301
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Ichim TE, Popov IA, Riordan NH, Izadi H, Zhong Z, Yijian L, Sher S, Oleinik EK. A novel method of modifying immune responses by vaccination with lipiodol-siRNA mixtures. J Transl Med 2006; 4:2. [PMID: 16390542 PMCID: PMC1343589 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-4-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The dendritic cell (DC) possesses the ability to stimulate both T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 responses depending on activation stimuli. Although it is known that chemically or genetically modified DC can be used therapeutically to steer immune responses towards either Th1 or Th2, cellular therapy with ex vivo manipulated DC is clinically difficult. Here we demonstrate a novel method of switching immune responses from Th1 to Th2 through in vivo immune modulation by administration of siRNA. We demonstrate that siRNA targeting of the IL-12p35 gene leads to a Th2 bias in vitro through an IL-10 dependent mechanism. In vivo administration of siRNA admixed with the oil-based contrast agent lipiodol in the presence of antigen and adjuvant induced a deviation in recall response to reduced production of IFN-gamma and augmented IL-4 response using either KLH or ovalbumin. This simple method of in vivo modification of immune response possesses therapeutic potential in Th1-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis and autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor A Popov
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Hamid Izadi
- Medistem Laboratories Inc, Tempe Arizona, USA
| | - Zaohui Zhong
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Yijian
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Salman Sher
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Eugenia K Oleinik
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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302
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Pereira P, Boss A, Clasen S, Gouttefangeas C, Schmidt D, Claussen CD. Radiofrequency ablation: the percutaneous approach. Recent Results Cancer Res 2006; 167:39-52. [PMID: 17044295 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-28137-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Pereira
- Division of Local Therapy, Hoppe-Seyler-Str.3, Tübingen, Germany
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303
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Illing RO, Kennedy JE, Wu F, ter Haar GR, Protheroe AS, Friend PJ, Gleeson FV, Cranston DW, Phillips RR, Middleton MR. The safety and feasibility of extracorporeal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the treatment of liver and kidney tumours in a Western population. Br J Cancer 2005; 93:890-5. [PMID: 16189519 PMCID: PMC2361666 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) provides a potential noninvasive alternative to conventional therapies. We report our preliminary experience from clinical trials designed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a novel, extracorporeal HIFU device for the treatment of liver and kidney tumours in a Western population. The extracorporeal, ultrasound-guided Model-JC Tumor Therapy System (HAIFU Technology Company, China) has been used to treat 30 patients according to four trial protocols. Patients with hepatic or renal tumours underwent a single therapeutic HIFU session under general anaesthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging 12 days after treatment provided assessment of response. The patients were subdivided into those followed up with further imaging alone or those undergoing surgical resection of their tumours, which enabled both radiological and histological assessment. HIFU exposure resulted in discrete zones of ablation in 25 of 27 evaluable patients (93%). Ablation of liver tumours was achieved more consistently than for kidney tumours (100 vs 67%, assessed radiologically). The adverse event profile was favourable when compared to more invasive techniques. HIFU treatment of liver and kidney tumours in a Western population is both safe and feasible. These findings have significant implications for future noninvasive image-guided tumour ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Illing
- HIFU Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK, and Clinical Center for Tumor Therapy, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, People's Republic of China.
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304
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Krewet JA, Ren W, Huang XF, Chen SY, Shah MR. Anti-tumor immune responses following neoadjuvant immunotherapy with a recombinant adenovirus expressing HSP72 to rodent tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2005; 54:988-98. [PMID: 15889253 PMCID: PMC11034332 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Gene modification of tumor cells is commonly utilized in various strategies of immunotherapy preventive both as treatment and a means to modify tumor growth. Gene transfer prior to surgery as neoadjuvant therapy has not been studied systematically. We addressed, whether direct intra-tumoral injection of a recombinant adenovirus expressing the immunomodulatory molecule, heat shock protein 72 (ADHSP72), administered prior to surgery could result in sustainable anti-tumor immune responses capable of affecting tumor progression and survival in a number of different murine and rat tumor models. Using intra-dermal murine models of melanoma (B16), colorectal carcinoma (CT26), prostate cancer (TrampC2) and a rat model of glioblastoma (9L), tumors were treated with vehicle or GFP expressing adenovirus (ADGFP) or ADHSP72. Tumors were surgically excised after 72 h. Approximately 25-50% of animals in the ADHSP72 treatment group but not in control groups showed sustained resistance to subsequent tumor challenge. Tumor resistance was associated with development of anti-tumor cellular immune responses. Efficacy of ADHSP72 as neoadjuvant therapy was dependent on the size of the initial tumor with greater likelihood of immune response generation and tumor resistance associated with smaller tumor size at initial treatment. ADHSP72 neoadjuvant therapy resulted in prolonged survival of animals upon re-challenge with autologous tumor cells compared to ADGFP or vehicle control groups. To study the effects on tumor progression of distant metastases, a single tumor focus of animals with multifocal intra-dermal tumors was treated. ADHSP72 diminished progression of the secondary tumor focus and prolonged survival, but only when the secondary tumor focus was <50 mm3 . Our results indicate that gene modification of tumors prior to surgical intervention may be beneficial to prevent recurrence in specific circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Krewet
- Center for Anatomic Studies, Saint Louis University, USA
- Saint Louis University Cancer Center, West Pavilion; Room 361, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Wenhong Ren
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Xue F. Huang
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Maulik R. Shah
- Center for Anatomic Studies, Saint Louis University, USA
- Saint Louis University Cancer Center, West Pavilion; Room 361, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University, USA
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305
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Polak ME, Johnson P, Di Palma S, Higgins B, Hurren J, Borthwick NJ, Jager MJ, Mccormick D, Cree IA. Presence and maturity of dendritic cells in melanoma lymph node metastases. J Pathol 2005; 207:83-90. [PMID: 15983979 DOI: 10.1002/path.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2005] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immune avoidance mechanisms play a key role in the successful dissemination of melanoma. One mechanism whereby this could be achieved is by interfering with dendritic cell (DC) presentation of tumour-associated antigens to naïve T cells. In particular, immature DCs characterized by the absence of accessory molecules are known to be immunosuppressive and to be involved in the induction of tolerance. The present study has investigated the presence and activation status of DCs within melanoma metastases in the regional lymph nodes. Using image analysis techniques, the expression of Factor XIIIa (FXIIIa), CD40, CD83 and HLA-DR and the morphological features of DCs were examined in paraffin sections from 26 lymph nodes containing melanoma metastases. DCs expressing FXIIIa were found in 70% of the lymph nodes. The number of DCs identified was generally small but there were more concentrated areas of DCs designated as hotspots. In these areas of high FXIIIa staining, the percentage area occupied by DCs varied between 0.1% and 10%. The majority of FXIIIa-positive cells did not express the DC maturation markers CD83 or CD40 and morphologically were rounded with few dendrites, indicating that they were immature. The cells did, however, express high levels of HLA-DR, suggesting that they have the ability to present antigen but lack the accessory molecules required to initiate an immune response. Immature DCs, characterized by phenotypic and morphological features, are therefore present within the tumour deposits in lymph nodes infiltrated by melanoma and may specifically modulate the anti-melanoma immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta E Polak
- Translational Oncology Research Centre, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK.
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306
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Avogadri F, Martinoli C, Petrovska L, Chiodoni C, Transidico P, Bronte V, Longhi R, Colombo MP, Dougan G, Rescigno M. Cancer immunotherapy based on killing of Salmonella-infected tumor cells. Cancer Res 2005; 65:3920-7. [PMID: 15867392 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A major obstacle for the development of effective immunotherapy is the ability of tumors to escape the immune system. The possibility to kill tumor cells because they are recognized as infected rather than as malignant could help overcome immune escape mechanisms. Here we report a conceptually new approach of cancer immunotherapy based on in vivo infection of tumors and killing of infected tumor cells. Attenuated but still invasive, Salmonella typhimurium can be successfully exploited to invade melanoma cells that can present antigenic determinants of bacterial origin and become targets for anti-Salmonella-specific T cells. However, to fully appreciate the anticancer therapeutic properties of S. typhimurium, tumor-bearing mice need to be vaccinated against S. typhimurium before intratumoral Salmonella injection. Tumor infection when coupled to anti-Salmonella vaccination leads to 50% to 100% tumor-free mice with a better outcome on larger tumors. Invasive Salmonella also exert an indirect toxic effect on tumor cells through the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the cross-presentation of tumor antigens, which allow induction of tumor-specific immune response. This is effective in retarding the growth of untreated established distant tumors and in protecting the mice from subsequent tumor challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Avogadri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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307
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Abstract
Traditionally, surgery has been the only cure for many solid tumours. Technological advances have catalysed a shift from open surgery towards less invasive techniques. Laparoscopic surgery and minimally invasive techniques continue to evolve, but for decades high-intensity focused ultrasound has promised to deliver the ultimate objective - truly non-invasive tumour ablation. Only now, however, with recent improvements in imaging, has this objective finally emerged as a real clinical possibility.
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308
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