301
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Xiao JF, Caliri AW, Duex JE, Theodorescu D. Targetable Pathways in Advanced Bladder Cancer: FGFR Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4891. [PMID: 34638374 PMCID: PMC8507635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the 10th most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, accounting for around 573,000 new cases and 213,000 deaths in 2020. The current standard treatment for locally advanced bladder cancer is neoadjuvant cisplatin (NAC)-based chemotherapy followed by cystectomy. The significant progress being made in the genomic and molecular understandings of bladder cancer has uncovered the genetic alterations and signaling pathways that drive bladder cancer progression. These developments have led to a dramatic increase in the evaluation of molecular agents targeting at these alterations. One example is Erdafitinib, a first-in-class FGFR inhibitor being approved as second-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma with FGFR mutations. Immunotherapy has also been approved as second-line treatment for advanced and metastatic bladder cancer. Preclinical studies suggest targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy has the potential to markedly improve patient outcome. Given the prevalence of FGFR alternations in bladder cancer, here we review recent preclinical and clinical studies on FGFR inhibitors and analyze possible drug resistance mechanisms to these agents. We also discuss FGFR inhibitors in combination with other therapies and its potential to improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fen Xiao
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (J.-F.X.); (A.W.C.)
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Andrew W. Caliri
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (J.-F.X.); (A.W.C.)
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Jason E. Duex
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (J.-F.X.); (A.W.C.)
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
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302
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Integrative Transcriptome Profiling Reveals SKA3 as a Novel Prognostic Marker in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184673. [PMID: 34572901 PMCID: PMC8470398 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 80% of all new bladder cancer patients are diagnosed with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, approximately 15% of them progress to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), for which prognosis is poor. The current study aimed to improve diagnostic accuracy associated with clinical outcomes in NMIBC patients. Nevertheless, it has been challenging to identify molecular biomarkers that accurately predict MIBC progression because this disease is complex and heterogeneous. Through integrative transcriptome profiling, we showed that high SKA3 expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes and MIBC progression. We performed RNA sequencing on human tumor tissues to identify candidate biomarkers in NMIBC. We then selected genes with prognostic significance by analyzing public datasets from multiple cohorts of bladder cancer patients. We found that SKA3 was associated with NMIBC pathophysiology and poor survival. We analyzed public single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for bladder cancer to dissect transcriptional tumor heterogeneity. SKA3 was expressed in an epithelial cell subpopulation expressing genes regulating the cell cycle. Knockdown experiments confirmed that SKA3 promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation by accelerating G2/M transition. Hence, SKA3 is a new prognostic marker for predicting NMIBC progression. Its inhibition could form part of a novel treatment lowering the probability of bladder cancer progression.
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303
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Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Jia Z, Zhang Z, Yang J. Cancer derived exosomes induce macrophages immunosuppressive polarization to promote bladder cancer progression. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:93. [PMID: 34521440 PMCID: PMC8439012 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and other stromal cells including tumor associated macrophages plays an essential role in reprogramming tumor microenvironment (TME) to facilitate tumor progression. However, the mechanism of tumor derived exosomes promotes bladder cancer progression have not been defined. Methods Exosomes were extracted from bladder cancer cells MB49 conditioned medium by ultracentrifugation. The effects of MB49-derived exosomes on macrophages polarization were analyzed by qPCR, flow cytometry, and Western blot. The immunosuppressive phenotype and function of MB49-derived exosomes stimulated macrophages were verified by tumor xenograft assays and T cell co-culture experiments. Exosomal miRNAs were analyzed by microarray to identify potential targets regulating macrophage polarization. Results MB49-derived exosomes could be ingested by macrophages, consequently promoting macrophages immunosuppressive polarization. Mechanically, the MB49-derived exosomes induced macrophage M2 polarization was mediated by down-regulation of PTEN and activation of AKT/STAT3/6 signaling. Moreover, hindrance of the generation or secretion of exosomes by GW4869 inhibited macrophages differentiation into immunosuppressive phenotype and function, thereby suppressed tumor growth in a mouse subcutaneous tumor model. Conclusion Our study confirmed the contribution of bladder cancer derived exosomes on the establishment of immunosuppressive TME and provided a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer treatment. ![]()
Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-021-00768-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhankui Jia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhengguo Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Jinjian Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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304
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Dong B, Liang J, Li D, Song W, Zhao S, Ma Y, Song J, Zhu M, Yang T. Tumor Expression Profile Analysis Developed and Validated a Prognostic Model Based on Immune-Related Genes in Bladder Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:696912. [PMID: 34512722 PMCID: PMC8429908 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.696912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) ranks 10th in incidence among malignant tumors and 6th in incidence among malignant tumors in males. With the application of immune therapy, the overall survival (OS) rate of BLCA patients has greatly improved, but the 5-year survival rate of BLCA patients is still low. Furthermore, not every BLCA patient benefits from immunotherapy, and there are a limited number of biomarkers for predicting the immunotherapy response. Therefore, novel biomarkers for predicting the immunotherapy response and prognosis of BLCA are urgently needed. Methods: The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, clinical data and gene annotation files for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BLCA cohort were extracted from the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) Xena Browser. The BLCA datasets GSE31684 and GSE32894 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were extracted for external validation. Immune-related genes were extracted from InnateDB. Significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the R package “limma,” and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis for the DEGs were performed using R package “clusterProfiler.” Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis were used to construct the signature model. The infiltration level of each immune cell type was estimated using the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm. The performance of the model was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves. Results: In total, 1,040 immune-related DEGs were identified, and eight signature genes were selected to construct a model using LASSO regression analysis. The risk score of BLCA patients based on the signature model was negatively correlated with OS and the immunotherapy response. The ROC curve for OS revealed that the model had good accuracy. The calibration curve showed good agreement between the predictions and actual observations. Conclusions: Herein, we constructed an immune-related eight-gene signature that could be a potential biomarker to predict the immunotherapy response and prognosis of BLCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Dong
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Liang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenping Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiming Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongkang Ma
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Song
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingkai Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiejun Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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305
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Lee HW, Seo HK. Fibroblast Growth Factor Inhibitors for Treating Locally Advanced/Metastatic Bladder Urothelial Carcinomas via Dual Targeting of Tumor-Specific Oncogenic Signaling and the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9526. [PMID: 34502435 PMCID: PMC8431699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial bladder cancer (a/m UBC) is currently treated using platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the preferred second-line treatment options for cisplatin-eligible a/m UBC patients and as first-line options in cisplatin-ineligible settings. However, the response rates for ICI monotherapy are modest (~20%), which necessitates the exploration of alternative strategies. Dysregulated activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling enhances tumor proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. The recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of erdafitinib and the emergence of other potent and selective FGFR inhibitors (FGFRis) have shifted the treatment paradigm for patients with a/m UBC harboring actionable FGFR2 or FGFR3 genomic alterations, who often have a minimal-to-modest response to ICIs. FGFRi-ICI combinations are therefore worth exploring, and their preliminary response rates and safety profiles are promising. In the present review, we summarize the impact of altered FGFR signaling on a/m UBC tumor evolution, the clinical development of FGFRis, the rationale for FGFRi-ICI combinations, current trials, and prospective research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Lee
- Department of Urology, Center for Urologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;
| | - Ho Kyung Seo
- Department of Urology, Center for Urologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Research Institute, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
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306
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Abdelzaher Ahmed E, Abdel Bary Abdel-Latif A, Fahmy AM, Elzarrouk Mania I. Differential lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) expression confers aggressiveness and independently predicts recurrence in bladder urothelial carcinomas. J Histotechnol 2021; 44:196-205. [PMID: 34378492 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2021.1924971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bladder urothelial carcinomas are diverse in terms of biological behavior and this reflects the underlying complex metabolic and molecular pathways. Novel biomarkers that could assist in the management and outcome prediction of bladder urothelial carcinomas are eagerly needed. Recently, overexpression of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1), a key enzyme in lipid metabolism, has been implicated in the evolvement of several tumors. In this study, LPCAT1 immunohistochemical expression was evaluated and statistically analyzed in 60 bladder urothelial carcinomas in relation to other clinicopathological parameters including the patient outcome. Twenty non-neoplastic bladder tissues served as a control group. Cases were followed up for a mean period of 9 months. LPCAT1 was expressed in all bladder urothelial carcinoma cases with two distinct patterns designated as high and low nuclear expression. Low LPCAT1 nuclear expression was detected in urothelial carcinoma cases as compared to the control group. Similarly, low nuclear expression of LPCAT1 was associated with high grade and invasive tumors and could independently predict tumor recurrence and short survival. In conclusion, LPCAT1 downregulation might be involved in bladder urothelial carcinoma tumorigenesis and could contribute to tumor aggressive phenotype. Retained LPCAT1 expression is an independent predictor of tumor recurrence and it represents a promising prognostic marker for patients' risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abdelzaher Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Mahmoud Fahmy
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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307
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Cheng F, Zheng B, Si S, Wang J, Zhao G, Yao Z, Niu Z, He W. The Roles of CircRNAs in Bladder Cancer: Biomarkers, Tumorigenesis Drivers, and Therapeutic Targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:666863. [PMID: 34350174 PMCID: PMC8326561 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.666863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most prevalent malignancy of the urinary system. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel subtype of non-coding RNAs, play a crucial role in physiological and developmental processes. CircRNAs mainly function as regulators of splicing process and transcription, microRNA sponges, and protein brackets. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of BCa have led to the identification of an abundance of dysregulated circRNAs associated with BCa. These aberrantly expressed circRNAs eventually lead to abnormalities in biological, genetic, and epigenetic information. In this review, we introduce the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers for BCa diagnosis and prognosis. Notably, diverse mechanisms have been proposed for circRNAs driving carcinogenesis, including increasing cell proliferation, promoting invasive and migratory capacity, enhancing endothelial–mesenchymal transition, sustaining stemness, and enabling resistance to chemotherapy. Importantly, a full understanding of circRNA mechanisms is needed to mine promising therapeutic approaches for targeting BCa. In this paper, we present the latest advances in circRNAs and systemically summarize the characteristics and mechanisms of circRNAs in BCa, providing potential perspectives for BCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajuan Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shubin Si
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Yiyuan County, Zibo, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guiting Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongshun Yao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihong Niu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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308
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Xu X, Xie B, Li S, Wang S, Xia D, Meng H. Association of dietary tomato intake with bladder cancer risk in a prospective cohort of 101,683 individuals with 12.5 years of follow-up. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17629-17637. [PMID: 34244460 PMCID: PMC8312424 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have provided limited evidence for the effect of tomato intake on bladder cancer incidence. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary tomato or lycopene consumption and bladder cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression model adjusting for confounders. After a median of 12.5 years of follow-up, 774 incident bladder cancer cases were identified. We found no statistically significant association between dietary intake of raw tomatoes and bladder cancer risk (Adjusted model: HRQ5 VS Q1 = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.95-1.52; P for trend = 0.243). Dietary intakes of tomato catsup, tomato salsa and tomato juice were also not associated with the risk of bladder cancer (all P for trend > 0.05). There was no statistically significant association between dietary consumption of lycopene and bladder cancer risk (Adjusted model: HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.04, 95% CI 0.82-1.33; P for trend = 0.590). In summary, analysis of the PLCO study suggested that dietary consumption of tomato or lycopene was not associated with the risk of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongzhou Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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309
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Zang J, Ye K, Fei Y, Zhang R, Chen H, Zhuang G. Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Insights From Single-Cell Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:696716. [PMID: 34123863 PMCID: PMC8187798 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.696716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is a global challenge of public health with limited therapeutic options. Although the emergence of cancer immunotherapy, most notably immune checkpoint inhibitors, represents a major breakthrough in the past decade, many patients still suffer from unsatisfactory clinical outcome. A thorough understanding of the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for antitumor immunity may lead to optimized treatment guidelines and new immunotherapeutic strategies. With technological developments and protocol refinements, single-cell approaches have become powerful tools that provide unprecedented insights into the kaleidoscopic tumor microenvironment and intricate cell-cell communications. In this review, we summarize recent applications of single-cell analysis in characterizing the UBC multicellular ecosystem, and discuss how to leverage the high-resolution information for more effective immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haige Chen
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanglei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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310
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Li Y, Sun L, Guo X, Mo N, Zhang J, Li C. Frontiers in Bladder Cancer Genomic Research. Front Oncol 2021; 11:670729. [PMID: 34094968 PMCID: PMC8173177 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.670729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the etiology studies of bladder cancer focus on genetic changes, mainly including mutation and activation of oncogenes, mutation and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and rearrangement or heterozygous deletion of chromosomes. Moreover, bladder cancer is highly heterogeneous mainly due to abnormal changes in the genome and proteome of tumor cells. Surgery is the main treatment for bladder cancer, but because the recurrence rate is high after surgery and most of the muscle-invasive bladder cancer acquires distant metastasis. Therefore, there is a need to combine with chemotherapy to consolidate the treatment effect. However, there are differences in chemosensitivity among patients. In this article, we review the up-to-date genomic researches on bladder cancer occurrence, development, metastasis, and chemosensitivity in patients, in order to provide some theoretical support for the diagnosis and treatment strategy for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Sun
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Mo
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinku Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Early Diagnosis of Tumor in Hebei Province, First Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China
| | - Chong Li
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Early Diagnosis of Tumor in Hebei Province, First Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China.,Department of Immunology, Beijing Jianlan Institute of Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Immunology, Beijing Zhongke Jianlan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
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311
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Vavrinsky E, Stopjakova V, Kopani M, Kosnacova H. The Concept of Advanced Multi-Sensor Monitoring of Human Stress. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3499. [PMID: 34067895 PMCID: PMC8157129 DOI: 10.3390/s21103499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many people live under stressful conditions which has an adverse effect on their health. Human stress, especially long-term one, can lead to a serious illness. Therefore, monitoring of human stress influence can be very useful. We can monitor stress in strictly controlled laboratory conditions, but it is time-consuming and does not capture reactions, on everyday stressors or in natural environment using wearable sensors, but with limited accuracy. Therefore, we began to analyze the current state of promising wearable stress-meters and the latest advances in the record of related physiological variables. Based on these results, we present the concept of an accurate, reliable and easier to use telemedicine device for long-term monitoring of people in a real life. In our concept, we ratify with two synchronized devices, one on the finger and the second on the chest. The results will be obtained from several physiological variables including electrodermal activity, heart rate and respiration, body temperature, blood pressure and others. All these variables will be measured using a coherent multi-sensors device. Our goal is to show possibilities and trends towards the production of new telemedicine equipment and thus, opening the door to a widespread application of human stress-meters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Vavrinsky
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 81272 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Viera Stopjakova
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Martin Kopani
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 81272 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Helena Kosnacova
- Department of Simulation and Virtual Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 81272 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
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312
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Yang Z, Li Q, Zheng X, Xie L. Long Noncoding RNA Small Nucleolar Host Gene: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Urological Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638721. [PMID: 33968736 PMCID: PMC8100577 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of urological cancer has been gradually increasing in the last few decades. However, current diagnostic tools and treatment strategies continue to have limitations. Substantial evidence shows that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential roles in carcinogenesis and the progression, treatment response and prognosis of multiple human cancers, including urological cancers, gastrointestinal tumours, reproductive cancers and respiratory neoplasms. LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs), a subgroup of lncRNAs, have been found to be dysregulated in tumour cell biology. In this review, we summarize the impacts of lncRNA SNHGs in urological malignancies and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinchen Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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