also found reduced H3K4me3 and H4ac in fully grown oocytes of the treated ovaries. The ChIP-seq analysis of H3K4me3 in adult ovaries showed that target genes of ZFP57 and TRIM28, which regulate pluripotency and imprinting, were significantly enriched in altered regions. Our study clearly demonstrates that gestational exposure to a low dose of CD impairs the function of female reproductive system and the changes are associated with altered epigenetic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Legoff
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Ouzna Dali
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.,Biotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Djillali Liabes University, 22000, Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria
| | - Shereen Cynthia D'Cruz
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Antonio Suglia
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Aurore Gely-Pernot
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Chloé Hémery
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Kernanec
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Abbassia Demmouche
- Biotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Djillali Liabes University, 22000, Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria
| | - Christine Kervarrec
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sergei Tevosian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Box 100144, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Luc Multigner
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Fatima Smagulova
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.
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340
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Abstract
Germ cells undergo epigenome reprogramming for proper development of the next generation. The achievement of in vitro germ cell derivation from human and mouse pluripotent stem cells and further differentiation in a plane culture and in aggregation with gonadal somatic cells offers unprecedented opportunities for investigation of the germ cell development. Moreover, advances in low-input/single-cell genomics have enabled detailed investigation of epigenome dynamics during germ cell development. These technologies have advanced our knowledge of epigenome reprogramming during the specification and development of primordial germ cells, their sex differentiation, and gametogenesis. Key findings include details of chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation, progressive and comprehensive DNA demethylation, and tight links between DNA demethylation and histone marks during the development of primordial germ cells, acquisition of unique totipotent epigenome during oogenesis (e.g., broad H3K4me3 domains and low-level three-dimensional genomic organization), and unexpected organization of the sperm genome. Moreover, these studies suggest the importance of epigenome analyses for in-depth evaluations of in vitro gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kurimoto
- Department of Embryology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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341
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SETD2 regulates the maternal epigenome, genomic imprinting and embryonic development. Nat Genet 2019; 51:844-856. [DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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342
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Lambrot R, Siklenka K, Lafleur C, Kimmins S. The genomic distribution of histone H3K4me2 in spermatogonia is highly conserved in sperm†. Biol Reprod 2019; 100:1661-1672. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Lambrot
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Keith Siklenka
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Lafleur
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Kimmins
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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343
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Genome activation and architecture in the early mammalian embryo. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 55:52-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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344
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Zhu W, Xu X, Wang X, Liu J. Reprogramming histone modification patterns to coordinate gene expression in early zebrafish embryos. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:248. [PMID: 30922236 PMCID: PMC6437866 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multicellular organisms require precise gene regulation during ontogeny, and epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, facilitate this precise regulation. The conservative reprogramming patterns of DNA methylation in vertebrates have been well described. However, knowledge of how histone modifications are passed on from gametes to early embryos is limited, and whether histone modification reprogramming is conserved is not clear. RESULTS We profiled H3K4me3/H3K27me3 modifications in gametes and early embryos in zebrafish and found that the patterns in gene promoter regions have been largely set to either co-occupied or active states in gametes and then passed on to early embryos. Co-occupied states are partially maintained, while active states are largely restored to nearly match the sperm's pattern prior to zygotic genome activation (ZGA). However, repressive H3K27me3 modifications in promoter regions are largely discarded in early embryos. Prior to ZGA, patterns of genes that initialize ZGA are converted to nonrepressive states to coordinate gene expression. Moreover, promoter peaks that mark stage-specific genes are hypermethylated, and histone modifications in these regions are erased independently of DNA methylation reprogramming. Furthermore, comparative analysis revealed that the functions of co-occupied and active genes passed on from gametes are conserved in vertebrates. Gene age preferences by co-occupied and active histone modifications are also confirmed in vertebrates. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide fundamental resources for understanding H3K4me3/H3K27me3 modifications in early zebrafish embryos. The data also reveal that the reprogramming progress of histone modifications is conserved in vertebrates and coordinates with gene expression during ZGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xiaocui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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345
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Mocavini I, Pippa S, Licursi V, Paci P, Trisciuoglio D, Mannironi C, Presutti C, Negri R. JARID1B expression and its function in DNA damage repair are tightly regulated by miRNAs in breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1232-1243. [PMID: 30588710 PMCID: PMC6447846 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
JARID1B/KDM5B histone demethylase's mRNA is markedly overexpressed in breast cancer tissues and cell lines and the protein has been shown to have a prominent role in cancer cell proliferation and DNA repair. However, the mechanism of its post‐transcriptional regulation in cancer cells remains elusive. We performed a computational analysis of transcriptomic data from a set of 103 breast cancer patients, which, along with JARID1B upregulation, showed a strong downregulation of 2 microRNAs (miRNAs), mir‐381 and mir‐486, potentially targeting its mRNA. We showed that both miRNAs can target JARID1B 3′UTR and reduce luciferase's activity in a complementarity‐driven repression assay. Moreover, MCF7 breast cancer cells overexpressing JARID1B showed a strong protein reduction when transfected with mir‐486. This protein's decrease is accompanied by accumulation of DNA damage, enhanced radiosensitivity and increase of BRCA1 mRNA, 3 features previously correlated with JARID1B silencing. These results enlighten an important role of a miRNA’s circuit in regulating JARID1B's activity and suggest new perspectives for epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Pippa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin,", "Sapienza" - University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mannironi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Presutti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin,", "Sapienza" - University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin,", "Sapienza" - University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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346
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Dahl JA, Gilfillan GD. How low can you go? Pushing the limits of low-input ChIP-seq. Brief Funct Genomics 2019; 17:89-95. [PMID: 29087438 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elx037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) has emerged as the dominant technique for those wishing to perform genome-wide protein:DNA profiling. Owing to the tissue- and cell-type-specific nature of epigenetic marks, the field has been driven towards obtaining data from ever-lower cell numbers. In this review, we focus on the methodological developments that have lowered input requirements and the biological findings they have enabled, as we strive towards the ultimate goal of robust single-cell ChIP-seq.
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347
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Liu Y, Xu S, Lian X, Su Y, Zhong Y, Lv R, Mo K, Zhu H, Xiaojiang W, Xu L, Wang S. Atypical GATA protein TRPS1 plays indispensable roles in mouse two-cell embryo. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:437-451. [PMID: 30712485 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1577650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is one of the most critical events at the beginning of mammalian preimplantation embryo development (PED). The mechanisms underlying mouse ZGA remain unclear although it has been widely studied. In the present study, we identified that tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome 1 (TRPS1), an atypical GATA family member, is an important factor for ZGA in mouse PED. We found that the Trps1 mRNA level peaked at the one-cell stage while TRPS1 protein did so at the two/four-cell stage. Knockdown of Trps1 by the microinjection of Trps1 siRNA reduced the developmental rate of mouse preimplantation embryos by approximately 30%, and increased the expression of ZGA marker genes MuERV-L and Zscan4d via suppressing the expression of major histone markers H3K4me3 and H3K27me3. Furthermore, Trps1 knockdown decreased the expression of Sox2 but increased Oct4 expression. We conclude that TRPS1 may be indispensable for zygotic genome activation during mouse PED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , Fujian Province University
| | - Songhua Xu
- b Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Lian
- b Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Yang Su
- b Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Yuhuan Zhong
- b Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Ruimin Lv
- b Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Kaien Mo
- b Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- c Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , P. R. China.,d Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Wang Xiaojiang
- b Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Lixuan Xu
- b Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Shie Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , Fujian Province University.,b Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , P. R. China
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348
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Fu B, Ma H, Liu D. Endogenous Retroviruses Function as Gene Expression Regulatory Elements During Mammalian Pre-implantation Embryo Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030790. [PMID: 30759824 PMCID: PMC6387303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-implantation embryo development encompasses several key developmental events, especially the activation of zygotic genome activation (ZGA)-related genes. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which are regarded as “deleterious genomic parasites”, were previously considered to be “junk DNA”. However, it is now known that ERVs, with limited conservatism across species, mediate conserved developmental processes (e.g., ZGA). Transcriptional activation of ERVs occurs during the transition from maternal control to zygotic genome control, signifying ZGA. ERVs are versatile participants in rewiring gene expression networks during epigenetic reprogramming. Particularly, a subtle balance exists between ERV activation and ERV repression in host–virus interplay, which leads to stage-specific ERV expression during pre-implantation embryo development. A large portion of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos display developmental arrest and ZGA failure during pre-implantation embryo development. Furthermore, because of the close relationship between ERV activation and ZGA, exploring the regulatory mechanism underlying ERV activation may also shed more light on the enigma of SCNT embryo development in model animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, HeiLongJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
- Key Laboratory of Combine of Planting and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, HeiLongJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
- Key Laboratory of Combine of Planting and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, HeiLongJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
- Key Laboratory of Combine of Planting and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Harbin 150086, China.
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349
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Skvortsova K, Masle-Farquhar E, Luu PL, Song JZ, Qu W, Zotenko E, Gould CM, Du Q, Peters TJ, Colino-Sanguino Y, Pidsley R, Nair SS, Khoury A, Smith GC, Miosge LA, Reed JH, Kench JG, Rubin MA, Horvath L, Bogdanovic O, Lim SM, Polo JM, Goodnow CC, Stirzaker C, Clark SJ. DNA Hypermethylation Encroachment at CpG Island Borders in Cancer Is Predisposed by H3K4 Monomethylation Patterns. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:297-314.e8. [PMID: 30753827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Promoter CpG islands are typically unmethylated in normal cells, but in cancer a proportion are subject to hypermethylation. Using methylome sequencing we identified CpG islands that display partial methylation encroachment across the 5' or 3' CpG island borders. CpG island methylation encroachment is widespread in prostate and breast cancer and commonly associates with gene suppression. We show that the pattern of H3K4me1 at CpG island borders in normal cells predicts the different modes of cancer CpG island hypermethylation. Notably, genetic manipulation of Kmt2d results in concordant alterations in H3K4me1 levels and CpG island border DNA methylation encroachment. Our findings suggest a role for H3K4me1 in the demarcation of CpG island methylation borders in normal cells, which become eroded in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Skvortsova
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Developmental Epigenomics Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Etienne Masle-Farquhar
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Phuc-Loi Luu
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jenny Z Song
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Wenjia Qu
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Elena Zotenko
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Cathryn M Gould
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Qian Du
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Timothy J Peters
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Yolanda Colino-Sanguino
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ruth Pidsley
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Shalima S Nair
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Amanda Khoury
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Grady C Smith
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Lisa A Miosge
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Joanne H Reed
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - James G Kench
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10021, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA; Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland; Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Horvath
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ozren Bogdanovic
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Developmental Epigenomics Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sue Mei Lim
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Clare Stirzaker
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Susan J Clark
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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350
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Lv Z, Zhang W, Wu Y, Huang S, Zhou Y, Zhang A, Deng X, Xu C, Xu Z, Gong L, Liu B. Extensive allele-level remodeling of histone methylation modification in reciprocal F 1 hybrids of rice subspecies. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:571-586. [PMID: 30375057 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms play a major role in heterosis, partly as a result of the remodeling of epigenetic modifications in F1 hybrids. Based on chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) analyses, we show that at the allele level extensive histone methylation remodeling occurred for a subset of genomic loci in reciprocal F1 hybrids of Oryza sativa (rice) cultivars Nipponbare and 93-11, representing the two subspecies japonica and indica. Globally, the allele modification-altered loci in leaf or root of the reciprocal F1 hybrids involved ˜12-43% or more of the genomic regions carrying either of two typical histone methylation markers, H3K4me3 (>21 000 genomic regions) and H3K27me3 (>11 000 genomic regions). Nevertheless, at the total modification level, the majority (from ˜43 to >90%) of the modification-altered alleles lay within the range of parental additivity in the hybrids because of concerted alteration in opposite directions, consistent with an overall attenuation of allelic differences in the modifications. Importantly, of the genomic regions that did show non-additivity in total modification level by either marker in the two tissues of hybrids, >80% manifested transgressivity, which involved genes enriched in specific functional categories. Extensive allele-level alteration of H3K4me3 alone was positively correlated with genome-wide changes in allele-level gene expression, whereas at the total level, both H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 remodeling, although affecting just a small number of genes, contributes to the overall non-additive gene expression to variable extents, depending on tissue/marker combinations. Our results emphasize the importance of allele-level analysis in hybrids to assess the remodeling of epigenetic modifications and their relation to changes in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Shuangzhan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Chunming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhengyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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