301
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Salimi F, Forouzandeh Moghadam M, Rajabibazl M. Development of a novel anti-HER2 scFv by ribosome display and in silico evaluation of its 3D structure and interaction with HER2, alone and after fusion to LAMP2B. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2247-2256. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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302
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Vitale F, Giliberto L, Ruiz S, Steslow K, Marambaud P, d'Abramo C. Anti-tau conformational scFv MC1 antibody efficiently reduces pathological tau species in adult JNPL3 mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:82. [PMID: 30134961 PMCID: PMC6103963 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau, the main component of the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), is an attractive target for immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. MC1/Alz50 are currently the only antibodies targeting a disease-specific conformational modification of tau. Passive immunization experiments using intra-peritoneal injections have previously shown that MC1 is effective at reducing tau pathology in the forebrain of tau transgenic JNPL3 mice. In order to reach a long-term and sustained brain delivery, and avoid multiple injection protocols, we tested the efficacy of the single-chain variable fragment of MC1 (scFv-MC1) to reduce tau pathology in the same animal model, with focus on brain regional differences. ScFv-MC1 was cloned into an AAV delivery system and was directly injected into the hippocampus of adult JNPL3 mice. Specific promoters were employed to selectively target neurons or astrocytes for scFv-MC1 expression. ScFv-MC1 was able to decrease soluble, oligomeric and insoluble tau species, in our model. The effect was evident in the cortex, hippocampus and hindbrain. The astrocytic machinery appeared more efficient than the neuronal, with significant reduction of pathology in areas distant from the site of injection. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that an anti-tau conformational scFv antibody, delivered directly into the mouse adult brain, is able to reduce pathological tau, providing further insight into the nature of immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vitale
- Litwin-Zucker Center for Research in Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Luca Giliberto
- Litwin-Zucker Center for Research in Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Santiago Ruiz
- Litwin-Zucker Center for Research in Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Kristen Steslow
- Litwin-Zucker Center for Research in Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Philippe Marambaud
- Litwin-Zucker Center for Research in Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Cristina d'Abramo
- Litwin-Zucker Center for Research in Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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303
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Ranchod H, Ndlandla F, Lemmer Y, Beukes M, Niebuhr J, Al-Dulayymi J, Wemmer S, Fehrsen J, Baird M, Verschoor J. The antigenicity and cholesteroid nature of mycolic acids determined by recombinant chicken antibodies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200298. [PMID: 30092023 PMCID: PMC6084858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycolic acids (MA) are major, species-specific lipid components of Mycobacteria and related genera. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is made up of alpha-, methoxy- and keto-MA, each with specific biological functions and conformational characteristics. Antibodies in tuberculosis (TB) patient sera respond differently towards the three MA classes and were reported to cross-react with cholesterol. To understand the antigenicity and cholesterol cross-reactivity of MA, we generated three different chicken -derived phage-displayed single-chain variable fragments (scFv) that reacted similarly towards the natural mixture of MA, but the first recognized all three classes of chemically synthetic MAs, the second only the two oxygenated types of MAs and the third only methoxy MA. The cholesterol cross-reactivity was investigated after grafting each of the three scFv types onto two configurations of constant chain domains–CH1-4 and CH2-4. Weak but significant cross-reactivity with cholesterol was found only with CH2-4 versions, notably those two that were also able to recognize the trans-keto MA. The cholesteroid nature of mycobacterial mycolic acids therefore seems to be determined by the trans-keto MA subclass. The significantly weaker binding to cholesterol in comparison to MA confirms the potential TB diagnostic application of these antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Ranchod
- Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Fortunate Ndlandla
- Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yolandy Lemmer
- Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mervyn Beukes
- Department Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Johann Niebuhr
- Department Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Susan Wemmer
- Serology and Immunochemistry, Vaccines and Diagnostics Development Programme, Agricultural Research Council—Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jeanni Fehrsen
- Serology and Immunochemistry, Vaccines and Diagnostics Development Programme, Agricultural Research Council—Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mark Baird
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Verschoor
- Department Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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304
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Xuan W, Peng Y, Deng Z, Peng T, Kuai H, Li Y, He J, Jin C, Liu Y, Wang R, Tan W. A basic insight into aptamer-drug conjugates (ApDCs). Biomaterials 2018; 182:216-226. [PMID: 30138784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are often compared with antibodies since both types of molecules function as targeting ligands for specific cancer cell recognition. However, aptamers offer several advantages, including small size, facile chemical modification, high chemical stability, low immunogenicity, rapid tissue penetration, and engineering simplicity. Despite these advantages, several crucial factors have delayed their clinical translation, such as concerns over inherent physicochemical stability and safety. Meanwhile, steps have been taken to make aptamer-drug conjugates, or ApDCs, a clinically practical tool. In this review, we highlight the development of ApDCs and discuss how researchers are solving some problems associated with their clinical application for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xuan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yongbo Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zhengyu Deng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Tianhuan Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hailan Kuai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Jiaxuan He
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yanlan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ruowen Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, United States.
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305
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Bjerregaard-Andersen K, Johannesen H, Abdel-Rahman N, Heggelund JE, Hoås HM, Abraha F, Bousquet PA, Høydahl LS, Burschowsky D, Rojas G, Oscarson S, Løset GÅ, Krengel U. Crystal structure of an L chain optimised 14F7 anti-ganglioside Fv suggests a unique tumour-specificity through an unusual H-chain CDR3 architecture. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10836. [PMID: 30022069 PMCID: PMC6052152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted cancer immunotherapy offers increased efficacy concomitantly with reduced side effects. One antibody with promising clinical potential is 14F7, which specifically recognises the NeuGc GM3 ganglioside. This antigen is found in the plasma membrane of a range of tumours, but is essentially absent from healthy human cells. 14F7 can discriminate NeuGc GM3 from the very similar NeuAc GM3, a common component of cell membranes. The molecular basis for this unique specificity is poorly understood. Here we designed and expressed 14F7-derived single-chain Fvs (scFvs), which retained the specificity of the parent antibody. Detailed expression and purification protocols are described as well as the synthesis of the NeuGc GM3 trisaccharide. The most successful scFv construct, which comprises an alternative variable light chain (VLA), allowed structure determination to 2.2 Å resolution. The structure gives insights into the conformation of the important CDR H3 loop and the suspected antigen binding site. Furthermore, the presence of VLA instead of the original VL elucidates how this subdomain indirectly stabilises the CDR H3 loop. The current work may serve as a guideline for the efficient production of scFvs for structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hedda Johannesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Noha Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Julie Elisabeth Heggelund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Fana Abraha
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Paula A Bousquet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Støkken Høydahl
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Burschowsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.,Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK
| | - Gertrudis Rojas
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Calle 216 esq 15, Atabey, Playa, La Habana, CP, 11300, Cuba
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Geir Åge Løset
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. .,Nextera AS, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.
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306
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Spencer B, Brüschweiler S, Sealey-Cardona M, Rockenstein E, Adame A, Florio J, Mante M, Trinh I, Rissman RA, Konrat R, Masliah E. Selective targeting of 3 repeat Tau with brain penetrating single chain antibodies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:69-87. [PMID: 29934874 PMCID: PMC6112111 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly affecting more than 5 million people in the U.S. AD is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and Tau in the brain, and is manifested by severe impairments in memory and cognition. Therefore, removing tau pathology has become one of the main therapeutic goals for the treatment of AD. Tau (tubulin-associated unit) is a major neuronal cytoskeletal protein found in the CNS encoded by the gene MAPT. Alternative splicing generates two major isoforms of tau containing either 3 or 4 repeat (R) segments. These 3R or 4RTau species are differentially expressed in neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have been focused on reducing Tau accumulation with antibodies against total Tau, 4RTau or phosphorylated isoforms. Here, we developed a brain penetrating, single chain antibody that specifically recognizes a pathogenic 3RTau. This single chain antibody was modified by the addition of a fragment of the apoB protein to facilitate trafficking into the brain, once in the CNS these antibody fragments reduced the accumulation of 3RTau and related deficits in a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy. NMR studies showed that the single chain antibody recognized an epitope at aa 40-62 of 3RTau. This single chain antibody reduced 3RTau transmission and facilitated the clearance of Tau via the endosomal-lysosomal pathway. Together, these results suggest that targeting 3RTau with highly specific, brain penetrating, single chain antibodies might be of potential value for the treatment of tauopathies such as Pick's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sven Brüschweiler
- Department of Computational and Structural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Sealey-Cardona
- Department of Computational and Structural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jazmin Florio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ivy Trinh
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Robert Konrat
- Department of Computational and Structural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 7201 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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307
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Phage display-derived antibody fragments against conserved regions of VacA toxin of Helicobacter pylori. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6899-6913. [PMID: 29862446 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori may result in the emergence of gastric adenocarcinoma. Among various toxins assisting pathogenesis of H. pylori, the vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) is one of the most potent toxins known as the major cause of the peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma. To isolate single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) against two conserved regions of VacA, we capitalized on the phage display technology and a solution-phase biopanning (SPB). Characterization of scFvs was carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Bioinformatics analyses were also performed in order to characterize the structural and functional properties of the isolated scFvs and the interaction(s) between the isolated antibodies (Ab)-antigen (Ag). After four rounds of biopanning, the positive colonies detected by scFv ELISA were harvested to extract the plasmids and perform sequencing. Of several colonies, three colonies showed high affinity to the VacA1 and two colonies for the VacA2. Further complementary examinations (e.g., sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), western blot, SPR, and flow cytometry) displayed the high affinity and specificity of the isolated scFvs to the VacA. Docking results revealed the interaction of the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) with the VacA peptide. In conclusion, for the first time, we report on the isolation of several scFvs against conserved residues of VacA toxin with high affinity and specificity, which may be used as novel diagnostic/therapeutic tool in the H. pylori infection.
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308
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Tumor uptake of pegylated diabodies: Balancing systemic clearance and vascular transport. J Control Release 2018; 279:126-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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309
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Muchima K, Todaka T, Shinchi H, Sato A, Tazoe A, Aramaki R, Kakitsubata Y, Yokoyama R, Arima N, Baba M, Wakao M, Ito Y, Suda Y. Development of sugar chain-binding single-chain variable fragment antibody to adult T-cell leukemia cells using glyco-nanotechnology and phage display method. J Biochem 2018; 163:281-291. [PMID: 29351623 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an intractable blood cancer caused by the infection of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1, and effective medical treatment is required. It is known that the structure and expression levels of cell surface sugar chains vary depending on cell states such as inflammation and cancer. Thus, it is expected that the antibody specific for ATL cell surface sugar chain would be an effective diagnostic tool and a strong candidate for the development of an anti-ATL drug. Here, we developed a stable sugar chain-binding single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFv) that can bind to ATL cells using a fibre-type Sugar Chip and phage display method. The fiber-type Sugar Chips were prepared using O-glycans released from ATL cell lines. The scFv-displaying phages derived from human B cells (diversity: 1.04 × 108) were then screened using the fiber-type Sugar Chips, and an O-glycan-binding scFv was obtained. The flow cytometry analysis revealed that the scFv predominantly bound to ATL cell lines. The sugar chain-binding properties of the scFv was evaluated by array-type Sugar Chip immobilized with a library of synthetic glycosaminoglycan disaccharide structures. Highly sulphated disaccharide structures were found to have high affinity to scFv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Muchima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Taro Todaka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shinchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Arisa Tazoe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Rikiya Aramaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kakitsubata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Risa Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Naomichi Arima
- SUDx-Biotec Corporation, Shiroyama 1-21-40, Kagoshima 890-0013, Japan
| | - Masanori Baba
- SUDx-Biotec Corporation, Shiroyama 1-21-40, Kagoshima 890-0013, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wakao
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yuji Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yasuo Suda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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310
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Purification and Characterization of Antibodies in Single-Chain Format against the E6 Oncoprotein of Human Papillomavirus Type 16. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6583852. [PMID: 29888271 PMCID: PMC5985123 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6583852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In Human Papillomaviruses- (HPV-) associated carcinogenesis, continuous expression of the E6 oncoprotein supports its value as a potential target for the development of diagnostics and therapeutics for HPV cancer. We previously reported that the I7 single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) specific for HPV16 E6, expressed as an intrabody by retroviral system, could inhibit significantly the growth of cervical cancer cells in vitro and was even able to reduce tumor development in experimental HPV-related cancer models. Nevertheless, for the development of therapeutic tools to be employed in humans, it is important to achieve maximum safety guarantee, which can be provided by the protein format. In the current study, two anti-16E6 scFvs derived from I7 were expressed in E. coli and purified in soluble form by affinity chromatography. Specificity, sensitivity and stability in physiologic environment of the purified scFvs were demonstrated by binding studies using recombinant 16E6 as an antigen. The scFvs functionality was confirmed by immunofluorescence in cervical cancer cells, where the scFvs were able to recognize the nuclear E6. Furthermore, an antiproliferative activity of the scFvI7nuc delivered in protein format to HPV16-positive cell lines was observed. Our results demonstrate that functional anti-16E6 scFvs can be produced in E. coli, suggesting that such purified antibodies could be used in the diagnosis and treatment of HPV-induced malignancies.
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311
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Engineering modular intracellular protein sensor-actuator devices. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1881. [PMID: 29760420 PMCID: PMC5951936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and reshaping cellular behaviors with synthetic gene networks requires the ability to sense and respond to changes in the intracellular environment. Intracellular proteins are involved in almost all cellular processes, and thus can provide important information about changes in cellular conditions such as infections, mutations, or disease states. Here we report the design of a modular platform for intrabody-based protein sensing-actuation devices with transcriptional output triggered by detection of intracellular proteins in mammalian cells. We demonstrate reporter activation response (fluorescence, apoptotic gene) to proteins involved in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and Huntington’s disease, and show sensor-based interference with HIV-1 downregulation of HLA-I in infected T cells. Our method provides a means to link varying cellular conditions with robust control of cellular behavior for scientific and therapeutic applications. Synthetic biology principles are often used to design circuits that tune gene expression in response to changes in intracellular environments. Here the authors design a modular platform for intracellular protein sensing devices with transcriptional output.
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312
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Cui X, Vasylieva N, Shen D, Barnych B, Yang J, He Q, Jiang Z, Zhao S, Hammock BD. Biotinylated single-chain variable fragment-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for glycocholic acid. Analyst 2018; 143:2057-2065. [PMID: 29629470 PMCID: PMC6449042 DOI: 10.1039/c7an02024d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycocholic acid (GCA) has been identified as a novel selective and sensitive biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this work, a recombinant antibody, scFv-G11, which was shown previously to have selective reactivity for GCA, was labeled with biotin using a chemical and an enzymatic method, respectively. The enzymatic method proved superior giving sensitive scFv-biotin preparations. Based on biotinylated scFv against GCA and a biotin-streptavidin system for signal amplification, an indirect competitive biotin-streptavidin-amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BA-ELISA) has been established for the sensitive and rapid detection of GCA. Several physiochemical factors that influenced assay performance, such as organic cosolvent, ionic strength, and pH, were studied. Under the optimized conditions, the indirect competitive BA-ELISA based on the obtained biotinylated scFv antibodies indicated that the average concentration required for 50% inhibition of binding (IC50) and the limit of detection (LOD) for GCA were 0.42 μg mL-1 and 0.07 μg mL-1, respectively, and the linear response range extended from 0.14 to 1.24 μg mL-1. Cross-reactivity of biotinylated scFv antibodies with various bile acid analogues was below 1.89%, except for taurocholic acid. The recoveries of GCA from urine samples via this indirect competitive BA-ELISA ranged from 108.3% to 131.5%, and correlated well with liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which indicated the accuracy and reliability of biotinylated scFv-based ELISA in the detection of GCA in urine samples. This study also demonstrates the broad utility of scFv for the development of highly sensitive immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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313
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Lee DH, Lee MY, Seo Y, Hong HJ, An HJ, Kang JS, Kim HM. Multi-paratopic VEGF decoy receptor have superior anti-tumor effects through anti-EGFRs and targeted anti-angiogenic activities. Biomaterials 2018; 171:34-45. [PMID: 29679794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Limitation of current anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) cancer therapy is transitory responses, inevitable relapses and its insufficient tumor-targeting. Thus, multifaceted approaches, including the development of bispecific antibodies and combination strategies targeting different pathways have been proposed as an alternative. Here, we developed a novel multi-paratopic VEGF decoy receptor, Cetuximab-VEGF-Grab and Trastuzumab-VEGF-Grab, by genetically fusing VEGF decoy receptor (VEGF-Grab) to a single chain Fv of anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) antibody (Cetuximab and Trastuzumab). These multi-paratopic VEGF decoy receptor, which recognize VEGF and EGFR family (EGFR or HER2), effectively suppressed both VEGF and EGFR pathways in vitro, to levels similar to those of the parental VEGF-Grab and anti-EGFR antibodies. In addition, the concurrent binding of multi-paratopic VEGF decoy receptor to VEGF and EGFR family enabled their specific localization to EGFR + tumor in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Cetuximab-VEGF-Grab and Trastuzumab-VEGF-Grab exhibited the enhanced anti-tumor activities compared to VEGF-Grab in EGFR + tumor xenograft mouse model via anti-EGFR and the targeted anti-angiogenic activities. These results indicate that multi-paratopic VEGF decoy receptor can be a promising agent, combining tumor-targeted anti-angiogenic therapy with efficient blockade of proliferative signals mediated by EGFR family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hee Lee
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Myeong Youl Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, South Korea
| | - Youngsuk Seo
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Jong Soon Kang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28116, South Korea.
| | - Ho Min Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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314
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Delle LE, Pachauri V, Sharma S, Shaforost O, Ma H, Adabi M, Lilischkis R, Wagner P, Thoelen R, Klein N, O’Kennedy R, Ingebrandt S. ScFv-modified graphene-coated IDE-arrays for ‘label-free’ screening of cardiovascular disease biomarkers in physiological saline. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 102:574-581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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315
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Manoutcharian K, Perez-Garmendia R, Gevorkian G. Recombinant Antibody Fragments for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 15:779-788. [PMID: 27697033 PMCID: PMC5771054 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x01666160930121647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant antibody fragments are promising alternatives to full-length immunoglobulins and offer important advantages compared with conventional monoclonal antibodies: extreme specificity, higher affinity, superior stability and solubility, reduced immunogenicity as well as easy and inexpensive large-scale production. OBJECTIVE In this article we will review and discuss recombinant antibodies that are being evaluated for neurodegenerative diseases in pre-clinical models and in clinical studies and will summarize new strategies that are being developed to optimize their stability, specificity and potency for advancing their use. METHODS Articles describing recombinant antibody fragments used for neurological diseases were selected (PubMed) and evaluated for their significance. RESULTS Different antibody formats such as single-chain fragment variable (scFv), single-domain antibody fragments (VHHs or sdAbs), bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), intrabodies and nanobodies, are currently being studied in pre-clinical models of cancer as well as infectious and autoimmune diseases and many of them are being tested as therapeutics in clinical trials. Immunotherapy approaches have shown therapeutic efficacy in several animal models of Alzheimer´s disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Huntington disease (HD), transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and multiple sclerosis (MS). It has been demonstrated that recombinant antibody fragments may neutralize toxic extra- and intracellular misfolded proteins involved in the pathogenesis of AD, PD, DLB, FTD, HD or TSEs and may target toxic immune cells participating in the pathogenesis of MS. CONCLUSION Recombinant antibody fragments represent a promising tool for the development of antibody-based immunotherapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Manoutcharian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico DF. Mexico
| | - Roxanna Perez-Garmendia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico DF. Mexico
| | - Goar Gevorkian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70228, Cuidad Universitaria, Mexico DF, CP 04510, Mexico. 0
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316
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Langut Y, Edinger N, Flashner-Abramson E, Melamed-Book N, Lebendiker M, Levi-Kalisman Y, Klein S, Levitzki A. PSMA-homing dsRNA chimeric protein vector kills prostate cancer cells and activates anti-tumor bystander responses. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24046-24062. [PMID: 28445962 PMCID: PMC5421826 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of metastatic androgen-resistant prostate cancer remains a challenge. We describe a protein vector that selectively delivers synthetic dsRNA, polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (polyIC), to prostate tumors by targeting prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is overexpressed on the surface of prostate cancer cells. The chimeric protein is built from the double stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding domain of PKR tethered to a single chain anti-PSMA antibody. When complexed with polyIC, the chimera demonstrates selective and efficient killing of prostate cancer cells. The treatment causes the targeted cancer cells to undergo apoptosis and to secrete toxic cytokines. In a bystander effect, these cytokines kill neighboring cancer cells that do not necessarily overexpress PSMA, and activate immune cells that enhance the killing effect. The strong effects of the targeted polyIC are demonstrated on both 2D cell cultures and 3D tumor spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Langut
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nufar Edinger
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Efrat Flashner-Abramson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naomi Melamed-Book
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Unit of Bio-Imaging, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mario Lebendiker
- The Protein Purification Facility, Wolfson Center for Applied Structural Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Levi-Kalisman
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Silberman Institute for Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshana Klein
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Levitzki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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317
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Lee HJ, Lee CM, Kim K, Yoo JM, Kang SM, Ha GS, Park MK, Choi MA, Seong BL, Lee DE. Purification of antibody fragments for the reduction of charge variants using cation exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1080:20-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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318
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Steinhardt JJ, Guenaga J, Turner HL, McKee K, Louder MK, O'Dell S, Chiang CI, Lei L, Galkin A, Andrianov AK, A Doria-Rose N, Bailer RT, Ward AB, Mascola JR, Li Y. Rational design of a trispecific antibody targeting the HIV-1 Env with elevated anti-viral activity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:877. [PMID: 29491415 PMCID: PMC5830440 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are being explored as passively administered therapeutic and preventative agents. However, the extensively diversified HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) rapidly acquire mutations to evade individual bNAbs in monotherapy regimens. The use of a "single" agent to simultaneously target distinct Env epitopes is desirable to overcome viral diversity. Here, we report the use of tandem single-chain variable fragment (ScFv) domains of two bNAbs, specific for the CD4-binding site and V3 glycan patch, to form anti-HIV-1 bispecific ScFvs (Bi-ScFvs). The optimal Bi-ScFv crosslinks adjacent protomers within one HIV-1 Env spike and has greater neutralization breadth than its parental bNAbs. Furthermore, the combination of this Bi-ScFv with a third bNAb recognizing the Env membrane proximal external region (MPER) results in a trispecific bNAb, which has nearly pan-isolate neutralization breadth and high potency. Thus, multispecific antibodies combining functional moieties of bNAbs could achieve outstanding neutralization capacity with augmented avidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Steinhardt
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.,Virology Program at the University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Javier Guenaga
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hannah L Turner
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mark K Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chi-I Chiang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Lin Lei
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Andrey Galkin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert T Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yuxing Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA. .,Virology Program at the University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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319
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Li J, Li W, Huang K, Zhang Y, Kupfer G, Zhao Q. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy for solid tumors: lessons learned and strategies for moving forward. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:22. [PMID: 29433552 PMCID: PMC5809840 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy for the treatment CD19-positive B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. While CAR-T has achieved remarkable success in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies, whether it can benefit solid tumor patients to the same extent is still uncertain. Even though hundreds of clinical trials are undergoing exploring a variety of tumor-associated antigens (TAA), no such antigen with comparable properties like CD19 has yet been identified regarding solid tumors CAR-T immunotherapy. Inefficient T cell trafficking, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, suboptimal antigen recognition specificity, and lack of safety control are currently considered as the main obstacles in solid tumor CAR-T therapy. Here, we reviewed the solid tumor CAR-T clinical trials, emphasizing the studies with published results. We further discussed the challenges that CAR-T is facing for solid tumor treatment and proposed potential strategies to improve the efficacy of CAR-T as promising immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Kejia Huang
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610052, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610052, China
| | - Gary Kupfer
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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320
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Broad specificity immunoassay for detection of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins through engineering of a single chain variable fragment with mutagenesis and screening. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:920-928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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321
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Luz D, Shiga EA, Chen G, Quintilio W, Andrade FB, Maranhão AQ, Caetano BA, Mitsunari T, Silva MA, Rocha LB, Moro AM, Sidhu SS, Piazza RMF. Structural Changes in Stx1 Engineering Monoclonal Antibody Improves Its Functionality as Diagnostic Tool for a Rapid Latex Agglutination Test. Antibodies (Basel) 2018; 7:antib7010009. [PMID: 31544861 PMCID: PMC6698835 DOI: 10.3390/antib7010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stx1 toxin is one of the AB5 toxins of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) responsible for foodborne intoxication during outbreaks. The single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is the most common recombinant antibody format; it consists of both variable chains connected by a peptide linker with conserved specificity and affinity for antigen. The drawbacks of scFv production in bacteria are the heterologous expression, conformation and stability of the molecule, which could change the affinity for the antigen. In this work, we obtained a stable and functional scFv-Stx1 in bacteria, starting from IgG produced by hybridoma cells. After structural modifications, i.e., change in protein orientation, vector and linker, its solubility for expression in bacteria was increased as well as the affinity for its antigen, demonstrated by a scFv dissociation constant (KD) of 2.26 × 10-7 M. Also, it was able to recognize purified Stx1 and cross-reacted with Stx2 toxin by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), and detected 88% of Stx1-producing strains using a rapid latex agglutination test. Thus, the scFv fragment obtained in the present work is a bacteria-produced tool for use in a rapid diagnosis test, providing an alternative for STEC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Luz
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Emerson A Shiga
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
| | - Wagner Quintilio
- Laboratório de Biofármacos em Células Animais, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda B Andrade
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Q Maranhão
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Bruna A Caetano
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Mitsunari
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Míriam A Silva
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Letícia B Rocha
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana M Moro
- Laboratório de Biofármacos em Células Animais, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
| | - Roxane M F Piazza
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil.
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322
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Bemani P, Mohammadi M, Hakakian A. Anti-ROR1 scFv-EndoG as a Novel Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Drug. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:97-102. [PMID: 29373898 PMCID: PMC5844643 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.1.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Immunotoxins are proteins that consist of an antibody fragment linked to a toxin, used as agents for targeted
therapy of cancers. Although the most potent immunotoxins are made from bacterial and plant toxins, obstacles which
contribute to poor responses are immunogenicity in patients and rapid development of neutralizing antibodies. In the
present study we proposed a new therapeutic immunotoxin for targeted cancer therapy of ROR1 expressing cancers:
an anti ROR1 single chain fragment variable antibody (scFv)-endonuclease G (anti ROR1 scFv-EndoG). Methods:
The three-dimensional structure of anti ROR1 scFv-EndoG protein was modeled and structure validation tools were
employed to confirm the accuracy and reliability of the developed model. In addition, stability and integrity of the
model were assessed by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Results: All results suggested the protein model to
be acceptable and of good quality. Conclusions: Anti-ROR1 scFv-EndoG would be expected to bind to the ROR1
extracellular domain by its scFv portion and selectively deliver non-immunogenic human endonuclease G enzyme as
an end-stage apoptosis molecule into ROR1-expressing cancer cells and lead rapidly to apoptosis. We believe that anti
ROR1 and other anti-tumor antigen scFv-EndoG forms may be helpful for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ,
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323
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Production of human single-chain fragment antibody (ScFv) against human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) by phage display technology. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:85-91. [PMID: 29305748 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer with more than 1.7 million diagnoses per year has been known as one of the most prevalent cancers among women worldwide. Despite the availability of advanced treatment options, cancer progression and metastasis is observed in 20% of patients. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) is considered as an important prognostic and diagnostic tumor marker for breast cancer. While HER-2 is expressed on the surface of normal cells, its overexpression occurs in 20-25% on breast cancer tumor cells. This type of tumor which is referred to as HER-2+ is the most aggressive type of breast cancer and shows more resistance to radiotherapy. Single-chain fragment antibodies (ScFvs) offer several advantages in comparison to conventional whole antibodies due to their small size. Particularly, ScFv fragments show improved diffusion and solid tumor penetration. In this study, a human ScFv antibody library was used to isolate anti-HER-2 ScFv antibodies through cell panning and mix antigen-cell panning strategies. Analysis of the binding activity and specificity of isolated ScFv antibodies against HER-2-expressing cell lines and recombinant HER-2 antigen indicated the higher efficiency of the cell panning strategy in isolation of ScFv antibody fragments.
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324
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Complement and Immunoglobulin Biology Leading to Clinical Translation. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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325
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Sivaram AJ, Wardiana A, Howard CB, Mahler SM, Thurecht KJ. Recent Advances in the Generation of Antibody-Nanomaterial Conjugates. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28961378 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Targeted nanomedicines have significantly changed the way new therapeutics are designed to treat disease. Central to successful therapeutics is the ability to control the dynamics of protein-nanomaterial interactions to enhance the therapeutic effect of the nanomedicine. The aim of this review is to illustrate the diversity and versatility of the conjugation approaches involved in the synthesis of antibody-nanoparticle conjugates, and highlight significant new advances in the field of bioconjugation. Such nanomedicines have found utility as both advanced therapeutic agents, as well as more complex imaging contrast agents that can provide both anatomical and functional information of diseased tissue. While such conjugates show significant promise as next generation targeted nanomedicines, it is recognized that there are in fact no clinically approved targeted therapeutics on the market. This fact is reflected upon within this review, and attempts are made to draw some reasoning from the complexities associated with the bioconjugation chemistry approaches that are typically utilized. Present trends, as well as future directions of next generation targeted nanomedicines are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal J. Sivaram
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology Queensland Node University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
| | - Andri Wardiana
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Christopher B. Howard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Brisbane University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Stephen M. Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Brisbane University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Kristofer J. Thurecht
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology Queensland Node University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
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326
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Safarpour H, Shahmirzaie M, Rezaee E, Barati M, Safarnejad MR, H. Shirazi F. Isolation and Characterization of Novel Phage Displayed scFv Fragment for Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Molecular Docking Analysis of Their Interactions. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2018; 17:743-752. [PMID: 29881431 PMCID: PMC5985191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression amplifies to excess amounts in several disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Although, Anti-TNF biologics have revolutionized the treatment of these autoimmune diseases, formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) has dramatically affected their use. The next generation antibodies (e.g. Fab, scFv) have not only reduced resulted immunogenicity, but also proved several benefits including better tumor penetration and more rapid blood clearance. Using affinity selection procedures in this study, a scFv antibody clone was isolated from naïve Tomlinson I phage display library that specifically recognizes and binds to TNF-α. The TNF-α recombinant protein was expressed in genetically engineered Escherichia coli SHuffle® T7 Express, for the first time, which is able to express disulfide-bonded recombinant proteins into their correctly folded states. ELISA-based affinity characterization results indicated that the isolated novel 29.2 kDa scFv binds TNF-α with suitable affinity. In-silico homology modeling study using 'ModWeb' as well as molecular docking study using Hex program confirmed the scFv and TNF-α interactions with a scFv-TNF- α binding energy of around -593 kj/mol which is well in agreement with our ELSIA results. The cloned scFv antibody may be potentially useful for research and therapeutic applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Safarpour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Morteza Shahmirzaie
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Rezaee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Barati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Safarnejad
- Department of Plant Viruses, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protections, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farshad H. Shirazi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: E-mail:
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327
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Agha Amiri S, Zarei N, Enayati S, Azizi M, Khalaj V, Shahhosseini S. Expression Optimization of Anti-CD22 scFv-Apoptin Fusion Protein Using Experimental Design Methodology. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2018; 22:66-9. [PMID: 28689385 PMCID: PMC5712387 DOI: 10.22034/ibj.22.1.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Design of experiments is a rapid and cost-effective approach for optimization of recombinant protein production process. In our previous study, we generated a potent dual-acting fusion protein, anti-CD22 scFv-apoptin, to target B-cell malignant cell lines. In the present investigation, we report the effect of different variables on the expression levels of this fusion protein. Methods: Four variables (cell optical density at induction, IPTG concentration, induction temperature, and induction time) were tested using experimental design. Results: Our findings demonstrated that among the examined variables, only the induction time had a significant positive effect on the protein expression yield. Conclusion: Experimental design was successfully applied in this study. The optimized condition obtained in the current study can be applied in future commercial production of this novel fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Agha Amiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Zarei
- Department of Medical Biotechnolgy, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Enayati
- Department of Medical Biotechnolgy, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azizi
- Department of Medical Biotechnolgy, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Khalaj
- Department of Medical Biotechnolgy, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Shahhosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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328
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Bandehpour M, Ahangarzadeh S, Yarian F, Lari A, Farnia P. In silicoevaluation of the interactions among two selected single chain variable fragments (scFvs) and ESAT-6 antigen ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633617500699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays antibody engineering is an important approach in the design and manufacture of therapeutic and diagnostic antibodies. The study of interactions between antibodies and antigens is the critical step in the design of antibodies with desirable properties. Computational docking is a useful tool for structural characterization of bimolecular interactions. Docking is the process of predicting bound conformations and binding enthalpy of antibody–antigen complexes. In this study, the three-dimensional structures of two ribosome displayed-selected scFv antibodies were constructed by Kotai Antibody Builder. By using ClusPro 2.0 web server, the ESAT-6 antigen (a tuberculosis-specific antigen) structure was docked to both scFv models to obtain the structures of the binding complexes and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed using GROMACS 4.5.3 package. By analyzing of the ESAT-scFv complexes, important amino acids involved in antigen–antibody interactions were identified which were Asn164 in VL3, Ser164 in VL7 and Asn55 in VH7. All three amino acids belonged to the CDRs. In conclusion, results achieved from this bioinformatics study can help in the design and development of novel antibodies with improved affinities for tuberculosis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Bandehpour
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Research Center Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Research Center Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yarian
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Research Center Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Lari
- Systems Biomedicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Farnia
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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329
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Agha Amiri S, Shahhosseini S, Zarei N, Khorasanizadeh D, Aminollahi E, Rezaie F, Zargari M, Azizi M, Khalaj V. A novel anti-CD22 scFv-apoptin fusion protein induces apoptosis in malignant B-cells. AMB Express 2017; 7:112. [PMID: 28582973 PMCID: PMC5457376 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD22 marker is a highly internalizing antigen which is located on the surface of B-cells and is being used as a promising target for treatment of B cell malignancies. Monoclonal antibodies targeting CD22 have been introduced and some are currently under investigation in clinical trials. Building on the success of antibody drug conjugates, we developed a fusion protein consisting of a novel anti-CD22 scFv and apoptin and tested binding and therapeutic effects in lymphoma cells. The recombinant protein was expressed in E. coli and successfully purified and refolded. In vitro binding analysis by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry demonstrated that the recombinant protein specifically binds to CD22 positive Raji cells but not to CD22 negative Jurkat cells. The cytotoxic properties of scFv–apoptin were assessed by an MTT assay and Annexin V/PI flow cytometry analysis and showed that the recombinant protein induced apoptosis preferentially in Raji cells with no detectable effects in Jurkat cells. Our findings indicated that the recombinant anti-CD22 scFv–apoptin fusion protein could successfully cross the cell membrane and induce apoptosis with high specificity, make it as a promising molecule for immunotherapy of B-cell malignancies.
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330
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Alibakhshi A, Abarghooi Kahaki F, Ahangarzadeh S, Yaghoobi H, Yarian F, Arezumand R, Ranjbari J, Mokhtarzadeh A, de la Guardia M. Targeted cancer therapy through antibody fragments-decorated nanomedicines. J Control Release 2017; 268:323-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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331
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Brinkmann U, Kontermann RE. The making of bispecific antibodies. MAbs 2017; 9:182-212. [PMID: 28071970 PMCID: PMC5297537 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1268307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 600] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades we have seen a phenomenal evolution of bispecific antibodies for therapeutic applications. The 'zoo' of bispecific antibodies is populated by many different species, comprising around 100 different formats, including small molecules composed solely of the antigen-binding sites of two antibodies, molecules with an IgG structure, and large complex molecules composed of different antigen-binding moieties often combined with dimerization modules. The application of sophisticated molecular design and genetic engineering has solved many of the technical problems associated with the formation of bispecific antibodies such as stability, solubility and other parameters that confer drug properties. These parameters may be summarized under the term 'developability'. In addition, different 'target product profiles', i.e., desired features of the bispecific antibody to be generated, mandates the need for access to a diverse panel of formats. These may vary in size, arrangement, valencies, flexibility and geometry of their binding modules, as well as in their distribution and pharmacokinetic properties. There is not 'one best format' for generating bispecific antibodies, and no single format is suitable for all, or even most of, the desired applications. Instead, the bispecific formats collectively serve as a valuable source of diversity that can be applied to the development of therapeutics for various indications. Here, a comprehensive overview of the different bispecific antibody formats is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Im Nonnenwald, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Roland E. Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstraße, Stuttgart, Germany
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332
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Ettayapuram Ramaprasad AS, Uddin S, Casas-Finet J, Jacobs DJ. Decomposing Dynamical Couplings in Mutated scFv Antibody Fragments into Stabilizing and Destabilizing Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17508-17517. [PMID: 29139290 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Conformational fluctuations within scFv antibodies are characterized by a novel perturbation-response decomposition of molecular dynamics trajectories. Both perturbation and response profiles are stratified into stabilizing and destabilizing conditions. The linker between the VH and VL domains exhibits the dominant dynamical response by being coupled to nearly the entire protein, responding to both stabilizing and destabilizing perturbations. Perturbations within complementarity-determining regions (CDR) induce rich behavior in dynamic response. Among many effects, stabilizing any CDR loop in the VH domain triggers a destabilizing response in all CDR loops in the VL domain and vice versa. Destabilizing residues within the VL domain are likely to stabilize all CDR loops in the VH domain, and, when these residues are not buried, the CDR loops in the VL domain are also likely to be stabilized. These effects, described by shifts in normal mode characteristics, initiate a propensity for dynamic allostery with possible functional implications in bispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahid Uddin
- Formulation Sciences, MedImmune Ltd. , Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Casas-Finet
- Analytical Biochemistry Department, MedImmune LLC , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Donald J Jacobs
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
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333
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Antibody-Based Protective Immunity against Helminth Infections: Antibody Phage Display Derived Antibodies against BmR1 Antigen. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112376. [PMID: 29165352 PMCID: PMC5713345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth parasite infections are significantly impacting global health, with more than two billion infections worldwide with a high morbidity rate. The complex life cycle of the nematodes has made host immune response studies against these parasites extremely difficult. In this study, we utilized two phage antibody libraries; the immune and naïve library were used to identify single chain fragment variable (scFv) clones against a specific filarial antigen (BmR1). The V-gene analysis of isolated scFv clones will help shed light on preferential VDJ gene segment usage against the filarial BmR1 antigen in healthy and infected states. The immune library showed the usage of both lambda and kappa light chains. However, the naïve library showed preferential use of the lambda family with different amino acid distributions. The binding characteristics of the scFv clones identified from this work were analyzed by immunoassay and immunoaffinity pull down of BmR1. The work highlights the antibody gene usage pattern of a naïve and immune antibody library against the same antigen as well as the robust nature of the enriched antibodies for downstream applications.
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334
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Im SW, Chung HY, Jang YJ. Development of single-chain Fv of antibody to DNA as intracellular delivery vehicle. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2017.1401556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Woo Im
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yong Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ju Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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335
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Gorman KT, Roby LC, Giuffre A, Huang R, Kay BK. Tandem phage-display for the identification of non-overlapping binding pairs of recombinant affinity reagents. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e158. [PMID: 28985360 PMCID: PMC5737338 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ‘sandwich’ binding format, which uses two reagents that can bind simultaneously to a given analyte, is the gold standard in diagnostics and many biochemical techniques. One of the bottlenecks in creating a sandwich assay is identifying pairs of reagents that bind non-competitively to the target. To bridge this gap, we invented Megaprimer Shuffling for Tandem Affinity Reagents (MegaSTAR) to identify non-competitive binding pairs of recombinant affinity reagents through phage-display. The key innovation in MegaSTAR is the construction of a tandem library, in which two reagents are randomly-displayed on the phage surface. This is accomplished by using a pool of 300-nucleotide long ‘megaprimers’, which code for previously-selected reagents, to prime second strand synthesis of a single-stranded DNA template and generate millions of pair-wise combinations. The tandem library is then affinity selected to isolate pairs that both reagents contribute to binding the target. As a proof-of-concept, we used MegaSTAR to identify pairs of fibronectin type III monobodies for three human proteins. For each target, we could identify between five and fifteen unique pairs and successfully used a single pair in a sandwich assay. MegaSTAR is a versatile tool for generating sandwich ELISA-grade and bispecific reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Gorman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60622, USA
| | - Lauren C Roby
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60622, USA
| | - Allison Giuffre
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60622, USA
| | | | - Brian K Kay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60622, USA
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336
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Dubuisson A, Micheau O. Antibodies and Derivatives Targeting DR4 and DR5 for Cancer Therapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2017; 6:E16. [PMID: 31548531 PMCID: PMC6698863 DOI: 10.3390/antib6040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing therapeutics that induce apoptosis in cancer cells has become an increasingly attractive approach for the past 30 years. The discovery of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily members and more specifically TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), the only cytokine of the family capable of eradicating selectively cancer cells, led to the development of numerous TRAIL derivatives targeting death receptor 4 (DR4) and death receptor 5 (DR5) for cancer therapy. With a few exceptions, preliminary attempts to use recombinant TRAIL, agonistic antibodies, or derivatives to target TRAIL agonist receptors in the clinic have been fairly disappointing. Nonetheless, a tremendous effort, worldwide, is being put into the development of novel strategic options to target TRAIL receptors. Antibodies and derivatives allow for the design of novel and efficient agonists. We summarize and discuss here the advantages and drawbacks of the soar of TRAIL therapeutics, from the first developments to the next generation of agonistic products, with a particular insight on new concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Dubuisson
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
- CovalAb, Research Department, 11 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France.
- INSERM, UMR1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, F-21079 Dijon, France.
| | - Olivier Micheau
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
- CovalAb, Research Department, 11 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France.
- INSERM, UMR1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, F-21079 Dijon, France.
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337
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Cui X, Vasylieva N, Wu P, Barnych B, Yang J, Shen D, He Q, Gee SJ, Zhao S, Hammock BD. Development of an Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Glycocholic Acid Based on Chicken Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibodies. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11091-11097. [PMID: 28942640 PMCID: PMC6459402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycocholic acid (GCA) is an important metabolite of bile acids, whose urine levels are expected to be a specific diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A high-throughput immunoassay for determination of GCA would be of significant advantage and useful for primary diagnosis, surveillance, and early detection of HCC. Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies have several desirable characteristics and are an attractive alternative to traditional antibodies for the immunoassay. Because chicken antibodies possess single heavy and light variable functional domains, they are an ideal framework for simplified generation of recombinant antibodies for GCA detection. However, chicken scFvs have rarely been used to detect GCA. In this study, a scFv library was generated from chickens immunized with a GCA hapten coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA), and anti-GCA scFvs were isolated by a phage-displayed method. Compared to the homologous coating antigen, use of a heterologous coating antigen resulted in about an 85-fold improvement in sensitivity of the immunoassay. This assay, under optimized conditions, had a linear range of 0.02-0.18 μg/mL, with an IC50 of 0.06 μg/mL. The assay showed negligible cross-reactivity with various related bile acids, except for taurocholic acid. The detection of GCA from spiked human urine samples ranged from 86.7% to 123.3%. These results, combined with the advantages of scFv antibodies, indicated that a chicken scFv-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a suitable method for high-throughput screening of GCA in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Natalia Vasylieva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Panpan Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ding Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qiyi He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shirley J. Gee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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338
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Leow CH, Fischer K, Leow CY, Cheng Q, Chuah C, McCarthy J. Single Domain Antibodies as New Biomarker Detectors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2017; 7:diagnostics7040052. [PMID: 29039819 PMCID: PMC5745390 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics7040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are defined as indicators of biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers have been widely used for early detection, prediction of response after treatment, and for monitoring the progression of diseases. Antibodies represent promising tools for recognition of biomarkers, and are widely deployed as analytical tools in clinical settings. For immunodiagnostics, antibodies are now exploited as binders for antigens of interest across a range of platforms. More recently, the discovery of antibody surface display and combinatorial chemistry techniques has allowed the exploration of new binders from a range of animals, for instance variable domains of new antigen receptors (VNAR) from shark and variable heavy chain domains (VHH) or nanobodies from camelids. These single domain antibodies (sdAbs) have some advantages over conventional murine immunoglobulin owing to the lack of a light chain, making them the smallest natural biomarker binders thus far identified. In this review, we will discuss several biomarkers used as a means to validate diseases progress. The potential functionality of modern singe domain antigen binders derived from phylogenetically early animals as new biomarker detectors for current diagnostic and research platforms development will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Katja Fischer
- Bacterial Pathogenesis and Scabies Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia.
| | - Chiuan Yee Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Qin Cheng
- Department of Drug Resistance and Diagnostics, Australian Army Malaria Institute, Brisbane 4051, Australia.
| | - Candy Chuah
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - James McCarthy
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia.
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339
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Eyvazi S, Kazemi B, Bandehpour M, Dastmalchi S. Identification of a novel single chain fragment variable antibody targeting CD24-expressing cancer cells. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:240-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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340
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Hosseinzadeh F, Mohammadi S, Nejatollahi F. Production and Evaluation of Specific Single-Chain Antibodies against CTLA-4 for Cancer-Targeted Therapy. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 6:8-14. [PMID: 29090224 PMCID: PMC5643449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) molecules are expressed on T-cells and inhibit their function by inhibiting activation of subsequent T-cell molecular pathways. Blocking of CTLA-4 inhibits the growth of malignant tumor cells. Anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies activate the immune system against cancer. Due to several advantages of single-chain antibodies (scFvs) compared to monoclonal antibodies in cancer immunotherapy, specific anti-CTLA-4 scFvs (single-chain variable fragment) were selected in this study. METHODS A phage antibody display library of scFvs was analyzed and a panning process was performed against an immunodominant epitope of CTLA-4. PCR and DNA fingerprinting were used to differentiate the specific clones. The specificity of the selected clones was investigated by phage ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). RESULTS Two specific clones with frequencies of 35 and 20% were identified. The clones reacted with the corresponding epitope on ELISA, while no reactivity was observed with an unrelated peptide, M13KO7 helper phage, unrelated scFvs, or no peptide as negative controls. CONCLUSION Targeted therapy against cancer markers is an ideal treatment strategy. Specific human anti-CTLA-4scFvs were selected in this study. These scFvs bound the related epitope. These antibodies have the potential to be used for targeted therapy, where the blocking of CTLA4 receptor is needed. The study suggests further evaluation of the selected scFvs to reveal the effects of the selected antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Hosseinzadeh
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Recombinant antibody laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Recombinant antibody laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Foroogh Nejatollahi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Recombinant antibody laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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341
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Kessler C, Pardo A, Tur MK, Gattenlöhner S, Fischer R, Kolberg K, Barth S. Novel PSCA targeting scFv-fusion proteins for diagnosis and immunotherapy of prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:2025-2038. [PMID: 28667390 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite great progress in the diagnosis and treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa), there remains a need for new diagnostic markers that can accurately distinguish indolent and aggressive variants. One promising approach is the antibody-based targeting of prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), which is frequently overexpressed in PCa. Here, we show the construction of a molecular imaging probe comprising a humanized scFv fragment recognizing PSCA genetically fused to an engineered version of the human DNA repair enzyme O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), the SNAP-tag, enabling specific covalent coupling to various fluorophores for diagnosis of PCa. Furthermore, the recombinant immunotoxin (IT) PSCA(scFv)-ETA' comprising the PSCA(scFv) and a truncated version of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE, ETA') was generated. METHODS We analyzed the specific binding and internalization behavior of the molecular imaging probe PSCA(scFv)-SNAP in vitro by flow cytometry and live cell imaging, compared to the corresponding IT PSCA(scFv)-ETA'. The cytotoxic activity of PSCA(scFv)-ETA' was tested using cell viability assays. Specific binding was confirmed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimen of early and advanced PCa. RESULTS Alexa Fluor® 647 labeling of PSCA(scFv)-SNAP confirmed selective binding to PSCA, leading to rapid internalization into the target cells. The recombinant IT PSCA(scFv)-ETA' showed selective binding leading to internalization and efficient elimination of target cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate, for the first time, the specific binding, internalization, and cytotoxicity of a scFv-based fusion protein targeting PSCA. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the specific ex vivo binding to primary PCa material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kessler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alessa Pardo
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehmet K Tur
- Institute for Pathology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (Biology VII), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kolberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, South Africa.
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342
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Arimori T, Kitago Y, Umitsu M, Fujii Y, Asaki R, Tamura-Kawakami K, Takagi J. Fv-clasp: An Artificially Designed Small Antibody Fragment with Improved Production Compatibility, Stability, and Crystallizability. Structure 2017; 25:1611-1622.e4. [PMID: 28919443 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody fragments are frequently used as a "crystallization chaperone" to aid structural analysis of complex macromolecules that are otherwise crystallization resistant, but conventional fragment formats have not been designed for this particular application. By fusing an anti-parallel coiled-coil structure derived from the SARAH domain of human Mst1 kinase to the variable region of an antibody, we succeeded in creating a novel chimeric antibody fragment of ∼37 kDa, termed "Fv-clasp," which exhibits excellent crystallization compatibility while maintaining the binding ability of the original IgG molecule. The "clasp" and the engineered disulfide bond at the bottom of the Fv suppressed the internal mobility of the fragment and shielded hydrophobic residues, likely contributing to the high heat stability and the crystallizability of the Fv-clasp. Finally, Fv-clasp antibodies showed superior "chaperoning" activity over conventional Fab fragments, and facilitated the structure determination of an ectodomain fragment of integrin α6β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Arimori
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu Kitago
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masataka Umitsu
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryoko Asaki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Junichi Takagi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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343
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Zhang S, Geryak R, Geldmeier J, Kim S, Tsukruk VV. Synthesis, Assembly, and Applications of Hybrid Nanostructures for Biosensing. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12942-13038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaidi Zhang
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Ren Geryak
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Jeffrey Geldmeier
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Sunghan Kim
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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344
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Affiliation(s)
- Madduri Srinivasarao
- Purdue Institute for Drug
Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Philip S. Low
- Purdue Institute for Drug
Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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345
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The design of target specific antibodies (scFv) by applying de novo workflow: Case study on BmR1 antigen from Brugia malayi. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 76:543-550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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346
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Sebollela A, Cline EN, Popova I, Luo K, Sun X, Ahn J, Barcelos MA, Bezerra VN, Lyra E Silva NM, Patel J, Pinheiro NR, Qin LA, Kamel JM, Weng A, DiNunno N, Bebenek AM, Velasco PT, Viola KL, Lacor PN, Ferreira ST, Klein WL. A human scFv antibody that targets and neutralizes high molecular weight pathogenic amyloid-β oligomers. J Neurochem 2017; 142:934-947. [PMID: 28670737 PMCID: PMC5752625 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain accumulation of soluble oligomers of the amyloid-β peptide (AβOs) is increasingly considered a key early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A variety of AβO species have been identified, both in vitro and in vivo, ranging from dimers to 24mers and higher order oligomers. However, there is no consensus in the literature regarding which AβO species are most germane to AD pathogenesis. Antibodies capable of specifically recognizing defined subpopulations of AβOs would be a valuable asset in the identification, isolation, and characterization of AD-relevant AβO species. Here, we report the characterization of a human single chain antibody fragment (scFv) denoted NUsc1, one of a number of scFvs we have identified that stringently distinguish AβOs from both monomeric and fibrillar Aβ. NUsc1 readily detected AβOs previously bound to dendrites in cultured hippocampal neurons. In addition, NUsc1 blocked AβO binding and reduced AβO-induced neuronal oxidative stress and tau hyperphosphorylation in cultured neurons. NUsc1 further distinguished brain extracts from AD-transgenic mice from wild type (WT) mice, and detected endogenous AβOs in fixed AD brain tissue and AD brain extracts. Biochemical analyses indicated that NUsc1 targets a subpopulation of AβOs with apparent molecular mass greater than 50 kDa. Results indicate that NUsc1 targets a particular AβO species relevant to AD pathogenesis, and suggest that NUsc1 may constitute an effective tool for AD diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Sebollela
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika N Cline
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Izolda Popova
- Recombinant Protein Production Core (rPPC), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Kevin Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Jay Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Milena A Barcelos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa N Bezerra
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Lyra E Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jason Patel
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Nathalia R Pinheiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lei A Qin
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Josette M Kamel
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Anthea Weng
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Nadia DiNunno
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Adrian M Bebenek
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Illinois Math and Science Academy, Aurora, Illinois, USA
| | - Pauline T Velasco
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Kirsten L Viola
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Pascale N Lacor
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - William L Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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347
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Farka Z, Juřík T, Kovář D, Trnková L, Skládal P. Nanoparticle-Based Immunochemical Biosensors and Assays: Recent Advances and Challenges. Chem Rev 2017; 117:9973-10042. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Farka
- Central
European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), ‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty
of Science, and §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Juřík
- Central
European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), ‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty
of Science, and §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Kovář
- Central
European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), ‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty
of Science, and §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libuše Trnková
- Central
European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), ‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty
of Science, and §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- Central
European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), ‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty
of Science, and §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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348
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Woitok M, Klose D, Di Fiore S, Richter W, Stein C, Gresch G, Grieger E, Barth S, Fischer R, Kolberg K, Niesen J. Comparison of a mouse and a novel human scFv-SNAP-auristatin F drug conjugate with potent activity against EGFR-overexpressing human solid tumor cells. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3313-3327. [PMID: 28740407 PMCID: PMC5505605 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s140492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) can deliver toxins to specific targets such as tumor cells. They have shown promise in preclinical/clinical development but feature stoichiometrically undefined chemical linkages, and those based on full-size antibodies achieve only limited tumor penetration. SNAP-tag technology can overcome these challenges by conjugating benzylguanine-modified toxins to single-chain fragment variables (scFvs) with 1:1 stoichiometry while preserving antigen binding. Two (human and mouse) scFv-SNAP fusion proteins recognizing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were expressed in HEK 293T cells. The purified fusion proteins were conjugated to auristatin F (AURIF). Binding activity was confirmed by flow cytometry/immunohistochemistry, and cytotoxic activity was confirmed by cell viability/apoptosis and cell cycle arrest assays, and a novel microtubule dynamics disassembly assay was performed. Both ADCs bound specifically to their target cells in vitro and ex vivo, indicating that the binding activity of the scFv-SNAP fusions was unaffected by conjugation to AURIF. Cytotoxic assays confirmed that the ADCs induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at nanomolar concentrations and microtubule disassembly. The SNAP-tag technology provides a platform for the development of novel ADCs with defined conjugation sites and stoichiometry. We achieved the stable and efficient linkage of AURIF to human or murine scFvs using the SNAP-tag technology, offering a strategy to improve the development of personalized medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Woitok
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (Biology VII), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Diana Klose
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefano Di Fiore
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Stein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Gresch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Elena Grieger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (Biology VII), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kolberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Judith Niesen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
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349
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Abstract
The rapid diagnosis of many diseases and timely initiation of appropriate treatment are critical determinants that promote optimal clinical outcomes and general public health. Biosensors are now being applied for rapid diagnostics due to their capacity for point-of-care use with minimum need for operator input. Antibody-based biosensors or immunosensors have revolutionized diagnostics for the detection of a plethora of analytes such as disease markers, food and environmental contaminants, biological warfare agents and illicit drugs. Antibodies are ideal biorecognition elements that provide sensors with high specificity and sensitivity. This review describes monoclonal and recombinant antibodies and different immobilization approaches crucial for antibody utilization in biosensors. Examples of applications of a variety of antibody-based sensor formats are also described.
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350
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Generation of a rabbit single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody for specific detection of Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9 in both free-living and bacteroid forms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179983. [PMID: 28654662 PMCID: PMC5487062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and reliable method for the detection of specific nitrogen-fixing bacteria in both free-living and bacteroid forms is essential for the development and application of biofertilizer. Traditionally, a polyclonal antibody generated from an immunized rabbit was used for detection. However, the disadvantages of using a polyclonal antibody include limited supply and cross-reactivity to related bacterial strains. This is the first report on the application of phage display technology for the generation of a rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody for specific detection and monitoring of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in both free-living form and in plant nodules. Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9, a broad host range soil bacteria, originally isolated from the root nodules of Aeschynomene americana in Thailand was used as a model in this study. A recombinant single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody library was constructed from the spleen of a rabbit immunized with DOA9. After three rounds of biopanning, one specific phage-displayed scFv antibody, designated bDOA9rb8, was identified. Specific binding of this antibody was confirmed by phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (phage ELISA). The phage antibody could bind specifically to DOA9 in both free-living cells (pure culture) and bacteroids inside plant nodules. In addition to phage ELISA, specific and robust immunofluorescence staining of both free-living and bacteroid forms could also be observed by confocal-immunofluorescence imaging, without cross-reactivity with other tested bradyrhizobial strains. Moreover, specific binding of free scFv to DOA9 was also demonstrated by ELISA. This recombinant antibody can also be used for the study of the molecular mechanism of plant-microbe interactions in the future.
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