301
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Sun W, Hu C, Wang T, Wang J, Zhang J, Gao F, Ou Q, Tian H, Jin C, Xu J, Zhang J, Xu GT, Lu L. Glia Maturation Factor Beta as a Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:744331. [PMID: 34796110 PMCID: PMC8593204 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.744331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancer. The novel sensitive biomarkers and therapeutic targets are urgently needed for the early diagnosis of HCC and improvement of clinical outcomes. Glia maturation factor-β (GMFB) is a growth and differentiation factor for both glia and neurons and has been found to be tightly involved in inflammation and neurodegeneration conditions. In our study, the expression level of GMFB was significantly up-regulated in patients with HCC and positively co-expression with tumor node metastases (TNM) stage and histopathological grade of HCC. The high expression level of GMFB was remarkably associated with poor overall survival, which mainly occurred in males rather than females. Multivariate analysis revealed GMFB to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with HCC. Results of Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways analysis showed that down-regulation of pathways related to protein translation and mitochondria function were enriched. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed the central role of mitochondria protein in HCC. The downregulation of genes involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis was observed among the co-expression genes of GMFB. Knockdown of GMFB in Hep3B significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of Hep3B cells, and also downregulated the expression levels of some of metal matrix proteinase (MMP), increased mtDNA copy number and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. GMFB influences the malignancy rate of HCC possibly through regulation of the expression of MMPs, mtDNA function and glycolysis. We proposed that GMFB was a promising HCC diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth's People Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changchang Hu
- Department of General Surgery of Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth's People Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieping Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth's People Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth's People Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth's People Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth's People Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth's People Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth's People Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth's People Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth's People Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth's People Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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302
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Peng X, Lin G, Zeng Y, Lei Z, Liu G. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Based Imaging Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:749381. [PMID: 34869261 PMCID: PMC8635232 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.749381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by poor prognosis and high mortality. The treatment of HCC is closely related to the stage, and the early-stage of HCC patients usually accompanies a more long-term survival rate after clinical treatment. Hence, there are critical needs to develop effective imaging agents with superior diagnostic precision for HCC detection at an early stage. Recently, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) based imaging agents have gained extensive attentions in HCC detection, which can serve as a multifunctional nanoplatform with controllable size and facile surface functionalization. This perspective summarizes recent advances in MSNs based imaging agents for HCC detection by the incorporation of several clinical imaging modalities. Multi-modal imaging system has been developed for higher spatial resolution and sensitivity. Even though some limitations and challenges need to be overcome, we envision the development of novel MSNs based imaging agents will offer great potential applications in clinical HCC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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303
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Tong PH, Zhu L, Zang Y, Li J, He XP, James TD. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as host materials for the enhanced delivery of biomacromolecular therapeutics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12098-12110. [PMID: 34714306 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biomacromolecular drugs have become an important class of therapeutic agents for the treatment of human diseases. Considering their high propensity for being degraded in the human body, the choice of an appropriate delivery system is key to ensure the therapeutic efficacy of biomacromolecular drugs in vivo. As an emerging class of supramolecular "host" materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit advantages in terms of the tunability of pore size, encapsulation efficiency, controllable drug release, simplicity in surface functionalization and good biocompatibility. As a result, MOF-based host-guest systems have been extensively developed as a new class of flexible and powerful platform for the delivery of therapeutic biomacromolecules. In this review, we summarize current research progress in the synthesis of MOFs as delivery materials for a variety of biomacromolecules. Firstly, we briefly introduce the advances made in the use of biomacromolecular drugs for disease therapy and the types of commonly used clinical delivery systems. We then describe the advantages of using MOFs as delivery materials. Secondly, the strategies for the construction of MOF-encapsulated biomacromolecules (Biomacromolecules@MOFs) and the release mechanisms of the therapeutics are categorized. Thirdly, the application of MOFs to deliver different types of biomacromolecules (e.g., antigens/antibodies, enzymes, therapeutic proteins, DNA/RNA, polypeptides, and polysaccharides) for the treatment of various human diseases based on immunotherapy, gene therapy, starvation therapy and oxidation therapy is summarized. Finally, the remaining challenges and available opportunities for MOFs as drug delivery systems are outlined, which we anticipate will encourage additional research efforts directed towards developing Biomacromolecules@MOFs systems for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hong Tong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yi Zang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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304
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Zhou Y, Niu B, Zhao Y, Fu J, Wen T, Liao K, Quan G, Pan X, Wu C. Multifunctional nanoreactors-integrated microneedles for cascade reaction-enhanced cancer therapy. J Control Release 2021; 339:335-349. [PMID: 34606937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Starvation therapy based on glucose oxidase (GOx) has attracted considerable attention in tumor treatment. However, several shortcomings severely hinder its further applications, including limited therapeutic efficacy, poor enzyme stability, and potential side effects. Herein, a strategy of cascade reaction-enhanced combined therapy based on the oxygen-evolving multifunctional nanoreactors is proposed for tumor therapy. The GOx and catalase (CAT) are immobilized in metal-organic frameworks by biomimetic mineralization to improve their stability via spatial confinement. The GOx can consume glucose, reduce ATP levels, and down-regulate the expression of heat shock proteins, which consequently sensitize tumor cells to indocyanine green-based photothermal therapy. Furthermore, the hydrogen peroxide generated by GOx as well as overexpressed in tumor can be decomposed by CAT and continuously generate oxygen, which further enhance the efficacy of oxygen-dependent starvation therapy and photodynamic therapy. The nanoreactors are directly delivered to the superficial tumor by microneedles, achieving efficient tumor accumulation and dramatically strengthened antitumor efficacy without obvious side effects, which provides a valuable paradigm for the application of cascade reaction-based combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Boyi Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiting Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jintao Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaixin Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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305
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Cheng H, Fan X, Ye E, Chen H, Yang J, Ke L, You M, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Liu G, Loh XJ, Li Z. Dual Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling by Glucose-Contained Radical Copolymer for MRI-Guided Photoimmunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 34:e2107674. [PMID: 34755922 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant glucose metabolism and immune evasion are recognized as two hallmarks of cancer, which contribute to poor treatment efficiency and tumor progression. Herein, a novel material system consisting of a glucose and TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl) at the distal ends of PEO-b-PLLA block copolymer (glucose-PEO-b-PLLA-TEMPO), is designed to encapsulate clinical therapeutics CUDC101 and photosensitizer IR780. The specific core-shell rod structure formed by the designed copolymer renders TEMPO radicals excellent stability against reduction-induced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) silence. Tumor-targeting moiety endowed by glucose provides the radical copolymer outstanding multimodal imaging capabilities, including MRI, photoacoustic imaging, and fluorescence imaging. Efficient delivery of CUDC101 and IR780 is achieved to synergize the antitumor immune activation through IR780-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and CUDC101-triggered CD47 inhibition, showing M1 phenotype polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). More intriguingly, this study demonstrates PDT-stimulated p53 can also re-educate TAMs, providing a combined strategy of using dual tumor microenvironment remodeling to achieve the synergistic effect in the transition from cold immunosuppressive to hot immunoresponsive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Xiaoshan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Hu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore 138632 Singapore
| | - Lingjie Ke
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Mingliang You
- Hangzhou Cancer Institute Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002 China
| | - Minting Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Yong‐Wei Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore 138632 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117574 Singapore
| | - Yun‐Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117574 Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117574 Singapore
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306
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Jiang X, Zhang W, Li L, Xie S. Integrated Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed Hub Genes and Pathways Involved in Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609985. [PMID: 34737677 PMCID: PMC8560649 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a high mortality malignancy, has become a worldwide public health concern. Acquired resistance to the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib challenges its clinical efficacy and the survival benefits it provides to patients with advanced HCC. This study aimed to identify critical genes and pathways associated with sorafenib resistance in HCC using integrated bioinformatics analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using four HCC gene expression profiles (including 34 sorafenib-resistant and 29 sorafenib-sensitive samples) based on the robust rank aggregation method and R software. Gene ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tool. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), and small molecules reversing sorafenib resistance were searched for using the connectivity map (CMAP) database. Pearson correlation and survival analyses of hub genes were performed using cBioPortal and Gene Expression Profiling and Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Finally, the expression levels of hub genes in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells were verified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). A total of 165 integrated DEGs (66 upregulated and 99 downregulated in sorafenib resistant samples compared sorafenib sensitive ones) primarily enriched in negative regulation of endopeptidase activity, extracellular exosome, and protease binding were identified. Some pathways were commonly shared between the integrated DEGs. Seven promising therapeutic agents and 13 hub genes were identified. These findings provide a strategy and theoretical basis for overcoming sorafenib resistance in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xili Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province/Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province/Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shucai Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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307
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Valls A, Altava B, Aseyev V, Carreira-Barral I, Conesa L, Falomir E, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV, Quesada R. Structure-antitumor activity relationships of tripodal imidazolium-amino acid based salts. Effect of the nature of the amino acid, amide substitution and anion. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10575-10586. [PMID: 34734950 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01825f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor activity of imidazolium salts is highly dependent upon their lipophilicity that can be tuned by the introduction of different hydrophobic substituents on the nitrogen atoms of the imidazolium ring of the molecule. Taking this into consideration, we have synthesized and characterized a series of tripodal imidazolium salts derived from L-valine and L-phenylalanine containing different hydrophobic groups and tested them against four cancer cell lines at physiological and acidic pH. At acidic pH (6.2) the anticancer activity of some of the tripodal compounds changes dramatically, and this parameter is crucial to control their cytotoxicity and selectivity. Moreover, several of these compounds displayed selectivity against the control healthy cell line higher than four. The transmembrane anion transport studies revealed moderate transport abilities suggesting that the observed biological activity is likely not the result of just their transport activity. The observed trends in biological activity at acidic pH agree well with the results for the CF leakage assay. These results strongly suggest that this class of compounds can serve as potential chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Valls
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, ESTCE, University Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12004, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Belén Altava
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, ESTCE, University Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12004, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A413, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Laura Conesa
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, ESTCE, University Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12004, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Eva Falomir
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, ESTCE, University Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12004, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, ESTCE, University Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12004, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Santiago Vicente Luis
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, ESTCE, University Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12004, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Roberto Quesada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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308
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Cheng M, Dou H. Nano‐assemblies based on biomacromolecules to overcome cancer drug resistance. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Hongjing Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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309
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Cao L, Zhu YQ, Wu ZX, Wang GX, Cheng HW. Engineering nanotheranostic strategies for liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1213-1228. [PMID: 34721763 PMCID: PMC8529922 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma have continued to increase over the last few years, and the medicine-based outlook of patients is poor. Given great ideas from the development of nanotechnology in medicine, especially the advantages in the treatments of liver cancer. Some engineering nanoparticles with active targeting, ligand modification, and passive targeting capacity achieve efficient drug delivery to tumor cells. In addition, the behavior of drug release is also applied to the drug loading nanosystem based on the tumor microenvironment. Considering clinical use of local treatment of liver cancer, in situ drug delivery of nanogels is also fully studied in orthotopic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and ablation therapy. Furthermore, novel therapies including gene therapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are also applied as combined therapy for liver cancer. Engineering nonviral polymers to function as gene delivery vectors with increased efficiency and specificity, and strategies of co-delivery of therapeutic genes and drugs show great therapeutic effect against liver tumors, including drug-resistant tumors. Phototherapy is also applied in surgical procedures, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Combination strategies significantly enhance therapeutic effects and decrease side effects. Overall, the application of nanotechnology could bring a revolutionary change to the current treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yu-Qin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The 900th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China
| | - Gao-Xiong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hong-Wei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, Fujian Province, China
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310
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Lv H, Jin S, Zou B, Liang Y, Xie J, Wu S. Analyzing the whole-transcriptome profiles of ncRNAs and predicting the competing endogenous RNA networks in cervical cancer cell lines with cisplatin resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:532. [PMID: 34641878 PMCID: PMC8513283 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. In order to identify the functional roles and the interaction between mRNA and non-coding RNA (ncRNA, including lncRNA, circRNA and miRNA) in CC cisplatin (DDP) resistance, the transcription profile analysis was performed and a RNA regulatory model of CC DDP resistance was proposed. Methods In this study, whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis was conducted to study the ncRNA and mRNA profiles of parental SiHa cells and DDP resistant SiHa/DDP cells. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed for pathway analysis based on the selected genes with significant differences in expression. Subsequently, ceRNA network analyses were conducted using the drug resistance-related genes and signal-transduction pathways by Cytoscape software. Furthermore, a ceRNA regulatory pathway, namely lncRNA-AC010198.2/hsa-miR-34b-3p/STC2, was selected by RT-qPCR validation and literature searching. Further validation was done by both dual-luciferase reporter gene assays and RNA pull-down assays. Besides that, the changes in gene expression and biological function were further studied by performing si-AC010198.2 transfection and DDP resistance analyses in the SiHa and SiHa/DDP cells, respectively. Results Using bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter gene analyses, we found that AC010198.2/miR-34b-3p/STC2 may be a key pathway for DDP resistance in CC cells. Significant differences in both downstream gene expression and the biological function assays including colony formation, migration efficiency and cell apoptosis were identified in AC010198.2 knockdown cells. Conclusions Our study will not only provide new markers and potential mechanism models for CC DDP resistance, but also discover novel targets for attenuating it. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02239-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital), Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, TaiYuan, 030032, China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital), Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, TaiYuan, 030032, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan, 030001, China
| | - Binbin Zou
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yuxiang Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan, 030001, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan, 030001, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, TaiYuan, 030001, China
| | - Suhui Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital), Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, TaiYuan, 030032, China.
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311
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He P, Guan S, Ren E, Chen H, Chen H, Peng Y, Luo B, Xiong Y, Li B, Li J, Mao J, Liu G. Precision Interventional Brachytherapy: A Promising Strategy Toward Treatment of Malignant Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:753286. [PMID: 34692537 PMCID: PMC8531520 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.753286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision interventional brachytherapy is a radiotherapy technique that combines radiation therapy medicine with computer network technology, physics, etc. It can solve the limitations of conventional brachytherapy. Radioactive drugs and their carriers change with each passing day, and major research institutions and enterprises worldwide have conducted extensive research on them. In addition, the capabilities of interventional robotic systems are also rapidly developing to meet clinical needs for the precise delivery of radiopharmaceuticals in interventional radiotherapy. This study reviews the main radiopharmaceuticals, drug carriers, dispensing and fixation technologies, and interventional robotic precision delivery systems used in precision brachytherapy of malignant tumors. We then discuss the current needs in the field and future development prospects in high-precision interventional brachytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Siwen Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - En Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yisheng Peng
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yongfu Xiong
- Institute of Hepato-Biliary-Intestinal Disease, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingdong Li
- Institute of Hepato-Biliary-Intestinal Disease, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jingsong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Radiology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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312
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Fan X, Ke L, Cheng H, Chen H, Li Z, Ye E, Loh XJ, Wu YL, Liu G, Li Z. Enhanced drug retention by anthracene crosslinked nanocomposites for bimodal imaging-guided phototherapy. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14713-14722. [PMID: 34473183 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Efficient drug delivery, multifunctional combined therapy and real-time diagnosis are the main hallmarks in the exploitation of precision nanomedicine. Herein, an anthracene-functionalized micelle containing a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and the photosensitizer IR780 is designed to achieve sustained drug release and enhanced photothermal and photodynamic therapy. The polymer-coated hybrid micelle was achieved by crosslinking anthracene-dimer with UV light (λ > 300 nm), which is converted from near-infrared (NIR) irradiation upon UCNPs. Besides, the water-insoluble photosensitizer IR780 is introduced into the system to achieve efficient drug delivery and photothermal and photodynamic synergistic therapy. As a consequence of NIR-induced anthracene-dimer formation, the cross-linked nanocomposite shows sustained drug release, and the enhanced retention effect of IR780 could increase the photothermal conversion efficiency. Importantly, the incorporation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidineoxyl (TEMPO) as a nitroxide MRI contrast agent presents the potential for real-time diagnosis via nanotheranostics, and the fluorescence imaging of IR780 is applied to monitor drug distribution and metabolism. This strategy of sustained drug delivery by anthracene-dimer formation through the better penetration depth of NIR-II fluorescence provides an executable platform to achieve enhanced phototherapy in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Lingjie Ke
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Hu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Xian-Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore
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313
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Li Z, Liu M, Ke L, Wang LJ, Wu C, Li C, Li Z, Wu YL. Flexible polymeric nanosized micelles for ophthalmic drug delivery: research progress in the last three years. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5240-5254. [PMID: 36132623 PMCID: PMC9417891 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00596k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The eye is a complex structure with a variety of anatomical barriers and clearance mechanisms, so the provision of safe and effective ophthalmic drug delivery technology is a major challenge. In the past few decades, a number of reports have shown that nano-delivery platforms based on polymeric micelles are of great interest, because of their hydrophobic core that encapsulates lipid-soluble drugs and small size with high penetration, allowing long-term drug retention and posterior penetration in the eye. Furthermore, as an ocular delivery platform, polymeric micelles not only cover the single micellar drug delivery system formed by poloxamer, chitosan or other polymers, but also include composite drug delivery systems like micelle-encapsulated hydrogels and micelle-embedded contact lenses. In this review, a number of ophthalmic micelles that have emerged in the last three years will be systematically reviewed, with a summary of and discussion on their unique advantages or unique drug delivery performance. Last but not least, the current challenges of polymeric micelle formulations in potential clinical ophthalmic therapeutic applications will also be proposed, which might be helpful for future design of ocular drug delivery formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Minting Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Lingjie Ke
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Caisheng Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Cheng Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science & Ocular Surface and Corneal Diseases, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
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314
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Rykowska I, Nowak I, Nowak R. Soft Contact Lenses as Drug Delivery Systems: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5577. [PMID: 34577045 PMCID: PMC8472272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the role of contact lenses as an innovative drug delivery system in treating eye diseases. Current ophthalmic drug delivery systems are inadequate, particularly eye drops, which allow about 95% of the active substance to be lost through tear drainage. According to the literature, many interdisciplinary studies have been carried out on the ability of contact lenses to increase the penetration of topical therapeutic agents. Contact lenses limit drug loss by releasing the medicine into two layers of tears on either side of the contact lens, eventually extending the time of contact with the ocular surface. Thanks to weighted soft contact lenses, a continuous release of the drug over an extended period is possible. This article reviewed the various techniques to deliver medications through contact lenses, examining their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the potential of drug delivery systems based on contact lenses has been extensively studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Rykowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Iwona Nowak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Rafał Nowak
- Eye Department, J. Strus City Hospital, Szwajcarska 3, 61-285 Poznań, Poland;
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315
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Farhana A, Koh AEH, Tong JB, Alsrhani A, Kumar Subbiah S, Mok PL. Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Camptothecin: Epigenetic Modulation in DNA Repair Mechanisms in Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:5414. [PMID: 34500845 PMCID: PMC8434408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular crosstalk between the cellular epigenome and genome converge as a synergistic driver of oncogenic transformations. Besides other pathways, epigenetic regulatory circuits exert their effect towards cancer progression through the induction of DNA repair deficiencies. We explored this mechanism using a camptothecin encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin-EDTA-Fe3O4 nanoparticles (CPT-CEF)-treated HT29 cells model. We previously demonstrated that CPT-CEF treatment of HT29 cells effectively induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, stalling cancer progression. A comparative transcriptome analysis of CPT-CEF-treated versus untreated HT29 cells indicated that genes controlling mismatch repair, base excision repair, and homologues recombination were downregulated in these cancer cells. Our study demonstrated that treatment with CPT-CEF alleviated this repression. We observed that CPT-CEF exerts its effect by possibly affecting the DNA repair mechanism through epigenetic modulation involving genes of HMGB1, APEX1, and POLE3. Hence, we propose that CPT-CEF could be a DNA repair modulator that harnesses the cell's epigenomic plasticity to amend DNA repair deficiencies in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Avin Ee-Hwan Koh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Jia Bei Tong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Abdullah Alsrhani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Bharath University, Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (P.L.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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316
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Qing X, Xu W, Zong J, Du X, Peng H, Zhang Y. Emerging treatment modalities for systemic therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomark Res 2021; 9:64. [PMID: 34419152 PMCID: PMC8380325 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has long been a major global clinical problem as one of the most common malignant tumours with a high rate of recurrence and mortality. Although potentially curative therapies are available for the early and intermediate stages, the treatment of patients with advanced HCC remains to be resolved. Fortunately, the past few years have shown the emergence of successful systemic therapies to treat HCC. At the molecular level, HCC is a heterogeneous disease, and current research on the molecular characteristics of HCC has revealed numerous therapeutic targets. Targeted agents based on signalling molecules have been successfully supported in clinical trials, and molecular targeted therapy has already become a milestone for disease management in patients with HCC. Immunotherapy, a viable approach for the treatment of HCC, recognizes the antigens expressed by the tumour and treats the tumour using the immune system of the host, making it both selective and specific. In addition, the pipeline for HCC is evolving towards combination therapies with promising clinical outcomes. More drugs designed to focus on specific pathways and immune checkpoints are being developed in the clinic. It has been demonstrated that some drugs can improve the prognosis of patients with HCC in first- or second-line settings, and these drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration or are nearing approval. This review describes targeting pathways and systemic treatment strategies in HCC and summarizes effective targeted and immune-based drugs for patients with HCC and the problems encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qing
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jingjing Zong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xuanlong Du
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yewei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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317
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Pan PJ, Liu JX. Diagnostic and prognostic value of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine in the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6287-6299. [PMID: 34434995 PMCID: PMC8362571 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i22.6287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is an extracellular matrix-associated protein. Studies have revealed that SPARC is involved in the cell interaction and function including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the role of SPARC in cancer is controversial, as it was reported as the promoter or suppressor in different cancers. Further, the role of SPARC in lymphoma is unclear.
AIM To identify the expression and significance of SPARC in lymphoma, especially in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
METHODS The expression analysis of SPARC in different cancers was evaluated with Oncomine. The Brune, Eckerle, Piccaluga, Basso, Compagno, Alizadeh, and Rosenwald datasets were included to evaluate the mRNA expression of SPARC in lymphoma. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-DLBCL was used to analyze the diagnostic value of SPARC in DLBCL. The Compagno and Brune DLBCL datasets were used for validation. Then, the diagnostic value was evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The Kaplan-Meier plot was conducted with TCGA-DLBCL, and the ROC analysis was performed based on the survival time. Further, the overall survival analysis based on the level of SPARC expression was performed with the GSE4475 and E-TABM-346. The Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) was performed to make the underlying mechanism-regulatory networks.
RESULTS The pan-cancer analysis of SPARC showed that SPARC was highly expressed in the brain and central nervous system, breast, colon, esophagus, stomach, head and neck, pancreas, and sarcoma, especially in lymphoma. The overexpression of SPARC in lymphoma, especially DLBCL, was confirmed in several datasets. The ROC analysis revealed that SPARC was a valuable diagnostic biomarker. More importantly, compared with DLBCL patients with low SPARC expression, those with higher SPARC expression represented a higher overall survival rate. The ROC analysis showed that SPARC was a favorable prognostic biomarker for DLBCL. Results of the GSEA confirmed that the high expression of SPARC was closely associated with focal adhesion, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, and leukocyte transendothelial migration, which suggested that SPARC may be involved in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, KRAS, and myogenesis in DLBCL.
CONCLUSION SPARC was highly expressed in DLBCL, and the overexpression of SPARC showed sound diagnostic value. More interestingly, the overexpression of SPARC might be a favorable prognostic biomarker for DLBCL, suggesting that SPARC might be an inducible factor in the development of DLBCL, and inducible SPARC was negative in some oncogenic pathways. All the evidence suggested that inducible SPARC might be a good diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Ji Pan
- Department of Hematology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Jun-Xia Liu
- Department of Oncology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
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318
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He S, Wu L, Li X, Sun H, Xiong T, Liu J, Huang C, Xu H, Sun H, Chen W, Gref R, Zhang J. Metal-organic frameworks for advanced drug delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2362-2395. [PMID: 34522591 PMCID: PMC8424373 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), comprised of organic ligands and metal ions/metal clusters via coordinative bonds are highly porous, crystalline materials. Their tunable porosity, chemical composition, size and shape, and easy surface functionalization make this large family more and more popular for drug delivery. There is a growing interest over the last decades in the design of engineered MOFs with controlled sizes for a variety of biomedical applications. This article presents an overall review and perspectives of MOFs-based drug delivery systems (DDSs), starting with the MOFs classification adapted for DDSs based on the types of constituting metals and ligands. Then, the synthesis and characterization of MOFs for DDSs are developed, followed by the drug loading strategies, applications, biopharmaceutics and quality control. Importantly, a variety of representative applications of MOFs are detailed from a point of view of applications in pharmaceutics, diseases therapy and advanced DDSs. In particular, the biopharmaceutics and quality control of MOFs-based DDSs are summarized with critical issues to be addressed. Finally, challenges in MOFs development for DDSs are discussed, such as biostability, biosafety, biopharmaceutics and nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu He
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Wu
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institut de Sciences Moléculaires D'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex 91400, France
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparations, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Chengxi Huang
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huipeng Xu
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ruxandra Gref
- Institut de Sciences Moléculaires D'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex 91400, France
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparations, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
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Brahma MK, Gilglioni EH, Zhou L, Trépo E, Chen P, Gurzov EN. Oxidative stress in obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: sources, signaling and therapeutic challenges. Oncogene 2021; 40:5155-5167. [PMID: 34290399 PMCID: PMC9277657 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity affects more than 650 million individuals worldwide and is a well-established risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Oxidative stress can be considered as a bona fide tumor promoter, contributing to the initiation and progression of liver cancer. Indeed, one of the key events involved in HCC progression is excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from the fatty acid influx and chronic inflammation. This review provides insights into the different intracellular sources of obesity-induced ROS and molecular mechanisms responsible for hepatic tumorigenesis. In addition, we highlight recent findings pointing to the role of the dysregulated activity of BCL-2 proteins and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in the generation of hepatic oxidative stress and ROS-mediated dysfunctional signaling, respectively. Finally, we discuss the potential and challenges of novel nanotechnology strategies to prevent ROS formation in obesity-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoja K Brahma
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eduardo H Gilglioni
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lang Zhou
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States
| | - Eric Trépo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, C.U.B. Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States
| | - Esteban N Gurzov
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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320
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Zheng Y, Zhang X, Su Z. Design of metal-organic framework composites in anti-cancer therapies. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12102-12118. [PMID: 34236380 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02581c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks are a class of new and promising anti-cancer materials. MOFs with adjustable pore size, large specific surface area, diverse structure, and excellent chemical and physical properties make them a class of effective protection carriers for anti-cancer substances. This review is centered on the core point of "anti-cancer" and discusses MOFs' research progress in anti-cancer therapies. Firstly, we provided readers with the different types of MOFs, their preparation strategies and the resulting structures. Then, different MOF composites and their biological applications were systematically presented. The specificity of biomolecules endows MOFs with broader anti-cancer applications, while MOFs can protect the drugs and biomolecules to make the best of a challenging situation. Finally, we elucidated a comprehensive overview of the biological applications of MOFs, including research hotspots as drug delivery and biomolecule carriers. Besides, we looked forward to the future developments of MOFs in the field of anti-cancer therapies. As a class of novel materials, the anti-cancer applications of MOFs are extended through the combination of different materials and different methods to improve their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
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321
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Kullenberg F, Degerstedt O, Calitz C, Pavlović N, Balgoma D, Gråsjö J, Sjögren E, Hedeland M, Heindryckx F, Lennernäs H. In Vitro Cell Toxicity and Intracellular Uptake of Doxorubicin Exposed as a Solution or Liposomes: Implications for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071717. [PMID: 34359887 PMCID: PMC8306283 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytostatic effects of doxorubicin in clinically applied doses are often inadequate and limited by systemic toxicity. The main objective of this in vitro study was to determine the anti-tumoral effect (IC50) and intracellular accumulation of free and liposomal doxorubicin (DOX) in four human cancer cell lines (HepG2, Huh7, SNU449 and MCF7). The results of this study showed a correlation between longer DOX exposure time and lower IC50 values, which can be attributed to an increased cellular uptake and intracellular exposure of DOX, ultimately leading to cell death. We found that the total intracellular concentrations of DOX were a median value of 230 times higher than the exposure concentrations after exposure to free DOX. The intracellular uptake of DOX from solution was at least 10 times higher than from liposomal formulation. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed to translate these novel quantitative findings to a clinical context and to simulate clinically relevant drug concentration-time curves. This showed that a liver tumor resembling the liver cancer cell line SNU449, the most resistant cell line in this study, would not reach therapeutic exposure at a standard clinical parenteral dose of doxorubicin (50 mg/m2), which is serious limitation for this drug. This study emphasizes the importance of in-vitro to in-vivo translations in the assessment of clinical consequence of experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Kullenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.K.); (O.D.); (J.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Oliver Degerstedt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.K.); (O.D.); (J.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Carlemi Calitz
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (C.C.); (N.P.); (F.H.)
| | - Nataša Pavlović
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (C.C.); (N.P.); (F.H.)
| | - David Balgoma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (D.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Johan Gråsjö
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.K.); (O.D.); (J.G.); (E.S.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (D.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Erik Sjögren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.K.); (O.D.); (J.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (D.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Femke Heindryckx
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (C.C.); (N.P.); (F.H.)
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.K.); (O.D.); (J.G.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence:
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322
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Haley RM, Gottardi R, Langer R, Mitchell MJ. Cyclodextrins in drug delivery: applications in gene and combination therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 10:661-677. [PMID: 32077052 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a powerful tool against genetic disorders and cancer, targeting the source of the disease rather than just treating the symptoms. While much of the initial success of gene delivery relied on viral vectors, non-viral vectors are emerging as promising gene delivery systems for efficacious treatment with decreased toxicity concerns. However, the delivery of genetic material is still challenging, and there is a need for vectors with enhanced targeting, reduced toxicity, and controlled release. In this article, we highlight current work in gene therapy which utilizes the cyclic oligosaccharide molecule cyclodextrin (CD). With a number of unique abilities, such as hosting small molecule drugs, acting as a linker or modular component, reducing immunogenicity, and disrupting membranes, CD is a valuable constituent in many delivery systems. These carriers also demonstrate great promise in combination therapies, due to the ease of assembling macromolecular structures and wide variety of chemical derivatives, which allow for customizable delivery systems and co-delivery of therapeutics. The use of combination and personalized therapies can result in improved patient health-modular systems, such as those which incorporate CD, are more conducive to these therapy types. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Haley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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323
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Liu Z, Ye L, Xi J, Wang J, Feng ZG. Cyclodextrin polymers: Structure, synthesis, and use as drug carriers. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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324
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Liu M, Wu C, Ke L, Li Z, Wu YL. Emerging Biomaterials-Based Strategies for Inhibiting Vasculature Function in Cancer Therapy. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100347. [PMID: 34927997 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The constant feeding of oxygen and nutrients through the blood vasculature has a vital role in maintaining tumor growth. Interestingly, recent endeavors have shown that nanotherapeutics with the strategy to block tumor blood vessels feeding nutrients and oxygen for starvation therapy can be helpful in cancer treatment. However, this field has not been detailed. Hence, this review will present an exhaustive summary of the existing biomaterial based strategies to disrupt tumor vascular function for effective cancer treatment, including hydrogel or nanogel-mediated local arterial embolism, thrombosis activator loaded nano-material-mediated vascular occlusion and anti-vascular drugs that block tumor vascular function, which may be beneficial to the design of anti-cancer nanomedicine by targeting the tumor vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minting Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Caisheng Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lingjie Ke
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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325
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Sun X, Hong Y, Gong Y, Zheng S, Xie D. Bioengineered Ferritin Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7023. [PMID: 34209892 PMCID: PMC8268655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin naturally exists in most organisms and can specifically recognize the transferrin 1 receptor (TfR1), which is generally highly expressed on various types of tumor cells. The pH dependent reversible assembling and disassembling property of ferritin renders it as a suitable candidate for encapsulating a variety of anticancer drugs and imaging probes. Ferritins external surface is chemically and genetically modifiable which can serve as attachment site for tumor specific targeting peptides or moieties. Moreover, the biological origin of these protein cages makes it a biocompatible nanocarrier that stabilizes and protects the enclosed particles from the external environment without provoking any toxic or immunogenic responses. Recent studies, further establish ferritin as a multifunctional nanocarrier for targeted cancer chemotherapy and phototherapy. In this review, we introduce the favorable characteristics of ferritin drug carriers, the specific targeted surface modification and a multifunctional nanocarriers combined chemotherapy with phototherapy for tumor treatment. Taken together, ferritin is a potential ideal base of engineered nanoparticles for tumor therapy and still needs to explore more on its way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanrong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (S.Z.); (D.X.)
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326
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Role of Dietary Antioxidants in p53-Mediated Cancer Chemoprevention and Tumor Suppression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9924328. [PMID: 34257824 PMCID: PMC8257365 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9924328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer arises through a complex interplay between genetic, behavioral, metabolic, and environmental factors that combined trigger cellular changes that over time promote malignancy. In terms of cancer prevention, behavioral interventions such as diet can promote genetic programs that may facilitate tumor suppression; and one of the key tumor suppressors responsible for initiating such programs is p53. The p53 protein is activated by various cellular events such as DNA damage, hypoxia, heat shock, and overexpression of oncogenes. Due to its role in cell fate decisions after DNA damage, regulatory pathways controlled by p53 help to maintain genome stability and thus “guard the genome” against mutations that cause cancer. Dietary intake of flavonoids, a C15 group of polyphenols, is known to inhibit cancer progression and assist DNA repair through p53-mediated mechanisms in human cells via their antioxidant activities. For example, quercetin arrests human cervical cancer cell growth by blocking the G2/M phase cell cycle and inducing mitochondrial apoptosis through a p53-dependent mechanism. Other polyphenols such as resveratrol upregulate p53 expression in several cancer cell lines by promoting p53 stability, which in colon cancer cells results in the activation of p53-mediated apoptosis. Finally, among vitamins, folic acid seems to play an important role in the chemoprevention of gastric carcinogenesis by enhancing gastric epithelial apoptosis in patients with premalignant lesions by significantly increased expression of p53. In this review, we discuss the role of these and other dietary antioxidants in p53-mediated cell signaling in relation to cancer chemoprevention and tumor suppression in normal and cancer cells.
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327
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Constantinou AP, Georgiou TK. Pre‐clinical and clinical applications of thermoreversible hydrogels in biomedical engineering: a review. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Constantinou
- Department of Materials Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Royal School of Mines London UK
| | - Theoni K Georgiou
- Department of Materials Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Royal School of Mines London UK
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328
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Chen Y, Zhao H, Xiao Y, Shen P, Tan L, Zhang S, Liu Q, Gao Z, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Feng Y. Pan-cancer analysis reveals an immunological role and prognostic potential of PXN in human cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16248-16266. [PMID: 34135128 PMCID: PMC8266322 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Paxillin (PXN) is a protein involved in numerous physiological processes, and its presence is closely related to the occurrence and development of many types of tumors. However, no studies have analyzed PXN from a pan-cancer perspective. We analyzed PXN expression, immune cell infiltration, prognosis, and biological function across different types of tumors included in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. The results showed that expression of PXN varies in different tumors. Expression of PXN strongly correlated with prognosis in patients with tumors; higher PXN expression usually was linked to poor overall and disease-free survival. Expression of PXN in breast invasive carcinoma and lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was related to the degree of CD8+ T-cell infiltration, and infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts, such as kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma and brain lower-grade glioma, was also observed in other tumors. The results of pan-cancer analysis showed that abnormal PXN expression was related to poor prognosis, immune infiltration, and protein phosphorylation in different tumor types. Therefore, the PXN gene may become a potential biomarker of clinical tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200000, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Nursing Department, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Peijun Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhengrong Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yunzhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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329
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Wang D, Sun Y, Lin L, Sang Y, Yang F, Zhang J, Jia L, Xu Z, Zhang W. Long non-coding RNA H19 and the underlying epigenetic function in response to DNA damage of lung cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:5835-5850. [PMID: 34306329 PMCID: PMC8290785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to clarify the epigenetic function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 in lung cancer as well as the relevant regulatory mechanism. We first determined H19 upregulation in A549 cells. DNA damage model was established in A549 cells by exposure to X-ray and then ionizing radiation (IR). The degree of DNA damage in the IR cell model was assessed by Comet assay. Gain- and loss-of-function assays were employed to clarify the roles of H19 and miR-675 in DNA damage of A549 cells. The results demonstrated that H19 knockdown inhibited the response of lung cancer cells to IR-induced DNA damage but promoted the damage repair. H19 could interact with miR-675, whereby aggravating IR-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, p62 was identified to be a downstream gene positively regulated by miR-675 while APEX1 was a target gene negatively regulated by miR-625-5p. Meanwhile, silencing of H19 could inhibit APEX1 expression by upregulating miR-625-5p, thereby accelerating DNA damage repair in A549 cells. In conclusion, H19 could function as a modulator of DNA damage response in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yajiao Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yulan Sang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Li Jia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ziping Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, P. R. China
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330
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Habibi Khorassani SM, Ghodsi F, Arezomandan H, Shahraki M, Omidikia N, Hashemzaei M, Heidari Majd M. In Vitro Apoptosis Evaluation and Kinetic Modeling onto Cyclodextrin-Based Host–Guest Magnetic Nanoparticles Containing Methotrexate and Tamoxifen. BIONANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-021-00877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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331
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Arampatzis AS, Giannakoula K, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Theodoridis K, Aggelidou E, Rat A, Kampasakali E, Willems A, Christofilos D, Kritis A, Papageorgiou VP, Tsivintzelis I, Assimopoulou AN. Novel electrospun poly-hydroxybutyrate scaffolds as carriers for the wound healing agents alkannins and shikonins. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab011. [PMID: 34211727 PMCID: PMC8240617 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of novel electrospun fiber mats loaded with alkannin and shikonin (A/S) derivatives, using as carrier a highly biocompatible, bio-derived, eco-friendly polymer such as poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid] (PHB). PHB fibers containing a mixture of A/S derivatives at different ratios were successfully fabricated via electrospinning. Αs evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, the fibers formed a bead-free mesh with average diameters from 1.25 to 1.47 μm. Spectroscopic measurements suggest that electrospinning marginally increases the amorphous content of the predominantly crystalline PHB in the fibers, while a significant drug amount lies near the fiber surface for samples of high total A/S content. All scaffolds displayed satisfactory characteristics, with the lower concentrations of A/S mixture-loaded PHB fiber mats achieving higher porosity, water uptake ratios, and entrapment efficiencies. The in vitro dissolution studies revealed that all samples released more than 70% of the encapsulated drug after 72 h. All PHB scaffolds tested by cell viability assay were proven non-toxic for Hs27 fibroblasts, with the 0.15 wt.% sample favoring cell attachment, spreading onto the scaffold surface, as well as cell proliferation. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of PHB meshes loaded with A/S mixture was documented for Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios S Arampatzis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Konstantina Giannakoula
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Konstantinos N Kontogiannopoulos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Theodoridis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Aggelidou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angélique Rat
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Elli Kampasakali
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Physics Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Anne Willems
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Dimitrios Christofilos
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Physics Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Kritis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilios P Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsivintzelis
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Andreana N Assimopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
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332
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Liu Z, Li J, Hu X, Xu H. Helicobacter pylori-induced protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C as a prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:1058-1073. [PMID: 34295557 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is closely associated with the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify the key regulator in H. pylori-related gastric cancer and to study the expression level and clinical value of the indicated key regulator in gastric cancer. Methods The GSE6143 dataset was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with limma R package, and enrichment analysis was done using the Metascape web-based portal. The protein-protein interaction analysis was done using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins. Gastric adenocarcinoma AGS and BGC-823 cells were treated with H. pylori strain 26695 to construct the in vitro H. pylori infection model, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the mRNA levels of indicated genes. The correlation analysis between two genes in gastric cancer was done by GEPIA. Furthermore, the PTPRC expression by pathological features analysis was conducted in UALCAN, an easy to use, interactive web-portal (http://ualcan.path.uab.edu). The survival analysis for gastric cancer, based on PTPRC expression levels, was done using the Kaplan-Meier plotter. Results DEGs in gastric mucosa with or without H. pylori infection were identified and enriched in immune-related pathways and cancer pathways. The protein-protein interaction analysis confirmed the enrichment analysis of gene ontology. H. pylori strain 26695 exposure also confirmed the alteration of gene expression levels in AGS and BGC-823 cells. PTPRC was co-expressed with CSF2RB and TNFRSF7, indicating a significant positive correlation in gastric cancer. PTPRC was overexpressed in gastric cancer, and the overexpression of PTPRC was positively correlated with the progression of gastric cancer. Furthermore, the high expression of PTPRC could act as a poor prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients, especially for those at advanced stage. Conclusions H. pylori-induced PTPRC is overexpressed in gastric cancer, and the overexpression of PTPRC is positively associated with the development of gastric cancer. The high expression of PTPRC could serve as poor prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer patients, especially for those at advanced stage. H. pylori-induced PTPRC is a prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichuan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianchang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshan Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Houwei Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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333
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Wang J, Zhang B, Sun J, Hu W, Wang H. Recent advances in porous nanostructures for cancer theranostics. NANO TODAY 2021; 38:101146. [PMID: 33897805 PMCID: PMC8059603 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Porous nanomaterials with high surface area, tunable porosity, and large mesopores have recently received particular attention in cancer therapy and imaging. Introduction of additional pores to nanostructures not only endows the tunability of optoelectronic and optical features optimal for tumor treatment, but also modulates the loading capacity and controlled release of therapeutic agents. In recognition, increasing efforts have been made to fabricate various porous nanomaterials and explore their potentials in oncology applications. Thus, a systematic and comprehensive summary is necessary to overview the recent progress, especially in last ten years, on the development of various mesoporous nanomaterials for cancer treatment as theranostic agents. While outlining their individual synthetic mechanisms after a brief introduction of the structures and properties of porous nanomaterials, the current review highlighted the representative applications of three main categories of porous nanostructures (organic, inorganic, and organic-inorganic nanomaterials). In each category, the synthesis, representative examples, and interactions with tumors were further detailed. The review was concluded with deliberations on the key challenges and future outlooks of porous nanostructures in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, 300401, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Beilu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States
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334
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Recent trends in biodegradable polyester nanomaterials for cancer therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112198. [PMID: 34225851 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polyester nanomaterials-based drug delivery vehicles (DDVs) have been largely used in most of the cancer treatments due to its high biological performance and wider applications. In several previous studies, various biodegradable and biocompatible polyester backbones were used which are poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). These polyesters were fabricated into therapeutic nanoparticles that carry drug molecules to the target site during the cancer disease treatment. In this review, we elaborately discussed the chemical synthesis of different synthetic polyesters and their use as nanodrug carriers (NCs) in cancer treatment. Further, we highlighted in brief the recent developments of metal-free semi-aromatic polyester nanomaterials along with its role as cancer drug delivery vehicles.
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335
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Plays M, Müller S, Rodriguez R. Chemistry and biology of ferritin. Metallomics 2021; 13:6244244. [PMID: 33881539 PMCID: PMC8083198 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element required by cells and has been described as a key player in ferroptosis. Ferritin operates as a fundamental iron storage protein in cells forming multimeric assemblies with crystalline iron cores. We discuss the latest findings on ferritin structure and activity and its link to cell metabolism and ferroptosis. The chemistry of iron, including its oxidation states, is important for its biological functions, its reactivity, and the biology of ferritin. Ferritin can be localized in different cellular compartments and secreted by cells with a variety of functions depending on its spatial context. Here, we discuss how cellular ferritin localization is tightly linked to its function in a tissue-specific manner, and how impairment of iron homeostasis is implicated in diseases, including cancer and coronavirus disease 2019. Ferritin is a potential biomarker and we discuss latest research where it has been employed for imaging purposes and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Plays
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 3666, Paris, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1143, Paris, France.,PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Müller
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 3666, Paris, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1143, Paris, France.,PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Rodriguez
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 3666, Paris, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1143, Paris, France.,PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
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336
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Gao Z, Du X, Ding Y, Li H. Establishment of a dual-aptasensor for simultaneous detection of chloramphenicol and kanamycin. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1148-1156. [PMID: 34006198 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1914871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers, as single-stranded DNA or RNA fragments, have been widely applied as the bio-recognition element for fabrication of flexible and reliable aptasensors to be used in food safety control, clinical therapy and diagnosis and environment monitoring fields. With increasingly fierce antibiotics resistance appearing as a worldwide problem, a highly efficient method is urgently needed to detect antibiotics residues in animal-sourced food. Herein, a simply operated aptasensor based on quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was fabricated to realise the simultaneous detection of two antibiotics (i.e. chloramphenicol and kanamycin). The limit of detection (LOD) of 6.13 ng/mL for chloramphenicol and of 19.17 ng/mL for kanamycin of this dual-aptasensor were achieved. Actually, such LOD values were not as good as that of an aptasensor individually established for each antibiotic. The circular dichroism analysis suggested that in the dual-aptasensor, adjacent aptamers might disturb each other's binding with their respective target. Although certain detection sensitivity was lost, the dual-aptasensor could still fulfil the detection requirements, and more importantly, it would improve the detection efficiency. Finally, this dual-aptasensor was applied for detecting chloramphenicol and kanamycin in real spiked food samples, and results indicated good recovery rates. These results demonstrated this developed dual-aptasensor to be a promising highly efficient method with low cost for simultaneous detection of chloramphenicol and kanamycin residues in animal-sourced food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yujing Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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337
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Li X, Zhang W, Lin J, Wu H, Yao Y, Zhang J, Yang C. T cell membrane cloaking tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles with a smart "membrane escape mechanism" for enhanced immune-chemotherapy of melanoma. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3453-3464. [PMID: 33949434 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00331c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The application of combination immune-chemotherapy makes up for the limitation of monotherapy and achieves superior antitumor activity against cancer. However, combinational therapy is always restricted by poor tumor targeted drug delivery efficacy. Herein, novel T cell membrane cloaking tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles (PBA modified T cell membrane cloaking hyaluronic acid (HA)-disulfide bond-vitamin E succinate/curcumin, shortened as RCM@T) were developed. T cell membrane cloaking not only serves as a protection shell for sufficient drug delivery but also acts as a programmed cell death-1(PD-1) "antibody" to selectively bind the PD-L1 of tumor cells. When RCM@T is intravenously administrated into the blood stream, it accumulates at tumor sites and responds to an acidic pH to achieve a "membrane escape effect" and expose the HA residues of RCM for tumor targeted drug delivery. RCM accumulates in the cytoplasm via CD44 receptor mediated endocytosis and intracellularly releases antitumor drug in the intracellular redox microenvironment for tumor chemotherapy. T cell membrane debris targets the PD-L1of tumor cells for tumor immunotherapy, which not only directly kills tumor cells, but also improves the CD8+ T cell level and facilitates effector cytokine release. Taken together, the as-constructed RCM@T creates a new way for the rational design of a drug delivery system via the combination of stimuli-responsive drug release, chemotherapeutical agent delivery and cell membrane based immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Li
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 258 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 258 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China.
| | - Jing Lin
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 258 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 258 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China.
| | - Yucen Yao
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 258 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China.
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 258 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China.
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 258 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China.
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338
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Pan X, Li B, Zhang G, Gong Y, Liu R, Chen B, Li Y. Identification of RORγ as a favorable biomarker for colon cancer. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211008338. [PMID: 33947261 PMCID: PMC8113924 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211008338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the expression of retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ)
and its potential role in the prognosis of colon cancer. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas and GSE117606 were used to evaluate to RORγ levels in
colon cancer, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was
applied for validation. UALCAN and MEXPRESS were used to analyze the
associations of RORγ expression with clinical parameters. The survival
analysis was conducted in GEPIA. Results RORγ expression was significantly lower in colon tumors than in adjacent
normal mucosa tissues. RORγ expression was significantly associated with
tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and liver metastasis. The area under the
curve for diagnosis was 0.71. Decreased RORγ expression was positively
correlated with the incidence of lymphatic invasion, microsatellite
instability, the presence of residual tumor, venous invasion, and copy
number variation. Overall survival was longer in patients with higher RORγ
expression, especially those with microsatellite instability-high features.
Methylation analysis revealed that hypermethylation of the RORγ promoter was
associated with the colon cancer stage. Conclusions RORγ downregulation could be a potential biomarker for colon cancer,
especially for predicting prognosis. Decreased RORγ expression in colon
tumor may be associated with promoter hypermethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Pan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu'an, China
| | - Bao Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu'an, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu'an, China
| | - Yuyong Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu'an, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Burns and Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu'an, China
| | - Benxin Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu'an, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu'an, China
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339
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Recent advances on noninvasive ocular therapeutic delivery strategy based on polymeric formulations. Ther Deliv 2021; 12:423-425. [PMID: 33969694 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2021-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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340
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McTaggart M, Li X, Groves M, Shah V, Jugroot M, Malardier-Jugroot C. Impact of dimensionality and confinement on reaction dynamics and thermodynamics within 1D and 2D nanostructures. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:174903. [PMID: 34241068 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Confinement has been shown to contribute to the dynamics of small molecules within nanoscale hydrophobic or hydrophilic cavities. Enclosure within a confined space can also influence energy transfer pathways, such as the enhancement of fluorescence over thermal relaxation. In this paper, the effect of confinement on the thermodynamic properties and reaction kinetics of small hydrophobic molecules confined in a soft polymeric template is detailed. A quasi-elastic neutron scattering experiment identified a substantial decrease in translational diffusion of pyrrole after solubilization within a hydrophobic cavity. This decrease in mobility is due to pyrrole's closer packing and increased density under confinement vs the bulk liquid. The decreased mobility and increased density explain the spontaneous polymerization reaction of pyrrole observed within the cavity. The precise characterization of the polymerization kinetics under confinement found that the reaction is independent of pyrrole concentration, consistent with the close packing density. Kinetic data also show that confinement dimensionality finds a thermodynamic expression in the transition state entropy. The dynamics and kinetics experiments reported here offer rare empirical insight into the important influence that cavity geometry places on the reactions they host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt McTaggart
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Michael Groves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - Vishva Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Manish Jugroot
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Cecile Malardier-Jugroot
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario K7K 7B4, Canada
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341
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Yan Q, Zheng W, Wang B, Ye B, Luo H, Yang X, Zhang P, Wang X. A prognostic model based on seven immune-related genes predicts the overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. BioData Min 2021; 14:29. [PMID: 33962640 PMCID: PMC8106157 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-021-00261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with a high incidence and a poor prognosis. Growing amounts of evidence have shown that the immune system plays a critical role in the biological processes of HCC such as progression, recurrence, and metastasis, and some have discussed using it as a weapon against a variety of cancers. However, the impact of immune-related genes (IRGs) on the prognosis of HCC remains unclear. METHODS Based on The Cancer Gene Atlas (TCGA) and Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort) datasets, we integrated the ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing profiles of 424 HCC patients with IRGs to calculate immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Survival analysis was used to establish a prognostic model of survival- and immune-related DEGs. Based on genomic and clinicopathological data, we constructed a nomogram to predict the prognosis of HCC patients. Gene set enrichment analysis further clarified the signalling pathways of the high-risk and low-risk groups constructed based on the IRGs in HCC. Next, we evaluated the correlation between the risk score and the infiltration of immune cells, and finally, we validated the prognostic performance of this model in the GSE14520 dataset. RESULTS A total of 100 immune-related DEGs were significantly associated with the clinical outcomes of patients with HCC. We performed univariate and multivariate least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression analyses on these genes to construct a prognostic model of seven IRGs (Fatty Acid Binding Protein 6 (FABP6), Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau (MAPT), Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 5 (BIRC5), Plexin-A1 (PLXNA1), Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) and Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 5 (CSPG5)), which showed better prognostic performance than the tumour/node/metastasis (TNM) staging system. Moreover, we constructed a regulatory network related to transcription factors (TFs) that further unravelled the regulatory mechanisms of these genes. According to the median value of the risk score, the entire TCGA cohort was divided into high-risk and low-risk groups, and the low-risk group had a better overall survival (OS) rate. To predict the OS rate of HCC, we established a gene- and clinical factor-related nomogram. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve showed that this model had moderate accuracy. The correlation analysis between the risk score and the infiltration of six common types of immune cells showed that the model could reflect the state of the immune microenvironment in HCC tumours. CONCLUSION Our IRG prognostic model was shown to have value in the monitoring, treatment, and prognostic assessment of HCC patients and could be used as a survival prediction tool in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjiang Zheng
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boqing Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqian Ye
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Luo
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinqian Yang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongwen Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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342
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Wang M, Luo Y, Wang T, Wan C, Pan L, Pan S, He K, Neo A, Chen X. Artificial Skin Perception. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003014. [PMID: 32930454 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ, with the functionalities of protection, regulation, and sensation. The emulation of human skin via flexible and stretchable electronics gives rise to electronic skin (e-skin), which has realized artificial sensation and other functions that cannot be achieved by conventional electronics. To date, tremendous progress has been made in data acquisition and transmission for e-skin systems, while the implementation of perception within systems, that is, sensory data processing, is still in its infancy. Integrating the perception functionality into a flexible and stretchable sensing system, namely artificial skin perception, is critical to endow current e-skin systems with higher intelligence. Here, recent progress in the design and fabrication of artificial skin perception devices and systems is summarized, and challenges and prospects are discussed. The strategies for implementing artificial skin perception utilize either conventional silicon-based circuits or novel flexible computing devices such as memristive devices and synaptic transistors, which enable artificial skin to surpass human skin, with a distributed, low-latency, and energy-efficient information-processing ability. In future, artificial skin perception would be a new enabling technology to construct next-generation intelligent electronic devices and systems for advanced applications, such as robotic surgery, rehabilitation, and prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yifei Luo
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ting Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Changjin Wan
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Liang Pan
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shaowu Pan
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ke He
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Aden Neo
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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343
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Xiong J, Chen J, Lee PS. Functional Fibers and Fabrics for Soft Robotics, Wearables, and Human-Robot Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002640. [PMID: 33025662 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Soft robotics inspired by the movement of living organisms, with excellent adaptability and accuracy for accomplishing tasks, are highly desirable for efficient operations and safe interactions with human. With the emerging wearable electronics, higher tactility and skin affinity are pursued for safe and user-friendly human-robot interactions. Fabrics interlocked by fibers perform traditional static functions such as warming, protection, and fashion. Recently, dynamic fibers and fabrics are favorable to deliver active stimulus responses such as sensing and actuating abilities for soft-robots and wearables. First, the responsive mechanisms of fiber/fabric actuators and their performances under various external stimuli are reviewed. Fiber/yarn-based artificial muscles for soft-robots manipulation and assistance in human motion are discussed, as well as smart clothes for improving human perception. Second, the geometric designs, fabrications, mechanisms, and functions of fibers/fabrics for sensing and energy harvesting from the human body and environments are summarized. Effective integration between the electronic components with garments, human skin, and living organisms is illustrated, presenting multifunctional platforms with self-powered potential for human-robot interactions and biomedicine. Lastly, the relationships between robotic/wearable fibers/fabrics and the external stimuli, together with the challenges and possible routes for revolutionizing the robotic fibers/fabrics and wearables in this new era are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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344
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Ansari S, Sami N, Yasin D, Ahmad N, Fatma T. Biomedical applications of environmental friendly poly-hydroxyalkanoates. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:549-563. [PMID: 33932421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological polyesters of hydroxyacids are known as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). They have proved to be an alternative, environmentally friendly and attractive candidate for the replacement of petroleum-based plastics in many applications. Many bacteria synthesize these compounds as an intracellular carbon and energy compound usually under unbalanced growth conditions. Biodegradability and biocompatibility of different PHA has been studied in cell culture systems or in an animal host during the last few decades. Such investigations have proposed that PHA can be used as biomaterials for applications in conventional medical devices such as sutures, patches, meshes, implants, and tissue engineering scaffolds as well. Moreover, findings related to encapsulation capability and degradation kinetics of some PHA polymers has paved their way for development of controlled drug delivery systems. The present review discusses about bio-plastics, their characteristics, examines the key findings and recent advances highlighting the usage of bio-plastics in different medical devices. The patents concerning to PHA application in biomedical field have been also enlisted that will provide a brief overview of the status of research in bio-plastic. This would help medical researchers and practitioners to replace the synthetic plastics aids that are currently being used. Simultaneously, it could also prove to be a strong step in reducing the plastic pollution that surged abruptly due to the COVID-19 medical waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Ansari
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Neha Sami
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Durdana Yasin
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Nazia Ahmad
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Tasneem Fatma
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India.
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345
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Fan X, Luo Z, Ye E, You M, Liu M, Yun Y, Loh XJ, Wu YL, Li Z. AuNPs Decorated PLA Stereocomplex Micelles for Synergetic Photothermal and Chemotherapy. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100062. [PMID: 33871168 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A unique platform for combined photothermal and chemotherapy using PLA stereocomplex (PLA SC) micelles-induced hybrid gold nanocarriers is designed. The PLA SC micelles, made from the self-assembly of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(l-lactide) (PEG-PLLA) and poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(d-lactide) (PDMAEMA-PDLA), for the first time are used as a template to fabricate the hybrid PLA SC@Au core-shell nanocarriers, in which the anticancer drugs are encapsulated within the core, while the Au nanoparticles are tethered in the shell via the in situ reduction of AuCl4 - by PDMAEMA. The obtained PLA SC@Au hybrid nanocarriers exhibit low toxicity and remarkable photothermal effect. Upon near-infrared laser irradiation, the on-site photothermal therapy can further induce an accelerated drug release from the hybrid nanocarrier reservoir via hyperthermia heating of the nanocarriers, thus leading to a synergistic photothermal and chemotherapy toward a significantly improved efficacy in tumor shrinkage. The as-designed PLA SC@Au hybrid nanocarriers, with their biocompatible compositions, dual-drug delivery characteristics, and combined photothermal/chemotherapy, show high potential as a novel platform for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634
| | - Mingliang You
- Hangzhou Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, China
| | - Minting Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ye Yun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634
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346
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LINC00470 accelerates the proliferation and metastasis of melanoma through promoting APEX1 expression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:410. [PMID: 33875645 PMCID: PMC8055894 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently studies found that APEX1 was abnormally expressed in melanoma, indicating that it might be involved in the development of melanoma. However, the underlying mechanism and the interaction between APEX1 and LINC00470 in melanoma are not clear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of LINC00470 in the development of melanoma in this work. We discovered that LINC00470 was overexpressed in melanoma tissues and cells compared with the adjacent normal tissues and cells by qPCR. The overexpression of LINC00470 promoted the proliferation and migration of melanoma cells. The functional investigation demonstrated that LINC00470 activated the transcription factor, ZNF131, to regulate the APEX1 expression, which finally promoted cell proliferation and migration. In contrast, knockdown of LINC00470 could significantly inhibit the melanoma cell proliferation and migration, and suppress the growth of tumor in vivo. Overexpression of APEX1 could reverse the impact of the silence of LINC00470 in melanoma cells. In summary, our studies revealed that LINC00470 promoted melanoma proliferation and migration by enhancing the expression of APEX1, which indicated that LINC00470 might be a therapeutic target for the treatment of melanoma.
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347
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Biosynthetic magnetic nanocages: towards effective and safe magneto-catalytic cancer therapy. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:640-642. [PMID: 36654434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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348
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Exploration of prognostic index based on immune-related genes in patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225490. [PMID: 32579175 PMCID: PMC7327182 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to screen the immune-related genes (IRGs) in patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and construct a synthetic index for indicating the prognostic outcomes. The bioinformatic analysis was performed on the data of 374 cancer tissues and 50 normal tissues, which were downloaded from TCGA database. We observed that 17 differentially expressed IRGs were significantly associated with survival in LIHC patients. These LIHC-specific IRGs were validated with function analysis and molecular characteristics. Cox analysis was applied for constructing a RiskScore for predicting the survival. The RiskScore involved six IRGs and corresponding coefficients, which was calculated with the following formula: RiskScore = [Expression level of FABP5 *(0.064)] + [Expression level of TRAF3 * (0.198)] + [Expression level of CSPG5 * (0.416)] + [Expression level of IL17D * (0.197)] + [Expression level of STC2 * (0.036)] + [Expression level of BRD8 * (0.140)]. The RiskScore was positively associated with the poor survival, which was verified with the dataset from ICGC database. Further analysis revealed that the RiskScore was independent of any other clinical feature, while it was linked with the infiltration levels of six types of immune cells. Our study reported the survival-associated IRGs in LIHC and then constructed IRGs-based RiskScore as prognostic indicator for screening patients with high risk of short survival. Both the screened IRGs and IRGs-based RiskScore were clinically significant, which may be informative for promoting the individualized immunotherapy against LIHC.
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349
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Ke L, Li Z, Fan X, Loh XJ, Cheng H, Wu YL, Li Z. Cyclodextrin-Based Hybrid Polymeric Complex to Overcome Dual Drug Resistance Mechanisms for Cancer Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1254. [PMID: 33924348 PMCID: PMC8069732 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance always reduces the efficacy of chemotherapy, and the classical mechanisms of drug resistance include drug pump efflux and anti-apoptosis mediators-mediated non-pump resistance. In addition, the amphiphilic polymeric micelles with good biocompatibility and high stability have been proven to deliver the drug molecules inside the cavity into the cell membrane regardless of the efflux of the cell membrane pump. We designed a cyclodextrin (CD)-based polymeric complex to deliver chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) and Nur77ΔDBD gene for combating pumps and non-pump resistance simultaneously. The natural cavity structure of the polymeric complex, which was comprised with β-cyclodextrin-graft-(poly(ε-caprolactone)-adamantly (β-CD-PCL-AD) and β-cyclodextrin-graft-(poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (β-CD-PCL-PDMAEMA), can achieve the efficient drug loading and delivery to overcome pump drug resistance. The excellent Nur77ΔDBD gene delivery can reverse Bcl-2 from the tumor protector to killer for inhibiting non-pump resistance. The presence of terminal adamantyl (AD) could insert into the cavity of β-CD-PCL-PDMAEMA via host-guest interaction, and the releasing rate of polymeric inclusion complex was higher than that of the individual β-CD-PCL-PDMAEMA. The polymeric inclusion complex can efficiently deliver the Nur77ΔDBD gene than polyethylenimine (PEI-25k), which is a golden standard for nonviral vector gene delivery. The higher transfection efficacy, rapid DOX cellular uptake, and significant synergetic tumor cell viability inhibition were achieved in a pump and non-pump drug resistance cell model. The combined strategy with dual drug resistance mechanisms holds great potential to combat drug-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Ke
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.K.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhiguo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.K.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaoshan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China;
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore;
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.K.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yun-long Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.K.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore;
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350
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Soni SS, Alsasa A, Rodell CB. Applications of Macrocyclic Host Molecules in Immune Modulation and Therapeutic Delivery. Front Chem 2021; 9:658548. [PMID: 33889565 PMCID: PMC8055865 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.658548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a central role in the development and progression of human disease. Modulation of the immune response is therefore a critical therapeutic target that enables us to approach some of the most vexing problems in medicine today such as obesity, cancer, viral infection, and autoimmunity. Methods of manipulating the immune system through therapeutic delivery centralize around two common themes: the local delivery of biomaterials to affect the surrounding tissue or the systemic delivery of soluble material systems, often aided by context-specific cell or tissue targeting strategies. In either case, supramolecular interactions enable control of biomaterial composition, structure, and behavior at the molecular-scale; through rational biomaterial design, the realization of next-generation immunotherapeutics and immunotheranostics is therefore made possible. This brief review highlights methods of harnessing macromolecular interaction for immunotherapeutic applications, with an emphasis on modes of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher B. Rodell
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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