301
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary habits, including dietary patterns, have been associated with the risk of chronic diseases, including cancer. The objective of the present study was to evaluate Korean dietary patterns as assessed by using an FFQ and associations of dietary patterns with lifestyle risk factors. DESIGN Dietary patterns were analysed by factor analysis using a sixteen-group FFQ. The associations between dietary patterns and lifestyle risk factors were investigated by logistic regression analysis. SETTING The National Cancer Center in South Korea. SUBJECTS The study population included 11 440 participants aged ≥ 30 years who were recruited between 2002 and 2007. RESULTS Compared with the lowest quartile intake of each dietary pattern, current smoking was positively associated with the Western pattern (OR = 1·55 for the highest quartile, 95 % CI 1·27, 1·88; P < 0·001) and the traditional pattern (OR = 1·34, 95 % CI 1·11, 1·62; P = 0·002) in men, but was inversely associated with the healthy pattern in both genders (P < 0·001) and the traditional pattern (OR = 0·52, 95 % CI 0·36, 0·75; P = 0·001) in women. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with all patterns in both genders, while no association was observed with the healthy pattern in women. Physical activity and dietary supplement use were positively associated with all patterns in both genders, with the exception of physical activity in women, which showed an inverse association with the traditional pattern. CONCLUSIONS Dietary patterns are strongly associated with health behaviours. The possible confounding effect of other risk behaviours should be appropriately considered when conducting nutritional epidemiological studies.
Collapse
|
302
|
Luksiene DI, Baceviciene M, Tamosiunas A, Daugeliene E, Kranciukaite D. Health, alcohol and psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe study: dietary patterns and their association with socio-demographic factors in the Lithuanian urban population of Kaunas city. Int J Public Health 2010; 56:209-16. [PMID: 20703510 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-010-0170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify the main dietary patterns in the Lithuanian urban population and to determine their association with socio-demographic factors. METHODS Data from the survey performed in the framework of the HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol, Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe) study were presented. A random sample of 7,087 individuals aged 45-72 years was screened in 2006-2008. RESULTS Factor analysis of the main dietary patterns revealed a five-factor solution, which accounted for 47.8% of the variance: "fresh vegetables and fruit"; "sweets"; "porridge and cereals"; "potatoes, meat, boiled vegetables and eggs"; "chicken and fish". "Fresh vegetables and fruits" factor and "sweets" factor were inversely associated with age both in men and women: older people consumed less frequent than average of the particular food groups. Dietary patterns of people with good self-rated health and university education were healthier than among people with lower education and poorer health. CONCLUSION Nutrition education efforts should focus on improving food diversity, with particular targeting of lower educated, single and older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ieva Luksiene
- Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
303
|
Associations between food patterns, socioeconomic position and working situation among adult, working women and men in Oslo. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:1150-7. [PMID: 20700136 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Socioeconomic disparities in diet are well documented, but the relative importance of different indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP) is not well known. The aim of this study was to explore relationships between food patterns, SEP (occupation, education and income) and degree of work control. SUBJECTS/METHODS A cross-sectional population-based study 2000-2001, using three self-administered questionnaires including food frequency questions (FFQs). Factor analysis was used to explore food patterns. Participants include 9762 working Oslo citizens, 30-60 years of age, having answered the questionnaires with <20% of the FFQ missing. RESULTS Four food patterns were found: Western, prudent, traditional and sweet. In multivariate analyses, the likelihood of having a high intake of the Western pattern was lowest in the two highest educational groups (women: odds ratio (OR)=0.54/OR=0.75; men: OR=0.51/OR=0.76), and in the two highest occupational groups for men (OR=0.73/OR=0.78). The odds of having a high intake of the prudent pattern was highest in the two highest educational groups (women: OR=2.50/OR=1.84; men: OR=2.23/OR=1.37), and among the self-employed (women OR=1.61, men OR=1.68), as well as in the highest occupational group for men (OR=1.33). Women always having work control were least likely to have high intake of the Western pattern (OR=0.78) and most likely to have high intake of the prudent pattern (OR=1.39). CONCLUSIONS The SEP indicators were in different ways related to the food patterns, but the effect of occupation and income was partly explained by education, especially among women. Women's work control and men's occupation were important for their eating habits.
Collapse
|
304
|
Beneficial impact on cardiovascular risk profile of water buffalo meat consumption. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:1000-6. [PMID: 20588291 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Meat is a good source of proteins and irons, yet its consumption has been associated with unfavorable cardiovascular effects. Whether this applies to all types of meat is unclear. We thus aimed to appraise the impact of water buffalo meat consumption on cardiovascular risk profile with an observational longitudinal study. SUBJECTS/METHODS Several important cardiovascular risk features were appraised at baseline and at 12-month follow-up in 300 adult subjects divided in groups: recent consumers of water buffalo meat vs subjects who had never consumed water buffalo meat. In addition, long-standing consumers of water buffalo meat were evaluated. RESULTS Age, gender, height, body weight, and the remaining diet (with the exception of cow meat consumption) were similar across groups. From baseline to follow-up, recent consumers of water buffalo meat change their intake of water buffalo meat from none to 600+/-107 g per week (P<0.001), with ensuing reductions in cow meat consumption from 504+/-104 to 4+/-28 (P<0.001). At the end of the study, recent consumers of water buffalo meat showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol and triglycerides levels, lower pulse wave velocity, as well as a more blunted response to oxidative stress from baseline to follow-up in comparison with subjects who had never consumed water buffalo meat (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of buffalo meat seems to be associated with several beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk profile. Awaiting further randomized clinical trials, this study suggests that a larger consumption of water buffalo meat could confer significant cardiovascular benefits, while continuing to provide a substantial proportion of the recommended daily allowance of protein.
Collapse
|
305
|
Singh RB, Demeester F, Wilczynska A. The tsim tsoum approaches for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cardiol Res Pract 2010; 2010:824938. [PMID: 20671994 PMCID: PMC2910415 DOI: 10.4061/2010/824938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tsim Tsoum Concept means that humans evolved on a diet in which nature recommends to ingest fatty acids in a balanced ratio (polyunsaturated(P) : saturated(S) =w-6 : w-3 = 1 : 1)as part of dietary lipid pattern where monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) is the major fatty acid(P : M : S = 1 : 6 : 1) in the background of other dietary factors; antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and fiber as well as physical activity and low mental stress. Several hundred years ago, our diet included natural foods; fruits, vegetables, green vegetables, seeds, eggs and honey. Fish, and wild meat were also available to pre-agricultural humans which shaped modern human genetic nutritional requirement. Cereal grains (refined), and vegetable oils that are rich in w-6 fatty acids are relatively recent addition to the human diet that represent dramatic departure from those foods to which we are adapted. Excess of linoleic acid, trans fatty acids (TFA), saturated and total fat as well as refined starches and sugar are proinflammatory. Low dietary MUFA and n-3 fatty acids and other long chain polyunsarurated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are important in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Increased sympathetic activity with greater secretion of neurotransmitters in conjunction of underlying long chain PUFA deficiency, and excess of proinflammatory nutrients, may damage the neurons via proinflammatory cytokines, in the ventromedial hypothalamus and insulin receptors in the brain.Since, 30–50% of the fatty acids in the brain are LCPUFA, especially omega-3 fatty acids, which are incorporated in the cell membrane phospholipids, it is possible that their supplementation may be protective.Blood lipid composition does reflect one's health status: (a) circulating serum lipoproteins and their ratio provide information on their atherogenicity to blood vessels and (b) circulating plasma fatty acids, such as w-6/w-3 fatty acid ratio, give indication on proinflammatory status of blood vessels, cardiomyocytes, liver cells and neurones; (a) and (b) are phenotype-related and depend on genetic, environmental and developmental factors. As such, they appear as universal markers for holistic health and these may be important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, which is the main consideration of Tsim Tsoum concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R B Singh
- Tsim Tsoum Institute, Ul. Golebia 2, 31-007 Krakow, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
306
|
Frequent use of staff canteens is associated with unhealthy dietary habits and obesity in a Norwegian adult population. Public Health Nutr 2010; 14:133-41. [PMID: 20529403 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980010001473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore socio-economic differences in use of staff canteens and whether frequent use of staff canteens is associated with different food patterns and obesity. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using three self-administered questionnaires, two of them including food frequency questions. Factor analysis was used to explore food patterns. SETTING Oslo, Norway, 2000-2001. SUBJECTS In total 8943 adult, working Oslo citizens. RESULTS Frequent (≥3 times/week) use of staff canteens was most likely among men, younger workers and those in the highest education and income groups. However, after adjustment for demographic, socio-economic and lifestyle factors, those with highest education were least likely to use staff canteens frequently. Frequent eating in staff canteens was positively associated with a Western food pattern (based on fat-rich food, fast food and red meat) and inversely associated with a traditional food pattern (based on boiled potatoes and gravy, and less rice, pasta and oil) in multivariate analyses. Unadjusted, frequent eating in staff canteens was also inversely associated with a prudent food pattern (based on fruit, vegetables, fish, legumes and oil). The likelihood of being obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) increased significantly with frequent eating in staff canteens, also when adjusted for demographic and socio-economic variables. Adjustment for the food patterns attenuated this relationship, but it was still significant. CONCLUSIONS Frequent eating in staff canteens was negatively related to socio-economic position and positively associated with unhealthy dietary habits. This partly explained higher odds for obesity among frequent users of staff canteens. Future research should assess the availability and food options of staff canteens.
Collapse
|
307
|
Krukowski RA, West DS. Consideration of the Food Environment in Cancer Risk Reduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 110:842-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
308
|
Cassidy A, De Vivo I, Liu Y, Han J, Prescott J, Hunter DJ, Rimm EB. Associations between diet, lifestyle factors, and telomere length in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:1273-80. [PMID: 20219960 PMCID: PMC2854902 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte telomere length is associated with diseases of aging, but there is limited knowledge of diet and lifestyle determinants. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine cross-sectionally the association between diet, body composition, and lifestyle factors on leukocyte telomere length in women. DESIGN Leukocyte telomere length was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 2284 female participants from the Nurses' Health Study, who were selected as controls for an investigation of biological predictors of cancer. Diet, lifestyle, and anthropometric data were assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS After multivariate adjustment, dietary fiber intake was positively associated with telomere length (z score), specifically cereal fiber, with an increase of 0.19 units between the lowest and highest quintiles (P = 0.007, P for trend = 0.03). Although total fat intake was not associated with telomere length, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (-0.26 units, quintile 5 compared with quintile 1: P = 0.002, P for trend = 0.02), specifically linoleic acid intake, was inversely associated with telomere length after multivariate adjustment (-0.32 units; P = 0.001, P for trend = 0.05). Waist circumference was inversely associated with telomere length [0.15-unit difference in z score in a comparison of the highest (> or = 32 in, 81.28 cm) with the lowest (< or = 28 in, 71.12 cm) category (P = 0.01, P for trend = 0.02) in the multivariate model]. We found no association between telomere length and smoking, physical activity, or postmenopausal hormone use. CONCLUSION Although the strength of the associations was modest in this population of middle- and older-age women, our results support the hypothesis that body composition and dietary factors are related to leukocyte telomere length, which is a potential biomarker of chronic disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aedín Cassidy
- School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
309
|
Association of dietary patterns with BMI and waist circumference in a low-income neighbourhood in Brazil. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:908-13. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510001479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional analysis of food intake usually fails to show an association between energy and nutrient intake and indicators of obesity. The analysis of food patterns can contribute to the understanding of the association between eating habits and anthropometric indicators. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out on a low-income neighbourhood in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, and 1009 subjects between 20 and 65 years of age completed an FFQ. Dietary patterns were identified by means of factor analysis, and their associations with BMI and waist circumference (WC) were ascertained by applying a linear regression analysis. Three main dietary patterns were identified: a mixed pattern, which included cereals, fish and shrimp, vegetables, roots, fruits, eggs, meat and caffeinated beverages; a Western pattern, which consisted of ‘fast foods’, soft drinks, juices, cakes, cookies, milk and dairy, sweets and snacks; a traditional pattern, which included rice, beans, bread, sugar, fats and salad dressings. After adjusting for age and energy intake, we found that the traditional dietary pattern was inversely associated with BMI (β = − 1·14, P < 0·001) and WC (β = − 14·9, P = 0·002) among females. Additionally, a positive association between the Western pattern and WC (β = 12·8, P = 0·02) was observed for females. A diet based on rice and beans may have a protective role against weight gain in women.
Collapse
|
310
|
Mantzoros CS, Sweeney L, Williams CJ, Oken E, Kelesidis T, Rifas-Shiman SL, Gillman MW. Maternal diet and cord blood leptin and adiponectin concentrations at birth. Clin Nutr 2010; 29:622-6. [PMID: 20363059 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of total energy intake, macronutrient intake, and maternal adherence to Mediterranean diet or Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) on cord blood leptin and adiponectin levels, which have been associated with childhood adiposity. METHODS We used multivariable linear regression to assess associations of maternal diet, averaged over 1st and 2nd trimesters, with cord blood adipokines of 780 women from the prospective cohort study Project Viva. RESULTS Mean (SD) energy intake during pregnancy was 2135 (596) kcal. Mean (SD) cord blood levels of leptin and adiponectin were 9.0 (6.6) ng/ml and 28.6 (6.7) μg/ml, respectively. Neither closer adherence to a Mediterranean/AHEI pattern diet nor energy intake was associated with either cord blood leptin or adiponectin. Protein intake was associated with both marginally lower leptin (-0.22 ng/ml [95% CI -0.41, -0.02] for each 1% of energy) and adiponectin (-0.25 μg/ml [95% CI -0.48, -0.02]). CONCLUSIONS Closer adherence to a Mediterranean/AHEI pattern diet during pregnancy was not associated with cord blood leptin or adiponectin. Maternal protein intake was weakly but significantly associated with lower cord blood leptin and adiponectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, ST816, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
311
|
Kant AK. Dietary patterns: biomarkers and chronic disease riskThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in the CSCN–CSNS 2009 Conference, entitled Are dietary patterns the best way to make nutrition recommendations for chronic disease prevention? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 35:199-206. [DOI: 10.1139/h10-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With increasing appreciation of the complexity of diets consumed by free-living individuals, there is interest in the assessment of the overall diet or dietary patterns in which multiple related dietary characteristics are considered as a single exposure. The 2 most frequently used methods to derive dietary patterns use (i) scores or indexes based on prevailing hypotheses about the role of dietary factors in disease prevention; and (ii) factors and clusters from exploration of available dietary data. A third method, a hybrid of the hypothesis-driven and data-driven methods, attempts to predict food combinations related to nutrients or biomarkers with hypothesized associations with particular health outcomes. Dietary patterns derived from the first 2 approaches have been examined in relation to nutritional and disease biomarkers and various health outcomes, and generally show the desirable dietary pattern to be consistent with prevalent beliefs about what constitutes a healthful diet. Results from observational studies suggest that the healthful dietary patterns were associated with significant but modest risk reduction (15%–30%) for all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease. Findings for various cancers have been inconsistent. The available randomized controlled intervention trials with a long-term follow-up to examine dietary patterns in relation to health outcome have generally produced null findings. Novel findings with the potential to change existing beliefs about diet and health relationships are yet to emerge from the dietary patterns research. The field requires innovation in methods to derive dietary patterns, validation of prevalent methods, and assessment of the effect of dietary measurement error on dietary patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashima K. Kant
- Deptartment of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Remsen Hall, Room 306E, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
312
|
Socio-economic status, place of residence and dietary habits among the elderly: the Mediterranean islands study. Public Health Nutr 2010; 13:1614-21. [PMID: 20353616 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980010000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the socio-economic status (SES) of elderly eastern Mediterranean islanders is associated with their dietary habits, particularly with adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured by the MedDietScore (range: 0-55), whereas SES was estimated using education and financial status. SUBJECTS During 2005-2007, 300 men and women from Cyprus, 100 from Samothraki, 142 from Mitilini, 114 from Kefalonia, 131 from Crete, 150 from Lemnos, 150 from Corfu and 103 from Zakynthos (aged 65-100 years), free of known chronic diseases, participated in the survey. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that belonging to the highest SES was associated with a higher MedDietScore (P < 0.01), after adjusting for potential sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary and clinical confounders. A significant positive association was also found between MedDietScore and years of school (P = 0.004), as well as financial status (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Older Greek people of higher SES seem to follow a relatively healthier diet. Both education and income seem to play a role in this issue. Thus, public health policy makers should focus on people with low SES in order to improve their quality of diet and, consequently, their health status.
Collapse
|
313
|
Lloyd-Jones D, Adams RJ, Brown TM, Carnethon M, Dai S, De Simone G, Ferguson TB, Ford E, Furie K, Gillespie C, Go A, Greenlund K, Haase N, Hailpern S, Ho PM, Howard V, Kissela B, Kittner S, Lackland D, Lisabeth L, Marelli A, McDermott MM, Meigs J, Mozaffarian D, Mussolino M, Nichol G, Roger VL, Rosamond W, Sacco R, Sorlie P, Roger VL, Thom T, Wasserthiel-Smoller S, Wong ND, Wylie-Rosett J. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2010 Update. Circulation 2010; 121:e46-e215. [PMID: 20019324 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.192667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2604] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
314
|
Hinge A, Bajaj M, Limaye L, Surolia A, Kale V. Oral Administration of Insulin Receptor-Interacting Lectins Leads to an Enhancement in the Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Pool of Mice. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:163-74. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Hinge
- National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, University of Pune Campus, Pune, India
| | - Manmohan Bajaj
- National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, University of Pune Campus, Pune, India
| | - Lalita Limaye
- National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, University of Pune Campus, Pune, India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, University of Pune Campus, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
315
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of calorie restriction in humans is controversial. Recently, new data in monkeys and humans have provided new insights into the potential role of calorie restriction in longevity. RECENT FINDINGS A study in rhesus monkeys showed a reduction in aging-associated mortality. A number of controlled studies have suggested a variety of beneficial effects during studies of 6-12 months in humans. Major negative effects in humans were loss of muscle mass, muscle strength and loss of bone. SUMMARY Dietary restriction in rodents has not been shown to be effective when started in older rodents. Weight loss in humans over 60 years of age is associated with increased mortality, hip fracture and increased institutionalization. Calorie restriction in older persons should be considered experimental and potentially dangerous. Exercise at present appears to be a preferable treatment for older persons.
Collapse
|
316
|
McAfee AJ, McSorley EM, Cuskelly GJ, Moss BW, Wallace JM, Bonham MP, Fearon AM. Red meat consumption: An overview of the risks and benefits. Meat Sci 2010; 84:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
317
|
Okuda N, Miura K, Yoshita K, Matsumura Y, Okayama A, Nakamura Y, Okamura T, Saitoh S, Sakata K, Ojima T, Turin TC, Ueshima H. Integration of data from NIPPON DATA80/90 and National Nutrition Survey in Japan: for cohort studies of representative Japanese on nutrition. J Epidemiol 2010; 20 Suppl 3:S506-14. [PMID: 20351471 PMCID: PMC3920387 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20090218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is one of the most important lifestyle factors that a affect healthy life expectancy through onset of various lifestyle-related diseases. Large-scale cohort studies with sufficient baseline nutritional information are scarce. NIPPON DATA80/90 is cohort study of representative Japanese population, and the cohorts also participated in the National Nutrition Survey in Japan (NNSJ) at the baseline. The corresponding datasets could be combined. METHODS Individual records of NIPPON DATA and NNSJ were compared and integrated. Intakes of nutrients and food groups for individual participants were calculated by distributing intakes in the each household in NNSJ, considering age and sex of the individuals. The results from an international cooperative epidemiological study (INTERMAP) were utilized to estimate intakes of 75 nutrients for NNSJ80 and 70 nutrients for NNSJ90. Nutrient intakes calculated utilizing INTERMAP data were compared with those in the NNSJ datasets. RESULTS NIPPON DATA80/90 datasets were enhanced with detailed baseline nutrient intake data (the numbers of participants combined were 10,422 and 8342 for NIPPON DATA80 and 90, respectively). The mean nutrient intakes calculated through utilizing INTEMRAP data and those calculated from the NNSJ datasets were similar, and the calculated values were strongly correlated with those calculated from NNSJ datasets (Pearson's correlation coefficients greater than 0.8 [P < 0.001]). Detailed nutrient intakes (eg, cholesterol, fatty acids, amino acids, and dietary fiber) were complemented. CONCLUSIONS The nutrient intakes calculated from NNSJ datasets for the participants of NIPPON DATA are appropriate as the baseline nutrient intake data. The enhanced cohort datasets are suitable for investigations of baseline dietary habits and the consequent health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
318
|
Thomson CA, Thompson PA. Dietary patterns, risk and prognosis of breast cancer. Future Oncol 2009; 5:1257-69. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival in women diagnosed with early-stage, invasive breast cancer has improved dramatically in the past 10–15 years. This is largely due to the use of pharmacological therapies targeting a reduction in estrogen action and exposure. Women diagnosed with breast cancer often alter their eating behavior towards healthier food choices in an attempt to improve their survival and their overall health and well being. Mounting interest in the role of diet to modify breast cancer survival and/or comorbidity and mortality has led researchers to evaluate the effects of differential dietary patterns on this disease. Current findings suggest a possible, but inconsistent, benefit of a prudent, vegetable-rich, low-fat/high-vegetable eating pattern on disease-free survival, but the results to date are limited by strong treatment effectiveness and low overall recurrence rates. It is more likely this prudent eating pattern will improve non-breast cancer mortality (e.g., cardiovascular disease) compared with a Western dietary pattern. Efforts to educate women diagnosed with breast cancer to consume a diet lower in total and saturated fat, higher in vegetables and fiber, and which results in mild to modest weight loss among overweight/obese women is sensible in light of the high survivability of breast cancer and need to direct attention to comorbidities that likely increase as a consequence of treatment and treatment-related weight gain and sedentary behavior. Additional research is needed to address the importance of diet in the breast cancer patient, particularly in relation to the effect of select dietary patterns on factors that influence individual recurrence risk (e.g., hormone levels, drug metabolism and oxidative stress), as well as factors that influence non-breast cancer morbidity risk and causes of death in the survivor population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Thomson
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Arizona, AZ, USA
| | - Patricia A Thompson
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
319
|
|
320
|
Quandt SA, Chen H, Bell RA, Savoca MR, Anderson AM, Leng X, Kohrman T, Gilbert GH, Arcury TA. Food avoidance and food modification practices of older rural adults: association with oral health status and implications for service provision. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2009; 50:100-11. [PMID: 19574543 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnp096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary variation is important for health maintenance and disease prevention among older adults. However, oral health deficits impair ability to bite and chew foods. This study examines the association between oral health and foods avoided or modified in a multiethnic rural population of older adults. It considers implications for nutrition and medical service provision to this population. DESIGN AND METHODS In-home interviews and oral examinations were conducted with 635 adults in rural North Carolina counties with substantial African American and American Indian populations. Avoidance and modification data were obtained for foods representing different dental challenges and dietary contributions. Data were weighted to census data for ethnicity and sex. Bivariate analyses of oral health measures and foods avoided used chi-square and logistic regression tests. Multivariable analyses used proportional odds or nominal regression models. RESULTS Whole fruits and raw vegetables were the most commonly avoided foods; substantial proportions of older adults also avoided meats, cooked vegetables, and other foods. Food avoidance was significantly associated with self-rated oral health, periodontal disease, bleeding gums, dry mouth, having dentures, and having fewer anterior and posterior occlusal contacts. Associations persisted when controlling for demographic and socioeconomic status indicators. From 24% to 68% of participants reported modifying specific fruits, vegetables, and meats. Modifying harder foods was related to location of teeth and periodontal disease and softer foods to oral pain and dry mouth. IMPLICATIONS Food services for older adults should consider their oral health status. Policy changes are needed to provide oral health care in benefits for older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Quandt
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
321
|
Abstract
Dietary patterns have been related to health outcomes and morbi-mortality. Mediterranean diet indexes are correlated with adequate nutrient intake. The objective of the present study was to analyse the adequacy of nutrient intake ofa posterioridefined Mediterranean (MDP) and Western (WDP) diet patterns in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort. A sample of 17 197 subjects participated in the study. Participants completed a 136-item validated semi-quantitative FFQ. Principal component analysis was used to define dietary patterns. Individuals were classified according to quintiles of adherence based on dietary pattern scores. Non-dietary variables, such as smoking and physical activity habits, were also taken into account. The probability approach was used to assess nutrient intake adequacy of certain vitamins (vitamins B12, B6, B3, B2, B1, A, C, D and E) and minerals (Na, Zn, iodine, Se, folic acid, P, Mg, K, Fe and Ca). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the adequacy of nutrient intake according to adherence to dietary patterns. WDP and MDP were defined. A higher quintile of adherence to an MDP was associated to a lower prevalence of inadequacy for the intake of Zn, iodine, vitamin E, Mg, Fe, vitamin B1, vitamin A, Se, vitamin C and folic acid. The adjusted OR for not reaching at least six (or at least ten) nutrient recommendations were 0·09 (95 % CI: 0·07, 0·11) (and 0·02 (95 % CI: 0·00, 0·16)) for the upper quintile of MDP and 4·4 (95 % CI: 3·6, 5·5) and 2·5 (95 % CI: 1·1, 5·4) for the WDP. The MDP was associated to a better profile of nutrient intake.
Collapse
|
322
|
Lee SA, Shu XO, Li H, Yang G, Cai H, Wen W, Ji BT, Gao J, Gao YT, Zheng W. Adolescent and adult soy food intake and breast cancer risk: results from the Shanghai Women's Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:1920-6. [PMID: 19403632 PMCID: PMC2683002 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy food is a rich source of isoflavones--a class of phytoestrogens that has both antiestrogenic and anticarcinogenic properties. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the association of adolescent and adult soy food intake with breast cancer risk in a cohort of 73,223 Chinese women who participated in the Shanghai Women's Health Study. DESIGN A validated food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual dietary intake during adulthood and adolescence. After a mean follow-up of 7.4 y, 592 incident cases of breast cancer were identified for longitudinal analyses by using Cox regressions. RESULTS Adult soy food consumption, measured either by soy protein or isoflavone intake, was inversely associated with the risk of premenopausal breast cancer, and the association was highly statistically significant (P for trend < 0.001). The multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) for the upper intake quintile compared with the lowest quintile were 0.41 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.70) for soy protein intake and 0.44 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.73) for isoflavone intake. High intake of soy foods during adolescence was also associated with a reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer (RR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.97). Women who consumed a high amount of soy foods consistently during adolescence and adulthood had a substantially reduced risk of breast cancer. No significant association with soy food consumption was found for postmenopausal breast cancer. CONCLUSION This large, population-based, prospective cohort study provides strong evidence of a protective effect of soy food intake against premenopausal breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ah Lee
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
323
|
Chu CY, Lee HJ, Chu CY, Yin YF, Tseng TH. Protective effects of leaf extract of Zanthoxylum ailanthoides on oxidation of low-density lipoprotein and accumulation of lipid in differentiated THP-1 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1265-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
324
|
Leon AS, Bronas UG. Dyslipidemia and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Role of Lifestyle Approaches for Its Management. Am J Lifestyle Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827609334518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple risk factors have a causative relationship to the etiology of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it is clear that dyslipidemia plays a central role. The chain of evidence is strongest for elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). An inverse association has also been demonstrated between levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and its principal apolipoprotein, A-1, and risk of CHD. Elevated levels of fasting triglyceride (TG) also are a predictor of CHD, but the independent contribution of TG is difficult to prove because of its usual association with reduced levels of HDL-C; elevated levels of small, dense, highly-atherogenic LDL particles; and the metabolic syndrome. Elevated fasting levels of non—HDL-C (TC — LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B also are strongly predictive of the risk of CHD. Therapeutic lifestyle changes are important adjuncts to pharmacologic management of dyslipidemia. The purpose of this article is to review these contributions with an emphasis on dietary habits (particularly lipid intake), weight management, and aerobic exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S. Leon
- Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene and Exercise Science, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
| | - Ulf G. Bronas
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| |
Collapse
|
325
|
Héroux M, Janssen I, Lam M, Lee DC, Hebert JR, Sui X, Blair SN. Dietary patterns and the risk of mortality: impact of cardiorespiratory fitness. Int J Epidemiol 2009; 39:197-209. [PMID: 19380370 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyp191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While dietary patterns that are both predictive of chronic disease and mortality have been identified, the confounding effects of cardiorespiratory fitness have not been properly addressed. The primary objective was to assess the relation between dietary patterns with all-cause mortality, while controlling for the potentially confounding effects of fitness. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study. Participants consisted of 13 621 men and women from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). Participants completed a clinical exam and 3-day diet record between 1987 and 1999. Participants were followed for mortality until 2003. Reduced rank regression (RRR) was used to identify dietary patterns that predicted unfavourable total and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, blood pressure, uric acid, white blood cell and body mass index values. RESULTS One primary dietary pattern emerged and was labelled the Unhealthy Eating Index. This pattern was characterized by elevated consumption of processed and red meat, white potato products, non-whole grains, added fat and reduced consumption of non-citrus fruits. The hazard ratio for all-cause mortality in the fifth vs the first quintile of the Unhealthy Eating Index was 1.40 (1.02-1.91). This risk estimate was reduced by 13.5 and 55.0% after controlling for self-reported physical activity and fitness, respectively. CONCLUSION In this study the association between diet and overall mortality was, in large part, confounded by fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Héroux
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
326
|
Perelló G, Martí-Cid R, Castell V, Llobet JM, Domingo JL. Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hexachlorobenzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in various foodstuffs before and after cooking. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:709-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
327
|
Abstract
There is growing consensus that systemic inflammation is at the heart of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inflammation is a key feature of the immune system, functioning to defend tissue integrity and function. However, chronic stimulation of inflammatory mediators leads to lasting vascular reactivity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and, subsequently, chronic disease. Dietary practices to minimize inflammatory stimuli and CVD risk include regular intakes of fatty fish rich in the eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids that compete with the more pervasive membrane fatty acid, arachidonic acid, disrupting the metabolic cascades that stimulate inflammation. Another effective dietary strategy is to consume less arachidonic acid by reducing beef, poultry, fish, and eggs from the diet (e.g., adopting a vegetarian-like diet). Since oxidative stress plays a prominent role in immune system activation, regular ingestion of ample amounts of fruits and vegetables (8+ servings/d) rich in antioxidant compounds, the polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamin C (e.g., citrus, tomatoes, berries, carrots, and greens), lowers inflammatory mediators and risk for chronic disease. Whole grains, legumes, and nuts have also been demonstrated in clinical trials to effectively reduce inflammatory mediators and risk for CVD. Hence, as proclaimed in antiquity, 'let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Johnston
- Department of Nutrition, Arizona State University, Mesa AZ 85212
| |
Collapse
|
328
|
Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, De Simone G, Ferguson TB, Flegal K, Ford E, Furie K, Go A, Greenlund K, Haase N, Hailpern S, Ho M, Howard V, Kissela B, Kittner S, Lackland D, Lisabeth L, Marelli A, McDermott M, Meigs J, Mozaffarian D, Nichol G, O'Donnell C, Roger V, Rosamond W, Sacco R, Sorlie P, Stafford R, Steinberger J, Thom T, Wasserthiel-Smoller S, Wong N, Wylie-Rosett J, Hong Y. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2008; 119:e21-181. [PMID: 19075105 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.191261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1356] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
329
|
Panagiotakos D. α-priori versus α-posterior methods in dietary pattern analysis: a review in nutrition epidemiology. NUTR BULL 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2008.00731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
330
|
Sobesky J. [Stroke prevention outside the pharmacy : risk factors and lifestyle]. DER NERVENARZT 2008; 79:1156-1163. [PMID: 18806982 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-008-2528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Advice on modifiable risk and lifestyle factors for stroke prevention should be an established component of medical consultation. It is most important to explain that alterations to the lifestyle can be highly efficient with respect to the individual risk profile. The following review describes the importance of lifestyle factors such as nutrition, smoking, alcohol consumption, psychiatric condition, sport, dental hygiene and sleep disturbances for the risk of stroke using current data. It provides evidence that lifestyle modifications are highly effective with respect to stroke prevention. Corresponding recommendations and preventive strategies are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Sobesky
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Kerpenerstrasse 62, 50924, Köln, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
331
|
Abstract
CONTEXT Serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol contribute significantly to atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae. Previous analyses of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) showed that mean levels of total cholesterol of US adults had declined from 1960-1962 to 1988-1994, and mean levels of LDL cholesterol (available beginning in 1976) had declined between 1976-1980 and 1988-1994. OBJECTIVE To examine trends in serum lipid levels among US adults between 1960 and 2002, with a particular focus on changes since the 1988-1994 NHANES survey. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Blood lipid measurements taken from 6098 to 15 719 adults who were examined in 5 distinct cross-sectional surveys of the US population during 1960-1962, 1971-1974, 1976-1980, 1988-1994, and 1999-2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and geometric mean serum triglyceride levels, and the percentage of adults with a serum total cholesterol level of at least 240 mg/dL (> or =6.22 mmol/L). RESULTS Between 1988-1994 and 1999-2002, total serum cholesterol level of adults aged 20 years or older decreased from 206 mg/dL (5.34 mmol/L) to 203 mg/dL (5.26 mmol/L) (P=.009) and LDL cholesterol levels decreased from 129 mg/dL (3.34 mmol/L) to 123 mg/dL (3.19 mmol/L) (P<.001). Greater and significant decreases were observed in men 60 years or older and in women 50 years or older. The percentage of adults with a total cholesterol level of at least 240 mg/dL (> or =6.22 mmol/L) decreased from 20% during 1988-1994 to 17% during 1999-2002 (P<.001). There was no change in mean HDL cholesterol levels and a nonsignificant increase in geometric mean serum triglyceride levels (P = .06). CONCLUSIONS The decrease in total cholesterol level observed during 1960-1994 and LDL cholesterol level observed during 1976-1994 has continued during 1999-2002 in men 60 to 74 years and women 50 to 74 years. The target value of no more than 17% of US adults with a total cholesterol level of at least 240 mg/dL (> or =6.22 mmol/L), an objective of Healthy People 2010, has been attained. The increase in the proportion of adults using lipid-lowering medication, particularly in older age groups, likely contributed to the decreases in total and LDL cholesterol levels observed. The increased prevalence of obesity in the US population may have contributed to the increase in mean serum triglyceride levels.
Collapse
|
332
|
Abstract
Chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the major causes of deaths in North America. Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables has been suggested to have protective effects against such chronic diseases. Carotenoids are important plant pigments which are thought to contribute towards the beneficial effects of fruit and vegetable consumption. This review focuses on the role of carotenoids and particularly lycopene in chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Agarwal
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|