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Yilmaz Sukranli Z, Korkmaz Bayram K, Mehmetbeyoglu E, Doganyigit Z, Beyaz F, Sener EF, Taheri S, Ozkul Y, Rassoulzadegan M. Trans Species RNA Activity: Sperm RNA of the Father of an Autistic Child Programs Glial Cells and Behavioral Disorders in Mice. Biomolecules 2024; 14:201. [PMID: 38397438 PMCID: PMC10886764 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, we described the alteration of six miRNAs in the serum of autistic children, their fathers, mothers, siblings, and in the sperm of autistic mouse models. Studies in model organisms suggest that noncoding RNAs participate in transcriptional modulation pathways. Using mice, approaches to alter the amount of RNA in fertilized eggs enable in vivo intervention at an early stage of development. Noncoding RNAs are very numerous in spermatozoa. Our study addresses a fundamental question: can the transfer of RNA content from sperm to eggs result in changes in phenotypic traits, such as autism? To explore this, we used sperm RNA from a normal father but with autistic children to create mouse models for autism. Here, we induced, in a single step by microinjecting sperm RNA into fertilized mouse eggs, a transcriptional alteration with the transformation in adults of glial cells into cells affected by astrogliosis and microgliosis developing deficiency disorders of the 'autism-like' type in mice born following these manipulations. Human sperm RNA alters gene expression in mice, and validates the possibility of non-Mendelian inheritance in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Yilmaz Sukranli
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Keziban Korkmaz Bayram
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara 06010, Turkey
| | - Ecmel Mehmetbeyoglu
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Zuleyha Doganyigit
- Histology and Embryology Department, Medical Faculty, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66700, Turkey
| | - Feyzullah Beyaz
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Elif Funda Sener
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozkul
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- The National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, 06000 Nice, France
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Mehmetbeyoglu E, Duman A, Taheri S, Ozkul Y, Rassoulzadegan M. From Data to Insights: Machine Learning Empowers Prognostic Biomarker Prediction in Autism. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1713. [PMID: 38138941 PMCID: PMC10744627 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) poses significant challenges to society and science due to its impact on communication, social interaction, and repetitive behavior patterns in affected children. The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network continuously monitors ASD prevalence and characteristics. In 2020, ASD prevalence was estimated at 1 in 36 children, with higher rates than previous estimates. This study focuses on ongoing ASD research conducted by Erciyes University. Serum samples from 45 ASD patients and 21 unrelated control participants were analyzed to assess the expression of 372 microRNAs (miRNAs). Six miRNAs (miR-19a-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-3613-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-126-3p, and miR-499a-5p) exhibited significant downregulation in all ASD patients compared to healthy controls. The current study endeavors to identify dependable diagnostic biomarkers for ASD, addressing the pressing need for non-invasive, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic tools, as current methods are subjective and time-intensive. A pivotal discovery in this study is the potential diagnostic value of miR-126-3p, offering the promise of earlier and more accurate ASD diagnoses, potentially leading to improved intervention outcomes. Leveraging machine learning, such as the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) model, presents a promising avenue for precise ASD diagnosis using miRNA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecmel Mehmetbeyoglu
- Department of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; (S.T.); (Y.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Abdulkerim Duman
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK;
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; (S.T.); (Y.O.); (M.R.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozkul
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; (S.T.); (Y.O.); (M.R.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; (S.T.); (Y.O.); (M.R.)
- Inserm-CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
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Tufan E, Taheri S, Karaca Z, Mehmetbeyoglu E, Yilmaz Sukranli Z, Korkmaz Bayram K, Ulutabanca H, Tanrıverdi F, Unluhizarci K, Rassoulzadegan M, Kelestimur F. Alterations in Serum miR-126-3p Levels over Time: A Marker of Pituitary Insufficiency following Head Trauma. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 114:315-330. [PMID: 38071970 PMCID: PMC10997266 DOI: 10.1159/000535748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) pose a high risk of pituitary insufficiency development in patients. We have previously reported alterations in miR-126-3p levels in sera from patients with TBI-induced pituitary deficiency. METHODS To investigate why TBI-induced pituitary deficiency develops only in some patients and to reveal the relationship between miR-126-3p with hormone axes, we used mice that were epigenetically modified with miR-126-3p at the embryonic stage. These modified mice were subjected to mild TBI (mTBI) according to the Marmarou's weight-drop model at 2 months of age. The levels of miR-126-3p were assessed at 1 and 30 days in serum after mTBI. Changes in miR-126-3p levels after mTBI of wild-type and miR-126-3p* modified mouse lines validated our human results. Additionally, hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal tissues were analyzed for transcripts and associated serum hormone levels. RESULTS We report that miR-126-3p directly affects hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis upregulation and ACTH secretion in the acute phase after mTBI. We also demonstrated that miR-126-3p suppresses Gnrh transcripts in the hypothalamus and pituitary, but this is not reflected in serum FSH/LH levels. The increase in ACTH levels in the acute phase may indicate that upregulation of miR-126-3p at the embryonic stage has a protective effect on the HPA axis after TBI. Notably, the most prominent transcriptional response is found in the adrenals, highlighting their role in the pathophysiology of TBI. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the role of miR-126-3p in TBI and pituitary deficiency developing after TBI, and the obtained data will significantly contribute to elucidating the mechanism of pituitary deficiency development after TBI and development of new diagnostic and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Tufan
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey,
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey,
| | - Züleyha Karaca
- Department of Endocrinology, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ecmel Mehmetbeyoglu
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Kezban Korkmaz Bayram
- Department of Medical Genetics, Yıldırım Beyazıd University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Ulutabanca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fatih Tanrıverdi
- Department of Endocrinology, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kursad Unluhizarci
- Department of Endocrinology, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Nice, France
| | - Fahrettin Kelestimur
- Department of Endocrinology, Yeditepe University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sener EF, Dana H, Tahtasakal R, Hamurcu Z, Taheri S, Delibasi N, Mehmetbeyoglu E, Sukranli ZY, Dal F, Tufan E, Oflamaz AO, Doganyigit Z, Ozkul Y, Rassoulzadegan M. Heterozygous Cc2d1a mice show sex-dependent changes in the Beclin-1/p62 ratio with impaired prefrontal cortex and hippocampal autophagy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110764. [PMID: 37059290 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by repetitive behaviors, lack of social interaction and communication. CC2D1A is identified in patients as an autism risk gene. Recently, we suggested that heterozygous Cc2d1a mice exhibit impaired autophagy in the hippocampus. We now report the analysis of autophagy markers (Lc3, Beclin and p62) in different regions hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum, with an overall decrease in autophagy and changes in Beclin-1/p62 ratio in the hippocampus. We observed sex-dependent variations in transcripts and protein expression levels. Moreover, our analyses suggest that alterations in autophagy initiated in Cc2d1a heterozygous parents are variably transmitted to offspring, even when the offspring's genotype is wild type. Aberration in the autophagy mechanism may indirectly contribute to induce synapse alteration in the ASD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Funda Sener
- Erciyes University, Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Halime Dana
- Erciyes University, Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Tahtasakal
- Erciyes University, Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Hamurcu
- Erciyes University, Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Erciyes University, Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Delibasi
- Cappodoccia University, Cappadocia Vocational School Medical Laboratory Techniques Programme, Nevsehir, Turkey; Cardiff University, School of Medicine Department of Hematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Ecmel Mehmetbeyoglu
- Erciyes University, Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz Sukranli
- Erciyes University, Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fatma Dal
- Erciyes University, Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Tufan
- Erciyes University, Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Asli Okan Oflamaz
- Bozok University, Medical Faculty Department of Histology and Embryology, 66100 Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Zuleyha Doganyigit
- Bozok University, Medical Faculty Department of Histology and Embryology, 66100 Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozkul
- Erciyes University, Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Medical Faculty Department of Medical Genetics, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Erciyes University, Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Université Cote d'Azur (UCA), INSERM-CNRS, IRCAN, 06107 Nice, France; Erciyes University, Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
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Sener EF, Dana H, Tahtasakal R, Hamurcu Z, Guler A, Tufan E, Doganyigit Z, Rassoulzadegan M. Partial changes in apoptotic pathways in hippocampus and hypothalamus of Cc2d1a heterozygous. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:531-541. [PMID: 36454503 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the apoptosis pathway have been linked to changes in serotonin levels seen in autistic patients. Cc2d1a is a repressor of the HTR1A gene involved in the serotonin pathway. The hippocampus and hypothalamus of Cc2d1a ± mice were analyzed for the expression of apoptosis markers (caspase 3, 8 and 9). Gender differences were observed in the expression levels of the three caspases consistent with some altered activity in the open-field assay. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased. We concluded that apoptotic pathways are only partially affected in the pathogenesis of the Cc2d1a heterozygous mouse model. A) Apoptosis is suppressed because the cell does not receive a death signal, or the receptor cannot activate the caspase 8 pathway despite the death signal. B) Since Caspase 8 and Caspase 3 expression is downregulated in our mouse model, the mechanism of apoptosis is not activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Funda Sener
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Halime Dana
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Tahtasakal
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Hamurcu
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahsen Guler
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Tufan
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuleyha Doganyigit
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bozok University Medical Faculty, 66100, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
- INSERM-CNRS, IRCAN, Universite Cote d'Azur (UCA), 06107, Nice, France
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Kocyigit I, Taheri S, Uysal C, Memis M, Ozayturk SG, Zararsiz G, Rassoulzadegan M. Predicting Progression of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease by Changes in the Telomeric Epigenome. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203300. [PMID: 36291168 PMCID: PMC9600909 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited cause of chronic kidney disease with Polycystin (PKD) 1 and 2 gene mutation. However, the intra-familial variability in symptoms further suggests a non-Mendelian contribution to the disease. Our goal was to find a marker to track the epigenetic changes common to rapidly progressing forms of the disease. The risk of ADPKD increases with age, and aging shortens the telomere length (TL). Telomeres are a nucleoprotein structure composed mainly of three complexes, shelterin, CST and RNA-containing telomere repeat(TERRA), which protects the ends of chromosomes from degradation and fusion, and plays a role in maintaining cellular stability and in the repair of telomeric damage. TERRAs are transcribed from telomeric regions and a part of them is engaged in a DNA/RNA hybrid (R-loop) at each chromosome end. We tracked TL and TERRA levels in blood samples of 78 patients and 20 healthy control. Our study demonstrates that TL was shortened and TERRA expression levels in the DNA-attached fraction increased in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney patients with mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 compared to the control group. Moreover, it was observed that the expression of TERRA engaged in the R-loop was higher and the length of telomeres shorter in patients with ADPKD who showed rapid disease progression. Intrafamilial variation in TL and TERRA levels with the same mutation would indicate reliable epigenetic potential biomarkers in disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Kocyigit
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey
- Correspondence:
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cihan Uysal
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Memis
- Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Salih Guntug Ozayturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gokmen Zararsiz
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical School, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey
- INSERM-CNRS, Université de Nice, 06107 Nice, France
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Satir-Basaran G, Kianmehr L, Mehmetbeyoglu E, Korkmaz Bayram K, Memis M, Yilmaz Z, Tufan E, Taheri S, Kelestimur F, Rassoulzadegan M. Mouse Paternal RNAs Initiate a Pattern of Metabolic Disorders in a Line-Dependent Manner. Front Genet 2022; 13:839841. [PMID: 35419033 PMCID: PMC8996111 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.839841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of diseases result from environmental effects, and the levels of many native transcripts are altered. The alteration of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and transmission of the variation to the next generation is increasingly recognized as a marker of disease. However, the determining signals and mechanisms of RNA-induced heritability remain unclear. We performed functional tests with four different genotypes of mice maintained on a high-fat diet to trace the transfer of the obesity/diabetes phenotype to the next generation in order to detect common signals. Two founders of four mouse lines (B6/D2 hybrid and Dnmt2 -/-C57BL/6 ) resist and do not change their phenotype while their sperm RNAs after microinjection into fertilized mouse eggs transfer the newly acquired phenotypes in a susceptible inbred line (C57BL/6 or Balb/c). Unexpectedly, in the same line of experiments, sperm RNA from animals raised on a normal diet when mixed with the sperm RNA from animals raised on a diet high in fat or synthetic miR-19b (inducer of obesity) affects or prevents the development of obesity and diabetes. However, it remains unclear what happens to ncRNA signaling under diet. With a comprehensive new analysis of the transcripts maintained as an RNA/DNA hybrid in sperm, we suggest that a fraction of the RNAs are stably attached to the genome. Thus, we propose that changes in the dynamics of ncRNA retention on DNA by factors such as transcriptional variations or lack of adequate methylation could serve as molecular markers to trace these epigenetics events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzide Satir-Basaran
- Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Leila Kianmehr
- Departement of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ecmel Mehmetbeyoglu
- Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kezban Korkmaz Bayram
- Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Memis
- Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Tufan
- Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Kelestimur
- Department of Endocrinology, Yeditepe University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,INSERM-CNRS, Université de Nice, Nice, France
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Mehmetbeyoglu E, Kianmehr L, Borlu M, Yilmaz Z, Basar Kılıc S, Rajabi-Maham H, Taheri S, Rassoulzadegan M. Decrease in RNase HII and Accumulation of lncRNAs/DNA Hybrids: A Causal Implication in Psoriasis? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030368. [PMID: 35327560 PMCID: PMC8945458 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been in the limelight in aging research because short telomeres are associated with higher levels of TERRA (Telomeric Repeat containing RNA). The genomic instability, which leads to short telomeres, is a mechanism observed in cell aging and in a class of cancer cells. Psoriasis, a skin disease, is a disorder of epidermal keratinocytes, with altered telomerase activity. Research on the fraction of nascent RNAs in hybrid with DNA offers avenues for new strategies. Skin and blood samples from patients were fractionated to obtain the RNA associated with DNA as a R-loop structure. The higher amount of TERRA levels attached with each chromosome end was found with psoriasis patients in blood and skin. In addition to telomeric TERRA, we evidenced accumulation of others non-coding RNA, such as non-telomeric TERRA and centromeric transcripts. Increased levels of non-coding RNAs attached to DNA correlates with a decreased in Ribonuclease HII (RNase-HII) transcript which means that overall unresolved DNA–RNA hybrids can ultimately weaken DNA and cause skin lesions. Since the genome is actively transcribed, cellular RNase-HII is essential for removing RNA from the DNA–RNA hybrid in controls of genome stability and epigenome shaping and can be used as a causal prognostic marker in patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecmel Mehmetbeyoglu
- Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey; (E.M.); (Z.Y.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Leila Kianmehr
- Animal Sciences and Marine Biology Department, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963411, Iran; (H.R.-M.); (L.K.)
| | - Murat Borlu
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Medical School, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey;
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey; (E.M.); (Z.Y.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Seyma Basar Kılıc
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray University, 68000 Aksaray, Turkey;
| | - Hassan Rajabi-Maham
- Animal Sciences and Marine Biology Department, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963411, Iran; (H.R.-M.); (L.K.)
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey; (E.M.); (Z.Y.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (M.R.)
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey; (E.M.); (Z.Y.)
- INSERM-CNRS, Université de Nice, 06000 Nice, France
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (M.R.)
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9
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Ozkul Y, Taheri S, Bayram KK, Sener EF, Mehmetbeyoglu E, Öztop DB, Aybuga F, Tufan E, Bayram A, Dolu N, Zararsiz G, Kianmehr L, Beyaz F, Doganyigit Z, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. A heritable profile of six miRNAs in autistic patients and mouse models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9011. [PMID: 32514154 PMCID: PMC7280218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of developmental pathologies that impair social communication and cause repetitive behaviors. The suggested roles of noncoding RNAs in pathology led us to perform a comparative analysis of the microRNAs expressed in the serum of human ASD patients. The analysis of a cohort of 45 children with ASD revealed that six microRNAs (miR-19a-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-3613-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-126-3p, and miR-499a-5p) were expressed at low to very low levels compared to those in healthy controls. A similar but less pronounced decrease was registered in the clinically unaffected parents of the sick children and in their siblings but never in any genetically unrelated control. Results consistent with these observations were obtained in the blood, hypothalamus and sperm of two of the established mouse models of ASD: valproic acid-treated animals and Cc2d1a+/- heterozygotes. In both instances, the same characteristic miRNA profile was evidenced in the affected individuals and inherited together with disease symptoms in the progeny of crosses with healthy animals. The consistent association of these genetic regulatory changes with the disease provides a starting point for evaluating the changes in the activity of the target genes and, thus, the underlying mechanism(s). From the applied societal and medical perspectives, once properly confirmed in large cohorts, these observations provide tools for the very early identification of affected children and progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Ozkul
- Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Medical Genetics Department, Kayseri, Turkey. .,Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey.,Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kezban Korkmaz Bayram
- Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Medical Genetics Department, Kayseri, Turkey.,Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Elif Funda Sener
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey.,Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ecmel Mehmetbeyoglu
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Didem Behice Öztop
- Ankara University, Medical Faculty, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Aybuga
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Tufan
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arslan Bayram
- Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Medical Genetics Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nazan Dolu
- Baskent University, Medical Faculty, Physiology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokmen Zararsiz
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Feyzullah Beyaz
- Erciyes University Veterinary Faculty, Histology and Embryology Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Züleyha Doganyigit
- Bozok University, Medical Faculty, Histology and Embryology Department, Yozgat, Turkey
| | | | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey. .,Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, France.
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10
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Ghassemi B, Ajami M, Shamsara M, Soleimani M, Kiani J, Rassoulzadegan M. Corrigendum to "Pipeline for the generation of gene knockout mice using dual sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing"[Anal. Biochem. 568 (2019) 31-40]. Anal Biochem 2019; 583:113343. [PMID: 31377445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bita Ghassemi
- Department of Transgenic Animal Science, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Ajami
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France, Inserm UMR1091, CNRS UMR7277, Nice, France.
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11
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Kianmehr L, Khazali H, Rajabi-Maham H, Sharifi-Zarchi A, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. Genome-Wide Distribution of Nascent Transcripts in Sperm DNA, Products of a Late Wave of General Transcription. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101196. [PMID: 31623338 PMCID: PMC6830337 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature spermatozoa contain a whole repertoire of the various classes of cellular RNAs, both coding and non-coding. It was hypothesized that after fertilization they might impact development, a claim supported by experimental evidence in various systems. Despite the current increasing interest in the transgenerational maintenance of epigenetic traits and their possible determination by RNAs, little remains known about conservation in sperm and across generations and the specificities and mechanisms involved in transgenerational maintenance. We identified two distinct fractions of RNAs in mature mouse sperm, one readily extracted in the aqueous phase of the classical TRIzol procedure and a distinct fraction hybridized with homologous DNA in DNA-RNA complexes recovered from the interface, purified after DNase hydrolysis and analyzed by RNA-seq methodology. This DNA-associated RNA (D RNA) was found to represent as much as half of the cell contents in differentiated sperm, in which a major part of the cytoplasmic material has been discarded. Stable complexes were purified free of proteins and identified as hybrids (R-loops) on the basis of their sensitivity to RNase H hydrolysis. Further analysis by RNA-seq identified transcripts from all the coding and non-coding regions of the genome, thus revealing an extensive wave of transcription, prior to or concomitant with the terminal compaction of the chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kianmehr
- Animal Sciences and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Tehran 1983963113, Iran.
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, INSERM-CNRS, 06108 Nice CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Homayoun Khazali
- Animal Sciences and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Tehran 1983963113, Iran.
| | - Hassan Rajabi-Maham
- Animal Sciences and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Tehran 1983963113, Iran.
| | - Ali Sharifi-Zarchi
- Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 1458889694, Iran.
| | - François Cuzin
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, INSERM-CNRS, 06108 Nice CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, INSERM-CNRS, 06108 Nice CEDEX 2, France.
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12
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Lopez P, Yaman R, Lopez-Fernandez LA, Vidal F, Puel D, Clertant P, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. Withdrawal: A novel germ line-specific gene of the phosducin-like protein (PhLP) family: A meiotic function conserved from yeast to mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13832. [PMID: 31519761 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.w119.010673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Abstract
Mammalian sperm RNA is increasingly recognized as an additional source of paternal hereditary information beyond DNA. Environmental inputs, including an unhealthy diet, mental stresses and toxin exposure, can reshape the sperm RNA signature and induce offspring phenotypes that relate to paternal environmental stressors. Our understanding of the categories of sperm RNAs (such as tRNA-derived small RNAs, microRNAs, ribosomal RNA-derived small RNAs and long non-coding RNAs) and associated RNA modifications is expanding and has begun to reveal the functional diversity and information capacity of these molecules. However, the coding mechanism endowed by sperm RNA structures and by RNA interactions with DNA and other epigenetic factors remains unknown. How sperm RNA-encoded information is decoded in early embryos to control offspring phenotypes also remains unclear. Complete deciphering of the 'sperm RNA code' with regard to metabolic control could move the field towards translational applications and precision medicine, and this may lead to prevention of intergenerational transmission of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Junchao Shi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Francesca Tuorto
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
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14
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Vidal F, Lopez P, Lopez-Fernandez LA, Ranc F, Scimeca JC, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. Expression of Concern: Gene trap analysis of germ cell signaling to Sertoli cells: NGF-TrkA mediated induction of Fra1 and Fos by post-meiotic germ cells. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/10/jcs233692. [PMID: 31092634 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.233692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Ghassemi B, Shamsara M, Soleimani M, Kiani J, Rassoulzadegan M. Pipeline for the generation of gene knockout mice using dual sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. Anal Biochem 2019; 568:31-40. [PMID: 30593779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Animal models possess undeniable utility for progress on biomedical research projects and developmental and disease studies. Transgenic mouse models recreating specific disease phenotypes associated with β-hemoglobinopathies have been developed previously. However, traditional methods for gene targeting in mouse using embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are laborious and time consuming. Recently, CRISPR has been developed to facilitate and improve genomic modifications in mouse or isogenic cell lines. Applying CRISPR to gene modification eliminates the time consuming steps of traditional approach including selection of targeted ESC clones and production of chimeric mouse. This study shows that microinjection of a plasmid DNA encoding Cas9 protein along with dual sgRNAs specific to Hbb-bs gene (hemoglobin, beta adult s chain) enables breaking target sequences at exons 2 and 3 positions. The injections led to a knockout allele with efficiency around 10% for deletion of exons 2 and 3 and 20% for indel mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Ghassemi
- Department of Transgenic Animal Science, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France, Inserm UMR1091, CNRS UMR7277, Nice, France.
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16
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Niavarani A, Shahrabi Farahani A, Sharafkhah M, Rassoulzadegan M. Pancancer analysis identifies prognostic high-APOBEC1 expression level implicated in cancer in-frame insertions and deletions. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:327-335. [PMID: 29346513 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome insertions and deletions (indels) show tremendous functional impacts despite they are much less common than single nucleotide variants, which are at the center of studies assessing cancer mutational signatures. We studied 8891 tumor samples of 32 types from The Cancer Genome Atlas in order to explore those genes which are potentially implicated in cancer indels. Survival analysis identified in-frame indels as the most important variants predicting adverse outcome. Transcriptome-wide association study identified 16 genes overexpressed in both tumor samples and tumor types with high number of in-frame indels, of whom four (APOBEC1, BCL2L15, FOXL1 and PDX1) were identified with gene products distributed within the nucleus. APOBEC1 emerged as the mere consistently hypomethylated gene in tumor samples with high number of in-frame indels. The correlation of APOBEC1 expression levels with cancer indels was independent of age and defects in DNA homologous recombination (HR) and/or mismatch repair. Unlike frame-shift indels, triplet repeat motifs were found to occur frequently at in-frame indel sites. The splicing variant 3, making a shorter isoform b, showed essentially all the same indel correlations as of APOBEC1. Expression levels of both APOBEC1 and variant 3 were found to be predicting adverse prognosis independent of DNA HR and mismatch repair. Not less importantly, high level of variant 3 in paired normal tissues was also proved to predict cancer outcome. Our findings propose APOBEC1 and isoform b as the potential endogenous mutators implicated in cancer in-frame indels and pave the way for their use as novel prognostic tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Niavarani
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute (DDRI), Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Shahrabi Farahani
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute (DDRI), Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharafkhah
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute (DDRI), Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Institut Valrose Biologie, INSERM U1091, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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17
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Rassoulzadegan M, Cuzin F. Nutrition meets heredity: a case of RNA-mediated transmission of acquired characters. Environ Epigenet 2018; 4:dvy006. [PMID: 29732170 PMCID: PMC5920336 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvy006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RNA-based inheritance provides a reasonable hypothesis to explain multigenerational maintenance of the disease in the progeny of either a male or female parent suffering from the metabolic syndrome (obesity and type 2 diabetes) induced by abnormal diet. Although, it is still difficult to formulate a complete rational mechanism, study of inheritance is a most direct way to learn about the epigenetic control of gene expression and we wished to summarised our current approach along this line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm U1091 – CNRS U7277, Nice 06034, France
| | - François Cuzin
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm U1091 – CNRS U7277, Nice 06034, France
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18
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Druelle N, Vieira A, Shabro A, Courtney M, Mondin M, Rekima S, Napolitano T, Silvano S, Navarro-Sanz S, Hadzic B, Avolio F, Rassoulzadegan M, Schmid HA, Mansouri A, Collombat P. Ectopic expression of Pax4 in pancreatic δ cells results in β-like cell neogenesis. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4299-4311. [PMID: 29025873 PMCID: PMC5716283 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes can result from the loss or dysfunction of insulin-producing δ cells. Druelle et al. find that ectopic expression of the pancreatic beta cell master gene Pax4 in somatostatin-expressing δ cells triggers an endocrine cell neogenesis process. Importantly, the beta-like cells thereby generated are functional and can partly reverse the consequences of chemically induced diabetes. The recent demonstration that pancreatic α cells can be continuously regenerated and converted into β-like cells upon ectopic expression of Pax4 opened new avenues of research in the endocrine cell differentiation and diabetes fields. To determine whether such plasticity was also shared by δ cells, we generated and characterized transgenic animals that express Pax4 specifically in somatostatin-expressing cells. We demonstrate that the ectopic expression of Pax4 in δ cells is sufficient to induce their conversion into functional β-like cells. Importantly, this conversion induces compensatory mechanisms involving the reactivation of endocrine developmental processes that result in dramatic β-like cell hyperplasia. Importantly, these β-like cells are functional and can partly reverse the consequences of chemically induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Druelle
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Andhira Vieira
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Aidin Shabro
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | | | - Magali Mondin
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Samah Rekima
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Tiziana Napolitano
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Serena Silvano
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Sergi Navarro-Sanz
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Biljana Hadzic
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Fabio Avolio
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | | | - Ahmed Mansouri
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Collombat
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
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19
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Abstract
The hereditary transmission of a phenotype independent from DNA sequence implies epigenetic effects. Paramutation is a heritable epigenetic phenomenon observed in plants and animals. To investigate paramutation in Drosophila, we used the P{ry+t7.2= PZ}Dl05151 P-element insertion in the Drosophila melanogaster genome that causes a dominant visible phenotype: the presence of characteristic extra-veins in the fly wings. This extra-vein phenotype presents variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. The insert is a PZ element located 680 bp upstream from the ATG of the Delta (Dl) gene, encoding the Notch ligand involved in wing vein development, and acts as a null allele. In the G2 offspring from a cross between the heterozygous transgenic stock and wild-type flies, we observed the transmission of the extra-vein phenotype to wild-type flies without the transgene, independently of gender and across many generations. This is a “paramutation-like” example in the fly: the heritable transmission of a phenotypic change not linked to a classical genetic mutation. A “paramutagenic” allele in heterozygotes transmits the phenotype of the heterozygotes to the wild-type allele (“paramutant”) in a stable manner through generations. Distinct from paramutation events so far described in Drosophila, here we deal with a dominant effect on a single gene involving variable hereditary signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Capovilla
- UMR 1355–7254 INRA/Université Côte d’Azur/CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia Antipolis, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Alain Robichon
- UMR 1355–7254 INRA/Université Côte d’Azur/CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia Antipolis, France
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20
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Ghanbarian H, Wagner N, Polo B, Baudouy D, Kiani J, Michiels JF, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M, Wagner KD. Dnmt2/Trdmt1 as Mediator of RNA Polymerase II Transcriptional Activity in Cardiac Growth. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156953. [PMID: 27270731 PMCID: PMC4894585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dnmt2/Trdmt1 is a methyltransferase, which has been shown to methylate tRNAs. Deficient mutants were reported to exhibit various, seemingly unrelated, defects in development and RNA-mediated epigenetic heredity. Here we report a role in a distinct developmental regulation effected by a noncoding RNA. We show that Dnmt2-deficiency in mice results in cardiac hypertrophy. Echocardiographic measurements revealed that cardiac function is preserved notwithstanding the increased dimensions of the organ due to cardiomyocyte enlargement. Mechanistically, activation of the P-TEFb complex, a critical step for cardiac growth, results from increased dissociation of the negatively regulating Rn7sk non-coding RNA component in Dnmt2-deficient cells. Our data suggest that Dnmt2 plays an unexpected role for regulation of cardiac growth by modulating activity of the P-TEFb complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ghanbarian
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06100, Nice, France
| | - Beatrice Polo
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06100, Nice, France
| | - Delphine Baudouy
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06100, Nice, France
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jean-François Michiels
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France
- Department of Pathology, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | - François Cuzin
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06100, Nice, France
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06100, Nice, France
- * E-mail: (MR); (KDW)
| | - Kay-Dietrich Wagner
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06100, Nice, France
- * E-mail: (MR); (KDW)
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21
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Grandjean V, Fourré S, De Abreu DAF, Derieppe MA, Remy JJ, Rassoulzadegan M. RNA-mediated paternal heredity of diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18193. [PMID: 26658372 PMCID: PMC4677355 DOI: 10.1038/srep18193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The paternal heredity of obesity and diabetes induced by a high-fat and/or high-sugar diet (Western-like diet) has been demonstrated through epidemiological analysis of human cohorts and experimental analysis, but the nature of the hereditary vector inducing this newly acquired phenotype is not yet well defined. Here, we show that microinjection of either testis or sperm RNA of male mice fed a Western-like diet into naive one-cell embryos leads to the establishment of the Western-like diet-induced metabolic phenotype in the resulting progenies, whereas RNAs prepared from healthy controls did not. Among multiple sequence differences between the testis transcriptomes of the sick and healthy fathers, we noted that several microRNAs had increased expression, which was of interest because this class of noncoding RNA is known to be involved in epigenetic control of gene expression. When microinjected into naive one-cell embryos, one of these small RNA, i.e., the microRNA miR19b, induced metabolic alterations that are similar to the diet-induced phenotype. Furthermore, this pathological phenotype was inherited by the offspring after crosses with healthy partners. Our results indicate that acquired food-induced trait inheritance might be enacted by RNA signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Grandjean
- Inserm, U1091, Nice, F-06108.,CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108, France.,University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, F-06108
| | - Sandra Fourré
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR 6079 CNRS-UNSA, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | - Marie-Alix Derieppe
- Inserm, U1091, Nice, F-06108.,CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108, France.,University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, F-06108
| | | | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Inserm, U1091, Nice, F-06108.,CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108, France.,University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, F-06108
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22
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Abstract
Epigenetic variation, a stable alteration in gene expression, occurs at multiple moments during development. Several instances of non-Mendelian transmission to the progenies modes are very intriguing. Studies of the mode of hereditary transmission revealed in a series of such cases a role of noncoding RNA molecules as inducers. While still an enigmatic mechanism, emerging models pinpoint to a more general roles of these variations, initiated as a response to genetic and environmental variation. Here we compare the known modes of transgenerational epigenetic variation in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm U1091 - CNRS U7277, 06034 Nice, France.
| | - François Cuzin
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm U1091 - CNRS U7277, 06034 Nice, France
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Abstract
In addition to the Mendelian mutations, several instances of heritable phenotypic variation have been reported. We have observed, in mice, a role for sperm RNAs in the induction of such stable phenotypic variation. When experimentally transferred by RNA microinjection into fertilized mouse eggs, the noncoding RNAs homologous in sequence to the target locus are efficient inducers of variation at the transcriptional level. Transmission of the phenotypic variation to progeny is highly efficient and independent of gender. Here, we have summarized these finding and how they relate to other reports of epigenetic variation.
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Kiani J, Grandjean V, Liebers R, Tuorto F, Ghanbarian H, Lyko F, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. RNA-mediated epigenetic heredity requires the cytosine methyltransferase Dnmt2. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003498. [PMID: 23717211 PMCID: PMC3662642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA–mediated transmission of phenotypes is an important way to explain non-Mendelian heredity. We have previously shown that small non-coding RNAs can induce hereditary epigenetic variations in mice and act as the transgenerational signalling molecules. Two prominent examples for these paramutations include the epigenetic modulation of the Kit gene, resulting in altered fur coloration, and the modulation of the Sox9 gene, resulting in an overgrowth phenotype. We now report that expression of the Dnmt2 RNA methyltransferase is required for the establishment and hereditary maintenance of both paramutations. Our data show that the Kit paramutant phenotype was not transmitted to the progeny of Dnmt2−/− mice and that the Sox9 paramutation was also not established in Dnmt2−/− embryos. Similarly, RNA from Dnmt2-negative Kit heterozygotes did not induce the paramutant phenotype when microinjected into Dnmt2-deficient fertilized eggs and microinjection of the miR-124 microRNA failed to induce the characteristic giant phenotype. In agreement with an RNA–mediated mechanism of inheritance, no change was observed in the DNA methylation profiles of the Kit locus between the wild-type and paramutant mice. RNA bisulfite sequencing confirmed Dnmt2-dependent tRNA methylation in mouse sperm and also indicated Dnmt2-dependent cytosine methylation in Kit RNA in paramutant embryos. Together, these findings uncover a novel function of Dnmt2 in RNA–mediated epigenetic heredity. The possibility of a mode of inheritance distinct from the Mendelian model has been considered since the early days of genetics. Only recently, however, suitable experimental models were created. We now see the development of new experimental systems detecting non-Mendelian inheritance in a variety of organisms, from worms to mice. We have previously shown that RNA molecules act as transgenerational inducers of epigenetic variations in mice. We are currently using Mendelian genetics to dissect the factors involved in RNA–mediated transgenerational signalling. By showing an absolute requirement for Dnmt2 in this process, our study extends our knowledge of this still somewhat enigmatic protein. We confirmed that RNA rather than DNA methylation by the protein is involved in epigenetic heredity, and our genetic results indicate a requirement during an early step in the reproductive process, between parental gametogenesis and the preimplantation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Kiani
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- Inserm UMR1091, CNRS UMR7277, Nice, France
| | - Valérie Grandjean
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- Inserm UMR1091, CNRS UMR7277, Nice, France
| | - Reinhard Liebers
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Tuorto
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hossein Ghanbarian
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- Inserm UMR1091, CNRS UMR7277, Nice, France
| | - Frank Lyko
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - François Cuzin
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- Inserm UMR1091, CNRS UMR7277, Nice, France
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- Inserm UMR1091, CNRS UMR7277, Nice, France
- * E-mail:
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25
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Enayat MS, Ravanbod S, Rassoulzadegan M, Jazebi M, Ala F, Budde U, Schneppenheim S, Obser T, Schneppenheim R. Identification of a homozygous Cys410Ser mutation in the von Willebrand factor D2 domain causing type 2A(IIC) von Willebrand disease phenotype in an Iranian patient. Haemophilia 2013; 19:e261-4. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Enayat
- Iranian Comprehensive Haemophilia Care Centre; Tehran; (IR)Iran
| | - S. Ravanbod
- Iranian Comprehensive Haemophilia Care Centre; Tehran; (IR)Iran
| | | | - M. Jazebi
- Iranian Comprehensive Haemophilia Care Centre; Tehran; (IR)Iran
| | - F. Ala
- Iranian Comprehensive Haemophilia Care Centre; Tehran; (IR)Iran
| | - U. Budde
- Asklepios Clinic Altona; Medilys Central Laboratory Coagulation; Hamburg; Germany
| | - S. Schneppenheim
- Asklepios Clinic Altona; Medilys Central Laboratory Coagulation; Hamburg; Germany
| | - T. Obser
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology; University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg; Germany
| | - R. Schneppenheim
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology; University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg; Germany
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Abstract
Transcriptionally silent sperm contains a variety of RNA fragments of both coding and non-coding transcripts. A recent article by Peng and colleagues reveals several new families of small RNAs enriched in sperm, which are derived from the same locus as tRNAs. The finding of these short fragments of tRNA in the sperm raises once again the question of the possible function(s) of such a miniaturized form of information carried by the spermatozoon.
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Kawano M, Kawaji H, Grandjean V, Kiani J, Rassoulzadegan M. Novel small noncoding RNAs in mouse spermatozoa, zygotes and early embryos. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44542. [PMID: 22984523 PMCID: PMC3440372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of a significant amount of RNA in spermatozoa contradicted the previously held belief that paternal contribution was limited to one copy of the genome. Furthermore, detection of RNA in sperm raised the intriguing question of its possible role in embryonic development. The possibility that RNAs may serve as epigenetic determinants was supported by experiments showing inheritance of epigenetic traits in mice mediated by RNA. We used high-throughput, large-scale sequencing technology to analyze sperm RNA. The RNA sequences generated were diverse in terms of length and included mRNAs, rRNAs, piRNAs, and miRNAs. We studied two small noncoding RNAs enriched in mature sperm, designated sperm RNAs (spR) -12 and -13. They are both encoded in a piRNA locus on chromosome 17, but neither their length (20-21 nt), nor their sequences correspond to known piRNAs or miRNAs. They are resistant to periodate-oxidation-mediated reaction, implying that they undergo terminal post-transcriptional modification. Both were detected in sperm and ovulated unfertilized oocytes, present in one-cell embryos and maintained in preimplantation stages, but not at later differentiation stages. These findings offer a new perspective regarding a possibly important role for gamete-specific small RNAs in early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuoki Kawano
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Valérie Grandjean
- Inserm, U636, Nice, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique du Développement Normal et Pathologique, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Inserm, U636, Nice, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique du Développement Normal et Pathologique, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Inserm, U636, Nice, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique du Développement Normal et Pathologique, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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Rassoulzadegan M, Cuzin F. The making of an organ: RNA mediated developmental controls in mice. Organogenesis 2012; 6:33-6. [PMID: 20592863 DOI: 10.4161/org.6.1.11094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Based initially on the observation of inheritance patterns at variance with Mendel's first law, hereditary epigenetic variations were evidenced in the mouse. Modulating the transcription of a locus, they are induced by RNAs with sequence homology to the transcript. RNAs transferred by the gamete, including sperm, to the fertilized egg appeared to be responsible for transgenerational maintenance of the variant phenotypes. Instances of RNA-dependent variations so far analyzed in the mouse-a pathological deviation of heart development and a syndrome of gigantism initiated by hyperproliferation of embryonic stem cells-suggest a general dependence of organogenesis on epigenetic controls of gene expression. "I conclude it is impossible to say we know the limit of variation."-Charles Darwin. One of the most fascinating visions offered to the biologist is to watch the fertilized egg ingeniously unfolding a program to create a novel being. Development takes place by activating networks of gene activation that result in the proper adjustment of cell growth and functional differentiation. How is the whole process started? Thoughts are generally centered on the activation of critical genes at the early stages due to a newly acquired organization of their chromatin structures. Is the embryo induced to start a given program by molecules contributed by the maternal and paternal gametes? While genetic determinants are clearly essential, the epigenetic landscape largely dominates our current way of thinking. In this essay, we will focus on the evidence showing that RNA molecules are present in the gametes and that RNA can modulate the robust genetic program of organ formation in the mouse.
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Ghanbarian H, Grandjean V, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. A Network of Regulations by Small Non-Coding RNAs: The P-TEFb Kinase in Development and Pathology. Front Genet 2011; 2:95. [PMID: 22303389 PMCID: PMC3268644 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2011.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Part of the heterodimeric P-TEF-b element of the Pol II transcription machinery, the cyclin-dependent kinase 9 plays a critical role in gene expression. Phosphorylation of several residues in the polymerase is required for elongation of transcript. It determines the rates of transcription and thus, plays a critical role in several differentiation pathways, best documented in heart development. The synthesis and activity of the protein are tightly regulated in a coordinated manner by at least three non-coding RNAs. First, its kinase activity is reversibly inhibited by formation of a complex with the 334 nt 7SK RNA, from which it is released under conditions of stress. Then, heart development requires a maximal rate of synthesis during cardiomyocyte differentiation, followed by a decrease in the differentiated state. The latter is insured by microRNA-mediated translational inhibition. In a third mode of RNA control, increased levels of transcription are induced by small non-coding RNA molecules with sequences homologous to the transcript. Designated paramutation, this epigenetic variation, stable during development, and hereditarily transmitted in a non-Mendelian manner over several generations, is thought to be a response to the inactivation of one of the two alleles by an abnormal recombination event such as insertion of a transposon.
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Keber R, Motaln H, Wagner KD, Debeljak N, Rassoulzadegan M, Ačimovič J, Rozman D, Horvat S. Mouse knockout of the cholesterogenic cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (Cyp51) resembles Antley-Bixler syndrome. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:29086-29097. [PMID: 21705796 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.253245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antley-Bixler syndrome (ABS) represents a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by skeletal, cardiac, and urogenital abnormalities that have frequently been associated with mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 or cytochrome P450 reductase genes. In some ABS patients, reduced activity of the cholesterogenic cytochrome P450 CYP51A1, an ortholog of the mouse CYP51, and accumulation of lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol has been reported, but the role of CYP51A1 in the ABS etiology has remained obscure. To test whether Cyp51 could be involved in generating an ABS-like phenotype, a mouse knock-out model was developed that exhibited several prenatal ABS-like features leading to lethality at embryonic day 15. Cyp51(-/-) mice had no functional Cyp51 mRNA and no immunodetectable CYP51 protein. The two CYP51 enzyme substrates (lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol) were markedly accumulated. Cholesterol precursors downstream of the CYP51 enzymatic step were not detected, indicating that the targeting in this study blocked de novo cholesterol synthesis. This was reflected in the up-regulation of 10 cholesterol synthesis genes, with the exception of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase. Lethality was ascribed to heart failure due to hypoplasia, ventricle septum, and epicardial and vasculogenesis defects, suggesting that Cyp51 deficiency was involved in heart development and coronary vessel formation. As the most likely downstream molecular mechanisms, alterations were identified in the sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid signaling pathways. Cyp51 knock-out mice provide evidence that Cyp51 is essential for embryogenesis and present a potential animal model for studying ABS syndrome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Keber
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Motaln
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kay D Wagner
- INSERM U907, Parc Valrose, Nice, France; Université de Nice, Sophia-Antipolis, Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Nataša Debeljak
- Institute of Biochemistry, Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Université de Nice, Sophia-Antipolis, Parc Valrose, Nice, France; Centre de Biochimie, INSERM U636, Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Jure Ačimovič
- Institute of Biochemistry, Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Horvat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia and.
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Grandjean V, Gounon P, Wagner N, Martin L, Wagner KD, Bernex F, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. The miR-124-Sox9 paramutation: RNA-mediated epigenetic control of embryonic and adult growth. Development 2009; 136:3647-55. [PMID: 19820183 DOI: 10.1242/dev.041061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The size of the mammalian body is determined by genetic and environmental factors differentially modulating pre- and postnatal growth. We now report a control of growth acting in the mouse from the first cleavages to the postnatal stages. It was evidenced by a hereditary epigenetic modification (paramutation) created by injection of a miR-124 microRNA into fertilized eggs. From the blastocyst to the adult, mouse pups born after microinjection of this miRNA showed a 30% increase in size. At the blastocyst stage, frequent duplication of the inner cell mass resulted in twin pregnancies. A role of sperm RNA as a transgenerational signal was confirmed by the giant phenotype of the progeny of transgenic males expressing miR-124 during spermiogenesis. In E2.5 to E8.5 embryos, increased levels of several transcripts with sequence homology to the microRNA were noted, including those of Sox9, a gene known for its crucial role in the progenitors of several adult tissues. A role in embryonic growth was confirmed by the large size of embryos expressing a Sox9 DNA transgene. Increased expression in the paramutants was not related to a change in miR-124 expression, but to the establishment of a distinct, heritable chromatin structure in the promoter region of Sox9. While the heritability of body size is not readily accounted for by Mendelian genetics, our results suggest the alternate model of RNA-mediated heritable epigenetic modifications.
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Grandjean V, Rassoulzadegan M. Épigénétique du spermatozoïde : un rôle inattendu de l’ARN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 37:558-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Rassoulzadegan M. A response to 'Mammalian paramutation: a tail's tale?'--a commentary by H. Arnheiter on our paramutation paper. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2008; 22:140-1; author reply 142-3. [PMID: 19054343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2008.00521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wagner KD, Wagner N, Ghanbarian H, Grandjean V, Gounon P, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. RNA induction and inheritance of epigenetic cardiac hypertrophy in the mouse. Dev Cell 2008; 14:962-9. [PMID: 18539123 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation shapes normal and pathological mammalian development and physiology. Our previous work showed that Kit RNAs injected into fertilized mouse eggs can produce heritable epigenetic defects, or paramutations, with relevant loss-of-function pigmentation phenotypes, which affect adult phenotypes in multiple succeeding generations of mice. Here, we illustrate the relevance of paramutation to pathophysiology by injecting fertilized mouse eggs with RNAs targeting Cdk9, a key regulator of cardiac growth. Microinjecting fragments of either the coding region or the related microRNA miR-1 led to high levels of expression of homologous RNA, resulting in an epigenetic defect, cardiac hypertrophy, whose efficient hereditary transmission correlated with the presence of miR-1 in the sperm nucleus. In this case, paramutation increased rather than decreased expression of Cdk9. These results highlight the diversity of RNA-mediated epigenetic effects and may provide a paradigm for clinical cases of familial diseases whose inheritance is not fully explained in Mendelian terms.
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Cuzin F, Grandjean V, Rassoulzadegan M. Inherited variation at the epigenetic level: paramutation from the plant to the mouse. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2008; 18:193-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rassoulzadegan M, Grandjean V, Gounon P, Cuzin F. Hérédité épigénétique chez la souris : implication d'ARN et de microARN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 201:397-9. [DOI: 10.1051/jbio:2007911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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38
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Fard-Esfahani P, Lari GR, Ravanbod S, Mirkhani F, Allahyari M, Rassoulzadegan M, Ala F. Seven novel point mutations in the F11 gene in Iranian FXI-deficient patients. Haemophilia 2007; 14:91-5. [PMID: 18005151 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Factor XI (FXI) deficiency disorder is caused by defects in the F11 gene. The affected patients may suffer unexpected and major bleeding after trauma. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify the mutations underlying FXI deficiency in Iranian patients. The genetic basis of FXI deficiency was investigated in nine Iranian patients from unrelated families using conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) and direct sequencing. Nine different mutations were detected among which seven changes were not previously reported. Among the novel mutations, one was a point mutation that interfered with normal splicing of the mRNA; the other six changes were missense mutations that resulted in amino acid substitutions. Five mutations out of nine were heterozygous and were found in moderately affected patients, whereas the other four changes were homozygous among severely affected patients.
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Olive V, Wagner N, Chan S, Kastner P, Vannetti C, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. PU.1 (Sfpi1), a pleiotropic regulator expressed from the first embryonic stages with a crucial function in germinal progenitors. Development 2007; 134:3815-25. [PMID: 17913791 DOI: 10.1242/dev.003467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the adult mammalian testis, spermatogenic differentiation starts from a minute population of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). SSCs are generated after birth from the fetal gonocytes, themselves derived from the primordial germ cells (PGCs), which are specified during the first days after implantation. Transcriptome profiling of purified preparations evidenced the preferential accumulation in SSCs of transcripts of PU.1(Sfpi1), a regulatory gene previously identified in hematopoietic progenitors. In situ immunolabeling and RNA determination showed a complex pattern of expression in the adult testis, first in SSCs and early spermatogonia followed by de novo expression in pachytene spermatocytes. Spermatogenesis in a null mutant (PU.1G/G) was arrested at the prenatal stage, with reduced numbers of gonocytes owing to a defect in proliferation already noticeable at E12.5. Transcripts of several germinal markers, including vasa (Mvh, Ddx4), Oct4 (Pou5f1), Dazl and Taf4b, were detected, whereas stella (PGC7,Dppa3) was not. Germ cells of PU.1G/G newborn testes grafted in nude mice did not initiate the postnatal replicative stage, whereas grafts of their wild-type littermates underwent complete spermatogenesis. During embryonic development, PU.1 transcription was initiated as early as the blastocyst stage, with a generalized expression at E6.5 in the embryonic ectoderm. PU.1 therefore appears to play a determinant role in at least two distinct lineages and, given its wide range of expression,possibly in other stem cells.
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Abstract
Hereditary epigenetic variation, initially recognized and studied extensively in plants, had not been reported in mammals until recently. We have now identified the Kit locus as the first example of a paramutable gene of the mouse. Kit(+/+) homozygotes born from Kit(tm1Alf)(/+) heterozygotes maintain and transmit to their progeny the white-spotted phenotype characteristic of the mutant heterozygote. Our observation of unusual amounts of RNA in the sperm of the paramutated (Kit*) males had led us to consider the possibility of RNA-mediated inheritance. A role for RNA was supported further by the efficient establishment of the epigenetic modification following microinjection in one-cell embryos of either sperm RNA of the paramutated males or of the Kit-specific microRNAs miR-221 and -222. In this article, we describe the phenotypes associated with the wild-type genome in the Kit* paramutated animals. Paramutation may be considered to be one possibility of epigenetic modification in the case of familial disease predispositions that are not fully accounted for by Mendelian analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rassoulzadegan
- Inserm U636, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-06108 Nice, France.
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Gilgenkrantz H, Rassoulzadegan M. [Non-mendelian inheritance take over from RNA or revisited gene]. Med Sci (Paris) 2006; 22:669. [PMID: 16828046 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20062267669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Gilgenkrantz
- Inserm U567, CNRSUMR 81-04, Institut Cochin, 24, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
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Rassoulzadegan M, Grandjean V, Gounon P, Vincent S, Gillot I, Cuzin F. RNA-mediated non-mendelian inheritance of an epigenetic change in the mouse. Nature 2006; 441:469-74. [PMID: 16724059 DOI: 10.1038/nature04674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2005] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Paramutation is a heritable epigenetic modification induced in plants by cross-talk between allelic loci. Here we report a similar modification of the mouse Kit gene in the progeny of heterozygotes with the null mutant Kit(tm1Alf) (a lacZ insertion). In spite of a homozygous wild-type genotype, their offspring maintain, to a variable extent, the white spots characteristic of Kit mutant animals. Efficiently inherited from either male or female parents, the modified phenotype results from a decrease in Kit messenger RNA levels with the accumulation of non-polyadenylated RNA molecules of abnormal sizes. Sustained transcriptional activity at the postmeiotic stages--at which time the gene is normally silent--leads to the accumulation of RNA in spermatozoa. Microinjection into fertilized eggs either of total RNA from Kit(tm1Alf/+) heterozygotes or of Kit-specific microRNAs induced a heritable white tail phenotype. Our results identify an unexpected mode of epigenetic inheritance associated with the zygotic transfer of RNA molecules.
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Niavarani A, Dehghanizadeh S, Zeinali S, Karimi M, Magliano M, Rassoulzadegan M. Development of Transgenic Mice Expressing Calcitonin as a Beta-lactoglobulin Fusion Protein in Mammary Gland. Transgenic Res 2005; 14:719-27. [PMID: 16245163 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-005-7217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2004] [Accepted: 05/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Expression of foreign proteins in mammalian milk is becoming a widespread strategy for high-level production of recombinant pharmaceuticals, especially those with the most complex post-translational modifications. A milk-specific ovine beta-lactoglobulin (oBLG) promoter was used to drive expression of recombinant calcitonin in mouse milk. A gene construct was generated, consisting of 10.7 kbp of the oBLG gene including its promoter and 3' flanking region with the calcitonin coding sequences inserted in-frame into the oBLG fifth exon. After microinjection, six founder mice transmitted the transgene to their progeny. RT-PCR confirmed mammary-gland specific expression of recombinant mRNA in most transgenic mice and Western blot analysis confirmed expression of chimeric protein. Calcitonin can thus be expressed under the oBLG promoter and regulatory elements in a mammary-gland specific manner.
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Gillot I, Jehl-Pietri C, Gounon P, Luquet S, Rassoulzadegan M, Grimaldi P, Vidal F. Germ cells and fatty acids induce translocation of CD36 scavenger receptor to the plasma membrane of Sertoli cells. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:3027-35. [PMID: 15972317 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD36 scavenger receptor is involved in the uptake and transport of fatty acids, as well as the phagocytosis process in macrophages. We show here that the CD36 protein is expressed by Sertoli cells in the seminiferous epithelium, mainly during the stages where phagocytosis takes place. Using a Sertoli-derived cell line, we show that addition of germ cells and residual bodies triggers a re-localization of CD36 from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane of the cells, while latex beads do not. Moreover, Sertoli cell phagocytosis of germ cells, but not of latex beads, is reduced by the presence of fatty acids in the culture medium. In the testis, CD36 plays a key role in both phagocytosis and lipid recycling, for constant production of mature spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Gillot
- INSERM UMR 636, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Sciences-Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
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Abstract
We have evaluated the specificity of Cre recombinase activity in transgenic mice expressing Cre under the control of the synatonemal complex protein 1 (Sycp1) gene promoter. Sycp1Cre mice were crossed with the ROSA26 reporter line R26R, to monitor the male germ cell stage-specificity of Cre activity as well as to verify that Cre was not active previously during development of other tissues. X-gal staining detected Cre-mediated recombination only in testis. Detailed histological examination indicated that weak Cre-mediated recombination occurred as early as in zygotene spermatocytes at stage XI of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Robust expression of X-gal was detected in early to mid-late spermatocytes at stages V-VIII. We conclude that this transgenic line is a powerful tool for deleting genes of interest specifically during male meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanny S. W. Chung
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W, 168th street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | - Debra J. Wolgemuth
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W, 168th street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W, 168th street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Center for Reproductive Sciences, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W, 168th street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W, 168th street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W, 168th street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Author for correspondence:
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Luquet S, Lopez-Soriano J, Holst D, Fredenrich A, Melki J, Rassoulzadegan M, Grimaldi PA. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta controls muscle development and oxidative capability. FASEB J 2003; 17:2299-301. [PMID: 14525942 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-0269fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors exerting several functions in development and metabolism. The physiological functions of PPARdelta remain elusive. By using a CRE-Lox recombination approach, we generated an animal model for muscle-specific PPARdelta overexpression to investigate the role of PPARdelta in this tissue. Muscle-specific PPARdelta overexpression results in a profound change in fiber composition due to hyperplasia and/or shift to more oxidative fiber and, as a consequence, leads to the increase of both enzymatic activities and genes implicated in oxidative metabolism. These changes in muscle are accompanied by a reduction of body fat mass, mainly due to a large reduction of adipose cell size. Furthermore, we demonstrate that endurance exercise promotes an accumulation of PPARdelta protein in muscle of wild-type animals. Collectively, these results suggest that PPARdelta plays an important role in muscle development and adaptive response to environmental changes, such as training exercise. They strongly support the idea that activation of PPARdelta could be beneficial in prevention of metabolic disorders, such as obesity or type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Luquet
- Inserm U470, Centre de Biochimie, Parc Valrose, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice cedex 2, France
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Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. [Germ stem cells: from basic knowledge to their use in gene transfer]. Med Sci (Paris) 2003; 19:653-6. [PMID: 12942429 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20031967653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Lopez P, Yaman R, Lopez-Fernandez LA, Vidal F, Puel D, Clertant P, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. A novel germ line-specific gene of the phosducin-like protein (PhLP) family. A meiotic function conserved from yeast to mice. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:1751-7. [PMID: 12424248 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m207434200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified a new member of the phosducin-like (PhLP) protein family that is predominantly, if not exclusively, expressed in male and female germ cells. In situ analysis on testis sections and analysis of purified spermatogenic cell fractions evidenced a stage-specific expression with high levels of RNA and protein in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. Three mRNA species were detected, which correspond to different polyadenylation sites and vary in abundance during germ cell maturation. Only low levels of RNA were detected in whole ovary extracts, but expression of the protein became detectable within hours after hormonal induction of superovulation. The gene (Mgcphlp) is located on mouse chromosome 5 in the immediate vicinity of the Clock locus. The predicted amino acid sequence shows extensive similarities not only with the known mammalian PhLP proteins but also with the yeast phosducin-like protein Plp2, required for the production and growth of haploid cells. Expression of the murine protein was found to complement the defect of a yeast plp2 Delta mutant. We propose that MgcPhLP/Plp2 proteins exert a function in germ cell maturation that is conserved from yeast to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Lopez
- University of Nice, INSERM U470, 06108 Nice, France
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Giuili G, Tomljenovic A, Labrecque N, Oulad-Abdelghani M, Rassoulzadegan M, Cuzin F. Murine spermatogonial stem cells: targeted transgene expression and purification in an active state. EMBO Rep 2002; 3:753-9. [PMID: 12151334 PMCID: PMC1084203 DOI: 10.1093/embo-reports/kvf149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2002] [Revised: 05/06/2002] [Accepted: 06/06/2002] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A 400 bp fragment of the spermatogonia-specific Stra8 locus was sufficient to direct gene expression to the germinal stem cells in transgenic mice. A fractionation procedure was devised, based on immunomagnetic sorting of cells in which the promoter drives the expression of a surface functionally neutral protein tag. The purified cells expressed the known molecular markers of spermatogonia Rbm, cyclin A2 and EP-Cam, and the beta1- and alpha6-integrins characteristic of the stem cell fraction. A 700-fold enrichment in stem cells was determined by the ability of the purified fractions to re-establish spermatogenesis in germ cell-depleted recipient testes.
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Lopez P, Vidal F, Martin L, Lopez-Fernandez LA, Rual JF, Rosen BS, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. Gene control in germinal differentiation: RNF6, a transcription regulatory protein in the mouse sertoli cell. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:3488-96. [PMID: 11971979 PMCID: PMC133796 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.22.10.3488-3496.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In mouse Sertoli cells, transcription of the Inha gene encoding the alpha subunit of inhibin, which acts locally as a tumor suppressor, is down-regulated in tumors and in normal cells during aging. Previous studies suggested that regulation of Inha transcription involves the binding of a protein(s) to a repeat of the GGGGC motif in the promoter. Expression screening identified a cDNA encoding a protein that binds this sequence. Of the RING-H2 family, it is the mouse homologue of a human protein of unknown function, RNF6. The mouse gene, Rnf6, is predominantly expressed in two interacting cell types of the testis, Sertoli cells and pachytene spermatocytes. In Sertoli cells, it colocalizes with the PML and Daxx proteins in punctate nuclear bodies. In transient and stable transfectants, Rnf6 expression from a heterologous promoter increased the expression of reporter genes driven by the Inha promoter. In a Sertoli tumor cell line in which expression of both Inha and Rnf6 was reduced, reexpression of the latter restored the level of Inha while, concomitantly, the cells reverted to normal growth control in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Lopez
- Unité 470 de l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Nice, Nice, France
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